美国文学史学习指南中文翻译

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A religious doctrine that advocates hard work, self-discipline, thrift, and sobriety, regards labour as one’s divine task, without the enjoyment of the fruit of the labour. The purpose is to purify the corrupted church as had been established by Jesus Chris himself.John cotton and William rogerRomanticismIs intellectual movement originating in Germany at the end of 18th century that gained strength in Western Europe after the Industrial Revolution, in the reaction to the social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment, its scientific rationalization of nature. The romantic values revolved around the full spectrum of the human emotional side embracing its instincts and rejecting the conventions of the Age of Reason.Romanticism的特点：frequently shared certain general characteristics, moral enthusiasm, faith in the value of individualism and intuitive perception, and a presumption that he natural world was a source of corruption.Transcendentalismas a moral philosophy, transcendentalism was neither logical nor systematized. It exalted feeling over reason, individual expression over the restraints of law and custom.2) they spoke for cultural rejuvenation and against the materialism of American society. 3）they believe in the transcendence of "over soul", an all-pervading power for goodness from which all things come and of which all things are a part.Emerson 第一个提出idealism代表人物：Emerson，believed that man was a part of absolute good。

美国文学史及选读复习笔记（1-2册）

美国文学史及选读复习笔记（1-2册）History And Anthology of American Literature (V olumeⅠⅡ)美国文学史及选读1、2PartⅠThe Literature of Colonial America殖民主义时期的文学1. 17世纪早期English and European explorers开始登陆美洲。

在他们之前100多年Caribbean Islands, Mexico and other Parts of South America已被the Spanish占领。

2. 17th早期English settlements in Virginia and Massachusetts(弗吉尼亚和马萨诸塞)开始了美国历史3. 美国最早殖民者(earliest settlers)included Dutch ,Swedes ,Germans ,French ,Spaniards ,Italians and Portuguese (荷兰人，瑞典人，德国人，法国人，西班牙人，意大利人及葡萄牙人等)。

4. 美国早期文学主要为the narratives and journals of these settlements采用in diaries and in journals(日记和日志)，他们写关于the land with dense forests and deep-blue lakes and rich soil.5. 第一批美国永久居民：the first permanent English settlement in North America was established at Jamestown,Virginia in 1607(北美弗吉尼亚詹姆斯顿)。

6. 船长约翰?史密斯Captain John Smith他的作品(reports of exploration)17th 早期出版，被认为是美国第一部真正意义上的文学作品in the early 1600s,have been described as the first distinctly American literature written in English.他讲述了filled with themes, myths, images, scenes, character and events,吸引了朝圣者和清教徒前往lure the Pilgrims and the Puritans.7. 美国第一位作家：1608年Captain John Smith写了封信《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍》“A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony”.8. 他的第二本书1612年《弗吉尼亚地图，附：一个乡村的描述》“A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the Country”.9. 他一共出版了八本书，其中有关于新英格兰的历史及描述。

美国文学史学习指南中文翻译HermanMelvill

美国文学史学习指南中文翻译H e r m a n M e l v i l l Last revision on 21 December 2020《白鲸》赫尔曼·梅尔维尔美国文学简史有些十九世纪伟大作家的创作生涯在他谈论起了是相当有趣的。

梭罗和迪金森在当时没有读者，坡和惠特曼被人误解，麦尔维尔由于忠于自己的风格，当时也没有受到重视。

他不像梭罗和迪金森那样对此满不在乎，而是常常因此痛苦万分，与惠特曼相比，他有生之年甚至完全没有得到人们的肯定。

赫尔曼·梅尔维尔的童年是快乐的，但在他11岁时，父亲去世，留下了一大笔债。

麦尔维尔很早就开始工作了，没有受过什么教育。

他做过银行职员、商人、老师，还在叔叔的农场帮过忙。

这些日子都没有让他过上好日子。

在20岁左右的时候他做了海员。

麦尔维尔的人生中有三件事应当引起我们的特别注意，出海就是其中一件事，另外两件事分别是他的婚姻和与霍桑的友谊。

但是普通的水手是工人阶级的最底层，而麦尔维尔不过是个捕鲸手，而捕鲸手有事水手里地位最低的。

但和马克·吐温一样，麦尔维尔由此了解到最底层人民的生活。

麦尔维尔去过英国的利物浦和南太平洋，他的青年时光所经历的事情对普通人来说是相当严酷，但是他在海上的经历却使他受益匪浅，为他的小说提供了丰富的素材。

麦尔维尔的婚姻生活与马克·吐温稍有不同，倒是与菲茨杰拉德更为相似。

这是三位作家区的太太的地位都比自己高，但只有马克·吐温一人获得了太太的理解与支持。

麦尔维尔和菲茨杰拉德都为了挣钱满足太太奢华的生活而写了很多粗罗德文学作品。

麦尔维尔区的市一位有钱的法官的女儿，伊丽莎白·肖。

为了供养太太和人数不断增多的家庭，麦尔维尔不得不靠写作为生，在当时的情况下，靠写作谋生是极其不易的，更何况麦尔维尔又是一位醉心文学的艺术家。

麦尔维尔曾经经济上非常窘迫，直到年迈塔菜不为这个问题操心。

1850年的夏天，麦尔维尔与霍桑相识了。

童明《美国文学史》（增订版）笔记和课后习题（含考研真题）详解

我国各大院校一般都把国内外通用的权威教科书作为本科生和研究生学习专业课程的参考教材，这些教材甚至被很多考试（特别是硕士和博士入学考试）和培训项目作为指定参考书。

为了帮助读者更好地学习专业课，我们有针对性地编著了一套与国内外教材配套的复习资料，并提供配套的名师讲堂、电子书和题库。

《美国文学史》（增订版）（童明主编）一直被用作高等院校英语专业英美文学教材，被很多院校指定为英语专业考研必读书和学术研究参考书。

为了帮助读者更好地使用该教材，我们精心编著了它的配套辅导用书。

作为该教材的学习辅导书，全书遵循该教材的章目编排，共分27章，每章由三部分组成：第一部分为复习笔记（中英文对照），总结本章的重点难点；第二部分是课后习题详解，对该书的课后思考题进行了详细解答；第三部分是考研真题与典型题详解，精选名校经典考研真题及相关习题，并提供了详细的参考答案。

本书具有以下几个方面的特点：1．梳理章节脉络，归纳核心考点。

每章的复习笔记以该教材为主并结合其他教材对本章的重难点知识进行了整理，并参考了国内名校名师讲授该教材的课堂笔记，对核心考点进行了归纳总结。

2．中英双语对照，凸显难点要点。

本书章节笔记采用了中英文对照的形式，强化对重要难点知识的理解和运用。

3．解析课后习题，提供详尽答案。

本书对童明主编的《美国文学史》（增订版）每章的课后思考题均进行了详细的分析和解答，并对相关重要知识点进行了延伸和归纳。

4．精选考研真题，补充难点习题。

本书精选名校近年考研真题及相关习题，并提供答案和详解。

所选真题和习题基本体现了各个章节的考点和难点，但又不完全局限于教材内容，是对教材内容极好的补充。

第1部分　早期美国文学：殖民时期至1815年第1章　“新世界”的文学1.1　复习笔记1.2　课后习题详解1.3　考研真题和典型题详解第2章　殖民地时期的美国文学：1620—1763 2.1　复习笔记2.2　课后习题详解2.3　考研真题和典型题详解第3章　文学与美国革命：1764—18153.1　复习笔记3.2　课后习题详解3.3　考研真题和典型题详解第2部分　美国浪漫主义时期：1815—1865第4章　美国浪漫主义时期4.1　复习笔记4.2　课后习题详解4.3　考研真题和典型题详解第5章　早期浪漫主义5.1　复习笔记5.2　课后习题详解5.3　考研真题和典型题详解第6章　超验主义和符号表征6.1　复习笔记6.2　课后习题详解6.3　考研真题和典型题详解第7章　霍桑、麦尔维尔和坡7.1　复习笔记7.2　课后习题详解7.3　考研真题和典型题详解第8章　惠特曼和狄金森8.1　复习笔记8.2　课后习题详解8.3　考研真题和典型题详解第9章　文学分支：反对奴隶制的写作9.1　复习笔记9.2　课后习题详解9.3　考研真题和典型题详解第3部分　美国现实主义时期：1865—1914第10章　现实主义时期10.1　复习笔记10.2　课后习题详解10.3　考研真题和典型题详解第11章　地区和地方色彩写作11.1　复习笔记11.2　课后习题详解11.3　考研真题和典型题详解第12章　亨利·詹姆斯和威廉·迪恩·豪威尔斯12.1　复习笔记12.2　课后习题详解12.3　考研真题和典型题详解第13章　自然主义文学13.1　复习笔记13.2　课后习题详解13.3　考研真题和典型题详解第14章　女性作家书写“女性问题”14.1　复习笔记14.2　课后习题详解14.3　考研真题和典型题详解第4部分　美国现代主义时期：1914—1945第15章　美国现代主义15.1　复习笔记15.1　复习笔记15.2　课后习题详解15.3　考研真题和典型题详解第16章　现代主义的演变16.1　复习笔记16.2　课后习题详解16.3　考研真题和典型题详解第17章　欧洲的美国现代主义17.1　复习笔记17.2　课后习题详解17.3　考研真题和典型题详解第18章　两次世界大战间的现代小说18.1　复习笔记18.2　课后习题详解18.3　考研真题和典型题详解第19章　现代美国诗歌19.1　复习笔记19.2　课后习题详解19.3　考研真题和典型题详解第20章　非裔美国小说和现代主义20.1　复习笔记20.2　课后习题详解20.3　考研真题和典型题详解第5部分　多元化的美国文学：1945年至新千年第21章　新形势下的多元化文学21.1　复习笔记21.2　课后习题详解21.3　考研真题和典型题解析第22章　美国戏剧：三大剧作家22.1　复习笔记22.2　课后习题详解22.3　考研真题和典型题详解第23章　主要小说家：1945年至60年代23.1　复习笔记23.2　课后习题详解23.3　考研真题和典型题详解第24章　1945年以来的诗学倾向24.1　复习笔记24.2　课后习题详解24.3　考研真题和典型题详解第25章　20世纪60年代以来的小说发展状况25.1　复习笔记25.2　课后习题详解25.3　考研真题和典型题详解第26章　当代多民族文学和小说26.1　复习笔记26.2　课后习题详解26.3　考研真题和典型题详解第27章　美国文学的全球化：流散作家27.1　复习笔记27.2　课后习题详解27.3　考研真题和典型题详解第1部分　早期美国文学：殖民时期至1815年第1章　“新世界”的文学1.1　复习笔记Ⅰ. Discoveries of America（发现美洲大陆）Who discovered America?谁发现了美洲？1 The credit is often attributed to Christopher Columbus. Yet this argument is controversial.一种说法是哥伦布发现了美洲大陆。

美国文学文化常识略记(英汉对应)

1.An April Day《四月的一天》2.A Psalm of Life《人生礼赞》3.Evangeline《伊凡吉林》4.The song of Hiawatha《海华沙之歌》“真正的美国史诗”5.The Courtship of Miles Standish《迈尔斯.斯坦迪什的求婚》
四、Walt Whitman惠特曼创造了自由诗体（Free verse）
The Old Man and the Sea《老人与海》
三、William Faulkner威廉福克纳
Absalom,Absalom!《押沙龙，押沙龙！》
The sound and the Fury《喧哗与骚动》
The light in August《八月之光》
As I Lay Dying《我弥留之际》
二、William Carlos Williams威廉姆斯
Pterson 《佩特森》
Red Wheelbarrow《红色手推车》
The Widow's Lament in Spring Time《寡妇的春怨》
三、T.S.Eliot
The Waste Land《荒原》标志现代主义
The love song of J.Alfred Prufrock《普洛夫洛克的情歌》
自然主义
四、Stephen Crane斯蒂文克瑞恩（第一位美国自然主义者）
Maggie:A Girl of Streets《梅吉街头女郎》
The Red Badage of Courage《红色应用勋章》
五、Frank Norris弗兰克诺里斯
The Epic of the Wheat:The Octopus,The Pit,The Wolf《小麦三部曲》

0a美文学选读翻译

达尔文的进化论对美国人思想的影响以及十九世纪法国文学对美国文学家的影响使美国产生了另一个现实主义的文学流派:美国自然主义。达尔文在《物种起源》(1859年)和《人类的由来》(1871年〉两书中提出了这样的假说:人类是从一种低级动物进化而来的。人类的特殊性不在于上帝按自己的形象创造出来,而在于他成功地适应了不断变化的环境,在基因上完成生存适应。美国自然主义作家接受了这一理论负面含义，并用之来解释文学作品里的人物行为,认为他们的特质是由遗传决定的,而他们的行为又是受社会和经济支配的。美国自然主义作家有意无意地受到了法国小说家左拉的影响,认为就象物理学家、化学家研究惰性物体,心理学家研究活的机体一样,文学家研究人物、情感、人和社会各种因素。他们选取下层社会作为表现主题,反映他们这些人的痛苦和贫困,他们是社会和自然的受害者。美国自然主义文学表现的最常见的主题是人的"兽性",并把它用来解释性欲。例如诺里斯(Frank Norris)在McTeague(1899年〉的小说里描写了被比作拉车的马、狗、熊的一个粗野的牙科医生和一个表面上很文雅的德裔美国姑娘的性关系。德莱塞(Theodore Dreiser)在《嘉莉妹妹》(Sister Carne,1900年)里在处理性关系上也带有严重的自然主义倾向。在艺术上,自然主义文学的语言显得粗糙、结构也较笨拙。在哲学上,自然主义作家认为真实的东西是人的眼睛所看不见的,或者无法控制的。人的存在是受制度决定的。由于缺乏理性,人只是环境中的一部分,所以人类无法完全理解,更无法控制他所生活的世界,因此人类并没有选择的自由。总之,自然主义产生现实主义,只是在创作上更富讽刺、更加悲观。自然主义只是另一种哲学途径的现实主义。
第二章现实主义时期
1865年至1914年间的美国文学在美国文学史上称为现实主义时期。这一时期的美国文学是美国精神的表现,尤其是美国小说。现实主义是对浪漫主义的一种反动。正视现实,不尚空想。现实主义文学又为现代主义文学铺平了道路。

美国文学史及选读的名词解释(全) (2)

Colonial Period:1.American Puritanismit comes from the American puritans, who were the first immigrants moved to American continent in the 17th century. Original sin, predestination（预言）and salvation（拯救）were the basic ideas of American Puritanism. And, hard-working, piousness（虔诚,尽职），thrift and sobriety（清醒）were praised.Romanticism Period:2.Romanticism: the literature term was first applied to the writers of the18th century in Europe who broke away from the formal rules of classical writing. When it was used in American literature it referred to the writers of the middle of the 19th century who stimulated（刺激）the sentimental emotions of their readers. They wrote of the mysterious of life, love, birth and death. The Romantic writers expressed themselves freely and without restraint. They wrote all kinds of materials, poetry, essays, plays, fictions, history, works of travel, and biography.3.Gothic tradition (哥特传统): Gothic novel or Gothic romance is a storyof terror and suspense, usually set in a gloomy old castle or monastery. In an extended sense, many novels do not have a medievalized setting, but which share a comparably sinister, grotesque, or claustrophobic atmosphere have been classed as Gothic. It contributed to the new emotional climate of Romanticism.4.Transcendentalism (先验说,超越论): is a philosophic and literarymovement that flourished in New England, particular at Concord, as a reaction against Rationalism and Calvinism (理性主义and喀尔文主义). Mainly it stressed intuitive understanding of God, without the help of the church, and advocated independence of the mind. The representative writers are Emerson and Thoreau.5.Stream of consciousness（意识流）：It is one of the modern literarytechniques. It is the style of writing that attempts to imitate the natural flow of a character’s thoughts, feelings, reflections, memories, and mental images as the character experiences them. It was first used in 1922 by the Irish novelist James Joyce. Those novels broke through the bounds of time and space, and depicted vividly and skillfully the unconscious activity of the mind fast changing and flowing incessantly。

美国文学中英文对照

美国文学中英文名称对照1、Benjamin Franklin本杰明•富兰克林1706-1790A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money;Poor Richard's Almanack穷查理历书；The Way to Wealth致富之道；The Autobiography自传2、Thomas Paine托马斯•潘恩1737-1809The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题；Common Sense常识；American Crisis美国危机；Rights of Man人的权利：Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃；The Age of Reason理性时代3、Philip Freneau菲利普•弗伦诺1752-1832The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲；The British Prison Ship英国囚船；To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士——同类诗中最佳；The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金银花；The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地4、Washington Irving华盛顿•欧文1783-1859A History of New York纽约的历史——美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作；The Sketch Book见闻札记The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说——使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家；Bracebridge Hall布雷斯布里奇田庄；Talks of Travellers旅客谈；The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉5、James Fenimore Cooper詹姆斯•费尼莫尔•库珀1789-1851The Spy间谍;The Pilot领航者;The Littlepage Manuscripts利特佩奇的手稿;Leatherstocking Tales皮裹腿故事集:The Pioneer拓荒者；The Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人;The Prairie大草原;The Pathfinder探路者;The Deerslayer杀鹿者6、William Cullen Bryant威廉•柯伦•布莱恩特1794-1878The Poems1821/1932诗选:To a Waterfowl致水鸟——英语中最完美的短诗;Thanatopsis死亡随想——受墓园派影响; The Whitefooted Deer白蹄鹿;A Forest Hymn森林赋;The Flood of Years似水流年7、Edgar Allan Poe埃德加•爱伦•坡1809-1849（以诗为诗；永为世人共赏的伟大抒情诗人——叶芝）Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque怪诞奇异故事集;Tales故事集;The Fall of the House of Usher厄舍古屋的倒塌;Ligeia莱琪儿;Annabel Lee安娜贝尔•李——歌特风格；首开近代侦探小说先河，又是法国象征主义运动的源头Tamerlane and Other Poems帖木儿和其他诗;Al Araaf,Tamerlane and Minor Poems艾尔•阿拉夫，帖木儿和其他诗;The Raven and Other Poems乌鸦及其他诗:The Raven乌鸦;The City in the Sea海城;Israfel 伊斯拉菲尔;To Hellen致海伦8、Ralf Waldo Emerson拉尔夫•沃尔多•爱默生1803-1882Essays散文集:Nature论自然——新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书;The American Scholar论美国学者;Divinity;The Oversoul论超灵;Self-reliance论自立;The Transcendentalist超验主义者;Representative Men代表人物;English Traits英国人的特征;School Address神学院演说Concord Hymn康考德颂;The Rhodo杜鹃花;The Humble Bee野蜂;Days日子-首开自由诗之先河9．Nathaniel Hawthorne纳撒尼尔•霍桑1804-1864Twice-told Tales尽人皆知的故事;Mosses from an Old Manse古屋青苔:Young Goodman Brown年轻的古德曼•布朗;The Scarlet Letter红字;The House of the Seven Gables七个尖角阁的房子——心理罗曼史;The Blithedale Romance福谷传奇;The Marble Faun玉石雕像10、Henry David Threau亨利•大卫•梭罗1817-1862Wadden,or Life in the Woods华腾湖或林中生活;Resistance to Civil Government/Civil Disobedience抵制公民政府;A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers11、Walt Whitman沃尔特•惠特曼1819-1892Leaves of Grass草叶集:Song of the Broad-Axe 阔斧之歌;I hear America Singing我听见美洲在歌唱;When Lilacs Lost in the Dooryard Bloom'd小院丁香花开时;Democratic Vistas民主的前景;The Tramp and Strike Question流浪汉和罢工问题;Song of Myself自我之歌12、Herman Melville赫尔曼•梅尔维尔1819-1891Moby Dick/The White Whale莫比•迪克/白鲸；Typee泰比; Omoo奥穆; Mardi玛地; Redburn雷得本;White Jacket白外衣;Pierre皮尔埃;Piazza广场故事;Billy Budd比利•巴德13、Henry Wadsworth Longfellow亨利•沃兹沃思•朗费罗1807-1882The Song of Hiawatha 海华沙之歌——美国人写的第一部印第安人史诗;V oices of the Night夜吟;Ballads and Other Poens民谣及其他诗;Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems布鲁茨的钟楼及其他诗;Tales of a Wayside Inn路边客栈的故事——诗集：An April Day四月的一天/A Psalm of Life人生礼物/Paul Revere's Ride保罗•里维尔的夜奔;Evangeline伊凡吉琳;The Courtship of Miles Standish 迈尔斯•斯坦迪什的求婚——叙事长诗；Poems on Slavery奴役篇——反蓄奴组诗14、John Greenleaf Whittier约翰•格林里夫•惠蒂埃1807-1892Poems Written During the Progress of the Abolition Question废奴问题;V oice of Freedom自由之声;In War Time and Other Poems内战时期所作;Snow-Bound大雪封门;The Tent on the Beach and Other Poems海滩的帐篷;Ichabod艾卡博德;A Winter Idyl冬日田园诗15、Harriet Beecher Stowe哈丽特•比彻•斯托1811-1896Uncle Tom's Cabin汤姆叔叔的小屋;A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp德雷德阴暗大沼地的故事片;The Minister's Wooing牧师的求婚;The Pearl of Orr's Island奥尔岛的珍珠;Oldtown Folks老城的人们16、Frederick Douglass弗莱德里克•道格拉斯1817-1895Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass an American Slave弗莱德里克•道格拉斯，一个美国黑人的自述/My Bondage and My Freedom我的枷锁与我的自由/The life and Time of Frederick Douglass弗莱德里克•道格拉斯的生平与时代17、Emily Dickinson埃米莉•迪金森1830-1886The Poems of Emily Dichenson埃米莉•迪金森诗集——"Tell all the truth and tell it slant"迂回曲折的，玄学的18、Mark Twain马克•吐温（Samuel Longhorne Clemens）——美国文学的一大里程碑The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County加拉维拉县有名的跳蛙;The Innocent's Abroad傻瓜出国记;The Gilded Age镀金时代;The Adventures of Tom Sawyer汤姆•索耶历险记;The Prince and the Pauper王子与贫儿;The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn哈克贝利•费恩历险记;A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court亚瑟王宫中的美国佬;The Tragedy of Pudd'nhead Wilson傻瓜威尔逊;Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc冉•达克;The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg败坏哈德莱堡的人How to Tell a Story怎样讲故事——对美国早期幽默文学的总结19、Francis Bret Harte哈特1836-1902The Luck of Roaring Camp咆哮营的幸运儿——乡土文学作家20、William Dean Howells 威廉•狄恩•豪威尔斯1837-1920The Rise of Silas Lapham赛拉斯•拉帕姆的发迹;A Modern Instance现代婚姻; A Hazard of Now Fortunes时来运转;A Traveller from Altruia从利他国来的旅客;Through the Eye of the Needle透过针眼——乌托邦小说;Criticism and Fiction;Novel-Writing and Novel-Reading小说创作与小说阅读21、Henry Adams享利•亚当斯1838-1918History of the United States During the Administration of Jefferson and Madison（历史著作）；The Education of Henry Adams:An Autobiography享利•亚当斯的教育22、William James威廉•詹姆斯1842-1910（首提"意识流"理论）Principles of Psychology 心理学原理；The Will to Believe信仰的意志；Pragmatism:A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking实用主义：某些旧思想方法的新名称；The Meaning of Truth真理的意义23、Henry James享利•詹姆斯1843-1916小说：Daisy Miller苔瑟•米乐；The Portrait of a Lady贵妇人画像；The Bostonians波士顿人；The Real Thing and Other Tales真货色及其他故事；The Wings of the Dove鸽翼；The Ambassadors大使；The Golden Bowl金碗评论集：French Poets and Novelists法国诗人和小说家;Hawthorne霍桑;Partial Portraits 不完全的画像;Notes and Reviews札记与评论;Art of Fiction and Other Essays小说艺术24、Ambrose Bierce安布罗斯•毕尔斯1842-1914?小品集：The Fiend's Deligh魔鬼的乐趣;Nuggests and Dust Panned out in California在加利福尼亚淘出的金块和金粉;Cobwebs from an Empty Skull来自空脑壳的蜘蛛网短篇小说集：Tales of Soldiers and Civilians军民故事;In the Midst of Life在人生中间;Can Such Things Be?这种事情可能吗？The Devil's Dictionary魔鬼词典（The Applicant申请者）25、Edward Bellamy爱德华•贝拉米1850-1898Looking Backward:2000-1887回顾：从2000看1887年；Equality平等；The Duke of Sockbridge:A Romance of Shay's Rebellion斯托克布里奇的公爵：雪司起义的故事;The Blindman's World and Other Stories育人的世界及其他26、Edwin Charles Markham马卡姆1852-1940The Man With the Hoe荷锄人27、Charles Waddell Chesnutt查尔斯•契斯纳特1858-1932The Conjure Woman巫女;The Wife of His Youth and Other Stories of the Color Line他青年时代的妻子（The Sheriff's Children 警长的儿女）（the pioneer of the color line）;The Marrow of Tradition一脉相承28、Hamlin Garland汉姆林•加兰1860-1940Crumbling Idol崩溃的偶像（真实主义veritism）;Man Travelled Roads大路（The Return of a Private三等兵归来）;Rose of Ducher's Cooly荷兰人山谷中的露斯;A Son of the Middle Border中部边地农家子29、O•Henry欧•享利（William Sidney Porter）1862-1910The Man Higher Up黄雀在后;Sixes and Sevens七上八下30、Edith Wharton伊迪斯•华顿1862-1937The House of Mirth欢乐之家;Ethan Frome;Bunner Sister班纳姐妹;The Age of Innocent天真时代;The Customs of the Country乡村习俗;A Backward Glance回首往事32、George Santayana桑塔亚那1863-1952Scepticism and Animal Faith怀疑主义与动物性信仰;The Realms Being存在诸领域（本质/物质/真理/精神领域：4卷）（Relativity of Knowledge）;Three Philosphical Poets三大哲学诗人；Poems（A Minuet:On Reaching the Age of Fifty小步舞曲：五十书怀）;The Last Puritan最后的清教徒33、William E•B Dubois威廉•艾伯•杜波依斯1868-1963Souls of Black Folk黑人的灵魂（Of Booker T Washington and Others）;The Suppression of the African Slave Trade into the USA 制止非洲奴隶贸易进入美国;The Philadephia Negro;John Brown;The Black Flame黑色的火焰（三部曲）34、Edgar Lee Masters埃德加•李•马斯特斯1868-1950A Book of Verse诗集;Maximilian 马克西米连（诗集）;Spoon River Anthology斯普恩河诗集（Lucinda Matlock鲁欣达•马物罗克）35、Edwin Arlington Robinson鲁宾逊1869-1935Captain Craig克雷格上尉——诗体小说；The Town Down the River河上的城镇;The Man Against the Sky衬托着天空的人;Avon's Harvest沃冯的收成;Collected Poems诗集36、Frank Norris弗兰克•诺里斯1870-1902Moran of the Lady Letty茱蒂夫人号上的莫兰（romantic）;Mc-Teague麦克提格（naturalistic）;The Epic of the Wheat（realistic）小麦诗史（The Octopus章鱼,The Pit小麦交易所）;A Deal in Wheat and Other Stories of the Old and New West小麦交易所及其他新老西部故事37、Stephen Crane斯蒂芬•克莱恩1871-1900Magic:A Girl of the Streets街头女郎梅姬（美国文学史上首次站在同情立场上描写受辱妇女的悲惨命运）；The Red Badge of Courage红色英勇勋章；The Open Boat小划子;The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky新娘来到黄天镇38、Theodore Dreiser西奥多•德莱塞1871-1945Sister Carrie嘉莉姐妹;Jennie Gerhardt珍妮姑娘;Trilogy of Desire欲望三部曲（Financer金融家,The Titan巨人,The Stoic）;An American Tragedy美国的悲剧（被称为美国最伟大的小说）;Nigger Jeff黑人杰弗39、Paul Laurence Dumbar保尔•劳伦斯•邓巴1872-1906We Wear the Mask我们带着面具他是美国第一个有成就的黑人诗人，被称为"黑种人的桂冠诗人"（Poet Laureate of the Negro Race）40、Jack London杰克•伦敦1876-1916The Son of the Wolf狼之子,The Call of the Wild野性的呼唤;The Sea-wolf海狼;White Fang白獠牙;The People of the Abyss深渊中的人们;The Iron Heel铁蹄;Marti Eden马丁•伊登;How I become a Socialist我怎样成为社会党人;The War of the Classes阶级之间的战争;What Life Means to Me生命对我意味着什么;Revolution革命;Love of Life热爱生命;The Mexican墨西哥人;Under the Deck Awings在甲板的天蓬下41、Upton Sinclair厄普顿•辛克莱尔1878-1968Spring and Harvest春天与收获;The Jungle 屠场（揭发黑幕运动的代表作家）;King Coal煤炭大王;Oil石油;Boston波士顿;Dragon's Teeth 龙齿42、Irving Babbitt欧文•白壁德1865-1933（新人文主义主要代表）Literature and the American College文学与美国学院（）要求恢复古典文学教学;The New Laokoon新拉奥孔;Rousseau and Romanticism卢梭与浪漫主义;Democracy and Leadership民主与领导;On being Creative论创造性43、Villa Sibert Cather维拉•凯塞1873-1947O,Pioneers啊，先驱们;My Antonia我的安东尼亚;The Professor's House教授之家;Death Comes for the Archibishop大主教之死44、Gertrude Stein格特鲁德•斯坦因1874-1946The Autobiography of Alice B Toklas爱丽丝•托克拉斯的自传；Tender Button温柔的钮扣45、Robert Frest罗伯特•弗罗斯特1874-1963A Boy's Wish少年心愿；North of Boston波士顿之北（Mending Wall修墙,After Apple-picking摘苹果之后）;Mountain Interval山间（成熟阶段）（The Road Not taken没有选择的道路）;West-running Brook西流的溪涧;A Further Range又一片牧场;A Witness Tree一株作证的树46、Sherwood Anderson舍伍德•安德森1876-1941Windy McPherson's Son饶舌的麦克斐逊的儿子;Marching Men前进中的人们;Mid-American Chants美国中部之歌;Winesburg,Ohio/The Book of the Grotesque俄亥俄州的温斯堡/畸人志;Poor White穷苦的白人;Many Marriages多种婚姻;Dark Laughter阴沉的笑声The Triumph of the Egg and Other Stories鸡蛋的胜利和其他故事;Death in the Woods and Other Stories林中之死及其他故事;I Want to Know Why我想知道为什么47、Carl Sandburg卡尔•桑德堡1878-1967Always the Young Stranger永远是陌生的年轻人s;In Reckless Ecstasy肆无忌惮的狂热;The Prairie Years草原的年代一、二;The War Years 战争的年代（林肯传记）;The American Songbag美国歌袋;The People,Yes人民，好;Honey and Salt蜜与盐;Corn-huskers辗米机（Fog雾）;Smoke and Steel烟与钢48、Wallace Stevens华莱士•史蒂文斯1879-1955Harmonium风琴;The Man With the Blue Guitar弹蓝吉他的人;Notes Toward a Supreme Fiction关于最高虚构的札记（Peter Quince at the Clavier彼得•昆斯弹风琴;Sunday Morning礼拜天早晨）;The Auroras of Autumn秋天的晨曦;Collected Poems诗集49、Henry Louis Mencken孟肯1880-1956Bernard Shaw:His Plays肖伯纳的戏剧;ThePhilosophy of Nietzche尼采的哲学;The American Language美车语言;Happy Days幸福的日子（自传三部曲）;Newspaper Days新闻记者的岁月;Heathe Days倡导异端邪说的年代50、William Carlos Williams威廉•卡罗斯•威廉斯1883-1963收入Des Imagistes意像派（意像派的第一部诗选）诗集：Sour Grapes;Spring and All春;The Desert Music;The Journey of Love爱的历程;Collected Poems;Complete Poems;Collected Later Poems;Pictures from Brueghel布留盖尔的肖像;Paterson佩特森（5卷长诗）;Asphodal,That Green Flower常青花日光兰（长诗）名诗：Red Wheelbarrow红色手推车;The Widow's Lament in Spring寡妇的春怨;The Dead Baby;The Sparrow ,to My Father麻雀-致父亲;Proletarian Portrait无产阶级画像（from An Early Martyr先驱）;The Great American Novels伟大的美国小说;In the American Grain美国性格;Autobiography自传51、Sinclair Lewis辛克莱•刘易斯1885-1951（美国第一个获诺贝尔奖）Dur Mr Wrenn 我们的雷恩先生;The Job求职;The Main Street大先进;Babbitt巴比特;Arrowsmith艾罗史密斯;Elmer Gantry艾尔默•甘特里;Dodsworth多兹沃斯;It can't Happen Here事情不会发生在这里;Kingsblood Royal王孙梦52、Ezra Pound艾兹拉•庞德1885-1972The Spirit of Romance罗曼司精神;The Anthology Des Imagistes意像派诗选;Cathay华夏（英译中国诗）;Literary Essays文学论;Hugh Swlwyn Mauberley;A Few Don'ts by Imagiste意像派戒条;Personage面具;Polite Essays文雅集;The Cantos of Ezra Pound庞德诗章（109首及8首未完成稿）53、Hilda Doolittle希尔达•杜丽特尔1886-1961Sea Garden海的花园;Collected Poems （Dread山精;Pear Tree;Orchard）;The Walls Do Not Fall墙没在倒塌（战争诗三部曲）;Tribute to the Angels天使颂;The Flowering of the Rod柳条葳蕤;Tribute to Freud献给弗洛伊德;Hellen in Egypt海伦在伦敦（抒情长诗）54、Thomas Stearns Eliot托马斯•艾略特1888-1965Prufrock and Other Observations普罗夫洛克（荒原意识）;The Waste Land荒原（The Burial of the Dead死者的葬礼;A Game of Chess 弈棋;The Fire Sermon火诫;Death by Water水边之死;What the Thunder Said雷电之言）;名诗：Ash Wednesday圣灰星期三;Four Quarters四个四重奏诗剧：Murder in the Cathedral大教堂谋杀案;Family Reunion大团圆;Cocktail Party鸡尾酒会55、Eugene Oneil尤金•奥尼尔1888-1953独幕剧：Bound East to Cardiff东航卡迪夫;The Long V oyage Home归途迢迢;The Moon of the Carribbeans加勒比人之月; 多幕剧：Beyond the Horizon天边外（其成名作）;Anna Christie安娜•克里斯蒂;The Emperor Jones琼斯皇;The Hairy Ape毛猿;All the God's Children Got Wings上帝的儿女都有翅膀The Great God Brown大神布朗;The Strange Interlude奇异的插曲;Mourning Becomes Electr素娥怨/悲悼a;The Iceman Cometh送冰的人来了;The Long Days Journey Into Night进入黑夜的漫长旅程/日长路远夜常深沉56、Katherine Anne Porter凯瑟琳•安•波特1890-1980Flowering Judas开花的紫荆花（Maria Conception;The Jitting of Granny Weatherall）;Pale Horse,Pale Rider;Leaning Tower and Other Stories——TheCollected Stories of K A PorterShip of Fools愚人船（唯一的一部长篇小说）;The Never Ending Wrong千古奇冤（回忆录）57、Archibald Mac Leish阿基博尔德•麦克利什1892-1982Towers of Ivory象牙塔;The Happy Marriage幸福的婚姻;Streets in the Moon月色中的街;New Found Land新发现的大陆;Conquistador新西班牙的征服者;Poems1912-1952广播剧：The Fall of the City城市的陷落;Airraid空袭58、Michael Gold迈克尔•戈尔德1894-1967120 Million一亿二千万;Change The World 改变世界;The Hollow Man空心人;Jews Without Money没在钱的犹太人（自传体小说）戏剧：Hoboken Blues;Fiesta节日;Battle Hymn歌;Prletarian Literature in the United States 美国无产阶级文学选集（与人合编）59、E Cumings肯明斯1894-1962Tulips anddd Chimneys郁金香与烟囱;The Enormous Room大房间;XLI Poems诗41首;Viva万岁;No，Thanks不，谢谢;Collected Poems诗集;Eimi 爱米（访苏游记）60、Edmund Wilson埃德蒙•威尔逊1895-1972Travel in Two Democracies在两个民主国家里旅行;To the Finland Station到芬兰站去;A Piece of My Mind:Reflection at Sixty心里话:行年六十的沉思;Axel's Castle阿克塞尔的城堡（象征主义批判的圭阜）;The Ttriple Thinkers三重思想家;The Wound and The Bow创伤与箭;The Shores of Light光明之岸;The Fruits of the MLA现代语言协会的成果61、John Dos Passos帕索斯1896-1970The Three Soldiers;Manhattan Transfer;U.S.A（The Forty-second Parallel;1919;The Big Money）;District of Columbia哥伦比亚大区（The Adventures of a Young Man一个年轻人的冒险;Number One第一号;The Grand Design伟大的计划）;Orient Express东方特别快车（游记）62、F Scott Fitzgerald弗朗西斯•菲茨杰拉德1896-1940（迷惘的一代）The Side of Paradise 人间天堂;The Beautiful and the Damned美丽的和倒霉;The Great Gatsby了不起的盖茨比;Tender in the Night夜色温柔;The Last Tycoon最后的巨头短篇小说：Flappers and Philosophers姑娘们和哲学家们;Tales of the Jazz爵士时代的故事;Taps at Reveille早晨的起床号→The Ice Palace冰宫;May Days五一节;The Diamond as Big as the Ritz像里茨饭店那样大的钻石;Winter Dreams冬天的梦;The Rich Boy富家子弟;Babylon Revisted重访巴比伦敦The Crack-up崩溃（自传体文集）63、William Faulkner威廉•福克纳1897-1962The Marble Faun云石林神（诗集）;Soldiers' Pay兵饷（小说）短篇小说：Dry September干燥的九月;The Sound and the Fury愤怒与喧嚣;As I lay dying 当我垂死的时候;Light in August八月之光;Absalom,Absolam押沙龙，押沙龙（家世小说）64、Malcolm Cowley马尔科姆•考利1898-译作：法国安德烈•纪德Andre Gide的Imaginary Interview虚构的会议诗集：Blue Juniata;The Dry Season;The Exile's Return流亡者的回归（研究"迷惘的一代"的专著）;A Second Flowering第二次繁荣（The Other War另一种战争）65、Ernest Hemingway欧内斯特•海明威1899-1961（"迷惘的一代"的代表人物）In Our Time在我们的年代里;The Torrents of Spring春潮;The Sun Also Rises太阳照样升起;Farewell to Arms永别了，武器;For Whom the Bell Tolls丧钟为谁而鸣短篇小说：Men Without Women没有女人的男人;The Winners Take Notheing胜者无所获;The Fifth Column and First Forty-nine Stories第五纵队与首次发表的四十九个短篇政论：To Have and Have Not贫与富回忆录：A Moveable Feast到处逍遥66、Hart Crane哈特•克兰1899-1932My Grandfather's Love Letters祖父的情书;Praise for an Urn瓮颂;For the Marriage of Faustus and Hellen为浮士德和海伦的婚姻而作;V oyage航海;The Bridge桥（长诗）;White Buildings白色的楼房（首部诗集）67、Thomas Wolfe托马斯•沃尔夫1900-1938Look Homeward,Angel天使，望乡→（续）Of Time and the River时间与河流;The Web and the Rock蛛网与岩石;You Can't Go HomeAgain有家归不得;The Hills Beyond远山（未完成）短篇小说：From Death to Morning从死亡到早晨68、James Langston Hughes詹姆斯•兰斯顿•休斯1902-1969Mulatto混血儿（剧本）;The Weary Blues疲倦的歌声;Dear Lovely Death亲爱的死神;Shakespear in Harlem哈莱姆的莎士比亚;I Wonder as I Wander我漂泊我思考;The Best of Simple辛普尔精选69、John Steinbeck约翰•斯坦贝克1902-1966Cup of Gold金杯;Tortilla Flat煎饼房;In Dubious Battle胜负未定;Of Mice and Men鼠和人;The Grapes of Wrath愤怒的葡萄;The Moon is Down月亮下去了;Cannery Row罐头厂街;The Pearl珍珠短篇小说：The Red Pony小红马（The Gift,The Great Mountains大山;The Promise许诺,The Leader of the People人们的领袖）70、Nathanael West韦斯特1903-1940The Dream Life of Balso Snell巴尔索•斯纳尔的梦幻生涯;The Day of Locust蝗灾之日;Miss Lonelyhearts寂寞小说71、James Farrel 法雷尔1904-1979Studs Lonigan斯塔兹•朗尼根（Young Lonigan少年朗尼根;The Young Manhood of Studs Lonigan朗尼根的青年时代,Judgement Day末日窝审判）;Danny O'Neil丹尼•奥尼尔（五部曲）;Bernard Carr伯纳德•卡尔（三部曲）短篇小说：Calico Shoes花布鞋;Guillotine Party行刑队文艺评论：A Note on Literary Criticism文艺评论札记;Literature and Morality文学与道德72、Lillian Hellman丽莲•海尔曼1905-1983The Children's Hour孩子们的时光;The Little Foxes小狐狸;Watch on the Rhine守望莱茵河;The Searching Wind彻骨的风;The Autumn Garden秋园;Tos in the Attic阁楼里的玩具;The Days to Come未来的日子;Another Part of the Forest森林的另一处回忆录：An Unfinished Wonman一个事业尚未终了的女人;Pentimento旧画新貌;Scoundrel Time邪恶的时代73、Clifford Odets克利福德•奥德茨1906-1963Waiting for Lefty等待老左/勒夫特;Awake and Sing!醒来歌唱;Till the Day I Die直到我死的那天;Paradise Lost失乐园;Golden Boy金孩子;Clash by Night夜间冲突;The Big Knife大刀;The Country Girl乡村姑娘;The Flowering Peach开花的桃树74、Richard Wright理查德•赖特1908-1960Uncle Tom's Children汤姆叔叔的孩子们;Native Son土生子;Black Boy;黑孩子The Outsiders局外人;The Long Dream漫长的梦;Eight Men八人行75、Eudora Welty尤多拉•韦尔蒂1906-短篇小说：Death of a Travelling,Salesman巡回推销员之死;A Curtain of Green and Other Stories绿窗帘和其他;The Wide Net and Other Stories 大网和其他故事;The Golden Apples金苹果;The Bridge of Innifallen英尼斯法伦的新娘长篇小说：The Robber Bridgeroom强盗新朗;Detta Wedding德尔塔的婚姻;The Ponder Heart庞德的心;The Losing Battles失败的战斗;The Optismist's Daughter乐观者的女儿76、Valdimir Nabokov弗•纳博科夫1899-1977Lolita洛莉塔;Pale Fire微暗的火;The Admiralty Sprie海军部大厦塔尖77、Anais Nin安娜伊思•宁1903-1977The Novel of Future未来的小说;Heida海达;House of Incest乱伦之家;Collages拼贴78、Issac Bashevis Singer艾萨克•辛格1904-1991Gimpel the Fool傻瓜吉姆佩尔;The Family Moskat莫斯卡特家族;Satan in Goray撒旦在戈雷;The Magician of Lublin卢布林的魔术师;The Slave奴隶;The Manor庄园;The Estate产业;Enenemies,A Love Story仇敌们，一个爱情故事;Shosha舒莎短篇小说：The Spinoza of Market Street市场街的斯宾诺莎;A Friend of Kafka卡夫卡的朋友名篇：Neighbours邻居79、Robert Penn Warren罗伯特•沃伦1905-1989Night Rider夜间骑士;At Heaven's Gate 在天堂门口;All King's Men国王的全部人马;World Enough and Time足够的世界和时间;The Cave洞穴;Band of Angels天使的队伍;A Place to Come to归宿诗集：Thirtysix Poems;Selected Poems1923-1943;Brother to Dragons;Promised:Poems1954-1956;You,Emperors and Others;Selected Poems New and Old 1923-1966;Elven Poems on the Same Themet;Incarnation Poem1966-1968显灵：1966-1968诗选;Now and Then:Poems 1976-1978此时与彼时1976-1978诗选剧作：Proud Flesh骄傲的血肉之躯;Modern Rhetoric当代修辞学；Birth of Love爱之诞生（选自与Cleanth Brooks合编的Understanding Poetry/Understanding Fiction）逃亡者集团The Fugitive的宣言书I'll Take My Stand我表明我的立场80、Tennessee William田纳西•威廉斯1911-1983American Blues美国的布鲁斯;Battle of Angels天使的战斗;The Glass Menagerie玻璃动物园;The Streetcar Named Desire欲望号街车;Cat on a Hot Tin Roof热铁皮屋顶上的猫;The Night of The Iguana鬣蜥之夜;Summer and Smoke夏与烟;The Rose Tattoo玫瑰纹;Sweet Bird of Yout可爱的青春鸟81、John Cheever约翰•契弗1912-1982短篇小说：The Expelled开除短篇小说集：The Way Some People Live一些人的生活方式;The Enormous Radio and Other Stories巨型收音机和其他;The Housebreaker of Shaddy Hill and Other Stories绿茵山窃贼和其他;Some People,Places and Things That Will Not Appear in My Next Novel一些不会在我下一部小说中出现的人物、地点、事件;The Brigadier and the Golf Widow陆军准将和高尔夫迷寡妇;The World of Apples苹果世界→The Stories of John Cheever契弗短篇小说选长篇小说：The Wapshot Chronicle/Scandal瓦普肖特纪事/丑闻;Bullet Park布利特公园;Falconer鹰猎者82、Irwin Shaw欧文•肖1913-1984Bury the Dead埋葬死者;Sailor off the Bremen不来梅港外的水手长篇小说：The Young Lions幼狮;The Troubled Air混浊的空气;Lucy Crown露茜•克朗;Two Weeks in Another Town；V oices of a Summer Day夏日的喁喁声;Rich Man,Poor Man;Evening in Byzantium;Nightwork认夜工;Beggarman,Thief;Bread upon the Waters83、Ralph Ellison拉尔夫•埃利林1914-长篇小说：Invisible Man看不见的人散文集：Shadow and Act影子与行动;Going to the Territory步入文学界84、Bernard Malamud伯纳德•马拉默德1914-1986长篇小说：The Natural天生运动员;The Assistant伙计;The Fixer装配工;A New Life新生活;God's Grace上帝的恩赐短篇小说：The Magic Barrel魔桶85、Landall Jarrel兰达尔•贾维尔1914-1965诗集：Blood for a Stranger献给一个陌生人的血;Little Friend ,Little Friend小朋友，小朋友;Losses损失;Seven-league Crutches七里格长的拐杖;The Lost World失去的世界小说：Pictures of an Institution学院小景;The Woman at the Washington Zoo华盛顿动物园的女人评论：Poetry and the Age诗歌与时代;The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner旋转炮塔炮手之死86、John Berryman约翰•贝里曼1914-1972诗：Homage to Mrs Bradstreet献给布拉兹特里夫人；The Dream Songs梦之歌;Poems1942;The Dispossessed被剥夺者（The Ball Poem小球诗）;77 Dream Songs;Berryman's Sonnets;Short Poems;His Toy;His Dream;His Rest;Love andFame;Delusion,etc错觉及其他小说：Recovery复原传记：Stephen Crane斯蒂芬•克莱恩87、Saul Bellow索尔•贝娄1915-长篇小说：Dangling Man晃来晃去/挂起来的人;The Victim受害者;The Adventure of Augie March奥基•马奇历险记;Henderson the Rain King雨王汉德逊;Herzog赫索格;Mr Summlar's Planet塞姆勒先生的行星;Humboldt's Gift洪堡的礼物中篇小说：Seize the Day且乐今朝88、Arthur Miller阿瑟•米勒1915-Situation Normal情况正常;The Man Who Had All the Luck吉星高照的人;All My Sons都是我的儿子;The Death of a Salesman推销员;The Crucible 严峻的考验/萨姆勒的女巫;A View from the Bridge桥头眺望;A Memory of Two Mondays两个星期一的回忆;After the Fall堕落之后;Incident at Vichy维希事件;The Price代价;The Creation of the World and Other Business创世及其他;The Archbishop's Ceiling大主教的天花板;The American Clock美国时钟89、Robert Lowell罗伯特•洛厄尔1917-1977诗：Lord Weary's Castle威尔利老爷的城堡;Life Studies人生探索名篇：For Sale;Walking in the Blue;For the Union Dead献给联邦死难士→自白诗运动90、J D Salinger杰罗姆•大卫•塞林格1919-短篇小说：The Young Folks年轻人短篇小说集：Nine Stories故事九篇中篇小说：Franny弗兰尼;Zooey卓埃;Raise High the Roof Beam,Carpenters木匠们，把屋梁升高;Seymour:An Introduction西摩其人长篇小说：The Cather in the Rye麦田守望者91、Betty Frieden贝蒂•弗里丹1921-The Feminine Mystique女性的奥秘;It Changed My Life它改变了我的生活;The Second Stage第二阶段（How to get the Women's Movement Moving Again）92、Alex Haley亚历克斯•哈利1921-1992The Autobiography of Malcolm X马尔科姆•艾克斯自传Roots根;Hanning汉宁镇（自传体小说）93、Jack Kerouac杰克•凯鲁亚克1922-1966（"垮掉的一代"奠基者）The Town and the City 镇和城;On the Road在路上;The Subterraneans地下居民;The Dharma Bums达摩的流浪者;Visions of Cody科迪的梦想；Doctor Sax萨克斯医生;Maggie Cassidy麦琪•卡西迪;Mexico City Blues墨西哥城的布鲁斯;Lonesome Traveller孤独的旅行者;Desolation Angels凄凉天使;Satori in Paris巴黎参禅记;Vanity of Duluoz杜卢奥斯的偏见94、Kurt Vonnegut库特•冯尼格特长篇小说：Player Piano自动钢琴;The Sirens of Titan 泰坦族的海妖;Cat's Craddle猫的摇篮;Slaughterhouse Five第五号屠场;Mother Night黑夜母亲;God Bless You,Mr Rosewater上帝保佑你，罗斯瓦特先生;Breakfast of Champions顶呱呱的早餐;Slapstick,or Lonesome No More滑稽剧,又名不再孤独;Jailbird囚犯;Deadeye Dick神枪手迪克短篇小说集：Welcome to the Monkey House欢迎到猴房来（Report on the Barnhouse Effect 关于巴恩豪斯效应的报告）95、Norman Mailer诺曼•米勒1923- （垮掉的一代；文学恐怖主义者/亡命之徒）裸者与死者；Barbary Shore巴巴里海滨;The Deer Park廘苑;An American Dream一场美国梦;The White Negro白色黑人;Advertisement for Myself为自己做广告;Why Are We in Vietnam?我们为什么要去越南;The Executioner's Song刽子手之歌;The Armies of the Night夜色幕下的大军（History as a Novel/The Novel as History）-非虚构小说;New Journalism新新闻报道96、James Dichey詹姆斯•迪基1923-诗集：Into the Stone钻入石头;Drowning With Others跟别人一起淹死（The Lifeguard救生员）;Helmets头盔;Buckdancer's Choice班克舞者的选择;Poems1957-1967;The Iodiac黄道长诗：Deliverance解脱诗论集：The Suspect in Poetry诗歌中的嫌疑犯;Babel to Byzatium从巴别尔到拜占庭97、Joseph Heller约瑟夫•海勒1923-长篇小说：Catch-22第二十二条军规;Something Happened出了毛病;As Good as Gold像高尔德一样好剧本：We Bombed in New Haven我们轰炸纽黑文;Catch-22;Clevinger's Trial克莱文杰受审（据Catch-22第八章）98、James Baldwin詹姆斯•鲍德温1924-1987散文集：Note of a Native Son土生子的笔记;Nobody Knows My Name; Fire Next Time下一次烈火;No Name in the Street他的名字被遗忘;The Devil Finds Work魔鬼找到工作小说：Go Tell it on the Mountain向苍天呼吁;Giovanni's Room乔万尼的房间;Another Country另一个国度;Tell Me How Long the Train's Been Gone告诉我火车已开多久;If Beale Street Could Talk假如比尔能说话;Just Above My Head就在我头上短篇小说集：Going to Meet the Man去见这个人剧本：The Amen Corner阿门角;Blues for Mister Charley为查理先生唱布鲁斯/黑人怨;One Day When I was Lost有一天当我迷失的时候/迷路前后100、Flannery O'Connor弗兰纳里•奥康纳1925-1964长篇小说：Wise Blood慧血;The Violent Bear It Away它为强暴者所夺走短篇小说集：A Good Man Is Hard to Find好人难寻;Everything That Rises Must Converg 上升的一切必然汇合e名文：Good Country People善良的乡下人;The Lame Shall Enter First跛腿者先进去;Greenleaf格林利夫;Revelation; Parker's Back派克的背101、William Styron威廉•斯泰伦1925-Lie Down in Darkness躺在黑暗中;The Long March 长途行军;Set This House on Fire放火烧屋;The Confessions of Nat Turner纳特•特纳的自白;Sophie's Choice索菲的选择102、Allen Ginsburg艾伦•金斯堡1926-诗集：Howl and Other Poems嚎叫及其他（America）（The Beat Generation垮掉的一代的宣言书和代表作）;Kaddish and Other Poems 卡第绪及其他; Plannet News行星消息;The Fall of America美国的衰弱103、James Wright詹姆斯•赖特1927-1980诗集：The Green Wall绿墙;Saint Judas圣徒犹大;The Tail and Eyes of a Lion狮子的尾巴和眼睛;The Branch Will Not Break树枝不会断;Shall We Gather at the River我们在河边聚会;Collected Poems; Two Citizens两位公民;Moments of the Italian Summer意大利之夏;To a Blossoming Pear Tree致盛开鲜花的梨树;This Journey; A Blessing祝福104、Edward Albee爱德华•阿尔比1928-The Zoo Story动物园的故事;The Death of Bessie Smith贝西•史密斯之死;The Sandbox沙箱;The American Dream美国梦;Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?谁害怕弗吉尼亚•伍尔夫;Tiny Alice小爱丽丝;A Delicate Balance脆弱的羊群;Seascape海景;The Lady from Dubuque来自杜布克的女人;The Man With Three Arms在臂人105、Martin Luther King Jr马丁•路德•金1929-1968I Have a Dream; Stride Toward Freedom迈向自由;Strength to Love爱的力量;Why We Can't Wait?; Where Do We Go from Here, Chaos or Community?今后我们何去何从，纷争还是团结？106、Gary Snyder加里•斯奈德1930- （ecology poet）Riprap大卵石（Piute Creek皮尤特河）;Myths Texts神话与现实;The Back Country偏僻的山村;Regarding Wave观浪（Meeting the Mountain进山）;Turtle Island龟岛;Left Out in the Rain：New Poems 1974-1985留在雨。

美国文学史及选读_部分名词解释解释详细,备有汉语解释

Free V erse:is poetry that is based on irregular rhythmic cadence（抑扬顿挫，节奏）recurring ,withvariations of phrases ,image ,and syntactical patterns rather than the conventional use of meter . In other word ,free verse has no rhythm scheme, pattern or line length, new form, new subject, message was always moreimportant than form .However ,much poetic language and devices（手段，策略）are found in free verse .It is used in Walt Whitman’s poems.Local Colorism: is defined by Hamlin Garland加兰in his Crumbling Idols as having “such quality of texture（手感，质感）and background that is could not have been written in any other place or by anyone else than a native”Texture refers to the elements which characterize（是---特征，以----为特征）a local culture , elements such as speech , customs , and mores peculiar to one particular place.Background covers physical身体setting and those distinctive qualities of landscape which human thoughtand behavior.Other definition: a trend first made its presence felt in the late 1860s and early 1870s in America. It may be defined as the careful attention in speech, dress or behavior peculiar to a geographical locality.The ultimate aim of the local colorists is to create the illusion错觉，幻想of an indigenous土生土长的，固有的little word with qualities that tell it apart from the world outside.Major Local Colorists: Mark Twain; Hamlin Garland (Main Travelled Roads)Imagism:1) It is a Movement in U.S and English poetry characterized by the use of concrete明确的，实体的language and figures of speech, modern subject matter主旨, metrical韵律freedom, and avoidance of romantic or mystical themes, aiming at clarity of expression through the use of precise精确的visual看得见的images.2) It grew out of the symbolism movement in 1912 and was initially led by Ezra Pound, Amy Lowell, and others.3) The Imagist manifesto宣言came out in 1912 showed three Imagist poetic principles:A: Direct treatment of the “thing” whether subject or objective.B: To use absolutely no word that does not contribute to the presentation.C: As regarding rhythm: to compose创作in the sequenc e有关联的一组事物, 一连串of musical phrase, not in sequence of a metronome节拍器.4) Pound defined the image as that which presents an intellectual and emotional complex in an instant of time,版权所有本人亲自打出来的期末复习资料and later he extended this definition when he started that an image was “a vortex旋窝or cluster串of fused熔化; 融合ideas, endowed with energy”.5) The existed great influence in Chinese poetry on the movement of Imagism. Imagists found value in Chinese poetry was because Chinese poetry is, by virtue长处of the ideographic象形文字and pictographic nature of Chinese language, essentially imagistic poetry.The Lost Generation:is a term used to describe a group of American intellectuals知识分子, poets, artists and writers fled to France in the post WW1 years to reject the values of American materialism唯物主义and to seek the bohemian(放浪者)(a person with artistic or literary interests who disregards conventional standards ofbehavior) lifestyle in Pairs. Full of youthful idealism, these individuals sought the meaning of life, drank excessively, had love affairs and created some of the finest American literature to date.Refers to the disillusioned使不再抱幻想intellectuals and aesthetes审美家of the years following WW1, who rebelled against former ideals and values but could replace them only by despair or a cynical愤世嫉俗的hedonism(快乐主义).The main representatives代表人of Lost Generation include F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway and so on.Modernism:is a culture movement that is generally includes the progressive不断有进展的art and architecture建筑学,design, literature, music, painting ,dance and other visual arts which emerged in the beginning of 20th century, particular in the years following WW1. It was a movement of artists and designers who rebelled against the 19th century academic and historicist tradition, and embraced信奉，拥抱the new economic,social and political aspects of the emerging modern world.Modernism in literature is not easily to summarized, but the key elements are experimentation, anti-realism, individualism and a stress on the cerebral诉诸理性的;非感情方面的rather than emotive-aspects.The avant-garde革新者movements that followed-including Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, Cubism立体派, Futurism未来主义, Expressionism, Constructivism构成主义and Abstract抽象Expressionism are generally defined as Modernist.版权所有本人亲自打出来的期末复习资料The work of Modernist writers is characterized by showing the disenchantment脱离, 分离, dislocation脱位, and alienation疏远of men in the world, and by the emphasis on experimentation and formalism形式主义and objectivism which are, in most cases, a reaction to the cataclysm大灾难known as the Modern Age.Among the American writer, the best known Modernism is Ezra Pound, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway and so on.Transcendentalism:is a philosophical哲学上的and literary movement that flourished繁荣in New England from about 1836-1860. It originated among a small group of intellectuals who were reacting against the orthodoxy正统观念of Calvinism and rationalism理性主义of the Unitarian唯一神论者Church, developing their own faith centering on the divinit y宗教的，神学的of humanity and the natural world. Transcendentalismderived some of its basic idealistic concepts from romantic German philosophy, and from such English authors as Carlyle, Coleridge and Wordsworth. Its mystical aspects were partly influenced by Indian and Chinese religiousteachings. The beliefs that God is immanent天生的，内在的in each person and in nature and that individual intuition直觉is the highest source of knowledge led to an optimistic emphasis on individualism, self-reliance,and rejection of traditional authority. The Ideas of transcendentalism were mostly eloquently expressed by Ralph Waldo Emerson in such essay as Nature and Self-reliance and by Henry David Thoreau in his book Walden. Major Features:A. placing emphasis on spirit, or the Oversoul, as the most important thing in the universe --- a new way of looking at the world (omnipresent无所不在, omniscient无所不知, omnipotent全能的)B. the importance of the individual as the most important element of society. --- A new way of looking at man (The regeneration新生，革新of the society could only come about through the regeneration of the individual, through his self-perfection, self-culture, self-improvement, self-reliance)C. offering a fresh perception认识，看法of nature as symbolic of Spirit or God. (Nature was not purely matter. It was the garment衣服of the Oversoul.)Jazz Age:describe he period of 1920s and 1930s, the years between WW1 and WW2, particular in NorthAmerican; with the rise of the Great Depression, the values of the age saw much decline. The most representative literature work is The Great Gatsby highlighting强调what some describe as the decadence衰落，堕落and hedonism享乐主义, as well as the growth of individualism. Fitzgerald is largely credited with coining the term 版权所有本人亲自打出来的期末复习资料。

美国文学简史中文版

美国文学(American Literature)美国文学的历史不长，它几乎是和美国自由资本主义同时出现，较少受到封建贵族文化的束缚。

美国早期人口稀少，有大片未开发的土地，为个人理想的实现提供了很大的可能性。

美国人民富于民主自由精神，个人主义、个性解放的观念较为强烈，这在文学中有突出的反映。

美国又是一个多民族的国家，移民不断涌入，各自带来了本民族的文化，这决定了美国文学风格的多样性和庞杂性。

美国文学发展的过程就是不断吸取、融化各民族文学特点的过程。

许多美国作家来自社会下层，这使得美国文学生活气息和平民色彩都比较浓厚，总的特点是开朗、豪放。

内容庞杂与色彩鲜明是美国文学的另一特点。

个性自由与自我克制、清教主义与实用主义、激进与反动、反叛和顺从、高雅与庸俗、高级趣味与低级趣味、深刻与肤浅、积极进取与玩世不恭、明快与晦涩、犀利的讽刺与阴郁的幽默、精心雕琢与粗制滥造、对人类命运的思考和探索与对性爱的病态追求等倾向，不仅可以同时并存，而且形成强烈的对照。

从来没有一种潮流或倾向能够在一个时期内一统美国文学的天下。

美国作家敏感、好奇，往往是一个浪潮未落，另一浪潮又起。

作家们永远处在探索和试验的过程之中。

20世纪以来，许多文学潮流起源于美国，给世界文学同时带来积极的与消极的影响。

殖民地时期印第安人的文化欧洲人发现新大陆的时候，北美洲的土著居民印第安人处于原始公社制度各种不同的阶段。

印第安人在向大自然的斗争中创造了自己的文化，主要是民间口头创作，包括神话传说和英雄传说。

由于他们没有文字，这些传说后来才得以整理问世，启发了后世美国作家的灵感。

早期移民的文化移民刚到新大陆时忙于生存斗争，所以开始时文学发展比较缓慢。

最早发表的关于北美的作品是游记、日记之类的文字。

作者都是英国人。

英国殖民地建立之后，统治者利用宗教，主要是清教主义作为控制殖民地思想意识的主要手段，因此许多出版物是关于神学的研究。

著名的作家有科顿·马瑟(1663-1728)和乔纳森。

美国文学简史中文版(上 (1)

Ӝࠬ੎ङ‫ީ઻ڥ‬ਗ਼ߣङͫѸ‫ٷ‬ள‫ޗ‬Иࣿ߄澞չҿѕࡇ‫॔ޕ‬ઢѮપ▲߽ͫ ‫॔ܧ‬ԗдङӜࠬ੎ީԷїԭআ‫؍‬ыਘ૯‫઻ڥ‬չࣿࡴ࣫‫ؘ‬ङӊࣁ澞П੽љӜࠬ ੎Շ‫ي‬૜ߛङ॔ઢѮપ寸ؔдԭআ‫؍‬ыՍ‫ކף‬؆ङׂॅ澞‫ـ‬঒Љգङࡇ‫߄ޕ‬ ЉգङࣔࢵͫѸӜࠬ੎଑▲‫ހ⥭֨઻ڥ‬ত॔չӫЍଭक़‫ސ‬வՕЊИ֢੗‫ޕ‬՗ 峪Иङࠀ੉‫ࣦض‬չ䜳‫॔ޕ‬ઢѮપИङ‫࡯إ‬஌बど২澞
֨ӫ‫ڏ‬଑▲‫ޏ۝ۃ‬Ѝउङଋ३Иͫ২֢֨ 澝 Ѝ঵ۨд▲Зٚ‫ם‬ङડ ௠֫澞֨ਸ਼֢չ੼ࠬ‫ۨڥ‬ङ‫۝ۃ‬Օљ֨଑Зડ௠֫૴ԗО੧Ԉͫ৲ЉՉٝ৆ ଋ‫ޞ‬ङ‫॑ڏد‬ѫ଻пࡣ‫گ‬澝Ю⛻ЊѮ৏ङ‫܃ٴ‬澞଻З‫ࡳࠬ֨ߊޞ‬ՑީՕљપ પङз‫֨ͫە‬২֢‫ؼ‬Օљ‫ؘؘ֪֨֨‬Ԅӱ澞‫׷‬й‫ކ‬ਫ‫ז‬ҽͫ৐৲ૈॲؑ‫ݷݾ‬ ஶկ੏଍ԈЊࣲ‫ޞۅ‬їङؑ‫ݾ‬澝‫࡞ݺ‬澝‫ކ‬ԗஶոͫ֨‫םޏ‬ஏۨд‫ࡴࣿٯޙ‬ङ ࠥ‫ڔ‬澞֨‫ߊޝ‬ङ㼏ࡇ֪‫ڢ‬Иͫ௛੉ભ‫׉‬Њ؉յ֠ङ‫ډ‬䂷ࣜࠀ澝ৢ‫َڱ‬Ճљե Ԙୂ▲пؔ‫ل‬Ԛङ‫ݷݾޏؘ࣫ީࡇل‬ஶࣲ‫۝‬ङИࡶ䪖ߴ澞଑п१ࡇৱђߛӱ ‫םޏ‬ஏङ Ѝ঵ߍ‫׷ڐؼ‬д‫ކ‬؆ङӫҁ澞ѕћङӫҁӄ‫ؠ‬П੽ީ߄Ҽ‫םޏ‬ஏ ङ௎֦ы‫ە‬澝ਘࣀչࡇ୿ࣿࡴͫѕћ۪ৱљ‫ޙ‬ઓङ‫۪ͫڔڥ‬ৱљ࢕ઓ澝சঃ ङ‫ߛڔڥ‬ઓ‫ڣ‬۱੿۱஁澞Љଋͫ֨ Ѝ঵ФӹͫԘ২‫ם‬ஏЇׂߎ࡚߄эТӟ ࣒࣍չԭӳս澞‫ߊޝ‬ङԭӳսәЧҶୂީђ২֢ԭӳӟ࣍Фե଍ӱԘ২‫ם‬ஏ ߛङ澞‫ם‬঳ӱд Ѝ঵ИՙͫԘ২㼏ࡇ֪۵‫׷ڐ‬ӟ࣫дं‫ل‬ѻ֨‫םޏ‬ஏङ‫ކ‬ ыӊӟߛङ‫ކ‬؆ҁս澞‫ࡶ߂ޞڢ‬੧ङ‫ކ‬؆‫ީڔڥ‬峪࠱ͫҿࠩީ‫ͫކށ‬சঃչ ࢕ઓ澞ѸЉ঒ђӄ‫ؠ‬ӱ‫ͫڔڥ‬ଐୃԝӣঠনչ㎷䱣澞‫ـ‬঒‫ͫ࠴ײ‬଑ࡂॽީԘ ২‫ם‬ஏߎ֦ણࣿङ‫ކ‬؆ͫީ২ӯֳࡇ‫ކޕ‬؆ङ߂Ӭㄉਃ澞

美国文学中英对照

11、Walt Whitman沃尔特?惠特曼1819-1892Leaves of Grass草叶集:Song of the Broad-Axe阔斧之歌;I hear America Singing我听见美洲在歌唱;When Lilacs Lost in the Dooryard Bloom'd小院丁香花开时;Democratic Vistas民主的前景;The Tramp and Strike Question流浪汉和罢工问题;Song of Myself自我之歌
7、Edgar Allan Poe埃德加?爱伦?坡1809-1849（以诗为诗；永为世人共赏的伟大抒情诗人——叶芝）Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque怪诞奇异故事集;Tales故事集;The Fall of the House of Usher厄舍古屋的倒塌;Ligeia莱琪儿;Annabel Lee安娜贝尔?李——歌特风格；首开近代侦探小说先河，又是法国象征主义运动的源头
8、Ralf Waldo Emerson拉尔夫?沃尔多?爱默生1803-1882Essays散文集:Nature论自然——新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书;The American Scholar论美国学者;Divinity;The Oversoul论超灵;Self-reliance论自立;The Transcende Men代表人物;English Traits英国人的特征;School Address神学院演说
21、Henry Adams享利?亚当斯1838-1918History of the United States During the Administration of Jefferson and Madison（历史著作）；The Education of Henry Adams:An Autobiography享利?亚当斯的教育

童明《美国文学史》(增订版)笔记和课后习题答案考研资料

童明《美国文学史》（增订版）笔记和课后习题（含考研真题）详解完整版>精研学习网>无偿试用20％资料全国547所院校视频及题库资料考研全套>视频资料>课后答案>往年真题>职称考试目录隐藏第1部分早期美国文学：殖民时期至1815年第1章“新世界”的文学1.1复习笔记1.2课后习题答案1.3考研真题和典型题详解第2章殖民地时期的美国文学：1620-17632.1复习笔记2.2课后习题答案2.3考研真题和典型题详解第3章文学与美国革命：1764-18153.1复习笔记3.2课后习题答案3.3考研真题和典型题详解第2部分美国浪漫主义时期：1815-1865第4章美国浪漫主义时期4.1复习笔记4.2课后习题答案4.3考研真题和典型题详解第5章早期浪漫主义5.1复习笔记5.2课后习题答案5.3考研真题和典型题详解第6章超验主义和符号表征6.1复习笔记6.2课后习题答案6.3考研真题和典型题详解第7章霍桑、麦尔维尔和坡7.1复习笔记7.2课后习题答案7.3考研真题和典型题详解第8章惠特曼和狄金森8.1复习笔记8.2课后习题答案8.3考研真题和典型题详解第9章文学分支：反对奴隶制的写作9.1复习笔记9.2课后习题答案9.3考研真题和典型题详解第3部分美国现实主义时期：1865-1914第10章现实主义时期10.1复习笔记10.2课后习题答案10.3考研真题和典型题详解第11章地区和地方色彩写作11.1复习笔记11.2课后习题答案11.3考研真题和典型题详解第12章亨利詹姆斯和威廉迪恩豪威尔斯12.1复习笔记12.2课后习题答案12.3考研真题和典型题详解第13章自然主义文学13.1复习笔记13.2课后习题答案13.3考研真题和典型题详解第14章女性作家书写“女性问题”14.1复习笔记14.2课后习题答案14.3考研真题和典型题详解第4部分美国现代主义时期：1914-1945第15章美国现代主义15.1复习笔记15.2课后习题答案15.3考研真题和典型题详解第16章现代主义的演变16.1复习笔记16.2课后习题答案16.3考研真题和典型题详解第17章欧洲的美国现代主义17.1复习笔记17.2课后习题答案17.3考研真题和典型题详解第18章两次世界大战间的现代小说18.1复习笔记18.2课后习题答案18.3考研真题和典型题详解第19章现代美国诗歌19.1复习笔记19.2课后习题答案19.3考研真题和典型题详解第20章非裔美国小说和现代主义20.1复习笔记20.2课后习题答案20.3考研真题和典型题详解第5部分多元化的美国文学：1945年至新千年第21章新形势下的多元化文学21.1复习笔记21.2课后习题答案21.3考研真题和典型题解析第22章美国戏剧：三大剧作家22.1复习笔记22.2课后习题答案22.3考研真题和典型题详解第23章主要小说家：1945年至60年代23.1复习笔记23.2课后习题答案23.3考研真题和典型题详解第24章1945年以来的诗学倾向24.1复习笔记24.2课后习题答案24.3考研真题和典型题详解第25章20世纪60年代以来的小说发展状况25.1复习笔记25.2课后习题答案25.3考研真题和典型题详解第26章当代多民族文学和小说26.1复习笔记26.2课后习题答案26.3考研真题和典型题详解第27章美国文学的全球化：流散作家27.1复习笔记27.2课后习题答案27.3考研真题和典型题详解内容简介隐藏作为该教材的学习辅导书，全书完全遵循该教材的章目编排，共分27章，每章由三部分组成：第一部分为复习笔记（中英文对照），总结本章的重点难点；第二部分是课后习题详解，对该书的课后思考题进行了详细解答；第三部分是考研真题与典型题详解，精选名校经典考研真题及相关习题，并提供了详细的参考答案。

《美国文学史及选读》(吴伟仁)第二部分理性和革命时期文学历史背景(汉语翻译)

美国文学第二部分理性和革命时期文学历史背景众所周知，神学主宰了清教徒时期的美国文学，给当时人们思想影响也最深。

其次才是政治。

用书面或口头形式倡导的这些理念，鼓舞和指引了当时殖民地人们的行为。

其中大部分作者作为思想的引导者，理所当然地在美国独立战争中扮演了极其重要的角色。

托马斯·佩因声情并茂的《常识》和美国的《独立宣言》在取得战争胜利的过程中，同华盛顿、拉斐特的武装力量一样起到了同等重要的雄浑有力的作用。

如果没有托马斯·佩因的作品，很有可能就没有华盛顿领导的军队;没有托马斯·杰弗逊的作品，法国人就不可能帮助殖民地人民完成独立革命。

正在各州积极准备独立战争时，是政治家和文学家相互争论，才使得原来的十三州统一了认识。

他们必须联合起来，形成一个统一的联邦国家。

十八世纪的中期，殖民地的美国人不再是由一些分散的殖民者构成，他们的生活较之以前更为安稳。

随着殖民地的迅速扩大和发展，相邻的繁荣的各种殖民地逐渐形成，人们开始相互融合，逐渐呈现出一派欣欣向荣的景象。

这时人们习惯用“州”来取代以往的“殖民地”，“州”开始指代一个独立的政府，代表了当时的时代潮流，这也是人们政治思想转变的一个极其重要的信号。

这些州的人们生机勃勃，对生活充满了希望，自然资源丰富，本土工业开始迅速生根发芽。

同时文学活动也逐渐活跃起来。

波士顿仍是当时文化的中心，费城、纽约和弗吉尼亚州经过发展开始逐渐享有同波士顿同等重要的地位，这里政治家、文学家辈出，同波士顿比较起来也毫不逊色。

社会进步，尤其是工业的增长，直接加剧了殖民地与英国之间的矛盾。

英国政府不愿意让殖民地的工业迅速发展强大，以至同他们本土竞争。

他们希望这块土地在政治上、经济上永远隶属于英国。

他们采取一系列措施来防止殖民地独立，加强同英国本土联系。

在经济方面，英国要求殖民地出口原材料，然后从英国购回高成本的机器。

这无疑直接阻碍了殖民地的经济发展。

政治方面，他们要求这些殖民地由隔海相望的英国政府统一管理，殖民地必须交纳各种税收，但在议会中却并没有殖民地的代表。

美国文学史1所学知识总结

A Review:美国文学史（1）所学知识点总结I The Colonial PeriodCaptain John SmithAmerican Puritanism(Calvinism(TULIP:⏹Total depravity (全然败坏)⏹Unconditional election （无条件的挑选）⏹Limited atonement （有限的待赎）⏹Irresistible grace （不可抗拒的恩典）⏹Perseverance of the saints （圣徒蒙保守）Protestantism, Puritanism )What did most of the early writers write mostly?: description of the natural scene of the new continent; religious zeal; record of their experiences of immigration andtheir life in the new continent.)II The Age of Enlightenment“Reason ”1. Benjamin Franklin (Deism,自然神论Deists typically reject supernaturalevents (prophecy, miracles) and tend to assert that God does not interfere with humanlife and the laws of the universe.1）Autobiography;（13 virtues:1）Temperance;2) Silence3) Order 4) Resolution 5) Frugality 6) Industry—Lose no time; be alwaysemployed in something useful7)Sincerity 8) Justice 9) Moderation10) Cleanliness11) Tranquility12) Chastity13) Humility2）Poor Richard’s Almanac(a collection of proverbs)2. Thomas Paine:Common SenseIII Romantic Period1. Washington Irving “Father of American Literature” the first belletrist in Am Lit;1)“Rip V an Winkle”2)“The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”2. James Fennimore Cooper “American Scott” * Historical Novel“frontier, wilderness”Leatherstocking Tales : a series of 5 novels:The Deerslayer; The Last of the Mohicans; The Pathfinder;The Pioneers; The Prairie3. Nathaniel HawthorneHis family history; his views of sin; feature of his writing: ambiguityHis major works;E.g. The Scarlet Letter(The Scarlet Letter；Hester Prynne, Roger Chillingworth, Arthur Dimmesdale,Pearl,)4. Herman Melville:Moby Dick (symbols, major themes, characters: Ishmael . Ahab, Pequod)5: New England Transcendentalism:Features:1) emphasis on spirit or the Oversoul as the most important thing in the universe2) the individual as the most important element of society3) nature as symbolic of the Spirit or GodRalph Waldo Emerson: “Nature”“The American Scholar”: America’s Declaration of Intellectual IndependenceHenry David Thoreau: Walden (which chapter in Walden impresses you most?) “Civil Disobedience”: Nonviolent struggle“A Plea for Captain John Brown”: his anti-slavery attitude6. Edgar Allan PoeGothic Tales : Major featuresa short story: “The Fall of the House of Usher”;Poems: “The Raven”; “To Helen”7. Two Greatest poets in 19th century AmericaWalt Whitman : “America’s poet”; “Father of free verse”Free verse ; Leaves of Grass“O Captain! My Captain!”“Song of Myself”“I Hear America Singing”Emily Dickinson:“Because I could not stop for Death”“Wild Nights-Wild Nights ”The subjects in her poetry;Characteristics:Short lines; Lack titles; Slant rhyme; Unconventional capitalization Unconventional punctuation; full of images.IV. American Realism(Definition; fidelity, actuality, truthful depiction of life)1. William Dean Howells （focusing on the rising middle class）2. Mark Twain (focusing on the lower class) (Local Colorism)3. Henry James (focusing on the upper class)(international theme, psychological analysis)The differences among the three writers.American Naturalism: social and economic factors; natural and hereditary reasons※ American Realism and American Naturalism(3 major ideas; mood: pessimistic; objects; themes.)Stephen Crane :The Red Badge of Courage (war)Maggie, A Girl of StreetsFrank Norris: Mcteague; The Octopus Theodore Dreiser Sister Carrie。

《美国文学史》各章节知识点指南

《美国文学史》各章节知识点指南时间：2011年2月使用教材：《美国文学史》（第二版）常耀信著Chapter 1 Colonial America★1607 Jamestown, Virginia：the first permanent English settlement in America★1620 Plymouth, Massachusetts: the second permanent English settlement in America★Captain John Smith: the first American writer writing in English★Anne Bradstreet: the first American woman poetMajor work: The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up in America (1650)Contemplations (9) on P. 17 （熟悉这首诗歌）To My Dear and Loving Husband《致我亲爱的丈夫》★Philis Wheatley: the first black woman poet in American literature★Edward Taylor: the most famous poet in the colonial periodHuswifery on P. 19 （熟悉这首诗歌）★Roger Williams: The Bloody Tenet of Persecution for the Cause of Conscience (1644)Translated the Bible into the Indian tongue★John Winthrop: ―Model of Christian Charity‖（〈基督慈善之典范〉）The History of New England (two volumes, 1825, 1826)(〈新英格兰史〉) 1630 --- 1649 in diary★Thomas Paine: Common Sense, The American Crisis, The Rights of Man, The Age of Reason ★Philip Freneau: Poet of the American RevolutionThe Wild Honeysuckle, The Indian Burying Ground, The Dying Indian: TomoChequi★Charles Brockden Brown: the first important American novelistWieland, Edgar Huntly, Ormond, Aurthur MervynChapter 2 Edwards, Franklin, Crevecoeur★the 18th century: Age of Reason and Enlightenment★Jonathan Edwards: America’s first systematic philosopherThe Freedom of the Will, Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God★Benjamin Franklin: The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, Poor Richard’s Almanac熟悉37页的引文★Hector St. John de Crevecoeur: Letters from an American FarmerChapter 3 American Romanticism, Irving, Cooper★Washington Irving: the first American writer to win international acclaimThe Sketch Book: Rip V an Winkle, The Legend of Sleepy Hollow★James Fenimore Cooper: Leatherstocking Tales (五个故事的题目)Natty Bumpo (人物形象)Chapter 4 New England Transcendentalism, Emerson, Thoreau★Ralph Waldo Emerson: Nature (the Bible and manifesto of New England Transcendentalism)The American Scholar (America’s Declaration of IntellectualIndependence)★Henry David Thoreau: Walden, or Life in the WoodsChapter 5 Hawthorne, Melville★Nathaniel Hawthorne: The Scarlet Letter, Twice-Told Tales, The House of the Seven Gables, The Blithedale Romance, The Marble Faun, Young Goodman Brown★Herman Melville: Moby Dick, Omoo, Mardi, Redburn, White Jacket, PierreChapter 6 Whitman, Dickinson★Walt Whitman: Leaves of Grass; free verse; Song of Myself★Emily Dickinson: Of the 1775 poems, only 7 poems were published in her lifetime.熟悉教材中98至102页所选的诗歌Chapter 7 Edgar Allan Poe★Edgar Allan Poe: The Fall of the House of Usher, The Philosophy of Composition, The Poetic Principle, The Raven，To Helen熟悉教材中107页所选的The Raven中的部分诗行Chapter 8 The Age of Realism, Howells, James★William Dean Howells: The Rise of Silas Lapham, Criticism and Fiction★Henry James: important writings listed on P. 125the international themeChapter 9 Local Colorism, Mark Twain★Hamlin Garland: Crumbling Idols, Veritism (真实主义)★Bret Harte: The Luck of Roaring Camp★Mark Twain: 主要作品, vernacular literature, colloquial style★Harriet Beecher Stowe 斯托夫人& her Uncle Tom’s Cabin《汤姆叔叔的小屋》★Louisa May Alcott 路易莎·梅·奥尔科特& her Little Women 《小妇人》★Kate Chopin 凯特·肖班& her The Awakening 《觉醒》Chapter 10 American Naturalism, Crane, Norris, Dreiser, Robinson★Stephen Crane: Maggie: A Girl of the Streets (the first naturalistic novel in American literature), The Red Badge of Courage (the first anti-war novel in American literature),Famous short stories: The Open Boat, The Bride Comes to the Yellow Sky★Frank Norris: The Octopus, McTeague★Theodore Dreiser: Sister Carrie, Jennie Gerhardt, the Desire Trilogy, The Genius★Edwin Arlington Robinson: Richard Cory★Jack London: The Call of the Wild, White Fang, The Sea Wolf, Martin Eden★O. Henry (William Sidney Porter): famous for his short stories such as The Gift of the Magi★Upton Sinclair: The Jungle, the Muckraking MovementChapter 11 The 1920s, Imagism, Pound★The first American Renaissance: the first half of the 19th century★The second Renaissance: the 1920s★The three principles of the Imagist Poetry★熟悉四首意象派诗歌：In a Station of the Metro, Oread, The Red Wheelbarrow, Fog, 并会分析其中的第一和第四首★Ezra Pound: The Cantos, Hugh Selwyn MauberleyChapter 12 T. S. Eliot, Stevens, Williams★T. S. Eliot: The Waste Land （五个部分的题目）, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock 其他主要作品founder of New Criticism: depersonalization, objective correlative★William Carlos Williams: PatersonChapter 13 Frost, Sandburg, Cummings, Hart Crane, Moore★Robert Frost: New England poet, lyrical poet, the unofficial poet laureate, won the Pulitzer Prize four timesThe Road Not Taken (熟悉此诗), Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening,Mending Wall, Apple-picking <<摘苹果>>★Carl Sandburg: Fog, The Harbor (two famous Imagist poems)★ E. E. Cummings: the most interesting experimentalist in modern American poetry★Hart Crane: The BridgeChapter 14 Fitzgerald, Hemingway★F. Scott Fitzgerald: the spokesman of the Jazz AgeThe Great Gatsby★Ernest Hemingway: Hemingway hero with ―grace under pressure‖, the iceberg principle“I always try to write on the principle of the iceberg. There is seven-eights of it under water for every part that shows. Anything you know you can eliminate and it only strengthens your iceberg. It is the part that doesn’t show. ”冰山运动之雄伟壮观，是因为它只有八分之一在水面上。

美国文学学习指南：填空选择题总结Part1

美国文学学习指南：填空选择题总结Part1美国文学学习指南美国文学史及选读综合练习（第二版）李正栓Exercise on American LiteraturePart 1 The Literature of Colonial America (P3)填空题1.The most enduring shaping influence in American thought and literature was______. (American Puritanism)2.Among the members of the small band of Jamestown settlers was _____, anEnglish soldier of fortune, whose reports of exploration, published in the early 1600s, have been described as the first distinct American literature written in English. (Captain John Smith)3.Almost a hundred years earlier the Caribbean Islands, Mexico, and otherparts of Central and South America were occupied by the _____. (Spanish)4.The term “Puritan” was applied to those settlers who originally were devoutmembers of the Church of ______. (England)5.______ College was established in 1636, with a printing press set up nearly in1639. (Harvard)6.Among all the settlers in the New Continent, ______ settlers were the mostinfluential. (English)7.The first permanent English settlement in North America was established at_____, Virginia. (Jamestown)8._____ was a famous explorer and colonist. He established Jamestown. (CaptainJohn Smith)9.In the book _____ John Smith wrote that “here nature and liberty afford us thatfreely which in England we want, or it costs us dearly.” (A Description of New England)10.General history of Virginia contains Smith’s most famous tale of how theIndian princess named _______ saved him from the wrath of her father.(Pocahontas)11.Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety, these were the ______ values thatdominated much of the early American writing. (Puritan)12.The American poets who emerged in the seventeenth century adapted thestyle of established European poets to the subject matter confronted in a strange, new environment. _______ Bradstreet was one such port. (Anne) 13.William Bradford himself used a word “_______” to describe the community ofbelievers who sailed from Southampton, England, on the Mayflower and settled in Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620. (Pilgrims)14.In 1620, ______ was elected Governor of Plymouth, Massachusetts. (WilliamBradford)15.From 1621 until his death, _____ probably possessed more power than anyother colonial governor. (William Bradford)16.William Bradford’s work _____ consists of two works. The first book deals withthe persecutions of the Separatists in Scrooby, England, and the second book describes the signing of the “Compact”. (Mayflower) compact17.T he History of New England is a gift left us by _____. (John Winthrop)18.________ wrote his most impressive work The Magnalia Christi America.(Cotton Mather)19.The writer who best expressed the Puritan faith in the colonial period was_______. (John Winthrop)20.The Puritan philosophy known as _____ was important in New England duringcolonial time, and had a profound influence on the early American mind for several generations. (Puritanism)21.Many Puritans wrote verse, but the work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet and_____, rose to the level of real poetry. (Edward Taylor)22.A representative sermon A True Sight of Sin is ______’s main work. (ThomasHooker)23.Before his death, _______ had gained a position as America’s first systematicphilosopher. (Jonathan Edwards)24.Jonathan Edward’s masterpiece is _______. (Freedom ofthe Will)25.The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America is a collection of poemscomposed by _______. (Anne Bradstreet)26._______’s best verse is to be found in a series called “Preparatory Meditations”.(Edward Taylor)27.The Day of Doom, a long-standing best-seller both in America and in England,was written by _______. (Michael Wiggleworth)28.Charles Brockden Brown’s first novel ______, or _______ has been regarded asthe first American novel. (Wieland, The Transformation; An American Tale) 29.With his elaborate metaphors, _______ was reminiscent of Richard Crashawand George Herbert in English. (Edward Taylor)选择题1.English literature in America is only about more than _____ years old. (200)2.The establisher of Jamestown was the famous explorer and colonist ______.(John Smith)3.The Puritan dominating values were _____. (hard work, thrift, piety, sobriety)4.The early history of _____ Colony was the history of B radford’s leadersh ip.(Plymouth)5.Choose those names that were named after English monarch or land.(Georgia, New York, Carolina, New Hampshire)6._______ usually was regarded as the first American writer. (Captain John Smith)7.Cotton Mather was a graduate of Oxford College.8.Jonathan Edwards’ best and most representative sermon was ______. (Sinnersin the Hands of an Angry God)9.Which writer is not a poet? Michael Wigglesworth, Anne Bradstreet, EdwardTaylor, Thomas Hooker. (D)10.The common thread throughout American literature has been the emphasison the ______. (Individualism)11.Anne Bradstreet was a Puritan poet. Her poems made such a stir in Englandth at she became known as the “_____” who appeared in America. (Tenth Muse) 12.The ship “_____” carried about o ne hundred Pilgrims and took 66 days to beatits way across the Atlantics. In December of 1620, it put the Pilgrims ashore at Plymouth, Massachusetts. (Mayflower)。

《美国文学史及作品选读》教学大纲

《美国文学史及作品选读》教学大纲一、课程说明1. 课程代码：1070138312. 课程中文名称：美国文学史及作品选读3. 课程英文名称：History and Selected Readings of American Literature4. 课程总学时数：265. 课程学分数： 1.56. 授课对象：英语专业（师范类）本科学生7. 本课程的性质、地位和作用本课程为面向英语专业高年级（三年级）学生开设的一门专业选修课，在学科体系中居重要地位。

要求学生以先修英语阅读、综合英语、英美文化和英美概况等课程为基础。

通过教学，使学生对美国文学有一个概观了解，同时初步培养学生对美国文学作品的鉴赏能力，增强学生对西方文学及文化的了解。

该课程有助于增强学生的语言基本功，丰富学生的人文知识、充实学生的文化修养，提高学生的精神素质。

二、教学基本要求1. 本课程的目的、任务美国文学史及文学作品包含着历史的记忆和哲学的睿智，是英语语言艺术的结晶。

本课程旨在介绍美国文学各个时期的主要文化思潮，文学流派，主要作家及其代表作，使学生对美国文学的发展脉络有一个大概的了解和认识，提高他们对文学作品的阅读鉴赏能力，并能掌握文学批评的基本知识和方法。

要求学生在阅读和分析美国文学作品的基础上了解美国的历史、社会、政治等方面的情况及传统，促进学生对西方文学及文化的了解，提高学生对文化差异的敏感性、宽容性，培养学生对作品的洞察批判能力，从而丰富提升学生人文素养。

2. 本课程的教学要求了解美国文学的发展概况，熟悉发展过程中出现的历史事件，文学思潮，文学流派；熟悉具体作家的文学生涯，创作思想，艺术特色和所属流派；能读懂代表作家的经典作品，并能分析评介作品的主题思想，人物形象，篇章结构、语言特点、修辞手法、文体风格；能掌握文学批评的基本知识和方法，对重要的文学术语有相当的了解并能在文学批评中加以运用。

重点放在代表作家的经典作品的主题思想、人物形象、文体风格、语言特点及其在文学史上的地位与影响，其中作品的主题思想、人物形象、文体风格及语言特点为难点。

最全美国文学史笔记英文版(按时间顺序)

Henry David Thoreau 亨利· 大卫· 梭罗 1817-1862
Amos Bronson Alcott(1799-1888) Margaret Fuller(1810-1850) ：《 1843 年的湖光夏日》（ Summer on the Lakes in 1843 ）（ 1844 ）和《论文学与艺术》（ Papers on Literature and Art ）（ 1846 ）。《国内和海外记》（ At Home and Abroad ）（ 1856 ）和《内外生活》（ Life Without and Life Within ）（ 1859 ） William Cullen Bryant 威廉卡伦布莱恩特 (1794-1878); Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 朗费罗 (1807-1882); James Russell Lowell 罗威尔 (1819-1891); Oliver Wendell Holmes 霍尔姆斯(1809-1894); John Greenleaf Whittier 惠蒂尔 (1807-1892)
Part 1. Colonial America(1607-1800) John Smith(158-1631)约翰斯密斯 William Bradford(1590-1657)威廉布莱德福 John Winthrop(1588-1649)约翰温斯洛普 Anne Bradstreet(1612-1672) The General History of Virginia 弗吉尼亚通史, A Description of New England 新英格兰概览 Of Plymouth Plantation 普利茅斯拓荒记 A Model of Christian Charity 基督徒慈善的典范 “Contemplations”, “Upon the Burning of Our House”,” To My Dear and Loving Husband”, In Reference to Her Children”,” The Flesh and The Spirit” As Weary Pilgrim” “Huswifery”, “Upon a Spider Catching a Fly” The Bloody Tenet of Persecution for the Cause of Conscience “Some Considerations on the Keeping of Negroes”, A Plea for the Poor” The Case of the Officers of Excise 税务员问题；Common Sense 常识；American Crisis 美国危机；Rights of Man 人的权利：Downfall of Despotism 专制体制的崩溃；The Age of Reason 理性时代 The Rising Glory of America；The British Prison Ship 英国囚船；To the Memory of the Brave Americans 纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳； The Wild Honeysuckle 野生的金银花；The Indian Burying Ground; The Dying Indian: Tomo Chequi Wieland; Edgar Huntly; Ormond; Arthur Mervyn The Freedom of the Will《意志的自由》 The Great Doctrine of Original Sin defended《原罪说辩》 The Nature of True Virtue 真美德的性质; Images or Shadows of Divine Things《神灵的形影》;” Personal Narrative”; “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”愤怒的上帝手中之罪人 Poor Richard‟s Almanac 穷查理历书； The Way to Wealth 致富之道； The Autobiography 自传 Letters form an American Farmer 来自美国农夫的信 Part 2. American Romanticism(1800-1860) Washington Irving 华盛顿 · 欧文 1783-1859 A History of New York from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Danasty;纽约外史；The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent 见闻札记; The History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus 哥伦布传; A Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada 格拉纳达征服编年史; The Alhambra 阿尔罕布拉; Life of Goldsmith 戈尔德斯密传; Life of Washington 华盛顿传; “Rip Van Winkle”; “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”;”The Authors Account of Himself” The Spy 间谍;The Pilot 领航者; Leatherstocking Tales 皮裹腿故事集 :The Pioneer 拓荒者；The Last of the Mohicans 最后的莫希干人;The Prairie 大草原;The Pathfinder 探路者;The Deerslayer 杀鹿者 Essays 散文集 :Nature(1836) -----the Manifesto( Bible) of the New England Transcendentalism;” The American Scholar-----America‟s Declaration of Intellectual Independence; “The Poet”; Representative Men 代表人物;English Traits 英国人的特征; Walden, or Life in the Woods; 瓦尔登湖“ Civil Disobedience”; “A Plea for John Brown”; A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers;