外研版高中英语必修二模块三知识点和语法点归纳

B2m3languagepoints
1．audience 观众，听众。

The audience consists of about 2,000 people.
The audience are leaving their seats.
She has never spoken to such a big audience before.
2. influence vt. n. 影响。

主要指对行为、性格、观点等产生间接的或潜移
默化的影响。

affect＝have an effect on.
Television has a strong influence on people.
Th e news did not affect her at all.
＝The news had no effect on her at all.
3. impress vt.给...极深的印象。

be impressed with留下深刻印象.
impression n. 印象. leave(make) an impression on sb.
She was deeply impressed by/with the scenery in Guilin.
4. mix: v. 使混合.n. 混合物.mix…with…把…和…混合起来。

You can't mix oil with water.
5. lose vt.,丢失,丧失, 迷失;使迷路, 常用结构：be lost in=lose oneselt in陷入，埋头于。

Carl's father lost his job last month.
She got lost in the forest.
6. sound泛指任何声音。

noise表示“噪音。

voice表示人的声音。

Light travels faster than sound. 光比声音传播得快。

I heard some strange noises last night.
Please speak in a louder voice. 请大声说。

7. split up 分裂，分割。

使分成小组（into）
8.make /take a note of 记录。

take/make notes做笔记。

9 .Having worked there for 30 years, Haydn moved to London, where he was very successful.
having worked 为现在分词的完成时做时间状语，表示动作发生在主动词之前，如：
Having lived there for years, he got used to the life there.
10. by the time ：到...的时为止。

By the time +状从（过去时），主句（过去完成时）
By the time +状从（现在时），主句（将来完成时）
I will have finishied the work by the time my father comes back.
He had built a lab for himself by the time he was 12 years old.
11. as well as 和;也，不仅…而且…。

连接两个主语时，谓动单复数采用
就远原则。

Lily as well as her parents is very fond of classical music.
12. …it was Hayd n who encouraged Beethoven to move to Vienna.
此句型为强调句型。

强调句型的用法：
a.强调句型基本结构:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who +句子的其余部分。

在强调
结构中，be一律用单数is/was,如果原句的谓语动词时态是过去范畴，用was; 是现在范畴，则用is。

也可用"情态动词＋be"形式。

通常被
强调的成分为主语、宾语、状语等。

强调人时，可用who/that，其它一律用that。

强调主语时，that/who后的谓语动词必须与被强调的主语人称与数保持一致。

如：
I’m going to meet my f riend at the airport tomorrow.
It is I who am going to meet my friend at the airport tomorrow.
It is my friend that I’m going to meet at the airport tomorrow.
It is at the airport that I’m going to meet my friend tomorrow.
It is tomorrow that I’m going to meet my friend at the airport.
It might be in the morning that he broke into the house.
b.一般疑问句式:Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其余部分?
Was it in the morning that you saw Joe in the street?
c.特殊疑问句式:特殊疑问词+is/was it+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其余部分?
Who was it that you want to send to the front?
在强调句的疑问句型中，强调标志that/who后只能使用陈述语序。

d. 特别提示：对“not...until...”结构的强调，要用“It is/was not
until...that...”这一固定句型。

由于否定已经前移，that后只能用肯定形式。

It was ______ back home after the experiment. (湖北04)
A. not until midnight did he go
B. until midnight that he didn’t go
C. not until midnight that he went
D. until midnight when he didn’t go
e. 强调句型与相关句型的辨析
强调句型极易与下列句型混淆,故高考也常考查这方面的内容。

做题时首先判断该题是否为强调句型。

把“It be …that”去掉，如果剩余部分句子结构仍然完整（被强调部分要还原到原位置），那么这个句子就是强调句；如果句子不完整，则不是强调句。

易混句型1：It be+段时间+ since ... “自从……以来”
该句型中的be动词通常为一般现在时态或现在完成时态,since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态。

如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。

例18．That was really a splendid evening. It' s years ____ I enjoyed myself so much. (安徽05)
A. when
B. that
C. before
D. since
解析：答案为D.since引导时间状语从句，it表示时间
易混句型2：It be+点时间+ when ... ＂当……的时候，是……＂该句型中的when 引导的是一个时间状语从句。

Be动词的时态没有明确限制，点时间前不加介词。

例19. —Did Jack come back early last night?
—Yes. It was not yet eight o’clock ____ he arrived home. (福建05 )
A. before
B. when
C. that
D. until
解析：答案为B. when引导时间状语从句，it表示时间。

易混句型3：It be+段时间+ before ... “多久之后才……”.
该句型主句中be动词的时态常是一般将来时或过去时两种时态．主句中的表语多是long, not long , days , weeks 等表示时间段的词或短
语。

例如：
例20．--- How long do you think it will be _________ China sends a manned spaceship to the moon?
--- Perhaps two or three years. （06福建）
A. when
B. until
C. that
D. before
解析：答案为D.before引导时间状语从句，it表示时间
Grammar 1 时间状语从句：when, while和as的用法：
1. when即可指一个时间点，也可以指一段时间，可表示主从句动作，同
时或先后发生。

When he came in, we were having a lesson.
When we were having a lesson, he came in.
2. while只指一段时间，从句中的动词不能用终止性动词，强调某一段时
间内，主从句动作同时发生。

While we were having a lesson, he came in.
I am safe while I am here.
3. as 引导时间状语从句，强调主从句短暂动作或事情同时发生，不指先后。

意为：一边…一边… ，当…之时，随着。

As I left the house, I forgot the key.
As he was a child, he studied drawing.
As he grew older, he began to go deaf.
He listened to music as he walked.
补充理解：
（1）三者均可表示“当……的时候”，如果主句谓语动词表示的是短暂的动作，而从句表示的是一段时间，三者可以通用。

如：
I met an old friend of mine as / when / while I was walking along the
street.
（2）as和when引导的时间状语从句中，谓语动词可以是终止性动词，while引导的时间状语从句中，谓语动词一般是延续性动词。

如：
It was raining hard when we got to the airport.
（3）as强调主句谓语动词与从句谓语动词表示的动作同时发生；while 强调主句谓语动词表示的动作持续于while从句所指的整个时间内；
when可以指主句谓语动词和从句谓语动词所表示的动作同时或先后发生。

如：
She sang as she went along.
Please listen to me carefully while I read.
When he reached home, he had a little rest.
Grammar 2:过去完成时用法
1. 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。

这个
过去的时间常用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句表示，也可以暗含在上下文中。

I had finished my homework before supper.
The play had already started when we got to the theatre.
By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patients.。

2. 过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去
某个时间，常与for，since等词连用。

如：
He had served in the army for ten years before he retired last year.
He told me that he had known her since he was a child.
3. 在一段情景连贯的文字中，先发生的事放在后面叙述时，要用过去完
成时。

如：
Tom flew home, but his father had already died.
4. 过去完成时也用于It was the firs t time + that sb/sth+had done…的句
型中。

It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune. 3. 在表示某人过去未曾完成的“心愿”、“打算”、“计划”、“想法”、“许诺”
等时，hope, mean, plan, think, intend等谓语动词常用过去完成时。

I had hoped to be back last night, but I didn’t catch the train.
我本来希望昨晚回来的，但没搭上火车。