2015年英语专业八级真题试卷
英语专业四级六级复习-2015年英语专八真题及答案
英语专业 四级/六级真题解析2015年英语专八真题及答案2015英语专八听力答案Section A Mini-lecture1. parts of language2. other features3. rhythm4. having the ability5. a particular subject6. knowledge or experience7. reinterpreting8. predicting/making predictions9. types of predictions10. contentsSection B Interview1. Theresa thinks that the present government is ________.[A] doing what they have promised to schools[B] creating opportunities for leading universities[C] considering removing barriers for state school pupils[D] reducing opportunities for state school pupils2. What does Theresa see as a problem in secondary schools now?[A] Universities are not working hard to accept state school pupils.[B] The number of state pupils applying to Oxford fails to increase.[C] The government has lowered state pupils’ expectations.[D] Leading universities are rejecting state school pupils.3. In Theresa’s view, school freedom means that schools should ____.[A] be given more funding from education authorities[B] be given all the money and decide how to spend it[C] be granted greater power to run themselves[D] be given more opportunities and choices4. According to Theresa, who decides or decide money for schools at the present?[A] Local education authorities and the central government.[B] Local education authorities and secondary schools together.[C] Local education authorities only.[D] The central government only.5. Throughout the talk, the interviewer does all the following EXCEPT____.[A] asking for clarification[B] challenging the interviewee[C] supporting the interviewee[D] initiating topicsSection C News BroadcastNews Item 16. What is the main idea of the news item?[A] Fewer people watch TV once a week.[B] Smartphones and tablets have replaced TV.[C] New technology has led to more family time.[D] Bigger TV sets have attracted more people.News Item 27. How many lawmakers voted for the marijuana legalization bill?[A] 50. [B] 12.[C] 46. [D] 18.8. The passing of the bill means that marijuana can be________.[A] bought by people under 18[B] made available to drug addicts[C] provided by the government[D] bought in drug storesNews Item 39. What did the review of global data reveal?[A]Diarrhea is a common disease.[B]Good sanitation led to increase in height.[C]There were many problems of poor sanitation.[D] African children live in worse sanitary conditions.10. The purpose of Dr. Alan Dangour’s study was most likely to ________.[A] examine links between sanitation and death from illness[B] look into factors affecting the growth of children[C] investigate how to tackle symptoms like diarrhea[D] review and compare conditions in different countries2015专八阅读理解答案PartⅡ Reading ComprehensionText A11. According to the author, shoppers are returning their purchases for all the following reasons EXCEPT that ____.[A] they are unsatisfied with the quality of the purchase[B]they eventually find the purchase too expensive[C] they change their mind out of uncertainty[D] they regret making the purchase without forethought12. What is the purpose of the experiment in the bookstore?[A] To see which promotion method is preferred by customers.[B]To find out the strengths and weaknesses of both methods.[C] To try to set up a new retailer-customer relationship.[D] To see the effect of an approach on customers' decisions.13. Why does the author cite the study by Bangor University and the Royal Mail Service?[A]To compare similar responses in different settings.[B] To provide further evidence for his own observation.[C] To offer a scientific account of the brain's functions.[D] To describe emotional responses in online shopping.14. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A]Real satisfaction depends on factors other than the computer.[B] Despite online shopping we still attach importance to gift buying.[C] Some people are still uncertain about the digital age.[D] Online shopping offers real satisfaction to shoppers.Text B15. In the first paragraph, the author suggests that____.[A]a person can either have a high IQ or a low EQ[B]her professor brother cares too much about IQ[C]we need examples of how to follow one's heart[D]she prefers dogs that are clever and loyal16. According to the passage, all the following are Twist's characteristics EXCEPT____.[A]resignation[B]patience[C]forgiveness[D]tenacity17. According to the context, the meaning of the word "square"is closest to____.[A]fast[B]blindly[C]straight[D]stubbornly18.ThatTwist's devotion keeps my girls on a benevolent leash means that____.[A]Twist is capable of looking after the girls[B]Twist and the girls have become friends[C]Twist knows how to follow the girls[D]Twist's loyalty helps the girls grow up19. What does the author try to express in the last paragraph?[A]Difficulties in raising her children.[B]Worries about what to buy for kids.[C]Gratitude to Twist for her role.[D]Concerns about schooling and religion.Text C20. That it tottered on the borders of senile decay means that the lorry was_________.[A] about to break down[B] a very old vehicle[C] unable to travel the distance[D] a dangerous vehicle21. Which of the following words in the first paragraph is used literally?[A] Flush.[B] Borders.[C] Operations.[D] Gasping.22. We learn from the first paragraph that the author regards the inadequacies of the lorry as _________.[A] inevitable and amusing[B]. dangerous and frightening[C] novel and unexpected[D] welcome and interesting23. All the following words in the last but one paragraph describe the lorry as a humanEXCEPT______ .[A] trembling[B] spouting[C] shuddering[D] crept24. We can infer from the passage that the author was ________.[A] bored by the appearance of the grasslands ahead[B] reluctant to do any walking in so hot a climate[C] unfriendly towards the local driver and boys[D] a little surprised to have to help drive the lorry25. A suitable title for the passage would be _______.[A] A journey that scared me[B] A journey to remember[C] The wild West African lorry[D] A comic journey in West AfricaText D26. According to the passage, which of the following serves as the BEST reason for the similarity in urban green space throughout the West?[A]Climate.[B]Geography.[C] Functional purposes.[D]Design principles.27. The following are all features of future urban green space EXCEPT that________ .[A]each city has its distinct style of urban green space[B]urban landscape will focus more on cultural history[C] urban green space will be designed to serve many uses[D]more green cover will be seen on city roofs and walls28. Why are some local residents opposed to "xeriscaping"?[A]It cannot reduce water requirements.[B]It has proved to be too costly.[C] It is not suited for the local area.[D]It does not have enough advantages.29. According to the passage, if planners adopt an asset-based approach, they will probably .[A]incorporate the area's natural and cultural heritage into their design[B]make careful estimation of the area's natural resources before designing[C] combine natural resources and practical functions in their design[D]envision more purposes for urban landscaping in their design30. According to the passage, future landscaping designs will rely more on .__ .[A]human assumptions[B]field work[C] scientific estimation[D]laboratory work2015英语专八人文答案2015年专八考试已于3月21日考完，新东方在线为考生们整理了2015专八人文答案，仅供参考。
2006年2015年专八听力mini-lecture真题及标准答案doc
2015英语专业八级听力第一部分MINI-LECTURELISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREUnderstanding Academic LecturesListening to academic lectures is an important task fro university students.Then, how can we comprehend a lecture efficiently?I.Understand all (1) ______________A.wordsB.(2) ______________-stress-intonation-(3) ______________II. Adding informationA.lecturers: sharing information with audienceB.listeners: (4) ______________C.sources of information-knowledge of (5) ______________-(6) ______________ of the worldD. listening involving three steps:-hearing-(7) ______________-addingIII. (8) ______________A.reasons:-overcome noise-save timeB. (9) ______________-content-organizationIV. Evaluating while listeningA.helps to decide the (10) ______________ of notesB.helps to remember information答案：1. parts of meanings 2. sound/vocal features 3. rhythm 4. absorbing 5. subject 6. experience 7. reinterpreting 8. prediction 9. what to listen 10. Importance20152014ANSWER SHEET 1 (TEM8)PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION SECTION A MINI-LECTUREHow to Reduce StressLife is full of things that cause us stress. Though we may not like stress, we have to live with it.I. Definition of stress A. (1) reaction (1) physical i.e. force exerted between two touching bodies B. human reactioni.e. response to (2) on someone (2) a demand e.g. increase in breathing, heart rate, (3) (3) blood pressure or muscle tensionII. (4) (4) Category of stress A. positive stress—where it occurs: Christmas, wedding, (5) (5) a job B. negative stress—where it occurs: test-taking situations, friend’s death III. Ways to cope with stress A. recognition of stress signals—monitor for (6) of stress (6) signals —find ways to protect oneself B. attention to body demand—effect of (7) (7) exercise and nutrition C. planning and acting appropriately —reason for planning —(8) of planning (8) result D. learning to (9) (9) accept —e.g. delay caused by traffic E. pacing activities—manageable task —(10) (10) reasonable speed2013SECTION A MINI-LECTUREWhat Do Active Learners Do?There are difference between active learning and passive learning.Characteristics of active learners:I. reading with purposesA. before reading: setting goalsB. while reading: (1) ________II. (2) ______ and critical in thinkingi.e. information processing, e.g.-- connections between the known and the new information-- identification of (3) ______ concepts-- judgment on the value of (4) _____.III. active in listeningA. ways of note-taking: (5) _______.B. before note-taking: listening and thinkingIV. being able to get assistanceA. reason 1: knowing comprehension problems because of (6) ______.B. Reason 2: being able to predict study difficultiesV. being able to question informationA. question what they read or hearB. evaluate and (7) ______.VI. Last characteristicA. attitude toward responsibility-- active learners: accept-- passive learners: (8) _______B. attitude toward (9) ______-- active learners: evaluate and change behaviour-- passive learners: no change in approachRelationship between skill and will: will is more important in (10) ______.Lack of will leads to difficulty in college learning.参考答案：1. checking their understanding2. reflective on information3. incomprehensible4. what you read5. organized6. monitoring their understanding7. differentiate8. blame9. performance10. active learningSection A Mini-lecture或者1、checking understanding。
2015年英语专八真题及答案
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2015)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 115 MIN PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN] SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is(are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C, and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions.Now, listen to Part One of the interview.1. A. Satisfying. B. Not good enough. C. Dissatisfying. D. Extremely bad.2. A. We should create more jobs for university students.B. We should encourage state school pupils to apply universities.C. We should give more money to schools.D. We should give people opportunity schools.3. A. Doing what they have promised to schools.B. Creating opportunities for leading universities.C. Considering removing barriers for state school pupils.D. Reducing opportunities for state school pupils.4. A. It increases from 1/8 to 1/3. B. It increases from 1/8 to 1/6.C. It increases from 1% to 4. 5%.D. It increases from 1% to 3.5%.5. A. Universities are not working hard to accept state school pupils.B. The number of state pupils applying to Oxford fails to increase.C. The government has lowered state pupils’ expectations.D. Leading universities are rejecting state school pupils.Now, listen to Part Two of the interview.6. A. Schools should be given more funding from education authorities.B. Schools should be given all the money and decide how to spend it.C. Schools should be granted greater power to run themselves.D. Schools should be given more opportunities and choices.7. A. 85 pence in a pound will go to the schools.B. Every pound will be spent in schools.C. Most money is spent on schools, others for bureaucracy.D. Local education authorities should decide money allocation.8. A. Because money investment should be originally owned by schools.B. Because know what s in the interest of their pupils.C. Because the government also wants the money to go to schools.D. Because schools are in a situation of lacking money.9. A. Local education authorities and the central government.B. Local education authorities and secondary schools together.C. Local education authorities only.D. The central government only.10. A. Ask for clarification. B. Challenge the interviewee.C. Support the interviewee.D. Initiate topics.PART II READING COMPREHENSION [45 MIN] SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONEIn 2011, many shoppers opted to avoid the frantic crowds and do their holiday shopping from the comfort of their computer Sales at online retailers gained by more than 15%, making it the biggest season ever. But people are also returning those purchases at record rates, up 8% from last year.What went wrong? Is the lingering shadow of the global financial crisis making it harder to accept extravagant indulgences? Or that people shop more impulsively—and therefore make bad decisions—when online? Both arguments are plausible. However, there is a third factor: a question of touch. We can love the look but, in an online environment, we cannot feel the quality of a texture, the shape of the fit, the fall of a fold or the weight of an earring. And physically interacting with an object makes you more committed to your purchase.When my most recent book Brandwashed was released, I teamed up with a local bookstore to conduct an experiment about the differences between the online and offline shopping. I carefully instructed a group of volunteers to promote my book in two different ways. The first was a fairly hands-off approach. Whenever a customer would inquire about my book, the volunteer would take them over to the shelf and point to it. Out of 20 such requests, six customers proceeded with the purchase.The second option also involved going over to the shelf but, this time, removing the book and then subtly holding onto it for just an extra moment before placing it in the customer’s hands. Of the 20 people who were handed the book. 13 ended up buying it. Just physically passing the book showed a big difference in sales. Why? We feel something similar to a sense of ownership when we hold things in our hand. That’s why we establish or reestablish connection by greeting strangers and friends with ahandshake. In this case, having to then let go of the book after holding it might generate a subtle sense of loss, and motivate us to make the purchase even more.A recent study conducted by Bangor University together with the United Kingdom’s Royal Mail service also revealed the power of touch, in this case when it came to snail mail. A deeper and longer-lasting impression of a message was formed when delivered in a letter, as opposed to receiving the same message online. FMRLs (功能性磁共振成像) showed that, on touching the paper, the emotional center of the brain was activated, thus forming a stronger bond. The study also indicated that once touch becomes part of the process, it could translate into a sense of possession. In other words, we simply feel more committed to possess and thus buy an item when we’ve first touched it. This sense of ownership is simply not part of the equation in the online shopping experience.As the rituals of purchase in the lead-up to Christmas change, not only do we give less thought to the type of gifts we buy for our loved ones but, through our own digital wish lists, we increasingly control what they buy for us. The reality, however, is that no matter how convinced we all are that digital is the way to go, finding real satisfaction will probably take more than a few simple clicks.11. A ccording to the author, shoppers are returning their purchases for all the following reasons EXCEPTthat ___________.A. they are unsatisfied with the quality of the purchaseB. they eventually find the purchase too expensiveC. they change their mind out of uncertaintyD. they regret making the purchase without forethought12. W hy does the author cite the study by Bangor University and the Royal Mail Service?A. To compare similar responses in different settings.B. To provide further evidence for his own observation.C. To offer a scientific account of the brain’s functions.D. To describe emotional responses in online shopping.13. W hat can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. Real satisfaction depends on factors other than the computer.B. Despite online shopping we still attach importance to gift buying.C. Some people are still uncertain about the digital age.D. Online shopping offers real satisfaction to shoppers.PASSAGE TWOMy professor brother and I have an argument about head and heart, about whether he overvalues IQ while I learn more toward EQ. We typically have this debate about people—can you be friends with a really smart jerk (怪物)?—but there’s corollary to animals as well. I’d love it if our dog could fetch the morning paper and then read it to me over coffee, but I actually care much more about her loyal and innocent heart There’s already enough thinking going on is our house, and we probably spend too much time in our heads. Where we need some role modeling is in instinct, and that’s where a dog is a roving revelation.I did not grow up with dogs, which meant that my older daughter’s respectful but unyielding determination to get one required some adjustment on my part. I often felt she was training me: from ages of 6 to 9, she gently schooled me in various breeds and their personalities, whispered to the dogs we encountered so they would charm and persuade me, demonstrated by her self-discipline that she wasready for the responsibility. And thus came our dog Twist, whom I sometimes mistake for a third daughter.At first I thought the challenge would be to train her to sit, to heel, to walk calmly beside us and not go wildly chasing the neighbourhood rabbits. But I soon discovered how much more we had to learn from her than she from us.If it is true, for example, that the secret to a child’s success is less rare genius than raw persistence, Twist’s ability to stay on task is a model for us all, especially if the task is trying to capture the sunbeam that flicks around the living room as the wind blows through the branches outside. She never succeeds, and she never gives up. This includes when she runs square into walls.Then there is her unfailing patience, which breaks down only when she senses that dinnertime was 15 minutes ago and we have somehow failed to notice. Even then she is more eager than indignant, and her refusal to whine shows a restraint of which I’m not always capable when hungry.But the lesson I value most is the one in forgiveness, and Twist first offered this when she was still very young. When she was about 7 months old, we took her to the vet to be sprayed (切除卵巢). We turned her over to a stranger, who proceeded to perform a procedure that was probably not pleasant. But when the vet returned her to us, limp and tender, there was no recrimination (反责)，no How could you do that to me? It was as though she really knew that we could not intentionally cause her pain, and while she did not understand, she forgave and curled up with her head on my daughter’s lap.I suppose we could have concluded that she was just blindly loyal and docile. But eventually we knew better. She is entirely capable of disobedience, as she has proved many times. She will ignore us when there are more interesting things to look at, rebuke us when we are careless, bark into the twilight when she has urgent messages to send. But her patience with our failings and fickleness and her willingness to give us a second chance are a daily lesson in gratitude.My friends who grew up with dogs tell me how when they were teenagers and trusted no one in the world, they could tell their dog all their secrets. It was the one friend who would not gossip or betray, could provide in the middle of the night the soft, unbegrudging comfort and peace that adolescence conspires to disrupt. An age that is all about growth and risk needs some anchors and weights, a model of steadfastness when all else is in flux. Sometimes I think Twist’s devotion keeps my girls on a benevolent leash, one that hangs quietly at their side as they trot along but occasionally yanks them back to safety and solid ground.We’ve weighed so many decisions so carefully in raising our daughters—what school to send them to and what church to attend, when to give them cell phones and with what precautions. But when it comes to what really shapes their character and binds our family, I never would have thought we would owe so much to its smallest member.14. I n the first paragraph, the author suggests that ____________.A. a person can either have a high IQ or a low EQB. her professor brother cares too much about IQC. we need examples of how to follow one’s heartD. she prefers dogs that are clever and loyal15. A ccording to the passage, all the following are Twist’s characteristics EXCEPT ____________.A. resignationB. patienceC. forgivenessD. tenacity16. T hat Twist’s devotion keeps my girls on a benevolent leash means that ____________.A. Twist is capable of looking after the girlsB. Twist and the girls have become friendsC. Twist knows how to follow the girlsD. Twist’s loyalty helps the girls grow up17. W hat does the author try to express in the last paragraph?A. Difficulties in raising her children.B. Worries about what to buy for kids.C. Gratitude to Twist for her role.D. Concerns about schooling and religion. PASSAGE THREEMost West African lorries ate not in what one would call the first flush of youth, and I had learnt by bitter experience not to expect anything very much of them. But the lorry that arrived to take me up to the mountains was worse than anything I had seen before: it tottered on the borders of senile decay. It stood there on buckled wheels, wheezing and gasping with exhaustion from having to climb up the gentle slope to the camp, and I consigned myself and my loads to it with some fear The driver, who was a cheerful fellow, pointed out that he would require my assistance in two very necessary operations: first, I had to keep the hand brake pressed down when travelling downhill, for unless it was held thus almost level with the floor it sullenly refused to function. Secondly, I had to keep a stern eye on the clutch, a willful piece of mechanism that seized every chance to leap out of its socket with a noise like a strangling leopard. As it was obvious that not even a West African lorry-driver could be successful in driving while crouched under the dashboard, I had to take over control of these instruments if I valued my life. So, while I ducked at intervals to put on the brake, amid the rich smell of burning rubber, our noble lorry jerked its way towards the mountains at a steady twenty miles per hour, sometimes, when a downward slope favoured it, it threw caution to the winds and careered (猛冲) along in a madcap fashion at twenty-five.For the first thirty miles the red earth road wound its way through the lowland forest, the giant trees standing in solid ranks alongside and their branches entwined (盘绕) in an archway of leaves above us. Slowly and almost imperceptibly the road started to climb upwards, looping its way in languid curves round the forested hills. In the back of the lorry the boys lifted up their voices in song: Home again, home again,When shall I see ma home?The driver hummed the refrain (副歌) softly to himself glancing at me to see if I would object. To his surprise I joined in and so while the lorry rolled onwards, the boys in the back maintained the chorus while the driver and I harmonized and sang complicated twiddly bits.Breaks in the forest became more frequent the higher we climbed, and presently a new type of undergrowth began to appear: massive tree-ferns standing at the roadside on their thick, squat, hairy trunks. These ferns were the guardians of a new world, for suddenly, as though the hills had shrugged themselves free of a cloak, the forest disappeared. It lay behind us in the valley, while above us the hillside rose majestically, covered in a coat of waist-high grass. The lorry crept higher and higher, the engine gasping and shuddering with this unaccustomed activity. I began to think that we should have to push the wretched thing up the last two or three hundred feet, but to everyone’s surprise we made it, and the lorry crept on to the brow of the hill, trembling with fatigue, spouting steam from its radiator like a dying whale. We crawled to a standstill and the driver switched off the engine.“We must wait small-time, engine get hot,” he explained, pointing to the forequarters of the lorry, which were by now completely invisible under a cloud of steam. Thankfully I descended from the red-hot inside of the cab and strolled down to where the road dipped into the next valley. From this vantage pointI could see the country we had travelled through and the country we were about to enter.18. W hich of the following words in the first paragraph is used literally?A. Flush.B. Borders.C. Operations.D. Gasping.19. W e learn from the first paragraph that the author regards the inadequacies of the lory as _________.A. inevitable and amusingB. dangerous and frighteningC. novel and unexpectedD. welcome and interesting20. A ll the following words in the last but one paragraph describe the lorry as a human EXCEPT___________.A. tremblingB. spoutingC. shudderingD. crept21. A suitable title for the passage would be ____________.A. A journey that scared meB. A journey to rememberC. The wild West African lorryD. A comic journey in West AfricaPASSAGE FOURHave you ever noticed a certain similarity in public parks and back gardens in the cities of the West?A ubiquitous woodland mix of lawn grasses and trees has found its way throughout Europe and the United States, and it’s now spread to other cities around the world. As ecologist Peter Groffman has noted, it’s increasingly difficult to tell one suburb apart from another, even when they’re located in vastly different climates such as Phoenix, Arizona, or Boston in the much chillier north-east of the US. And why do parks in New Zealand often feature the same species of trees that grow on the other side of the world in the UK?Inspired by the English and New England countrysides, early landscape architects of the 19th century created an aesthetic for urban public and private open space that persists to this day. But in the 21st century, urban green space is tasked with doing far more than simply providing aesthetic appeal. From natural systems to deal with surface water run-off and pollution to green corridors to increasing interest in urban food production, the urban parks of the future will be designed and engineered for functionality as well as for beauty.Imagine travelling among the cities of the mid-21st century and finding a unique set of urban landscapes that capture local beauty, natural and cultural history, and the environmental context. They are tuned to their locality, and diverse within as well as across cities. There are patches that provide shade and cooling, places of local food production, and corridors that connect both residents and wildlife to the surrounding native environment. Their functions are measured and monitored to meet the unique needs of each city for food production, water use, nutrient recycling, and habitat. No two green spaces are quite the same.Planners are already starting to work towards this vision. And if this movement has a buzzword it is “hyper functionality”—designs which provide multiple uses in a confined space. At the moment, urban landscapes are highly managed and limited in their spatial extent. Even the “green” cities of the future will contain extensive areas of buildings, roads, railways, and other built structures. These future cities are likely to contain a higher proportion of green cover than the cities of today, with an increasing focus on planting on roofs, vertical walls, and surfaces like car parks. But built environments will still be ever-present in dense megacities. We can greatly enhance the utility of green space through designs that provide a range of different uses in a confined space. A hyper-functional planting, for example, might be designed to provide food, shade, wildlife habitat, and pollution removal all in the same garden with the right choice of plants and management practices.What this means is that we have to maximise the benefits and uses of urban parks, while minimizing the costs of building and maintaining them. Currently, green space and street plantings are relativelysimilar throughout the Western world, regardless of differences in local climate, geography, and natural history. Even desert cities feature the same sizable street trees and well-watered and well-fertilized lawns that you might see in more temperate climes. The movement to reduce the resources and water requirements of such urban landscapes in these arid areas is called “xeriscaping”—a concept that has so-far received mixed responses in terms of public acceptance. Scott Y abiku and colleagues at the Central Arizona Phoenix project showed that newcomers to the desert embrace xeriscaping more than long-time residents, who are more likely to prefer the well-watered aesthetic. In part, this may be because xeriscaping is justified more by reducing landscaping costs—in this case water costs—than by providing desired benefits like recreation, pollution mitigation, and cultural value. From this perspective, xeriscaping can seem more like a compromise than an asset.But there are other ways to make our parks and natural spaces do more. Nan Ellin, of the Ecological Planning Center in the US, advocates an asset-based approach to urbanism. Instead of envisioning cities in terms what they can’t have, ecological planners are beg inning to frame the discussion of future cities in terms of what they do have—their natural and cultural assets. In Utah’s Salt Lake City, instead of couching environmental planning as an issue of resource scarcity, the future park is described as “mountain urbanism”and the strong association of local residents with the natural environment of the mountain ranges near their home. From this starting point, the local climate, vegetation, patterns of rain and snowfall, and mountain topography are all deemed natural assets that create a new perspective when it comes to creating urban green space. In Cairns, Australia, the local master plan embraces “tropical urbanism”that conveys a sense of place through landscaping features, while also providing important functions such as shading and cooling in this tropical climate.The globally homogenized landscape aesthetic—which sees parks from Boston to Brisbane looking worryingly similar—will diminish in importance as future urban green space will be attuned to local values and cultural perceptions of beauty. This will lead to a far greater diversity of urban landscape designs than are apparent today. Already, we are seeing new purposes for urban landscaping that are transforming the 20th century woodland park into bioswales—plantings designed to filter stormwater—green roofs, wildlife corridors, and urban food gardens. However, until recently we have been lacking the datasets and science-based specifications for designs that work to serve all of these purposes at once.In New Y ork City, Thomas Whitlow of Cornell University sends students through tree- lined streets with portable, backpack-mounted air quality monitors. At home in his laboratory, he places tree branches in wind tunnels to measure pollution deposition onto leaves. It turns out that currently, many street tree plantings are ineffective at removing air pollutants, and instead may trap pollutants near the ground. Rather than relying on assumptions about the role of urban vegetation in improving the environment and health, future landscaping designs will be engineered based on empirical data and state of the art of simulations.New datasets on the performance of urban landscapes are changing our view of what future urban parks will look like and what it will do. With precise measurements of pollutant uptake, water use, plant growth rates, and greenhouse gas emissions, we’re better and better able to design landscapes that require less intensive management and are less costly, while providing more social and environmental uses.22. T he following are all features of future urban green space EXCEPT that ____________.A. each city has its distinct style of urban green spaceB. urban landscape will focus more on cultural historyC. urban green space will be designed to serve many usesD. more green cover will be seen on city roofs and walls23. A ccording to the passage, if planners adopt an asset-based approach, they will probably ________.A. incorporate the area’s natural and cultural heritage into their designB. make careful estimation of the area s natural resources before designingC. combine natural resources and practical functions in their designD. envision more purposes for urban landscaping in their design24. A ccording to the passage, future landscaping designs will rely more on ____________.A. human assumptionsB. field workC. scientific estimationD. laboratory workSECTION B SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short-answer questions based on the passages in SECTION A. Answer each question in NO more than 10 words in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE25. What is the purpose of the experiment in the bookstore?PASSAGE TWO26. According to the context, what does the word “square” mean?PASSAGE THREE27. What can we learn about the condition of the lorry from “it tottered on the borders of senile decay”?28. How did the author help the lorry driver on the way?29. How did the author feel when helping the lorry driver?PASSAGE FOUR30. According to the passage, what makes urban green space look similar throughout the West?31. Why are some local residents opposed to “xeriscaping”?32. What did Thomas Whitlow of Cornell University find out about tree branches?PART III LANGUAGE USAGE [15 MIN] The passage contains Ten errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way: For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct onein the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧”sign and write the word you believe to be missingin the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash “ / ” and putthe word in the blank provided at the end of the line. EXAMPLEWhen ∧art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) anit never buys things in finished form and hangs (2) never them on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibitProofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET THREE as instructed.PART IV TRANSLATION [25 MIN] Translate the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.茶花(camellia)的自然花期在12月至翌年4月，以红色系为主，另有黄色系和白色系等，花色艳丽。
2015专八真题
2015专⼋真题2015专⼋真题TEXT A11. A the family structure12. B English working clahomes have spacious sitting rooms13. C stark14. A togetherness15. B constant pressure from the stateTEXT B16. A it further explains high-tech hubris17. B slow growth of the US economy18. A integrated the use of pa-pe-r and the digital form19. C more digital data use leads to greater pa-pe-r use20. A he review the situation from different perspectivesTEXT C21. D because Britons are still conscious of their clastatus22. D income is unimportant in determining which claone belongs to23. C Occupation and claare no longer related to each other24. C fewer types of work25. A showing modestyTEXD D26. D awkwardness27. B luxurious28. A they the couple as an object of fun29. C sweeping over the horizon, a precipice30. B the couple feel ill at easeFrom a very early age, perhaps the age of five or six, I knew that when I grew up I should be a writer. Between the ages of about seventeen and twenty-four I tried to abandon this idea, but I did so with the consciousness that I was outraging my true nature and that sooner or later I should have to settle down and write books.I was the middle child of three, but there was a gap of five years on either side, and I barely saw my father before I was eight. For this and other reasons I was somewhat lonely, and I soon developed disagreeable mannerisms which made me unpopular throughout my schooldays.I had the lonely child's habit of ma-ki-ng up stories and holding conversations with imaginary persons, and I think from the very start my literaryambitions were mixed up with the feeling of being isolated and undervalued. I knew that I had a facility with words and a power of facing unpleasant facts, and I felt that this created a sort of private world in which I could get my own back for my failure in everyday life. Nevertheless the volume of serious — i.e. seriously intended — writing which I produced all through my childhood and boyhood would not amount to half a dozen pages. I wrote my first poem at the age of four or five, my mother taking it down to dictation.2015年专⼋真题参考答案改错部分（思版）1. grew 后加 up2. conscience 改成 consciousness3. soon 改成 sooner4. the 去掉5. disagreeing 改成 disagreeable6. imaginative 改成 imaginary7. literal 改成 literary8. in 去掉9. which 前加 in10. Therefore, 改成 Nevertheless原⽂出处：Why I Write by George OrwellFrom a very early age, perhaps the age of five or six, I knew that when I grew up I should be a writer. Between the ages of about seventeen and twenty-four I tried to abandon this idea, but I did so with the consciousnethat I was outraging my true nature and that sooner or later I should have to settle down and write books.I was the middle child of three, but there was a gap of five years on either side, and I barely saw my father before I was eight. For this and other reasons I was somewhat lonely, and I soon developed disagreeable mannerisms which made me unpopular throughout my schooldays.I had the lonely child's habit of ma-ki-ng up stories and holding conversations with imaginary persons, and I think from the very start my literary ambitions were mixed up with the feeling of being isolated and undervalued. I knew that I had a facility with words and a power of facing unpleasant facts, and I felt that this created a sort of private world in which I could get my own back for my failure in everyday life. Neverthelethe volume of serious — i.e. seriously intended — writing which I produced all through my childhood and boyhood would not amount to half a dozen pages. I wrote my first poem at the age of four or five, my mother taking it down to dictation. I cannot remember anything about it except that it was about a tiger and the tiger had ‘chair-like teeth’ — a good enough phrase, but I fancy the poem was a plagiarism of Blake's ‘Tiger, Tiger’. At eleven, when the war or 1914-18 broke out, I wrote a patriotic poem which was printed in the local newspa-pe-r, as was another, two years later, on the death of Kitchener. From time to time, when I was a bit older, I wrote bad and usually unfinished ‘nature poems’ in the Georgian style. I also attempted a short story which was a ghastly failure. That was the total of the would-be serious work that I actually set down on pa-pe-r during all those years.However, throughout this time I did in a sense engage in literary activities. To begin with there was the made-to-order stuff which I produced quickly, easily and without much pleasure to myself. Apart from school work, I wrote vers d'occasion, semi-comic poems which I could turn out at what now seems to me astonishing speed — at fourteen I wrote a whole rhyming play, in imitation of Aristophanes, in about a week — and helped to edit a school magazines, both printed and in manuscript. These magazines were the most pitiful burlesque stuff that you could imagine, and I took far letrouble with them than I now would with the cheapest journalism. But side by side with all this, for fifteen years or more, I was carrying out a literary exercise of a quite different kind: this was the ma-ki-ng up of a continuous ‘story’ about myself, a sort of diary existing only in the mind. I believe this is a common habit of children and adolescents. As a very small child I used to imagine that I was, say, Robin Hood, and picture myself as the hero of thrilling adventures, but quite soon my ‘story’ ceased to be narcissistic in a crude way and became more and more a mere description of what I was doing and the things I saw. For minutes at a time this kind of thing would be runningthrough my head: ‘He pushed the door open and entered the room. A yellow beam of sunlight, filtering through the muslin curtains, slanted on to the table, where a match-box, half-open, lay beside the inkpot. With his right hand in his pocket he moved acroto the window. Down in the street a tortoiseshell cat was chasing a dead leaf’, etc. etc. This habit continued until I was about twenty-five, right through my non-literary years. Although I had to search, and did search, for the right words, I seemed to be ma-ki-ng this descriptive effort almost against my will, under a kind of compulsion from outside. The ‘story’ must, I suppose, have reflected the styles of the various writers I admired at different ages, but so far as I remember it always had the same meticulous descriptive quality.When I was about sixteen I suddenly discovered the joy of mere words, i.e. the sounds and associations of words. The lines from Paradise Lost —So hee with difficulty and labour hardMoved on: with difficulty and labour hee.which do not now seem to me so very wonderful, sent shivers down my backbone; and the spelling ‘hee’ for ‘he’ was an added pleasure. As for the need to describe things, I knew all about it already. So it is clear what kind of books I wanted to write, in so far as I could be said to want to write books at that time. I wanted to write enormous naturalistic novels with unhappy endings, full of detailed descriptions and arresting similes, and also full of purple passages in which words were used partly for the sake of their own sound. And in fact my first completed novel, Burmese Days, which I wrote when I was thirty but projected much earlier, is rather that kind of book.I give all this background information because I do not think one can assea writer's motives without knowing something of his early development. His subject matter will be determined by the age he lives in — at least this is true in tumultuous, revolutionary ages like our own — but before he ever begins to write he will have acquired an emotional attitude from which he will never completely escape. It is his job, no doubt, to discipline his temperament and avoid getting stuck at some immature stage, in some perverse mood; but if he escapes from his early influences altogether, he will have killed his impulse to write. Putting aside the need to earn a living, I think there are four great motives for writing, at any rate for writing prose. They exist in different degrees in every writer, and in any one writer the proportions will vary from time to time, according to the atmosphere in which he is living. They are:【2015专⼋真题】。
最新【星火英语版】专八考试参考答案(写作+翻译)
【星火英语版】2015年英语专业八级真题参考答案（翻译+写作部分）Section A Chinese to English原文呈现参考译文茶花（camellia）的自然花期在12月至翌年4月，以红色系为主，另有黄色系和白色系等，花色艳丽。
本届花展充分展示了茶花的品种资源和科研水平，是近三年来本市规模最大的一届茶花展。
为了使广大植物爱好者有更多与茶花亲密接触的机会，本届茶花展的布展范围延伸至整个园区，为赏花游客带来便利。
此次茶花展历时2个月，展期内200多个茶花品种将陆续亮相。
Camellia’s flowering period starts from December and ends in the next April，and the colors of the flowers are bright and showy with red in majority, yellow, white and other colors in minority. It’s the city’s largest camellia show in recent three years, which fully displays camellia’s various species as well as human’s scientific research level of it. In order to provide the majority of plant-lovers with more opportunities to closely appreciate the beauty of camellia, the area of the Camellia Show is extended to the whole garden so that it can bring more convenience for the visitors.The Camellia Show takes over two months, in which more than 200 various camellias will be presented successively.Section B English to Chinese原文呈现 参考译文At its heart, psycholinguistic work consists of two questions. One is, What knowledge of language is needed for us to use language? In a sense, we must know a language to use it, but we are not always fully aware of this knowledge. A distinction may be drawn between tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge. Tacit knowledge refers to the knowledge of how to perform various acts, whereas explicit knowledge refers to the knowledge of the processes or mechanisms used in these acts. We sometimes know how to do something without knowing how we do it. For instance, a baseball pitcher (投手) might know how to throw a baseball 90 miles an hour but might have little or no explicit knowledge of the muscle groups that are involved in this act. Similarly, we may distinguish between knowing how to speak and knowing what processes are involved in producing speech. Generally speaking, much of our linguistic knowledge is tacit rather than explicit.心理语言学的研究包括两个核心问题。
2015年专八写作真题及两篇范文
2015年专⼋写作真题及两篇范⽂TEM 8 2015 WritingThere has been a new trend in economic activity- the sharing economy. The biggest sector of the sharing economy is travel. You find a potential host through a website. If you both get along and they are available during your planned trip, you stand a chance of getting a place for free. In addition, people also use website and apps to rent out their cars, houses, tools, clothes and services to one another. Time magazine has included this trend in a list titled “10 ideas that will change the world.” It said, “In an era when families are scattered and we may not know the people down the street, sharing things-even with strangers we’ve met just online-allow us to make meaningful connections.” What do you think of Time’s comment?Write your essay of about 400 words for the following topic:My Views on the Sharing EconomyIn the first part you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second you should support your argument with appropriate details, in the last part you should bring what you’ve written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.Outline:My views on the sharing economyⅠThesis:The sharing economy plays an important part in modern societyⅡ ArgumentsA:It helps people make good use of resources.B:The rose's in her hand,the flavor in mine.C:People can make more friends by it.ⅢSummary:We can take an active part in the sharing economy and take good advantage of it.范⽂⼀My Views on the Sharing EconomyThe sharing economy has been a new trend in economic activities.Many people benefit a lot through it while different people hold different opinions toward the new topic.On my personal note,with the development of the modern society and economy,the sharing economy plays an important part nowadays.My reasons are as follows.First of all,it helps people make good use of resources.As we all know,the owners can share their available bargains with people who need for free or rent their unused things to one another.It can make sure that many things can be used for as many times as possible instead of being abandoned in the corner.Secondly,as the old saying goes:"The rose's in her hand,the flavor in mine."The sharing economy is just like the rose,it is the bridge between owners and recipients and offers a brand new way t o help others and the owners will receive happiness at the same time.When one release the notethat he need a place to stay for some time,the one who can offer him will contact him and they both can get what they want.Last but not least,people can make more friends through this.By chatting or negotiating online,two strangers can become familiar with each other and make meaningful connections.For example,if you plan to travel and you find the man who are willing to offer you a place to stay,you will share your journey with him or her,then you may find you two have similar outlooks on life or other similarities.You may even keep in touch with each other for a long time after the bargain.In summary,as the Times magazine comments,the sharing economy is becoming one of 10 ideas that change the world.It brings much convenience in our daily life.From my point of view,we can take an active part in the sharing economy and take full advantage of it.（304 words）范⽂⼆，My Views on the Sharing EconomyThe sharing economy refers to the economic pattern in which people share access to resources, such as goods, services and data. This newly emerging trend would be impossible without the development oftechnology. It is the Internet that makes the sharing cheaper and easier and helps to strike a balance between supply and demand. Time magazine has listed the sharing economy as one of the “10 ideas that will change the world”. As far as the comment is concerned,I cannot agree with Time more⾮常同意.As one of the greatest benefits of the digital age, the sharing economy arises from our oldest instinct as human beings. There is always an urge for us to connect with others, especially in an era when families are scattered and we do not really know the people who live nearby. It has been said that “Joys shared with others are more enjoyed.”However, in my eyes, the resources shared with others are more beneficial to our society.On the one hand, sharing economy leads to a more efficient use of resources. Some items are expensive to buy but widely owned by people who do not make the best use of them. Occasional sharing may provide extra income for the owners and can be less costly for the borrowers. If managed well, a win-win situation is achieved for both parties in the process. Besides, sharing economy contributes to environmental protection. Take accommodation for example. The more hotels are built, the more resources are required, which might in turn result in a decrease in arable land and public green space. On the other hand, the transaction 交易cost is reduced due to the use of Internet and various apps. With asmart phone in your hand, it is not difficult to find a potential host in the neighboring area. People are meeting increasingly on screens, discussing online and purchasing goods domestic and overseas, paying through Internet payment system.To summarize, although the sharing economy is not perfect at present because of concerns in insurance, legal liability, safety and the like, I believe, quite firmly, that it represents the future trend and has the power to change the world for the convenience and flexibility it brings to us. Just as the old Chinese saying goes, the defects cannot obscure掩盖the virtues of a splendid jad e瑕不掩瑜, and I assume it also applies to the sharing economy.（400 words）。
2015年12月专八口语口译含参考答案
Speech of an international CEO at the provincial level forum in chinaDistinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen,It is a great honor to be invited to speak at this forum of international development. As one of the first international retail enterprises that have settled in this province, we have set up 4 joint ventures with a total investment of rmb 3.5 billion yuan, and moreover, we have opened over 20 large-scale supermarkets in the major cities, last year we launched a plan to support small and medium suppliers in the province aiming to bring solutions to the suppliers, including standard commercial operations, up to date marketing concepts and strong communications, we offer them free consultation, including the customers’ needs, lay-out of products, flow of funds, and market feed back. Meanwhile, we demand they produce high quality products, with our help, many small and medium suppliers have found new solutions and increased their sales, in addition, we have just started a new plan with our suppliers at a recent conference, this plan gain extensive applause from these suppliers,In this second half of the year, we will provide guarantee for suppliers who want to obtain loans or financing, helping them to overcome the shortage of funds due to the global financial crises, at present, we are negotiating with various commercial banks, trying to persuade them to expand better financial channels for our suppliers.On the 8th of this month, we organized the win win day for partners, the event had two topics, one was direct purchase and the other was medium and small food processing companies, both projects are essential for us in china, we hope professional trainings and business seminars and expect to help local suppliers to be more aware of food safety issues to complete the innovation of products and technology, and to provide more products which meet the market demand.After 12 years’ cooperation and development in china, we will as always go forward hand in hand with the development of this province, making more contributions to its prosperous market to have a harmonious commercial environment in china, and to this sustainable development of Chinese economy.中国国家旅游局官员在第六届丝绸之路国际大会开幕式上的致辞尊敬的各位来宾，女士们，先生们，上午好！很高兴与大家相聚在古老而美丽的敦煌，共同出席联合国旅游世界组织第六届丝绸之路国际大会，我谨代表中国国家旅游局对大会召开表示热烈祝贺，对远道而来的各位嘉宾表示诚挚欢迎。
专八20032015年人文知识真题及答案
2003年英语专八人文知识真题31.is not a n atio nally observed holiday of America.[A] Christmas [B] Easter Sunday [C] Tha nksgivi ng Day [D] Independence Day32.The uni versity of Dubli n was not foun ded un til .[A] the 19th cen tury [B] the 18th cen tury [C] the 17th cen tury [D] the 16th cen tury33.The in troduced old-age pensions in New Zeala nd in 1898.[A] Labor Party [B] Democratic Party [C] Liberal Party [D] Con servative Party34.Irish culture exp erie need a golde n age from to .[A] the eighth cen tury, the eleve nth cen tury [B] the seve nth cen tury, the ninth century[C] the sixth cen tury, the eighth cen tury [D] the ?fth cen tury, the seve nth cen tury35.Which of the follow ing writ ings is not the work by Charles Dicke ns?[A] A Tale of Two Cities [B] Hard Times[C] Oliver Twist [D] Sons and Lovers36.is a dramatist who holds the central position in American drama the moder ni stic p eriod.[A] Si nclair Lewis [B] Euge ne O'Neill [C] Arthur Miller [D] Tenn essee Williams37.is often acclaimed literary sp okesma n of the Jazz Age.[A] Ernest Hemi ngway [B] F. Scott Fitzgerald [C] William Faulk ner [D] Ezra Pou nd38.is a relati onship in which a word of a certa in class determ ines the form of others in terms of certa in categories.[A] Con cord [B] Immediate con stitue nt[C] Syn tagmatic relatio ns [D] Gover nment39.studies the sound systems in a certa in Ian guage.[A] Pho netics [B] Phon ology [C] Sema ntics [D] P ragmatics40.A lin guistic situati on in which two sta ndard Ian guages are used either by an in dividual or by a group of sp eakers is called .[A] situati onal dialect [B] sla ng [C] li nguistic taboo [D] bil in gualism2004年英语专八人文知识真题31.The followi ng are p roducts imp orted by Australia from Ch ina EXCE PT .[A] food [B] textiles [C] steel p roducts [D] electro nics32.Scots regard as the most imp orta nt festival in a year.[A] Near Year's Day [B] Christmas Day [C] New Year's Eve [D] Easter33.The republican movement has been gathering momentum in Australia since became P rime Mi nister in 1992.[A] Joh n Howard [B] Bob Hawke [C] Malcolm Fraser [D] Paul Keat ing34.was known for his famous sp eech "I have a dream".[A] Joh n F. Kennedy [B] Marti n Luther Kin g, Jr[C] Abraham Li ncoln [D] Thomas Jeffers on35.Of all the 18th century novelists, ___________ was the first to set out, both intheory and practice, to write specifically a "comic epic in prose", and the first to give the moder n novel its structure and style.[A] Daniel Defoe [B] Samuel Joh nson[C] Oliver Goldsmith [D] He nry Feildi ng36.Mark Twain, one of the greatest 19th cen tury America n writers, is well known for his .[A] international theme [B] waste-land imagery[C] local color [D] symbolism37.Hemingway's writing style, together with his theme and the hero, is greatly and permanently influenced by his experiences .[A] in his childhood [B] in the war [C] in America [D] in Africa38.English consonants can be classified into stops, fricatives, nasals, etc. in terms of .[A] manner of articulation [B] openness of mouth[C] place of articulation [D] voicing39.Which of the following words can correct two clauses in a coordinate sentence?[A] Through. [B] When. [C] But. [D] If.40.is the smallest unit of language in terms of relationship between expression and content.[A] Word [B] Morpheme [C] Allomorph [D] Root2005 年英语专八人文知识真题31.is the capital of Canada.[A] Vancouver [B] Ottawa [C] Montreal [D] York32.U.S. presidents normally serve a (n) term.[A] two-year [B] four-year [C] six-year [D] eight-year33.Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S.?[A] Huston. [B] Boston. [C]Baltimore. [D] Philadelphia.34.is the state church in England.[A] The Roman Catholic Church [B] The Baptist Church[C] The Protestant Church [D] The Church of England35.The novel Emma is written by .[A] Mary Shelley [B] Charlotte Bront? [C] Elizabeth C. Gaskell [D] Jane Austen36.Which of the following is NOT a romantic poet?[A] William Wordsworth. [B] George Elliot.[C] George C. Byron. [D] Percy B. Shelley.37.William Sidney Porter, known as O. Henry, is most famous for .[A] his poems [B] his plays [C] his short stories [D] his novels38.Syntax is the study of .[A] language functions [B] sentence structures [C] textual organization [D] word formation39.Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?[A] Arbitrariness. [B] Productivity.[C] Cultural transmission. [D] Finiteness.40.The speech act theory was first put forward by .[A] John Searle [B] John Austin [C] Noam Chomsky [D] Halliday 参考答案：BBADA BCBDB2006年英语专八人文知识真题31.The President during the American Civil War was .[A] Andrew Jackson [B] Abraham Lincoln [C] Thomas Jefferson [D] George Washington32.The capital of New Zealand is .[A] Christchurch [B] Auckland [C] Wellington [D] Hamilton33.Who were the natives of Australia before the arrival of the British settlers?[A] The Aborigines. [B] The Maori. [C] The Indians. [D] The Eskimos.34.The Prime Minister in Britain is head of .[A] the Shadow Cabinet [B] the Parliament [C] the Opposition [D] the Cabinet35.Which of the following writers is a poet of the 20th century?[A] T. S. Eliot. [B] D.H. Lawrence. [C] Theodore Dreiser. [D] James Joyce.36.The novel For Whom the Bell Tolls is written by .[A] Scott Fitzgerald [B] William Faulkner [C] Eugene O'Neill [D] Ernest Hemingway37.is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed into fourteen lines.[A] Free verse [B] Sonnet [C] Ode [D] Epigram38.What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion of .[A] reference [B] meaning [C] antonymy [D] context39.The words "kid, child, offspring" are examples of .[A] dialectal synonyms [B] stylistic synonyms[C] emotive synonyms [D] collocational synonyms40.The distinction between parole and langue was made by .[A] Halliday [B] Chomsky [C] Bloomfield [D] Saussure 参考答案BCADA DBDBD2007年英语专八人文知识真题31.The majority of the current population in the UK are decedents of all the following tribes respectively EXCEPT .[A] the Anglos [B] the Celts [C] the Jutes [D] the Saxons32.The Head of State of Canada is represented by .[A] the Monarch [B] the President [C] the Prime Minister [D] the Governor-general33.The Declaration of Independence was written by .[A] Thomas Jefferson [B] George Washington[C] Alexander Hamilton [D] James Madison34.The original inhabitants of Australia were .[A] the Red Indians [B] the Eskimos [C] the Aborigines [D] the Maoris35.Which of the following novels was written by Emily Bront??[A] Oliver Twist. [B] Middlemarch. [C] Jane Eyre. [D] Wuthering Heights.36.William Butler Yeats was a(n) poet and playwright.[A] American [B] Canadian [C] Irish [D] Australian37.Death of a Salesman was written by .[A] Arthur Miller [B] Ernest Hemingway[C] Ralph Ellis on [D] James Baldwin38.refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules of word formation.[A] Phonology[B] Morphology[C] Semantics[D] Sociolinguistics39.The distinctive features of a speech variety may be all the following EXCEPT .[A] lexical[B] syntactic[C] phonological [D] psycholinguistic40.The word "tail" once referred to "the tail of a horse", but now it is used to mean "the tail of any animal." This is an example of .[A] widening of meaning [B] narrowing of meaning[C] meaning shift [D] loss of meaning参考答案CDACD CABDA2008年英语专八人文知识真题31.The largest city in Canada is .A.VancouverB. MontrealC. TorontoD. Ottawa32.According to the United States Constitution, the legislative power is investedin .A. the Federal GovernmentB. the Supreme CourtC. the CabinetD. the Conress33.Which of the following is the oldest sport in the United States?A. Baseball.B. Tennis.C. Basketball.D. American football.34.The head of the executive branch in New Zealand is .A. the PresidentB. the Governor-GeneralC. the British monarchD. the Prime Minister35.The Caterbury Tales, a collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims on their wayto Canterbury, is an important poetic work by .A. Willian LanglandB. GeoffreyC. William ShakespeareD. Alfred Tennyson36.Who wrote The American?A. Herman Melville.B. Nathaniel Hawthorne.C. Henry James.D. Theodore Dreiser.37.All of the following are well-know female writers in 20th-century Britain EXCEPT .A. George EliotB. Iris Jean MurdochC. Doris LessingD. Muriel Spark38.Which of the following is NOT a design feature of human language?A. Arbitrariness.B. Displacement.C. Duality.D.Diachronicity.39.What type of sentence is "Mark likes fiction, but Tim is interested in poetry"?A simple sentence. B. A coordinate sentence. C. A complex sentence. D. None of the above.40.The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called .A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. PolysemyD.homonymy 参考答案BCADBBDACD2009年英语专八人文知识真题31.The Head of State of New Zealand is .[A] the governor-general [B] the Prime Minister[C] the high commissioner [D] the monarch of the United Kingdom.32.The capital of Scotland is .[A] Glasgow [B] Edinburgh [C] Manchester [D] London33.Who wrote the Declaration of Independence and later became the U.S. President? [A]Thomas Jefferson. [B] George Washington. [C] Thomas Paine. [D] John Adams.34.Which of the following cities is located on the eastern coast of Australia?[A] Perth. [B] Adelaide. [C] Sydney. [D] Melbourne.35.Ode to the West Wind was written by .[A] William Blake [B] William Wordsworth[C] Samuel Taylor Coleridge [D] Percy B. Shelley36.Who among the following is a poet of free verse?[A] Ralph Waldo Emerson. [B] Walt Whitman.[C] Herman Melville. [D] Theodore Dreiser.37.The novel Sons and Lovers was written by .[A] Thomas Hardy [B] John Galsworthy [C] D.H. Lawrence [D] James Joyce38.The study of the mental processes of language comprehension and production is .[A] corpus linguistics [B] sociolinguistics[C] theoretical linguistics [D] psycholinguistics39. A special language variety that mixes languages and is used by speakers ofdifferent languages for purposes of trading is called .[A] dialect [B] idiolect [C] pidgin [D] register40.When a speaker expresses his intention of speaking, such as asking someone to open the window, he is performing .[A] an illocutionary act [B] a perlocutionary act [C] a locutionary act [D] none of the above答案31、D the monarch of the United Kingdom 32 、B Edinburgh. 33、AThomas Jefferson. 34、C Sydney 35、D Percy B. Shelley36、B Walt Whitman. 37 、C D.H. Lawrence. 38、D psycholinguistics. 39、 C pidgin. 40、A an illocutionary act.2010年英语专八人文知识真题31.Which of the following is INCORRECT?A. the British Constitution includes the Magna Carta of 1215B.the British Constitution includes Parliamentary actsC.the British Constitution includes decisions made by courts of law 答案D：TheBritish Constitution includes one single written constitution32.The first city ever founded in Canada isA. QuebecB. VancouverC. TorontoD. Montreal 答案A：Quebec33.When did the Australian Federation officially come into being?A. B. 1788C. 1900D. 1901答案D：190134.The Emancipation Proclamation to end the plantation slavery in the south of US wasissued byA. Abraham LincolnB. Thomas PaineC. George WashingtonD. Thomas Jefferson 答案A：Abraham Lincoln35.Who was best known for the technique of dramatic monologue in his poems?A. Will BlakeB.C. Robert BrowningD. William Wordsworth 答案C：Robert Browning36.The Financier was written byA. Mark TwainB. Henry JamesC.答案D：Theodore Dreiser37.In literature a story in verse or prose with a double meaning is defined asA. allegoryB. sonnetC. blank verseD. rhyme 答案A：Allegory38.___ refers to the learning and development of a languageA. language acquisitionB. language comprehensionC. language productionD. languageintroduction答案A：language acquisition39.The word “motel” comes from “motor - hotel”. This is an example of "…”in morphology.A. backformationB. conversionC. blendingD. acronym 答案C：blendingnguage is tool of communication, the symbol “ highway closed ” servesA. B.C. a performative function D. a persuasive function 答案B：informative function2011年英语专八人文知识真题31.The northernmost part of Great Britain is ___ .A. Northern IrelandB. WalesC. EnglandD. Scotland TIP:选D。
2015年TEM8真题答案及试卷
2015 TEM8（考前）届时见评论！听力A1.of the parts of the language that carries means2.vocabulary3.tone4.having the ability to add the information5.particular subject6.knowledge or experience7.rei nterpreting8.predict as you listen9.two types of predicting 10.importance听力B1.D.reducing2.C the government3.B,all the money4.B together5.D initieting6. A fewer7.C 468.C provided9.C there 10.B look into阅读：11 C they change12 D to see the effect13 B to provide14 A real15 B her16 A resignation17 C straight18 D twist's19 C gratitude20 B a very21 C operations22 B dangerous23 B spouting24 B reluctant25 D a comic26 D design27 B urban landscape28 B it has29 A incorporate30 C scientific改错1 looked-looking2 she后加had3第二个a去掉4it去掉5polite-politely6which-that7specially-especially 8this-it9continually-often10mend -narrow常识：31 A the conservative32 B slave lake33 B six34 D aborigines35 A Robert36 A ted37 C Herman38 C conceptual39 D ellipsis40 C p汉译英 Camellia. whose nature flowering is in December to the next April,is mainly is red series,and also yellow and white series, etc。
2015年专业英语八级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2015年专业英语八级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 2. READING COMPREHENSION 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 4. PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION 5. TRANSLATION 6. WRITINGPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREDirections: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.听力原文：Understanding Academic Lectures Good morning, everybody. Now, at the university, you, as students, are often called on to perform many types of listening tasks, listening in a group discussion, listening to a teacher on a one-to-one basis, and listening to academic lectures. So, what I’m going to talk about today is what a listener needs to be able to do in order to comprehend an academic lecture efficiently. OK. What do you need to do in order to understand the lecture? Now, there are four things that I’m going to talk about. (1)The first thing is that you need to be aware of all of the parts of the language that carry meaning. You all know that words carry meaning. So you’ve got to be aware of the vocabulary of the language.(2)But there are some other features. For one thing, you need to be aware of stress. Let me give you an example: I went to the bar. I went to the bar. It makes a difference. In the second example, I’m stressing the fact that it was me and not someone else. So that this means stress has some meaning. Now the next thing you might want to listen for is intonation. For example, if I say “He came. ““He came?” There are two different meanings. One is a statement: the other one is a question.(3)And another thing you need to listen for is rhythm. For instance, “Can you see, Mary?” versus “Can you see Mary?” da-da-Da-da-da, da-da-da-Da-da. Those two mean something different. In the first one, they’re talking directly to Mary while the second one means “Can you see Mary, over there?”Now the next thing you must do when you listen is that you need to add information that the lecturer expects you to add. All lecturers assume that they share some information with their audience and that their audience does not need them to explain every word.(4/5/6)And listeners have an ability to add this information due to two sources of information, that is, one, their knowledge of a particular subject, and two, their knowledge or experience of the world. So remember, listening is not a matter of just absorbing the speaker’s words. The listener has to do more than that. The listener is not a tape recorder absorbing the speaker’s words and putting them into his or her brain.(7)Rather, listening involves hearing the speaker’s words and reinterpreting them. Adding information if necessary.So the meaning is not in the word alone. Rather, it is in the person who uses it or responds to it. So that the second dung that a listener must do: add information that the lecturer assumes that they share. OK.(8)The third thing mat a listener needs to do, and this is to me the most important thing of all, and that’s to predict as you listen. Now let me give you two reasons why you have to predict. For one thing, if you predict, it helps you overcome noise. What do I mean by noise? Maybe there’s noise outside and you can’t hear me. Maybe you’re in the back of the room and you can’t hear all that well. Maybe the microphone doesn’t work. Maybe there’s noise inside your head. By that I mean maybe you’re thinking of something else and men all of a sudden you’ll remember, “Oh! I’ve got to listen!” By being able to predict during me lecture you can just keep listening to me lecture and not lose the idea of what’s going on. So predicting is important to help you overcome outside noise and inside noise. And another reason that predicting is important is because it saves you time. Now when you listen, you need time to think about the information, relate it to old ideas, take notes. And if you’re only keeping up with what I’m saying or what the lecturer’s saying, you have no time to do that. And I’ll bet a lot of you are having that problem right now. Because it’s so hard just to follow everything I’m saying that you don’t have time to note down ideas. So predicting saves you time. If you can guess what I’m going to say, you’re able to take notes, you are able to think, you have more time. OK?(9)And there are two types of predictions that you can make: predictions of content and predictions of organization. Let me give you an example in terms of content. If you hear the words “because he loved to cook, his favorite room was...”What would you expect? Kitchen. You can guess this because you know people cook in the kitchen. OK? And you can also predict organization. So if I was going to tell you a story, you’d expect me to tell you why the story is important. If you are setting for the story, so you have expectations of what the speaker is going to talk about and how the speaker will organize his or her words. Now, let’s come to the last thing a listener must do: the listener must evaluate as he or she is listening, decide what’s important, what’s not, decide how something relates to something else. OK? There are again two reasons for this.(10)The first one is evaluating helps you to decide what to take notes about, what’s important to write down, what’s not important to write down. And the second reason is that evaluating helps you to keep information. Studies have shown that we retain more information if ideas are connected to one another, rather than just individually remembered. So for example, if I give you five ideas that are not related to one another, that’s much more difficult to remember than five ideas that are related. So you can see, evaluating helps you to remember information better because it connects ideas to one another. OK, from what I’ve said so far, you can see there’s a lot involved in listening to lectures—language awareness, adding information, making predictions and evaluations. I hope these will be useful to you in lecture comprehension.Understanding Academic Lectures Listening to academic lectures is an important task for university students. Then, how can we comprehend a lecture efficiently?I. Understanding all【B1】______【B1】______A. wordsB.【B2】______【B2】______ —stress —intonation —【B3】______【B3】______II.Adding informationA. lecturers: sharing information with audienceB. listeners:【B4】______【B4】______C. sources of information—knowledge of【B5】______【B5】______—【B6】______of the world【B6】______D. listening involving three steps: —hearing—【B7】______【B7】______—adding III.【B8】______【B8】______A. reasons:—overcome noise —save timeB.【B9】______【B9】______—content—organization IV. Evaluating while listeningA. helps to decide the【B10】______of notes【B10】______B. helps to remember information1．【B1】正确答案：parts of language解析：细节理解题。
2015-2016专八真题答案
PartⅡ READING COMPREHENSIONSECTIONA MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSPASSAGE ONE11.It canbe learned from Para. 1 that Mr. Gatsbythrough the summer.答案：[A]entertained guests from everywhere every weekend12.In Para. 4,the word “permeate” probably means.答案：［C］penetrate13.It can be inferred from Para. 8 that.答案：［B］people somehow ended up in Gatsby's house as guests14.According to Para. 10, the author feltat Gatsby’s party.答案：［D］awkward15.What can be concluded from Para. 11 about Gatsby?答案：［A］He was not expected to be present at the parties.PASSAGE TWO16.Cyberspace is described by William Gibson as.答案：［B］a representation of data from the human system17.Which of the following statements BEST summarizes the meaning of the first four paragraphs?答案：［B］Cyberspace is like a double-edged sword.18.According to Para. 5, the designing principles of the internet and cyberspace security are.答案：［C］contradictory19.What could be the most appropriate title for the passage?答案：［A］Cyber Crime and Its Prevention.PASSAGE THREE20.It can be concluded from Para. 3 that the author wastowards higher education.答案：［D］negative21.The following are currentproblems facing all American universities EXCEPT.答案：［C］low undergraduate teaching loads22.In order to ensure teaching quality, the author suggests that the states do all the following EXCEPT. 答案：［C］increase undergraduate programs23.“Prime candidates” in Para. 10 is used as.答案：［D］personification24.What is the author's main argument in the passage?答案：［C］Academic standards are the main means to ensure educational quality.SECTION B SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS说明：这部分答案不是唯一，只要意思对了就可以。
完整word专八改错真题及答案推荐文档
2000 年-2015 年专八短文改错试卷2015 年3 月21 日专业八级考试改错When I was in my early teens, I was taken to a spectacular showon ice by the mother of a friend. Looked round a the luxury of the 1._______rink, my friend 's mother remarked on the “plush ”seats we had beengiven. I did not know what she meant, and being proud of my 2. ______vocabulary, I tried to infer its meaning from the context. “Plush” was clearly intended as a complimentary, a positive evaluation 。
that 3. _________________________________________________________much I could tell it from the tone of voice and the context. So I 4._______started to use the word. Yes, I replied, they certainly are plush, and so are the ice rink and the costumes of the skaters, aren't they? Myfriend 's mother was very polite to correct me, but I could tell from her 5._______expression that I had not got the word quite right.Often we can indeed infer from the context what a word roughlymeans, and that is in fact the way which we usually acquire both 6._______new words and new meanings for familiar words, specially in our 7._______own first language. But sometimes we need to ask, as I should haveasked for Plush, and this is particularly true in the 8._______aspect of a foreign language. If you are continually surrounded by 9. ______speakers of the language you are learning, you can ask them directly, but often this opportunity does not exist for the learner of English.So dictionaries have been developed to mend the gap. 10.________2014 改错There is widespread consensus among scholars that second language acquisition (SLA) emerged as a distinct field of research from the late 1950s to early 1960s.There is a high level of agreement that the following questions (1) _____have possessed the most attention of researchers in this area: (2) _____l Is it possible to acquire an additional language in the same sense one acquires a firstlanguage? (3) _______________________________l What is the explanation for the fact adults have (4) ______more difficulty in acquiring additional languages than children have?l What motivates people to acquire additional language?l What is the role of the language teaching in the (5) _____acquisition of additional languages?l What social-cultural factors, if any, are relevant in studying the learning of additionallanguages?From a check of the literature of the field it is clear that all (6) _____the approaches adopted to study the phenomena of SLA so far have one thing in common: The perspective adopted to view the acquiring of an additional language is that of anindividual attempts to do (7) ____________________________________so. Whether one labels it “learning ” or “ acqutiiori n agl ” an addilanguage, it is an individual accomplishment or what is under (8) ______focus is the cognitive, psychological, and institutional status of an individual. That is, the spotlight is on what mental capabilities areinvolving, what psychological factors play a role in the learning (9) ______or acquisition, and whether the target language is learnt in the classroom or acquired through social touch with native speakers. (10) ______________________________2013 专八短文改错试卷．Psycho-linguistics is the name given to the study of the psychological processes involved in language. Psycholinguistics study understanding, production and remembering language, and hence are concerned with (1) listening, reading, speaking, writing, and memory for language.One reason why we take the language for granted is that it usually (2) ______happens so effortlessly, and most of time, so accurately. (3) _____Indeed, when you listen to someone to speaking, or looking at this page, (4) _____you normally cannot help but understand it. It is only in exceptional circumstances we might become aware of the complexity (5) ________________________________________________________involved: if we are searching for a word but cannot remember it 。
2015年英语专业八级真题及答案
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2015)GRADE EIGHTTIME LIMIT：195 MIN PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture．You will hear the lecture ONCE ONL Y. While listening, take notes on the important points．Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture．When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE, using no more than three words in each gap．Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are)both grammatically and semantically acceptable．You may refer to your notes while completing the task．Use the blank sheet for note-taking．Now, listen to the mini-lecture．Understanding Academic LecturesListening to academic lectures is an important task for university students. Then, how can we comprehend a lecture efficiently?I.Understand all (1)A.wordsB. (2)—stress—intonation—(3)II.Adding informationA.lectures:Sharing information with audienceB.listeners: (4)C.sources of information—knowledge of (5)—(6) of the worldD.listening involving three steps:—hearing—(7)—addingIII. (8)A.reasons—overcome noise—save timeB. (9)—content—organizationIV.Evaluating while listeningA.help tp decide the (10) of notesB.help to remember informationSECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONL Y. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow．Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO．Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview．At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions．Now listen to the interview．1. Theresa thinks that the present government is ________.[A] doing what they have promised to schools[B] creating opportunities for leading universities[C] considering removing barriers for state school pupils[D] reducing opportunities for state school pupils2. What does Theresa see as a problem in secondary schools now?[A] Universities are not working hard to accept state school pupils.[B] The number of state pupils applying to Oxford fails to increase.[C] The government has lowered state pupils’ expectations.[D] Leading universities are rejecting state school pupils.3. In Theresa’s view, school freedom means that schools should ____.[A] be given more funding from education authorities[B] be given all the money and decide how to spend it[C] be granted greater power to run themselves[D] be given more opportunities and choices4. According to Theresa, who decides or decide money for schools at the present?[A] Local education authorities and the central government.[B] Local education authorities and secondary schools together.[C] Local education authorities only.[D] The central government only.5. Throughout the talk, the interviewer does all the following EXCEPT ____.[A] asking for clarification[B] challenging the interviewee[C] supporting the interviewee[D] initiating topicsSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONL Y．Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow．Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO．Questions 6 and 7 are based on the following news, At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions．Now listen to the news．News Item 16. What is the main idea of the news item?[A] Fewer people watch TV once a week.[B] Smartphones and tablets have replaced TV.[C] New technology has led to more family time.[D] Bigger TV sets have attracted more people.News Item 27. How many lawmakers voted for the marijuana legalization bill?[A] 50. [B] 12.[C] 46. [D] 18.8. The passing of the bill means that marijuana can be________.[A] bought by people under 18[B] made available to drug addicts[C] provided by the government[D] bought in drug storesNews Item 39. What did the review of global data reveal?[A]Diarrhea is a common disease.[B]Good sanitation led to increase in height.[C]There were many problems of poor sanitation.[D] African children live in worse sanitary conditions.10. The purpose of Dr. Alan Dangour’s study was most likely to ________.[A] examine links between sanitation and death from illness[B] look into factors affecting the growth of children[C] investigate how to tackle symptoms like diarrhea[D] review and compare conditions in different countriesPART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO．TEXT AIn 2011, many shoppers chose to avoid the frantic crowds and do their holiday shopping from the comfort of their computer. Sales at online retailers gained by more than 15%, making it the biggest season ever. But people are also returning those purchases at record rates, up 8% from last year.What went wrong? Is the lingering shadow of the global financial crisis making it harder to accept extravagant indulgences? Or that people shop more impulsively - and therefore make bad decisions - when online? Both arguments are plausible. However, there is a third factor: a question of touch. We can love the look but, in an online environment, we cannot feel the quality of a texture, the shape of the fit, the fall of a fold or, for that matter, the weight of an earring. And physically interacting with an object makes you more committed .When my most recent book Brandwashed was released, I teamed up with a local bookstore to conduct an experiment about the differences between the online and offline shopping experience. I carefully instructed a group of volunteers to promote my book in two different ways. The first was a fairly hands-off approach. Whenever a customer would inquire about my book, the volunteer would take them over to the shelf and point to it. Out of 20 such requests, six customers proceeded with the purchase.The second option also involved going over to the shelf but, this time, removing the book and then subtly holding onto it for just an extra moment before placing it in the customer's hands. Of the 20 people who were handed the book. 13 ended up buying it. Just physically passing the book showed a big difference in sales. Why? We feel something similar to a sense of ownership when we hold things in our hand. That's why we establish or reestablish connection by greeting strangers and friends with a handshake. In this case, having to then let go of the book after holding it might generate a subtle sense of loss, and motivate us to make the purchase even more.A recent study also revealed the power of touch, in this case when it came to conventional mail. A deeper and longer-lasting impression of a message was formed when delivered in a letter, as opposed to receiving the same message online. Brain imaging showed that, on touching the paper, the emotional center of the brain was activated, thus forming a stronger bond. The study also indicated that once touch becomes part of the process, it could translate into a sense of possession. This sense of ownership is simply not part of the equation in the online shopping experience.As the rituals of purchase in the lead-up to Christmas change, not only do we give less thought to the type of gifts we buy for our loved ones but, through our own digital wish lists, we increasingly control what they buy for us. The reality, however, is that no matter how convinced we all are that digital is the way to go, finding real satisfaction will probably take more than a few simple clicks.11. According to the author, shoppers are returning their purchases for all the following reasons EXCEPT that ____.[A] they are unsatisfied with the quality of the purchase[B]they eventually find the purchase too expensive[C] they change their mind out of uncertainty[D] they regret making the purchase without forethought12. What is the purpose of the experiment in the bookstore?[A] To see which promotion method is preferred by customers.[B]To find out the strengths and weaknesses of both methods.[C] To try to set up a new retailer-customer relationship.[D] To see the effect of an approach on customers' decisions.13. Why does the author cite the study by Bangor University and the Royal Mail Service?[A]To compare similar responses in different settings.[B] To provide further evidence for his own observation.[C] To offer a scientific account of the brain's functions.[D] To describe emotional responses in online shopping.14. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A]Real satisfaction depends on factors other than the computer.[B] Despite online shopping we still attach importance to gift buying.[C] Some people are still uncertain about the digital age.[D] Online shopping offers real satisfaction to shoppers.Text BMy professor brother and I have an argument about head and heart about whether he overvalues IQ while I learn more toward EQ. We typically have this debate about people—can we be friends with a really smart jerk （怪物）?—but there’s corollary to animals as well. I’d love it if our dog could fetch the morning paper and then read it to me over coffee, but I actually care much more about her loyal and innocent heart. There’s already enough thinking going on is our house, and we probably spend too much time in our heads, where we need some role modeling is in instinct, and that’s where a dog is a roving revelation.I did not grow up with dogs, which meant that my older daughter’s respectful but unyielding determination to get one required some adjustment on my part. I often felt she was training me: from ages of 6 to 9, she gently schooled me in various breeds and their personalities, whispered to the dogs we encountered so they would charm and persuade me, demonstrated by her self-displine that she was ready for the responsibility. And thus came our dog Twist, whom I sometimes mistake for a third daughter.At first I thought the challenge would be to train her to sit, to heel, to walk calmly beside us and not go wildly chasing the neighbourhood rabbits. But I soon discovered how much more we had to learn from her than she from us.If it is true, for example, that the secret to a child’s success is less rare genius than raw persistence, Twist’s ability to stay on task is a model for us all, especially if the task is trying to capture the sunbeam that flicks around the living room as the wind blows through the branches outside. She never succeeds, and she never gives up. This includes when she runs square into walls.Then there is her unfailing patience, which breaks down only when she senses that dinnertime was 15 minutes ago and we have somehow failed to notice. Even then she is more eager than indignant, and her refusal to whine shows a restraint of which I’m not always capable when hungry.But the lesson I value most is the one in forgiveness, and Twist first offered this when she was still very young. When she was about 7 months old, we took her to the vet to be sprayed(切除卵巢). We turned her over to a stranger, who procceeded to perform a procedure that was probably not pleasant, But when the vet returned her to us, limp and tender, there was no recrimination(反责)，no how could you do that to me? It was as though she really knew that we could not intentionally cause her pain, and while she did not understand, she forgave and curled up with her head on my daughter’s lap.I suppose we could have concluded that she was just blindly loyal and docile. But eventually we knew better. She is entirely capable of disobedience, as she has proved many times. She will ignore us when there are more interesting things to look at, rebuke us when we are careless, bark into the twilight when she has urgent messages to send. But her patience with our failings and frickleness and her willingness to give us a scond chance are a daily lesson in gratitude.My friends who grew up with dogs tell me how when they were teenagers and trusted no one in the world, they could tell their dog all their secrets. It was the one friend who would not gossip or betray, could provide in the middle of the night the soft, unbegrudging comfort and peace that adolescence conspires to disrupt. An age that is all about growth and risk needs some anchors and weigths, a model of steadfastness when all else is in flux. Sometimes I think Twist’s devotion keeps my girls on a benevolent lash, one that hangs quietly at their side as they trot along but occasionally yanks them back to safety and solid ground.We’ve weighed so many decisions so carefully in raising our daughters—what school to send them to and what church to attend, when to give them cell phones and with what precautions. But when it comes to what really shapes their character and binds our family, I never would have thought we would owe so much to its smallest member.15. In the first paragraph, the author suggests that____.[A]a person can either have a high IQ or a low EQ[B]her professor brother cares too much about IQ[C]we need examples of how to follow one's heart[D]she prefers dogs that are clever and loyal16. According to the passage, all the following are Twist's characteristics EXCEPT____.[A]resignation[B]patience[C]forgiveness[D]tenacity17. According to the context, the meaning of the word "square"is closest to____.[A]fast[B]blindly[C]straight[D]stubbornly18.ThatTwist's devotion keeps my girls on a benevolent leash means that____.[A]Twist is capable of looking after the girls[B]Twist and the girls have become friends[C]Twist knows how to follow the girls[D]Twist's loyalty helps the girls grow up19. What does the author try to express in the last paragraph?[A]Difficulties in raising her children.[B]Worries about what to buy for kids.[C]Gratitude to Twist for her role.[D]Concerns about schooling and religion.Text CMost West African lorries ate not in what one would call the first flush of youth, and I had learnt by bitter experience not to expect anything very much of them. But the lorry that arrived to take me up to the mountains was worse than anything I had seen before: it tottered on the borders of senile decay. It stood there on buckled wheels, wheezing and gasping with exhaustion from having to climb up the gentle slope to the camp, and I consigned myself and my loads to it with some trepidation. The driver, who was a cheerful fellow, pointed out that he would require my assistance in two very necessary operations: first, I had to keep the hand brake pressed down when travelling downhill, for unless it was held thus almost level with the floor it sullenly refused to function. Secondly, I had to keep a stern eye on the clutch, a wilful piece of mechanism, that seized every chance to leap out of its socket with a noise like a strangling leopard. As it was obvious that not even a West African lorry driver could be successful in driving while crouched under the dashboard in a pre-natal position, I had to take over control of these instruments if I valued my life. So, while I ducked at intervals to put on the brake, amid the rich smell of burning rubber, our noble lorry jerked its way towards the mountains at a steady twenty miles per hour; sometimes, when a downward slope favoured it, it threw caution to the winds and careered along in a madcap fashion at twenty-five.For the first thirty miles the red earth road wound its way through the lowland forest, the giant trees standing in solid ranks alongside and their branches entwined in an archway of leaves above us. Flocks of hornbills flapped across the road, honking like the ghosts of ancient taxis, and on the banks, draped decoratively in the patches of sunlight, the agama lizards lay, blushing into sunset colouring with excitement and nodding their heads furiously. Slowly and almost imperceptibly the road started to climb upwards, looping its way in languid curves round the forested hills. In the back of the lorry the boys lifted up their voices in song:Home again, home again, When shall I see ma home? When shall I see ma mammy? I'll never forget ma home . . .The driver hummed the refrain softly to himself, glancing at me to see if I would object. To his surprise I joined in, and so while the lorry rolled onwards trailing a swirling tail of red dust behind it, the boys in the back maintained the chorus while the driver and I harmonized and sang complicated twiddly bits, and the driver played a staccato accompaniment on the horn.Breaks in the forest became more frequent the higher we climbed, and presently a new type of undergrowth began to appear: massive tree-ferns standing in conspiratorial groups at the roadside on their thick, squat, and hairy trunks, the fronds of leaves sprouting from the tops like delicate green fountains. These ferns were the guardians of a new world, for suddenly, as though the hills had shrugged themselves free of cloak, the forest disappeared. It lay behind us in the valley, a thick pelt of green undulating away into the heat-shimmered distance, while above us the hillside rose majestically, covered in a coat of rippling, waist-high grass, bleached golden by the sun. The lorry crept higher and higher, the engine gasping and shuddering with this unaccustomed activity. I began to think that we should have to push the wretched thing up the last two or three hundred feet, but to everyone's surprise we made it, and the lorry crept on to the brow of the hill, trembling with fatigue, spouting steam from its radiator like a dying whale. We crawled to a standstill and the driver switched off the engine.“We must wait small-time, engine get hot, he explained, pointing to the forequarters of the lorry, which were by now completely invisible under a cloud of steam. Thankfully I descended from the red-hot inside of the cab and strolled down to where the road dipped into the next valley. From this vantage point I could see the country we had travelled through and the country we were about to enter.20. That it tottered on the borders of senile decay means that the lorry was_________.about to break downa very old vehicleunable to travel the distance[D] a dangerous vehicleWhich of the following words in the first paragraph is used literally?Flush.Borders.Operations.Gasping.We learn from the first paragraph that the author regards the inadequacies of the lorry as _________.[A] inevitable and amusing[B]. dangerous and frightening[C] novel and unexpected[D] welcome and interesting23. All the following words in the last but one paragraph describe the lorry as a human EXCEPT .tremblingspoutingshudderingcrept24. We can infer from the passage that the author was ________.bored by the appearance of the grasslands aheadreluctant to do any walking in so hot a climateunfriendly towards the local driver and boysa little surprised to have to help drive the lorry25. A suitable title for the passage would be _______.A journey that scared meA journey to rememberThe wild West African lorryA comic journey in West AfricaText DHave you ever noticed a certain similarity in public parks and back gardens in the cities of the West? A ubiquitous woodland mix of lawn grasses and trees has found its way throughout Europe and the United States, and it’s now spread to other cities around the world. As ecologist Peter Groffman has noted, it's increasingly difficult to tell one suburb apart from another, even when they're located in vastly different climates such as Phoenix, Arizona, or Boston in the much chillier north-east of the US. And why do parks in New Zealand often feature the same species of trees that grow on the other side of the world in the UK?Inspired by the English and New England countrysides, early landscape architects of the 19th Century such as Andrew Jackson Downing and Frederick Law Olmstead created an aesthetic for urban public and private open space that persists to this day. But in the 21st Century, urban green space is tasked with doing far more than simply providing aesthetic appeal. From natural systems to deal with surface water run-off and pollution to green corridors to increasing interest in urban food production, the urban parks of the future will be designed and engineered for functionality as well as for beauty.Imagine travelling among the cities of the mid-21st Century and finding a unique set of urban landscapes that capture local beauty, natural and cultural history, and the environmental context. They are tuned to their locality, and diverse within as well as across cities. There are patches that provide shade and cooling, places of local food production, and corridors that connect both residents and wildlife to the surrounding native environment. Their functions are measured and monitored to meet the unique needs of each city for food production, water use, nutrient recycling, and habitat. No two green spaces are quite the same.Planners are already starting to work towards this vision. And if this movement has a buzzword it is “hyperfunctionality” – designs which provide multiple uses in a confined space, and a term coined by Richard Pouyat of the US Forest Service. At the moment, urban landscapes are highly managed and limited in their spatial extent. Even the "green" cities of the future will contain extensive areas of buildings, roads, railways, and other built structures. These future cities are likely to contain a higher proportion of green cover than the cities of today, with an increasing focus on planting on roofs, vertical walls, and formerly impervious surfaces like car parks. But built environments will still be ever-present in dense megacities. We can greatly enhance the utility of green space through designs that provide a range of different uses in a confined space. A hyperfunctional planting, for example, might be designed to provide food, shade, wildlife habitat, and pollution removal all in the same garden with the right choice of plants, configurations, and management practices.What this means is that we have to maximise the benefits and uses of urban parks, while minimising the costs of building and maintaining them. Currently, green space and street plantings are relatively similar throughout the Western world, regardless of differences in local climate, geography, and natural history. Even desert cities feature the same sizable street trees and well-watered and well-fertilized lawns that you might see in more temperate climes. The movement to reduce the resources and water requirements of such urban landscapes in these arid areas is called "xeriscaping" – a concept that has so-far received mixed responses in terms of public acceptance. Scott Yabiku and colleagues at the Central Arizona Phoenix project showed that newcomers to the desert embrace xeriscaping more than long-time residents, who are more likely to prefer the well-watered aesthetic. In part, this may be because xeriscaping is justified more by reducing landscaping costs – in this case water costs – than by providing desired benefits like recreation, pollution mitigation, and cultural value. From this perspective, xeriscaping can seem more like a compromise than an asset.But there are other ways to make our parks and natural spaces do more. Nan Ellin, of the Ecological Planning Center in the US, advocates an asset-based approach to urbanism. Instead of envisioning cities in terms what they can't have, ecological planners are beginning to frame the discussion of future cities in terms of what they do have - their natural and cultural assets. In Utah’s Salt Lake City, instead of couching environmental planning as an issue of resource scarcity, the future park is described as "mountain urbanism" and the strong association of local residents with the natural environment of the mountain ranges near their home. From this starting point, the local climate, vegetation, patterns of rain and snowfall, and mountain topography are all deemed natural assets that create a new perspective when it comes to creating urban green space. In Cairns, Australia, the local master plan embraces "tropical urbanism" that conveys a sense of placethrough landscaping features, while also providing important functions such as shading and cooling in this tropical climate.The globally homogenised landscape aesthetic – which sees parks from Boston to Brisbane looking worryingly similar – will diminish in importance as future urban green space will be attuned to local values and cultural perceptions of beauty. This will lead to a far greater diversity of urban landscape designs than are apparent today. Already, we are seeing new purposes for urban landscaping that are transforming the 20th century woodland park into bioswales – plantings designed to filter stormwater – green roofs, wildlife corridors, and urban food gardens. However, until recently we have been lacking the datasets and science-based specifications for designs that work to serve all of these purposes at once.In New York City, Thomas Whitlow of Cornell University sends students through tree-lined streets with portable, backpack-mounted air quality monitors. At home in his laboratory, he places tree branches in wind tunnels to measure pollution deposition onto leaves. It turns out that currently, many street tree plantings are ineffective at removing air pollutants, and instead may trap pollutants near the ground. My students and I equipped street trees with sensors in and around the trunk in Los Angeles to monitor growth and water use in real time to help find which species provide the largest canopies for the lowest amount of water. Rather than relying on assumptions about the role of urban vegetation in improving the environment and health, future landscaping designs will be engineered based on empirical data and state of the art of simulations.New datasets on the performance of urban landscapes are changing our view of what future urban parks will look like and what it will do. With precise measurements of pollutant uptake, water use, plant growth rates, and greenhouse gas emissions, we are better and better able to design landscapes that require less intensive management and are less costly, while providing more social and environmental uses.26. According to the passage, which of the following serves as the BEST reason for thesimilarity in urban green space throughout the West?[A] Climate.[B] Geography.[C] Functional purposes.[D] Design principles.27. The following are all features of future urban green space EXCEPT that .[A] each city has its distinct style of urban green space[B] urban landscape will focus more on cultural history[C] urban green space will be designed to serve many uses[D] more green cover will be seen on city roofs and walls28. Why are some local residents opposed to "xeriscaping"?[A] It cannot reduce water requirements.[B] It has proved to be too costly.[C] It is not suited for the local area.[D] It does not have enough advantages.29. According to the passage, if planners adopt an asset-based approach, they willprobably .[A] incorporate the area's natural and cultural heritage into their design[B] make careful estimation of the area's natural resources before designing[C] combine natural resources and practical functions in their design[D] envision more purposes for urban landscaping in their design30. According to the passage, future landscaping designs will rely more on . .[A] human assumptions[B] field work[C] scientific estimation[D] laboratory work。
【VIP专享】2015年3月21日英语专业八考试答案及试卷
2015年3月21日专八答案答案及试卷详解本次专八作文：My Views on the Sharing Economy听力A1of the parts lanuge that carries means 2 vocabulary 3 tone 4 having the ability to add the information 5 particular subject6 konwledge or experience7 reinterpreting8 predict as you listen9 two types of predicting 10 importance听力B1 reducing2 the governmen3 all the money4 together5 initiating6 fewer7 468 provided9 there 10 look into阅读11 they change 12to see the effect 13 to provide 14real 15 her16 resignation 17straight 18twist's loyalty 19gratitude 20a very21operation 22dangerous 23spouting 24reluctant 25a comic26design 27urban landscape 28it has 29 incorporate 30scientific常识31 the conservative 32 slave lake 33six 34aborines 35robert36 ted 37herman 38 conceptual 39 ellipsis 40p改错1.looked改成looking2.she后面加had3.去掉第二个a4.去掉it5.polite改成politely6.which改成that7.specially改成especially8.this改成it9.continually改成often10.mend改成narrow英译汉-如果对您有帮助，请好评，感激不尽。
TEM8_2015专业八级真题与参考答案
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS(2015)GRADE EIGHTTIME LIMIT：195 MIN PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN) SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture．You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points．Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture．When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE, using no more than three words in each gap．Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are)both grammatically and semantically acceptable．You may refer to your notes while completing the task．Use the blank sheet for note-taking．Now, listen to the mini-lecture．Understanding Academic LecturesListening to academic lectures is an important task fro university students. Then, how can we comprehend a lecture efficiently?I.Understand all (1) ______________A.wordsB.(2) ______________-stress-intonation-(3) ______________II. Adding informationA.lecturers: sharing information with audienceB.listeners: (4) ______________C.sources of information-knowledge of (5) ______________-(6) ______________ of the worldD. listening involving three steps:-hearing-(7) ______________-addingIII. (8) ______________A.reasons:-overcome noise-save timeB. (9) ______________-content-organizationIV. Evaluating while listeningA.helps to decide the (10) ______________ of notesB.helps to remember informationSECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow．Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO．Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview．At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions．Now listen to the interview．1. Theresa thinks that the present government is ________.[A] doing what they have promised to schools[B] creating opportunities for leading universities[C] considering removing barriers for state school pupils[D] reducing opportunities for state school pupils2. What does Theresa see as a problem in secondary schools now?[A] Universities are not working hard to accept state school pupils.[B] The number of state pupils applying to Oxford fails to increase.[C] The government has lowered state pupils’ expectations.[D] Leading universities are rejecting state school pupils.3. In Theresa’s view, school freedom m eans that schools should ____.[A] be given more funding from education authorities[B] be given all the money and decide how to spend it[C] be granted greater power to run themselves[D] be given more opportunities and choices4. According to Theresa, who decides or decide money for schools at the present?[A] Local education authorities and the central government.[B] Local education authorities and secondary schools together.[C] Local education authorities only.[D] The central government only.5. Throughout the talk, the interviewer does all the following EXCEPT ____.[A] asking for clarification[B] challenging the interviewee[C] supporting the interviewee[D] initiating topicsSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY．Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow．Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEETTWO．Questions 6 and 7 are based on thefollowing news,At the end ofthe news item,you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions．Now listen to the news．News Item 16. What is the main idea of the news item?[A] Fewer people watch TV once a week.[B] Smartphones and tablets have replaced TV.[C] New technology has led to more family time.[D] Bigger TV sets have attracted more people.News Item 27. How many lawmakers voted for the marijuana legalization bill?[A] 50. [B] 12.[C] 46. [D] 18.8. The passing of the bill means that marijuana can be________.[A] bought by people under 18[B] made available to drug addicts[C] provided by the government[D] bought in drug storesNews Item 39. What did the review of global data reveal?[A]Diarrhea is a common disease.[B]Good sanitation led to increase in height.[C]There were many problems of poor sanitation.[D] African children live in worse sanitary conditions.10. The purpose of Dr. Alan Dangour’s study was most likely to ________.[A] examine links between sanitation and death from illness[B] look into factors affecting the growth of children[C] investigate how to tackle symptoms like diarrhea[D] review and compare conditions in different countriesPART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there arefourreadingpassagesfollowedby a totalof20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO．TEXT AIn 2011, many shoppers chose to avoid the frantic crowds and do their holiday shopping from the comfort of their computer. Sales at online retailers gained by more than 15%, making it the biggest season ever. But people are also returning those purchases at record rates, up 8% from last year.What went wrong? Is the lingering shadow of the global financial crisis making it harder to accept extravagant indulgences? Or that people shop more impulsively - and therefore make bad decisions - when online? Both arguments are plausible. However, there is a third factor: a question of touch. We can love the look but, in an online environment, we cannot feel the quality of a texture, the shape of the fit, the fall of a fold or, for that matter, the weight of an earring. And physically interacting with an object makes you more committed .When my most recent book Brandwashed was released, I teamed up with a local bookstore to conduct an experiment about the differences between the online and offline shopping experience. I carefully instructed a group of volunteers to promote my book in two different ways. The first was a fairly hands-off approach. Whenever a customer would inquire about my book, the volunteer would take them over to the shelf and point to it. Out of 20 such requests, six customers proceeded with the purchase.The second option also involved going over to the shelf but, this time, removing the book and then subtly holding onto it for just an extra moment before placing it in the customer's hands. Of the 20 people who were handed the book. 13 ended up buying it. Just physically passing the book showed a big difference in sales. Why? We feel something similar to a sense of ownership when we hold things in our hand. That's why we establish or reestablish connection by greeting strangers and friends with a handshake. In this case, having to then let go of the book after holding it might generate a subtle sense of loss, and motivate us to make the purchase even more.A recent study also revealed the power of touch, in this case when it came toconventional mail. A deeper and longer-lasting impression of a message was formed when delivered in a letter, as opposed to receiving the same message online. Brain imaging showed that, on touching the paper, the emotional center of the brain was activated, thus forming a stronger bond. The study also indicated that once touch becomes part of the process, it could translate into a sense of possession. This sense of ownership is simply not part of the equation in the online shopping experience.As the rituals of purchase in the lead-up to Christmas change, not only do we give less thought to the type of gifts we buy for our loved ones but, through our own digital wish lists, we increasingly control what they buy for us. The reality, however, is that no matter how convinced we all are that digital is the way to go, finding real satisfaction will probably take more than a few simple clicks.11. According to the author, shoppers are returning their purchases for all the following reasons EXCEPT that ____.[A] they are unsatisfied with the quality of the purchase[B]they eventually find the purchase too expensive[C] they change their mind out of uncertainty[D] they regret making the purchase without forethought12. What is the purpose of the experiment in the bookstore?[A] T o see which promotion method is preferred by customers.[B]To find out the strengths and weaknesses of both methods.[C] T o try to set up a new retailer-customer relationship.[D] T o see the effect of an approach on customers' decisions.13. Why does the author cite the study by Bangor University and the Royal Mail Service?[A]T o compare similar responses in different settings.[B] To provide further evidence for his own observation.[C] T o offer a scientific account of the brain's functions.[D] T o describe emotional responses in online shopping.14. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A]Real satisfaction depends on factors other than the computer.[B] Despite online shopping we still attach importance to gift buying.[C] Some people are still uncertain about the digital age.[D] Online shopping offers real satisfaction to shoppers.Text BMy professor brother and I have an argument about head and heart about whether he overvalues IQ while I learn more toward EQ. We typically have this debate about people—can we be friends with a really smart jerk（怪物）?—but there’s corollary to animals as well. I’d love it if our dog could fetch the morning paper and then read it tome over coffee, but I actually care much more about her loyal and innocent heart. There’s already enough thinking going on is our house, and we probably spend too much time in our heads, where we need some role modeling is in instinct, and that’s where a dog is a roving revelation.I did not grow up with dogs, which meant that my older daughter’s respectful but unyielding determination to get one required some adjustment on my part. I often felt she was training me: from ages of 6 to 9, she gently schooled me in various breeds and their personalities, whispered to the dogs we encountered so they would charm and persuade me, demonstrated by her self-displine that she was ready for the responsibility. And thus came our dog Twist, whom I sometimes mistake for a third daughter.At first I thought the challenge would be to train her to sit, to heel, to walk calmly beside us and not go wildly chasing the neighbourhood rabbits. But I soon discovered how much more we had to learn from her than she from us.If it is true, for example, that the secret to a child’s success is less rare genius than raw persistence, Twist’s ability to stay on task is a model for us all, especially if the task is trying to capture the sunbeam that flicks around the living room as the wind blows through the branches outside. She never succeeds, and she never gives up. This includes when she runs square into walls.Then there is her unfailing patience, which breaks down only when she senses that dinnertime was 15 minutes ago and we have somehow failed to notice. Even then she is more eager than indignant, and her refusal to whine shows a restraint of which I’m not always capable when hungry.But the lesson I value most is the one in forgiveness, and Twist first offered this when she was still very young. When she was about 7 months old, we took her to the vet to be sprayed(切除卵巢). We turned her over to a stranger, who procceeded to perform a procedure that was probably not pleasant, But when the vet returned her to us, limp and tender, there was no recrimination(反责)，no how could you do that to me? It was as though she really knew that we could not intentionally cause her pain, and while she did not understand, she forgave and curled up with her head on my daughter’s lap.I suppose we could have concluded that she was just blindly loyal and docile. But eventually we knew better. She is entirely capable of disobedience, as she has proved many times. She will ignore us when there are more interesting things to look at, rebuke us when we are careless, bark into the twilight when she has urgent messages to send. But her patience with our failings and frickleness and her willingness to give us a scond chance are a daily lesson in gratitude.My friends who grew up with dogs tell me how when they were teenagers and trusted no one in the world, they could tell their dog all their secrets. It was the one friend who would not gossip or betray, could provide in the middle of the night the soft, unbegrudging comfort and peace that adolescence conspires to disrupt. An age that is all about growth and risk needs some anchors and weigths, a model of steadfastness when all else is in flux. Sometimes I think Twist’s devotion keeps my girls on a benevolent lash, one that hangs quietly at their side as they trot along but occasionally yanks them back to safety and solid ground.We’ve weighed so many decisions so carefully in raising our daughters—whatschool to send them to and what church to attend, when to give them cell phones and with what precautions. But when it comes to what really shapes their character and binds our family, I never would have thought we would owe so much to its smallest member.15. In the first paragraph, the author suggests that____.[A]a person can either have a high IQ or a low EQ[B]her professor brother cares too much about IQ[C]we need examples of how to follow one's heart[D]she prefers dogs that are clever and loyal16. According to the passage, all the following are Twist's characteristics EXCEPT____.[A]resignation[B]patience[C]forgiveness[D]tenacity17. According to the context, the meaning of the word "square"is closest to____.[A]fast[B]blindly[C]straight[D]stubbornly18.ThatTwist's devotion keeps my girls on a benevolent leash means that____.[A]Twist is capable of looking after the girls[B]Twist and the girls have become friends[C]Twist knows how to follow the girls[D]Twist's loyalty helps the girls grow up19. What does the author try to express in the last paragraph?[A]Difficulties in raising her children.[B]Worries about what to buy for kids.[C]Gratitude to Twist for her role.[D]Concerns about schooling and religion.Text CMost West African lorries ate not in what one would call the first flush of youth, and I had learnt by bitter experience not to expect anything very much of them. But the lorry that arrived to take me up to the mountains was worse than anything I had seen before: it tottered on the borders of senile decay. It stood there on buckled wheels, wheezing and gasping with exhaustion from having to climb up the gentle slope to the camp, and I consigned myself and my loads to it with some trepidation. The driver, who was a cheerful fellow, pointed out that he would require my assistance in two very necessary operations: first, I had to keep the hand brake pressed down when travelling downhill, for unless it was held thus almost level with the floor itsullenly refused to function. Secondly, I had to keep a stern eye on the clutch, a wilful piece of mechanism, that seized every chance to leap out of its socket with a noise like a strangling leopard. As it was obvious that not even a West African lorry driver could be successful in driving while crouched under the dashboard in a pre-natal position, I had to take over control of these instruments if I valued my life. So, while I ducked at intervals to put on the brake, amid the rich smell of burning rubber, our noble lorry jerked its way towards the mountains at a steady twenty miles per hour; sometimes, when a downward slope favoured it, it threw caution to the winds and careered along in a madcap fashion at twenty-five.For the first thirty miles the red earth road wound its way through the lowland forest, the giant trees standing in solid ranks alongside and their branches entwined in an archway of leaves above us. Flocks of hornbills flapped across the road, honking like the ghosts of ancient taxis, and on the banks, draped decoratively in the patches of sunlight, the agama lizards lay, blushing into sunset colouring with excitement and nodding their heads furiously. Slowly and almost imperceptibly the road started to climb upwards, looping its way in languid curves round the forested hills. In the back of the lorry the boys lifted up their voices in song:Home again, home again, When shall I see ma home? When shall I see ma mammy? I'll never forget ma home . . .The driver hummed the refrain softly to himself, glancing at me to see if I would object. T o his surprise I joined in, and so while the lorry rolled onwards trailing a swirling tail of red dust behind it, the boys in the back maintained the chorus while thedriver and I harmonized and sang complicated twiddly bits, and the driver played a staccato accompaniment on the horn.Breaks in the forest became more frequent the higher we climbed, and presently a new type of undergrowth began to appear: massive tree-ferns standing in conspiratorial groups at the roadside on their thick, squat, and hairy trunks, the fronds of leaves sprouting from the tops like delicate green fountains. These ferns were the guardians of a new world, for suddenly, as though the hills had shrugged themselves free ofcloak, the forest disappeared. It lay behind us in the valley, a thick pelt of green undulating away into the heat-shimmered distance, while above us the hillside rose majestically, covered in a coat of rippling, waist-high grass, bleached golden by the sun. The lorry crept higher and higher, the engine gasping and shuddering with this unaccustomed activity. I began to think that we should have to push the wretched thing up the last two or three hundred feet, but to everyone's surprise we made it, and the lorry crept on to the brow of the hill, trembling with fatigue, spouting steam from its radiator like a dying whale. We crawled to a standstill and the driver switched off the engine.“We must wait small-time, engine get hot, he explained, pointing to the forequarters of the lorry, which were by now completely invisible under a cloud of steam. Thankfully I descended from the red-hot inside of the cab and strolled down to where the road dipped into the next valley. From this vantage point I could see the country we had travelled through and the country we were about to enter.20. That it tottered on the borders of senile decay means that the lorry was_________. about to break downa very old vehicleunable to travel the distance[D] a dangerous vehicleWhich of the following words in the first paragraph is used literally?Flush.Borders.Operations.Gasping.We learn from the first paragraph that the author regards the inadequacies of the lorry as _________.[A] inevitable and amusing[B]. dangerous and frightening[C] novel and unexpected[D] welcome and interesting23. All the following words in the last but one paragraph describe the lorry as a humanEXCEPT .tremblingspoutingshudderingcrept24. We can infer from the passage that the author was ________.bored by the appearance of the grasslands aheadreluctant to do any walking in so hot a climateunfriendly towards the local driver and boysa little surprised to have to help drive the lorry25. A suitable title for the passage would be _______.A journey that scared meA journey to rememberThe wild West African lorryA comic journey in West AfricaText DHave you ever noticed a certain similarity in public parks and back gardens in the cities of the West? A ubiquitous woodland mix of lawn grasses and trees has found itsway throughout Europe and the United States, and it’s now spread to other cities around the world. As ecologist Peter Groffman has noted, it's increasingly difficult to tell one suburb apart from another, even when they're located in vastly different climates such as Phoenix, Arizona, or Boston in the much chillier north-east of the US. And why do parks in New Zealand often feature the same species of trees that grow on the other side of the world in the UK?Inspired by the English and New England countrysides, early landscape architects of the 19th Century such as Andrew Jackson Downing and Frederick Law Olmstead created an aesthetic for urban public and private open space that persists to this day. But in the 21st Century, urban green space is tasked with doing far more than simply providing aesthetic appeal. From natural systems to deal with surface water run-off and pollution to green corridors to increasing interest in urban food production, the urban parks of the future will be designed and engineered for functionality as well as for beauty.Imagine travelling among the cities of the mid-21st Century and finding a unique set of urban landscapes that capture local beauty, natural and cultural history, and the environmental context. They are tuned to their locality, and diverse within as well as across cities. There are patches that provide shade and cooling, places of local food production, and corridors that connect both residents and wildlife to the surrounding native environment. Their functions are measured and monitored to meet the unique needs of each city for food production, water use, nutrient recycling, and habitat. No two green spaces are quite the same.Planners are already starting to work towards this vision. And if this movement hasa buzzword it is “hyperfunctionality” – designs which provide multiple uses in a confined space, and a term coined by Richard Pouyat of the US Forest Service. At the moment, urban landscapes are highly managed and limited in their spatial extent. Even the "green" cities of the future will contain extensive areas of buildings, roads, railways, and other built structures. These future cities are likely to contain a higher proportion of green cover than the cities of today, with an increasing focus on planting on roofs, vertical walls, and formerly impervious surfaces like car parks. But built environments will still be ever-present in dense megacities. We can greatly enhance the utility of green space through designs that provide a range of different uses in a confined space. A hyperfunctional planting, for example, might be designed to provide food, shade, wildlife habitat, and pollution removal all in the same garden with the right choice of plants, configurations, and management practices.What this means is that we have to maximise the benefits and uses of urban parks, while minimising the costs of building and maintaining them. Currently, green space and street plantings are relatively similar throughout the Western world, regardless of differences in local climate, geography, and natural history. Even desert cities feature the same sizable street trees and well-watered and well-fertilized lawns that you might see in more temperate climes. The movement to reduce the resources and water requirements of such urban landscapes in these arid areas is called "xeriscaping" – a concept that has so-far received mixed responses in terms of public acceptance. Scott Yabiku and colleagues at the Central Arizona Phoenix project showed that newcomers to the desert embrace xeriscaping more than long-time residents, who are more likely toprefer the well-watered aesthetic. In part, this may be because xeriscaping is justified more by reducing landscaping costs –in this case water costs –than by providing desired benefits like recreation, pollution mitigation, and cultural value. From this perspective, xeriscaping can seem more like a compromise than an asset.But there are other ways to make our parks and natural spaces do more. Nan Ellin, of the Ecological Planning Center in the US, advocates an asset-based approach to urbanism. Instead of envisioning cities in terms what they can't have, ecological planners are beginning to frame the discussion of future cities in terms of what they do have - their natural and cultural assets. In Utah’s Salt Lake City, instead of couching environmental planning as an issue of resource scarcity, the future park is described as "mountain urbanism" and the strong association of local residents with the natural environment of the mountain ranges near their home. From this starting point, the local climate, vegetation, patterns of rain and snowfall, and mountain topography are all deemed natural assets that create a new perspective when it comes to creating urban green space. In Cairns, Australia, the local master plan embraces "tropical urbanism" that conveys a sense of place through landscaping features, while also providing important functions such as shading and cooling in this tropical climate.The globally homogenised landscape aesthetic – which sees parks from Boston to Brisbane looking worryingly similar – will diminish in importance as future urban green space will be attuned to local values and cultural perceptions of beauty. This will lead to a far greater diversity of urban landscape designs than are apparent today. Already, we are seeing new purposes for urban landscaping that are transforming the 20th centurywoodland park into bioswales – plantings designed to filter stormwater – green roofs, wildlife corridors, and urban food gardens. However, until recently we have been lacking the datasets and science-based specifications for designs that work to serve all of these purposes at once.In New York City, Thomas Whitlow of Cornell University sends students through tree-lined streets with portable, backpack-mounted air quality monitors. At home in his laboratory, he places tree branches in wind tunnels to measure pollution deposition onto leaves. It turns out that currently, many street tree plantings are ineffective at removing air pollutants, and instead may trap pollutants near the ground. My students and I equipped street trees with sensors in and around the trunk in Los Angeles to monitor growth and water use in real time to help find which species provide the largest canopies for the lowest amount of water. Rather than relying on assumptions about the role of urban vegetation in improving the environment and health, future landscaping designs will be engineered based on empirical data and state of the art of simulations.New datasets on the performance of urban landscapes are changing our view of what future urban parks will look like and what it will do. With precise measurements of pollutant uptake, water use, plant growth rates, and greenhouse gas emissions, we are better and better able to design landscapes that require less intensive management and are less costly, while providing more social and environmental uses.26. According to the passage, which of the following serves as the BEST reason for the similarity in urban green space throughout the West?[A] Climate.[B] Geography.[C] Functional purposes.[D] Design principles.27. The following are all features of future urban green space EXCEPT that .[A] each city has its distinct style of urban green space[B] urban landscape will focus more on cultural history[C] urban green space will be designed to serve many uses[D] more green cover will be seen on city roofs and walls28. Why are some local residents opposed to "xeriscaping"?[A] It cannot reduce water requirements.[B] It has proved to be too costly.[C] It is not suited for the local area.[D] It does not have enough advantages.29. According to the passage, if planners adopt an asset-based approach, they will probably .。
2008-2015专八改错真题及答案
2000 年 -2015 年专八短文改错试题2015 年 3 月 21 日专业八级考试改错When I was in my early teens, I was taken to a spectacular showon ice by the mother of a friend. Looked round a the luxury of the 1. ______rink, my friend ’s mother remarked on the “plush ”seats we had beengiven. I did not know what she meant, and being proud of my 2. ______ vocabulary, I tried to infer its meaning from the context. “Plush”was clearly intended as a complimentary, a positive evaluation; that 3. ______much I could tell it from the tone of voice and the context. So I 4. ______started to use the word. Yes, I replied, they certainly are plush, andso are the ice rink and the costumes of the skaters, aren’tthey? Myfriend ’s mother was very polite to correct me, but I could tell from her 5. ______ expression that I had not got the word quite right.Often we can indeed infer from the context what a word roughlymeans, and that is in fact the way which we usually acquire both 6. ______new words and new meanings for familiar words, specially in our 7. ______own first language. But sometimes we need to ask, as I should haveasked for Plush, and this is particularly true in the 8. ______ aspect of a foreign language. If you are continually surrounded by 9. ______ speakers of the language you are learning, you can ask them directly,but often this opportunity does not exist for the learner of English.So dictionaries have been developed to mend the gap. 10. ______2014 改错There is widespread consensus among scholars that second language acquisition (SLA) emerged as a distinct field of research from the late 1950s to early 1960s.There is a high level of agreement that the following questions (1) ______have possessed the most attention of researchers in this area: (2) ______l Is it possible to acquire an additional language in thesame sense one acquires a first language? (3) ______l What is the explanation for the fact adults have (4) ______more difficulty in acquiring additional languages than children have?l What motivates people to acquire additional language?l What is the role of the language teaching in the (5) ______acquisition of additional languages?l What social-cultural factors, if any, are relevant in studyingthe learning of additional languages?From a check of the literature of the field it is clear that all (6) ______the approaches adopted to study the phenomena of SLA so far haveone thing in common: The perspective adopted to view the acquiringof an additional language is that of an individual attempts to do (7) ______so. Whether one labels it “learning ” or “acquiring ” an additional language, it isan individual accomplishment or what is under (8) ______focus is the cognitive, psychological, and institutional status of anindividual. That is, the spotlight is on what mental capabilities are精品文档involving, what psychological factors play a role in the learning (9) ______or acquisition, and whether the target language is learnt in theclassroom or acquired through social touch with native speakers. (10) ______2013 专八短文改错试题．Psycho-linguistics is the name given to the study of the psychological processesinvolved in language. Psycholinguistics study understanding,production and remembering language, and hence are concerned with(1) _____listening, reading, speaking, writing, and memory for language.One reason why we take the language for granted is that it usually(2) ______happens so effortlessly, and most of time, so accurately.(3) ______Indeed, when you listen to someone to speaking, or looking at this page,(4) ______you normally cannot help but understand it. It is only in exceptionalcircumstances we might become aware of the complexity(5) ______involved: if we are searching for a word but cannot remember it;if a relative or colleague has had a stroke which has influenced(6) ______their language; if we observe a child acquire language; if(7) ______we try to learn a second language ourselves as an adult; orif we are visually impaired or hearing-impaired or if we meetanyone else who is. As we shall see, all these examples(8) ______of what might be called “language in exceptional circumstances ”reveal a great deal about the processes evolved in speaking,(9) ______listening, writing and reading. But given that language processeswere normally so automatic, we also need to carry out careful(10) ______experiments to get at what is happening.2012 年The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally or freely. The argument has been going since at least the first(1) ______century B.C. Up to the beginning of the 19 th century, many writersfavoured certain kind of“free”translation: the spirit, not the letter; the(2) _______sense not the word; the message rather the form; the matter not(3) _______the manner. This is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who(4) _______wanted the truth to be read and understood. Then in the turn of 19 th(5) _______century, when the study of cultural anthropology suggested thatthe linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language(6) _______was entirely the product of culture, the view translation was impossible(7) _______gained some currency, and with it that, if was attempted at all, it must be as(8) _______literal as possible. This view culminated the statement of the(9) _______extreme “literalists ”Walter Benjamin and Vladimir Nobokov.The argument was theoretical: the purpose of the translation, thenature of the readership, the type of the text, was not discussed. Toooften, writer, translator and reader were implicitly identified witheach other. Now, the context has changed, and the basic problem remains.(10) _____2011 年专八真题改错部分.精品文档From a very early age, perhaps the age of five or six, I knewthat when I grew I should be a writer. Between the ages of about1__________seventeen and twenty-four I tried to abandon this idea, but I did sowith the conscience that I was outraging my true nature and that2___________soon or later I should have to settle down and write books.3___________I was the child of three, but there was a gap of five years4__________on either side, and I barely saw my father before I was eight. For thisand other reasons I was somewhat lonely, and I soon developeddisagreeing mannerisms which made me unpopular throughout my5_____________schooldays. I had the lonely child's habit of making up stories andholding conversations with imaginative persons, and I think from6_________the very start my literal ambitions were mixed up with the feeling of7________being isolated and undervalued. I knew that I had a facility with wordsand a power of facing in unpleasant facts, and I felt that this created8________a sort of private world which I could get my own back for my failure9________in everyday life. Therefore, the volume of serious—i.e. seriously10________intended — writing which I produced all through my childhood andboyhood would not amount to half a dozen pages. I wrote my firstpoem at the age of four or five, my mother taking it down to dictation.2010 年专八真题改错部分So far as we can tell, all human languages are equallycomplete and perfect as instruments of communication: that is,every language appears to be well equipped as any other to say 1________________the things their speakers want to say. 2________________There may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive 3________________peoples or cultures, but that is another matter. Certainly, not allgroups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics orpsychology or the cultivation of rice . Whereas this is not the 4_____________fault of their language. The Eskimos , it is said, can speak aboutsnow with further more precision and subtlety than we can in 5______________English, but this is not because the Eskimo language (one of thosesometimes miscalled 'primitive') is inherently more precise andsubtle than English. This example does not come to light a defect 6______________in English, a show of unexpected 'primitiveness'. The position issimply and obviously that the Eskimos and the English live in similar 7____________environments. The English language will be just as rich in terms 8____________for different kinds of snow, presumably, if the environments in whichEnglishwas habitually used made such distinction as important. 9_____________Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo languagecould be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufactureor cricket if these topics formed the part of the Eskimos' life. 10____________2009The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passesfrom one school child to the next and illustrates the further difference (1)___________.between school lore and nursery lore. In nursery lore a verse,learnt in early childhood, is not usually passed on again when the (2)___________ little listener has grown up, and has children of their own, or even (3)____________ grandchildren. The period between learning a nursery rhyme andtransmitting it may be something from twenty to seventy years. With (4)_____________ the playground lore, therefore, a rhyme may be excitedly passed (5)___________ on within the very hour it is learnt; and in the general, it passes (6)_____________ between children of the same age, or nearly so, since it is uncommonfor the difference in age between playmates to be more than fiveyears. If ,therefore, a playground rhyme can be shown to have beencurrently for a hundred years, or even just for fifty, it follows that it (7)__________has been retransmitted over and over; very possibly it has passed (8)___________ along a chain of two or three hundred young hearers and tellers, andthe wonder is that it remains live after so much handling, (9)____________ to let alone that it bears resemblance to the (10)____________2008 年专八真题短文改错The desire to use language as a sign of national identity is avery natural one, and in result language has played a prominent ____1____part in national moves. Men have often felt the need to cultivate ____2____a given language to show that they are distinctive from another ____3____race whose hegemony they resent. At the time the United States ____4____split off from Britain, for example, there were proposals thatindependence should be linguistically accepted by the use of a ____5____different language from those of Britain. There was even one ____6____proposal that Americans should adopt Hebrew. Others favouredthe adoption of Greek, though, as one man put it, things wouldcertainly be simpler for Americans if they stuck on to English ____7____and made the British learn Greek. At the end, as everyone ____8____knows, the two countries adopted the practical and satisfactorysolution of carrying with the same language as before. ____9____Since nearly two hundred years now, they have shown the world ____10____that political independence and national identity can be completewithout sacrificing the enormous mutual advantages of acommon language.customer.20151.looked 改成 looking2.she 后面加 had3.去掉第二个 a4.去掉 it5.polite 改成 politely6.which 改成 that.7.specially 改成 especially8.this 改成 it9.continually 改成 often10.mend 改成 narrow20141.把 of 去掉。