昆明理工大学英语2018年考博真题博士入学试卷

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昆明理工大学英语2009年考博真题博士入学试卷

昆明理工大学2009年秋季入学博士研究生招生考试试题考试科目代码：英语考试科目名称：111试题适用招生专业：非英语专业考生答题须知1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。

请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。

2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。

3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。

4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。

Part I Listening Comprehension (10%) （每题0.5分）Part II Grammar and Vocabulary (20%) （每题0.5分）Directions: In this part, there are 40 incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence there are four choices marked A,B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase whichkeeps the closest meaning to the original sentence and then mark thecorresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET with a single line through thecentre.11. The monopoly-capitalist group many smaller enterprises last year.A. integratedB. mergedC. combinedD. collected12. The local authority the company an interest-free loan to start up the new factory.A. grantedB. allocatedC. financedD. sponsored13. My father has been on the in this factory for nearly 20 years.A. pay packetB. payoffC. payrollD. payment14. Why is there traffic on the streets today than yesterday?A. lessB. littleC. fewerD. few15. Black people are by no means white people.A. inferior overB. more inferior thanC. inferior toD. more inferior to16. Why should anyone want to read of books by great authors when the real pleasurecomes from reading the originals.A. themesB. insightsC. digestsD. leaflets昆明理工大学2009年秋季入学博士研究生招生考试试题第 1 页共 26 页。

2018年全国医学考博英语试题.doc教学文稿

2018年全国医学考博英语试题.d o c2018MD全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答题须知1.请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在试卷一答题纸和试卷二标准答题卡上认真填写清楚，并按“考场指令”要求，将准考证号在标准答题卡上划好。

2.试卷一(Paper One)答案和试卷二(Paper Two)答案都作答在标准答题卡上，不要做在试卷上。

3.试卷一答题时必须使用2B铅笔，将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑；如要更正，先用橡皮擦干净。

书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域。

4.标准答题卡不可折叠，同时答题卡须保持平整干净，以利评分。

5.听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15秒左右的答题时间。

国家医学考试中心PAPER ONEPart 1 ：Listening comprehension（30%）Section ADirections:In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers, At the end of each conversation, you will hear a questionabout what is said, The question will be read only once, After you hearthe question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D.Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your choice on theANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following exampleYou will hearWoman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day.Question: What’s the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B C DNow let’s begin with question Number 1.1. A. About 12 pints B. About 3 pintsC. About 4 pintsD. About 7 pints2. A. Take a holiday from work. B. Worry less about work.C. Take some sleeping pills.D. Work harder to forget all her troubles.3. A. He has no complaints about the doctor.B. He won’t complain anything.C. He is in good condition.D. He couldn’t be worse.4. A. She is kidding.B. She will get a raise.C. The man will get a raise.D. The man will get a promotion.5. A. Her daughter likes ball games.B. Her daughter is an exciting child.C. She and her daughter are good friends.D. She and her daughter don’t always understand each other.6. A. She hurt her uncle.B. She hurt her ankle.C. She has a swollen toe.D. She needs a minor surgery.7. A. John likes gambling.B. John is very fond of his new boss.C. John has ups and downs in the new company.D. John has a promising future in the new company.8. A. She will get some advice from the front desk.B. She will undergo some lab tests.C. She will arrange an appointment.D. She will get the test results.9. A. She’s an odd character.B. She is very picky.C. She is easy-going.D. She likes fashions.10.A. At a street corner.B. In a local shop.C. In a ward.D. In a clinic.11.A. Sea food. B. Dairy products.C. Vegetables and fruits.D. Heavy foods.12.A. He is having a good time.B. He very much likes his old bicycle.C. He will buy a new bicycle right away.D. He would rather buy a new bicycle later.13.A. It is only a cough.B. It’s a minor illness.C. It started two weeks ago.D. It’s extremely serious.14.A. The woman is too optimistic about the stock market.B. The woman will even lose more money at the stock market.C. The stock market bubble will continue to grow.D. The stock market bubble will soon meet its demise.15.A. The small pills should be taken once a day before sleep.B. The yellow pills should be taken once a day before supper.C. The white pills should be taken once a day before breakfast.D. The large round pills should be taken three times a day after meals.Section BDirection:In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages, after each of which, you will hear five questions. After each question, readthe four possible answers marked A, B, C and D, Choose the bestanswer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Dialogue16.A. Because he had difficulty swallowing it.B. Because it was upsetting his stomach.C. Because he was allergic to it.D. Because it was too expensive.17.A. He can’t play soccer any more.B. He has a serious foot problem.C. He needs an operation.D. He has cancer.18.A. A blood transfusion.B. An allergy test.C. A urine test.D. A biopsy.19.A. To see if he has cancer. B. To see if he hasdepression.C. To see if he requires surgery.D. To see if he has a food allergyproblem.20.A. Relieved.B. Anxious.C. Angry.D. Depressed.Passage One21.A. The cause of COPD.B. Harmful effects of smoking.C. Men more susceptible to harmful effects of smoking.D. Women more susceptible to harmful effects of smoking.22.A. 954.B. 955.C. 1909.D. 1955.23.A. On May 18 in San Diego. B. On May 25 in San Diego.C. On May 18 in San Francisco.D. On May 25 in San Francisco.24.A. When smoking exposure is high.B. When smoking exposure is low.C. When the subjects received medication.D. When the subjects stopped smoking.25.A. Hormone differences in men and women.B. Genetic differences between men and women.C. Women’s active metabolic rate.D. Women’s smaller airways.Passage Two26.A. About 90,000.B. About 100,000.C. Several hundreds.D. About 5,000.27.A. Warning from Goddard Space Flight Center.B. Warning from the Kenyan health ministry.C. Experience gained from the 1997 outbreak.D. Proper and prompt Aid from NASA.28.A. Distributing mosquito nets.B. Persuading people not to slaughter animals.C. Urging people not to eat animals.D. Dispatching doctors to the epidemic-stricken area.29.A. The higher surface temperatures in the equatorial part of the Indian Ocean.B. The short-lived mosquitoes that were the hosts of the viruses.C. The warm and dry weather in the Horn of Africa.D. The heavy but intermittent rains.30.A. Warning from NASA.B. How to treat Rift Valley fever.C. The disastrous effects of Rift Valley fever.D. Satellites and global health – remote diagnosis.Part II Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirection:In this section, all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases, marked A B C and D .are given beneath each of them. You are tochoose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then markyour answer on the ANSWER SHEET.31.A good night’s sleep is believed to help slow the stomach’s emptying, produce asmoother, less abrupt absorption of sugar, and will better __________ brainmetabolism.A. regulateB. activateC. retainD. consolidate32.The explosion and the oil spill below the surface of the Gulf of Mexico left mymind in such a ________ that I couldn’t get to sleep.A. catastropheB. boycottC. turmoilD. mentality33.Coronary heart attacks occur more commonly in those with high blood pressure,in the obese, in cigarette smokers, and in those _________ to prolonged emotional and mental strain.A. sympatheticB. ascribedC. preferableD. subjected34.Most colds are acquired by children in school and then ___________ to adults.A. conveyedB. transmittedC. attributedD. relayed35.Several of the most populous nations in the world ________ at the lower end ofthe table of real GDP per capita last year.A. fluctuatedB. languishedC. retardedD. vibrated36.Presently this kind of anti-depressant is still in clinical _______, even though theconcept has been around since 1900s.A. trialsB. applicationsC. implicationsD. endeavors37.Studies revealed that exposure to low-level radiation for a long time may weakenthe immune system, ________ aging, and cause cancer.A. haltB. postponeC. retardD. accelerate38.The mayor candidate’s personality traits, being modest and generous, _______people in his favor before the election.A. predisposedB. presumedC. presidedD. pressured39.With its graceful movements and salubrious effects on health, Tai Chi has a strong________ to a vast multitude of people.A. flavorB. thrillC. appealD. implication40.If you are catching a train, it is always better to be _______ early than even afraction of a minute too late.A. infinitelyB. temporarilyC. comfortablyD. favorably Section BDirections:Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined.There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence, Choose theword or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the originalsentence if it is substituted for the underlined part, Mark your answeron the ANSWER SHEET.41.All Nobel Prize winners’ success is a process of long-term accumulation, in whichlasting efforts are indispensable.A. irresistibleB. cherishedC. inseparableD. requisite42.The Queen’s presence imparted an air of elegance to the drinks reception atBuckingham Palace in London.A. bestowedB. exhibitedC. imposedD. emitted43.Physicians are clear that thyroid dysfunction is manifest in growing children in theform of mental and physical retardation.A. intensifiedB. apparentC. representativeD. insidious44.The mechanism that the eye can accommodate itself to different distances hasbeen applied to automatic camera, which marks a revolutionary technique advance.A. yieldB. amplifyC. adaptD. cast45.Differences among believers are common; however, it was the pressure ofreligious persecution that exacerbated their conflicts and created the split of the union.A. eradicatedB. deterioratedC. vanquishedD. averted46.When Picasso was particularly poor, he might have tried to obliterate the originalcomposition by painting over it on canvases.A. duplicateB. eliminateC. substituteD. compile47.For the sake of animal protection, environmentalists deplored the constructionprogram of a nuclear power station.A. disapprovedB. despisedC. demolishedD. decomposed48.Political figures in particular are held to very strict standards of marital fidelity.A. loyaltyB. moralityC. qualityD. stability49.The patient complained that his doctor had been negligent in not giving him a fullexamination.A. prudentB. ardentC. carelessD. brutal50.She has been handling all the complaints without wrath for a whole morning.A. furyB. chaosC. despairD. agonyPart III Cloze (10%)Directions: In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For eachblank, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D on the right side.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on theANSWER SHEET.For years, scientists have been warning us that the radiation from mobile phones is detrimental to our health, without actually having any evidence to back these __51__ up.However, research now suggests that mobile phone radiation has at least one positiveside effect: it can help prevent Alzheimer’s, __52__ in the mice that acted as testsubjects.It’s been suspected, though never proven, that heavy use of mobile phones is bad for your health. It’s thought that walking around with a cellphone permanently attached to the side of your head is almost sure to be __53__ your brain. And that may well betrue, but I’d rather wait until it’s proven before giving up that part of my daily life.But what has now been proven, in a very perfunctory manner, is that mobile phone radiation can have an effect on your brain. __54__ in this case it was a positive ratherthan negative effect.According to BBC news, the Florida Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center conducted a study on 96 mice to see if the radiation given off by mobile phones couldaffect the onset of Alzheimer’s.Some of the mice were “genetically altered to develop beta-amyloid plaques in their brains” __55__ they aged. These are a marker of Alzheimer’s. all 96 mice were then“exposed to the electro-magnetic __56__ generated by a standard phone for two one-hour periods each day for seven to nine months.” The lucky things.__57__ the experiment showed that the mice altered to be predisposed to dementia were protected from the disease if exposed before the onset of the illness. Theircognitive abilities were so unimpaired as to be virtually __58__ to the mice notgenetically altered in any way.Unfortunately, although the results are positive, the scientists don’t actually know why exposure to mobile phone radiation has this effect. But it’s hoped that further study and testing could result in a non-invasive __59__ for preventing and treatingAlzheimer’s disease.Autopsies carried out on the mice also concluded no ill-effects of their exposure to the radiation. However, the fact that the radiation prevented Alzheimer’s means mobilephones __60__ our brains and bodies in ways not yet explored. And it’s sure there arenegative as well as this one positive.51. A. devicesB. risksC. phenomenaD. claims52. A. at leastB. at mostC. as ifD. as well53. A. blockingB. cookingC. exhaustingD. cooling54. A. ExceptB. EvenC. DespiteD. Besides55. A. untilB. whenC. asD. unless56. A. rangeB. continuumC. spectrumD. field57. A. ReasonablyB. ConsequentlyC. AmazinglyD. Undoubtedly58. A. identicalB. beneficialC. preferableD. susceptible59. A. effortB. methodC. huntD. account60. A. do affectB. did affectC. is affectingD. could have affectedPart IV Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions:In this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by fivequestions. For each question there are four possible answers marked A, B,C, and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice onthe ANSWER SHEET.Passage oneI have just returned from Mexico, where I visited a factory making medical masks.Faced with fierce competition, the owner has cut his costs by outsourcing some of hisproduction. Scores of people work for him in their homes, threading elastic into masks by hand. They are paid below the minimum wage, with no job security and no healthcare provision.Users of medical masks and other laboratory gear probably give little thought to where their equipment comes from. That needs to change. A significant proportion of these products are made in the developing world by low-paid people with inadequate labor rights. This leads to human misery on a tremendous scale.Take lab coats. Many are made in India, where most cotton farmers are paid an unfair price for their crops and factory employees work illegal hours for poor pay.One-fifth of the world’s surgical instruments are made in northern Pakistan. When I visited the area a couple of years ago I found most workers toiling 12 hours a day, seven days a week, for less than a dollar a day, exposed to noise, metal dust and toxic chemicals. Thousands of children, some as young as 7, work in the industry.To win international contracts, factory owners must offer rock-bottom prices, and consequently drive down wages and labor conditions as far as they can. We laboratory scientists in the developed world may unwittingly be encouraging this: we ask how much our equipment will cost, but which of us asks who made it and how much they were paid?This is no small matter. Science is supposed to benefit humanity, but because of the conditions under which their tools are made, may scientists may actually be causing harm.What can be done? A knee-jerk boycott of unethical goods is not the answer; it would just make things worse for workers in those manufacturing zones. What we need is to start asking suppliers to be transparent about where and how their products are manufactured and urge them to improve their manufacturing practices.It can be done. Many universities are committed to fair trade in the form of ethically sourced tea, coffee or bananas. That model should be extended to laboratory goods.There are signs that things are moving. Over the past few years I have worked with health services in the UK and in Sweden. Both have recently instituted ethical procurement practices. If science is truly going to help humanity, it needs to follow suit.61. From the medical masks to lab coats, the author is trying to tell us ________.A. the practice of occupational protection in the developing worldB. the developing countries plagued by poverty and disease.C. the cheapest labor in the developing countries.D. the human misery behind them.62. The concerning phenomenon the author has observed, according to the passage,________.A. is nothing but the repetition of the miserable history.B. could have been even exaggerated.C. is unfamiliar to the wealthy west.D. is prevailing across the world.63. The author argues that when researchers in the wealthy west buy the tools oftheir trade, they should ___________.A. have the same concern with the developing countries.B. be blind to their sources for the sake of humanityC. pursue good bargains in the international market.D. spare a thought for how they were made.64. A proper course of action suggested by the author is ___________.A. to refuse to import the unethical goods from the developing world.B. to ask scientists to tell the truth as the prime value of their work.C. to urge the manufacturers to address the immoral issues.D. to improve the transparency of international contracts.65. By saying at the end of the passage that if science is truly going to help humanity, it needs to follow suit, the author means that ___________.A. the scientific community should stand up for all humanityB. the prime value of scientists’ work is to tell the truth.C. laboratory goods also need to be ethically sourced.D. because of science, there is hope for humanity.Passage twoA little information is a dangerous thing. A lot of information, if it’s inaccurate or confusing, even more so. This is a problem for anyone trying to spend or invest in an environmentally sustainable way. Investors are barraged with indexes purporting to describe companies’ eco-credentials, some of dubious quality. Green labels on consumer products are ubiquitous, but their claims are hard to verify.The confusion is evident form New Scientist’s analysis of whether public perceptions of companies’ green credentials reflect reality. It shows that many companies considered “green” have done little to earn that reputation, while others do not get sufficient credit for their efforts to reduce their environmental impact. Obtaining better information is crucial, because decisions by consumers and big investors will help propel us towards a green economy.At present, it is too easy to make unverified claims. Take disclosure of greenhouse gas emissions, for example. There are voluntary schemes such as the Carbon Disclosure Project, but little scrutiny of the figures companies submit, which means investors may be misled.Measurements can be difficult to interpret, too, like those for water sue. In this case, context is crucial: a little from rain-soaked Ireland is not the same as a little drawn from the Arizona desert.Similar problems bedevil “green” labels attached to individual products. Here, the computer equipment rating system developed by the Green Electronics Council shows the way forward. Its criteria come from the IEEE, the world’s leading professional association for technology/Other schemes, such as the “sustainability index” planned by US retail giant Walmart, are broader. Developing rigorous standards for a large number of different types of product will be tough, placing a huge burden on the academic-led consortium that is doing the underlying scientific work.Our investigation also reveals that many companies choose not to disclose data. Some will want to keep it that way. This is why we need legal requirements for full disclosure of environmental information, with the clear message that the polluter will eventually be required to pay. Then market forces will drive companies to clean up their acts.Let’s hope we can rise to this challenge. Before we can have a green economy we need a green information economy – and it’s the quality of information, as well as its quantity, that will count.66. “The confusion” at the beginning of the 2nd paragraph refers to ________.A. where to spend or invest in a sustainable wayB. an array of consumer products to chooseC. a fog of unreliable green informationD. little information on eco-credibility67. From the New Scientist’s analysis it can be inferred that in many cases________.A. eco-credibility is abusedB. a green economy is crucialC. an environmental impact is lessenedD. green credentials promote green economy68. From unverified claims to difficult measurements and then to individual products, the author argues that ________.A. eco-credibility is a game between scientists and manufacturesB. neither scientists nor manufactures are honestC. it is vital to build a green economyD. better information is critical69. To address the issue, the author is crying for ________.A. transparent corporate managementB. establishing sustainability indexesC. tough academic-led surveillanceD. strict legal weapons70. Which of the following can be the best inference from the last paragraph?A. The toughest challenge is the best opportunity.B. It is time for another green revolution.C. Information should be free for all.D. No quantity, no quality.Passage ThreePeople are extraordinarily skilled at spotting cheats – much better than they are detecting rule-breaking that does not involve cheating. A study showing just how good we are at this adds weight to the theory that our exceptional brainpower arose through evolutionary pressures to acquire specific cognitive skills.The still-controversial idea that humans have specialized decision-making systems in addition to generalized reasoning has been around for decades. Its advocates point out that the ability to identify untrustworthy people should be favored evolutionarily, since cheats risk undermining the social interactions in which people trade goods or services for mutual benefit.The test whether we have a special ability to reason about cheating, Leda Cosmides, an evolutionary psychologist at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and her colleagues used a standard psychological test called the Wason selection task, which tests volunteers’ ability to reason about “if/then” statements.The researchers set up scenarios in which they asked undergraduate volunteers to imagine they were supervising workers sorting appliances for admission to two schools;a good one in a district where school taxes are high, and a poor one in an equally wealthy, but lightly taxed district. The hypothetical workers were supposed to follow arule that specified “if a student is admitted to the good school”, they must live in the highly taxed district.Half the time, the test subjects were told that the workers had children of their own applying to the schools, thus having a motive to cheat; the rest of the time they were told the workers were merely absent-minded and sometimes made innocent errors. Then the test subjects were asked how they would verify that the workers were not breaking the rule.Cosmides found that when the “supervisors” thought they were checking for innocent errors, just 9 of 33, or 27 percent, got the right answer – looking for a student admitted to the good school who did not live in the highly taxed district. In contrast, when the supervisors thought they were watching for cheats, they did much better, with 23 of 34, or 68 percent, getting the right answer.This suggests that people are, indeed, more adept at spotting cheat than at detecting mere rule-breaking, Cosmides said. “Any cues that it’s just an innocent mistake actually inactivate the detection mechanism.”Other psychologists remain skeptical of this conclusion. “If you want to conclude that therefore there’s a module in the mind for detecting cheaters, I see zero evidence for that,” says Steven Sloman, a cognitive scientists at Brown University in Province, Rhode Island. “It’s certainly possible that it’s something we learned through experience. There’s no evident that it’s anything innate.”71. The findings of the study were in favor of ____________.A. the highly developed skills of cheating at schoolB. the relation between intelligence and evolutionC. the phenomenon of cheating at schoolD. the human innate ability to cheat72. The test “supervisors” appeared to be more adept at ________.A. spotting cheats than detecting mere rule-breakingB. detecting mere rule-breaking than spotting cheatsC. spotting their own children cheating than others doing itD. detecting cheats in the highly taxed district than in the lightly taxed one73. When she says that …that can’t be the only thing going on in the mind, Cosmides most probably implies that ________.A. cheating is highly motivated in the social interactionsB. our specific cognitive skills can serve an evolutionary purposeC. there is no such a mental thing as a specialized decision-making systemD. the ability to identify untrustworthy people should be favored evolutionary74. In response to Cosmides’ claim, Sloman would say that ________.A. it was of great possibilityB. it could be misleadingC. it was unbelievableD. it’s acquired75. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. Cheating at SchoolB. Cheating as the Human NatureC. Imaginary Intelligence and CheatingD. Intelligence Evolved to Root Out CheatsPassage FourFor many environmentalists, all human influence on the planet is bad. Many natural scientists implicitly share this outlook. This is not unscientific, but it can create the impression that greens and environmental scientists are authoritarian tree-huggers who value nature above people. That doesn’t play well with mainstream society, as the apparent backlash against climate science reveals.Environmentalists need to find a new story to tell. Like it or not, we now live in the anthropocene (人类世) – an age in which humans are perturbing many of the planet’s natural systems, from the water cycle to the acidity of the oceans. We cannot wish that away; we must recognize it and manage our impacts.Johan Rockstrom, head of the Stockholm Environment Institute in Sweden, and colleagues have distilled recent research on how Earth systems work into a list of nine “planetary boundaries” that we must stay within to live sustainably. It is preliminary work, and many will disagree with where the boundaries are set. But the point is to offer a new way of thinking about our relationship with the environment – a science-based picture that accepts a certain level of human impact and even allows us some room to expand. The result is a breath of fresh air: though we are already well past three of the boundaries, we haven’t trashed the place yet.It is in the same spirit that we also probe the basis for key claims in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s 2007 report on climate impacts. This report has been much discussed since our revelations about its unsubstantiated statement on melting Himalayan glaciers. Why return to the topic? Because there is a sense that the IPCC shares the same anti-human agenda and, as a result, is too credulous of unverified numbers. While the majority of the report is assuredly rigorous, there is no escaping the fact that parts of it make claims that go beyond the science.For example, the chapter on Africa exaggerates a claim about crashes in farm yields, and also highlights projections of increased water stress in some regions while ignoring projections in the same study that point to reduced water stress in other regions. There errors are not trifling. They are among the report’s headline conclusions.Above all, we need a dispassionate view of the state of the planet and our likely future impact on it. There’s no room for complacency: Rockstrom’s analysis shows us that we face real dangers, but exaggerating our problems is not the way to solve them. 76. As the first paragraph implies, there is between environmentalists and mainstream society _____________.A. a misunderstandingB. a confrontationC. a collaborationD. a consensus77. Within the planetary boundaries, as Rockstrom implies, ___________.A. we humans have gone far beyond the limitationsB. our human activities are actually moderate in degreeC. a certain level of human impact is naturally acceptableD. it is urgent to modify our relationship with the environment78. The point, based on Rockstrom’s investigation, is simply that __________.A. they made the first classification of Earth systemsB. it is not to deny but to manage impacts on the planetC. we are approaching the anthropocene faster than expected。

2018年博士生入学考试英语参考答案

1.These figures boil down to no significance as they are statistically imperfect.A amount toB conform toC contribute toD attach to2.The researchers are working hard to find the optimal concentration of this drug.A most poisonousB most likelyC most famousD most desirable3.This young lawyer dares to take on the powerful on behalf of the poor and weak.A with the favor ofB find good jobs forC assume the responsibility forD accept the challenge of4.The last traces of respectability had vanished by the time he was convicted and imprisoned.A collapsedB disappearedC perishedD scattered5.Fearful of losing her job for good, this lady decided to talk to the manager directly.A for benefitsB by luckC for everD at hand.6.An important innovation in this college was the introduction of the seminary method for advanced students.A ideaB changeC matterD policy7.This archaeologist made a study of the vast area through which the Roman civilization has been propagated.A extendedB terminatedC speculatedD restricted8.The investor would suffer a lot from a television series that was heavily invested in but never came off.A was releasedB proved satisfactoryC failed completelyD won awards9.Given the gravity of the situation, the best thing we can do is to declare the company bankrupt.A gravitationB fascinationC seriousnessD incurability10.When the symptom occurs, she finds it difficult to manipulate a pencil despite her young age.A utilizeB handleC masterD dominateSection B :Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B , C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.11.The country once threatened to ___ diplomatic relations with its neighbor if the latter was too friendly to the rebels.A show offB keep offC break offD call off12.In English leaning, a ___ circle occurs when a student makes more errors after being scolded.A viciousB vigorousC verticalD voluntary13.Some ancient people were able to tell the time by the shadow ___by the sun on the slate.A thrownB flungC castD tossed(upward)petition compels districts to devote their limited resources to achieving results that compare ___ with other localdistricts.A significantlyB favorablyC dramaticallyD superficially15.If you don’t know how to ___ your achievements, your parting from this world is going to be a nightmar e.A take hold ofB get rid ofC let go ofD make fun of16.This country could have as many as 10 million cases of AIDS in 2010 if the ____ is not taken seriously.A episodeB epidemicC equivalentD eruption17.With a wide variety of fresh fruit ___available, canner fruit is no longer so popular as before.A willinglyB appropriatelyC confidentlyD readily =easily18.The crisis over parliamentary election illustrated the unpredictable ____that events could take once the coalition troopsare withdrawn.A processB lineC wayD course19.Decades of ___ might have been partially responsible for our ignorance of development abroad.A insulationB irrigationC integrationD isolation20.There have been some insensible people who attempt to end their pains ____ through suicide.A by and largeB once for all =foreverC heart and soulD on the wholePart II. ClozeDirections: There are 10 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrases marked A, B, C and D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.There is now a new keychain device that lets people turn off most TVs anywhere---- from airports to restaurants. And it is selling faster than 21 . “I thought there would just be a few sales, but we can’t 22 demand,” said inventor MitchAltman of San Fran cisco, U.S. “I didn’t know there were so many people who wanted to turn TVs off.”Hundreds of orders for Altman’s US $14.99 TV-B-Gone device poured in last week. The tiny remote control device had been 23 in Wired magazine and other online-media outlets. 24 , the unexpected attention overloaded the website of his company. Cornfield Electronics, and caused it to 25 .The keychain device works like a 26 remote control ----but it only turns TVs on or off. With a push of the button, it goes through a 27 of about 200 infrared codes that control the power of about 1,000 television models. Altman said the majority of TVs should 28 within 17 seconds. It takes a little more than a minute for the device to 29 all the trigger codes.The 47-year-old Altman got the idea for TV-B-Gone a decade ago. He was out with friends at a restaurant and they found themselves all 30 by the TV, but no one was around to turn it off.21. A expects B expectation C expected D expecting22. A give in to B hold on to C make up for D keep up with23. A acknowledged B announced C admitted D applied24. A At times B On time C Behind time D At the same time25. A clash B crush =smash C cruise D crash26. A commonplace B universal C mean D medium27. A string B flock C school D fleet28. A repel B repeat C react D reproach =blame29. A submit B permit C omit D emit30. A bothered B haunted C interrupted D hinderedPart III. Reading ComprehensiveDirections: In this part of the test, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the four choices given and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage OneAnimals are more like us than we ever imagined. They feel pain, they experience stress, and they show affection, excitement and love. All these finding have been made by scientists in recent years----and such results are beginning to change how we view animals.Strangely enough, this research was sponsor ed by fast food companies like McDonald’s and KFC. Pressured by animal rights groups, these companies felt they had to fund scientists researching the emotional and mental states of animals. McDonald’s, for instance, funded studies on pig behaviors at P urdue University, Indiana. This research found that pigs seek affection and easily become depressed if left alone or prevented from playing with each other. If they become depressed, they soon become physically ill. Because of this, and other similar studies, the European Union has banned the use of isolating pig stalls from 2012. In Germany, the government is encouraging pig farmers to give each pig 20 seconds of human contact a day, and to provide them with toys to prevent them from fighting.Other scientists have shown that animals think and behave like humans.Koko, the 300-pound gorilla (大猩猩)at the Gorilla Foundation in Northern California, for instance, has been taught sign language. Koko can now understand several thousand English words, more than many humans who speak English as a second language. On human IQ tests, she scores between 70 and 95.Before such experiments, humans thought language skills were absent from the animal kingdom. Other myths are also being overturned, like the belief that animals lack self-awareness. Studies have also shown that animals mourn their dead, and that they play for pleasure.These striking similarities between animal and human behavior have led some to ask a question: “If you believe in evolution, how can’t you believe that animals have feelings that human beings have?”Until recently, scientists believed that animals behaved by instinct and that what appeared to be learned behavior was merely genetically-programmed activity. But as Koko the Gorilla shows, this is not the case. In fact, learning is passed from parents to offspring far more often than not in the animal kingdom.So what implications does this knowledge have for humans? Because of this , should we ban hunting and animal testing? Should we close zoos? Such questions are being raised by many academics and politicians. Harvard and 25 other American law schools have introduced courses on animal rights.31. The author feels it strange that the research was sponsored by fast food companies like McDonald’s and KFC probably because these companies_____.。

昆明理工大学管理学2007--2010,2012--2014年考博真题

昆明理工大学2007年秋季入学博士生招生考试试题
考试科目代码：366考试科目名称：管理学
试题适用招生专业：管理科学与工程
考生答题须知
1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。

请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。

2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。

3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。

4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。

昆明理工大学2008年秋季入学博士研究生招生入学考试试
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考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编37.doc

考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编37.doc－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编37(总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：25，分数：50.00)1.A police officer was sent to______ the crime.（分数：2.00）A.searchB.investigateC.surveyD.explore2.Wherever there is matter, there is energy; all changes of matter______changes in the form of the energy.（分数：2.00）A.retainB.includeC.containD.involve3.Building this road will ______ the construction of ten bridges, then the total cost reaches1 million US Dollars.(2004年西南财经大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.evolveB.involveC.revolveD.devolve4.Please do not be______ by his bad manners since he is merely trying to attract attention.(2004年3月中国科学院考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.disgustedB.embarrassedC.irritatedD.shocked5.The infected girl was______ from the rest of the family.（分数：2.00）A.dismissedB.isolatedC.restrainedD.confined6.The area is______with trails, some as wide as boulevards, that have been cut and maintained by elephant.(2003年西南财经大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.blackmailed/doc/99e28243c67da26925c52cc58bd63186bdeb9273.htmltticedC.isolatedD.galloped7.The point at______ at the meeting is whether they are to import the assembly line.(2005年春季电子科技大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.argumentB.controversyC.issueD.conflict/doc/99e28243c67da26925c52cc58bd63186bdeb9273.htmlwyer have aterrible habit of using Latin and industry ______ to mystify people and themselves more valuable.(2002年复旦大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.inflectionsB.dialects答案见麦多课文库C.accentD.jargon9.The senator agrees that his support of the action would ______ his chances for reelection.(2003年南京大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.obscureB.mystifyC.distinguishD.jeopardize10.The disagreement over trade restrictions could seriously ______ relations between the two countries.(2015年北京航空航天大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.tumbleB.jeopardizeC.manipulateD.intimidate11.John Smith is a______ ; he helps to write newspapers.（分数：2.00）A.correspondentB.journalistC.writerD.playwright12.At the moment my car is at the garage being made ready for a(n)______across Europe.（分数：2.00）A.travelB.voyageC.journeyD.excursion13.The critic's assessment of the book is that it is beautifully written.(2004年秋季电子科技大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）/doc/99e28243c67da26925c52cc58bd63186bdeb9273.htmlprehensionB.recommendationC.admirationD.judgment14.She worked hard at her task before she felt sure that the results would______her long effort.（分数：2.00）A.justifyB.testifyC.rectifyD.verify15.The official was arrested for inability to______ all his fortune he has enjoyed.(2004年武汉大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.clarifyB.intensifyC.verifyD.justify16.You don't have to______yourself. I think you did the right thing putting your mother in a nursing home.(2003年上海交通大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.justifyB.hinderC.indulgeD.appoint答案见麦多课文库17.The Japanese personnel manager had to ______ keeping a chemist on the payroll even though the company no longer needed his expertise.(2011年南京师范大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.modifyB.justifyC.sustain/doc/99e28243c67da26925c52cc58bd63186bdeb9273.htmlunch18.The attack of the World Trade Center will leave a______ impression on those who have witnessed the explosion.(2002年春季上海交通大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.longB.forever/doc/99e28243c67da26925c52cc58bd63186bdeb9273.htmlstingD.lively19.Are you going to attend Prof. Barker's______on Brain Electronics tomorrow?（分数：2.00）A.conferenceB.discussionC.debateD.lecture20.When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his______can be distributed. (2004年中国人民大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.paradoxesB.legaciesC.platitudesD.analogies21.Now the public has an unprecedented chance to peer over the shoulders of archaeologists and historians and get a firsthand look at the______ of the Mongols and their Asian predecessors.(2004年四川大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.legacyB.bequestC.converseD.miracle22.Equal Rights ______ has been passed that should benefit all.（分数：2.00）A.proposalB.pollC.proceedingD.legislation23.Intellectual property is a kind of ______ monopoly, which should be used properly or elsewould disrupt healthy competition order.(中国科学院2011年3月试题)（分数：2.00）A.legibleB.legendaryC.lenientD.legitimate24.If I had a car of my own, I______it to your sister yesterday.(2014年厦门大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.will lendB.would lendC.should lendD.would have lent25.______any one should think it strange, let me assure you that it is quite true.(2006年清华大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）答案见麦多课文库A.In order thatB.LestC.IfD.Providing答案见麦多课文库感谢阅读，欢迎大家下载使用！。

2015博士研究生入学考试英语试题

昆明理工大学2015年博士研究生招生考试试题A
考试科目代码：111考试科目名称：英语
试题适用招生专业：全校
考生答题须知
1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。

请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。

2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。

3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。

4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。

昆明理工大学2016年博士研究生招生考试试题A

昆明理工大学2016年博士研究生招生考试试题（A）
考试科目代码：1111 考试科目名称：英语
试题适用招生专业：全校
考生答题须知
1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。

请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。

2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。

3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。

4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。

考博英语模拟题2018年(19)_真题(含答案与解析)-交互

考博英语模拟题2018年(19)(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)Reading ComprehensionText 1Adam Smith, writing in the 1770s, was the first person to see the importance of the division of labor and to explain part of its advantages. He gives as an example the process by which pins were made in England."One man draws out the wire; another strengthens it; a third cuts it;a fourth points it; a fifth grinds it at the top to prepare it to receive the head. To make the head requires two or three operations. To put it on is a separate operation, to polish the pins is another. And the important business of making pins is, in this manner, divided into about eighteen operations, which in some factories are all performed by different people, though in others the same man will sometimes perform two or three of them."Ten men, Smith said, in this way, turned out twelve pounds of pins a day or about 4,800 pins per worker. But if all of them had worked separately and independently without division of labor, none of them could have made twenty pins in a day and perhaps not even one.There can be no doubt that division of labor is an efficient way of organizing work. Fewer people can make more pins. Adam Smith saw this but he also took it for granted that division of labor is in itself responsible for economic growth and development and that it accounts for the difference between expanding economies and those that stand still. But division of labor adds nothing new; it only enables people to produce more of what they already have.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.According to the passage, Adam Smith was the first person to ______.A take advantage of the division of laborB introduce the division of labor into EnglandC understand the effects of the division of laborD explain the causes of the division of labor该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 4答案:C[解析] 本题的依据是文章第1段的第1句话...was the first person to see the importance of the division of labor and to explain part of its advantages。

昆明理工大学2014年考博英语试卷-推荐下载

昆明理工大学2014年博士研究生招生考试试题（A）考试科目代码：1111 考试科目名称：英语试题适用招生专业：考生答题须知1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。

请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。

2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。

3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。

4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。

Part II．Vocabulary and Structure (15 points)Directions: There are fifteen sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your answer sheet with a single line through the center.1.In court he repeated his ______ that he was not guilty in front of the jury.A. impressionB. alliterationC. clausesD. assertions2.The protests were part of their ______ against the proposed building development in the area.A. commissionB. campaignC. commitmentD. convention3.______sermons retained their preeminence in religious life during most of the twentiethcentury, they are gradually losing that central places as churches devote more energy to social activities.A. ForB. AlthoughC. AsD. Since4.The structure of the global economy ______ that developing countries put all their efforts intoraising cash---usually by exporting whatever virgin resources the industrial world might desire.A. dictatesB. regulatesC. allowsD. appeals5.One of the recurrent frustrations and tragedies in the history of thought is caused by theuncertainty ______ to solve a given problem by traditional methods previously applied to problems which seem to be of the same nature.A. that is possibleB. whether it is possibleC. that it is possibleD. about what is possible6.Professional archivists and librarians have the resources to duplicate materials in other formatsand the expertise to retrieve materials trapped in ______ computers.A. abstractB. obsoleteC. obstinateD. obese7.The Chinese volleyball team announced that they would not ______ first place to any team.A. yellB. yieldC. yokeD. yearn8.The ______ of electronic computers has opened up new ways of data analysis for the scientists.A. advertB. adverseC. adventD. advise9.Some of the online services are free, while others ______ a charge.A. carryB. cashierC. coincideD. collect10.As the head of the department was away on a business trip, I was asked to ______ the weeklystaff meeting.A. chairB. introduceC. presideD. dominance11.He didn’t openly attack the plan, but her opposition was ______ in her failure to say anythingin support of it.A. explicitB. implicitC. internalD. immortal12.Teachers complain that English learners ______ these tests without being able to speak Englishon a daily topic, write a decent essay.A. look throughB. carry throughC. sail throughD. put through13.Newspapers and magazines carry extensive ______ of diet and health topics, and diet books areamong the best sellers.A. sketchB. concernC. coverageD. involvement14.China’s ______ cultural heritage should be better protected through increased efforts topreserve endangered art.A.indivisibleB. intelligibleC. intangibleD. inalienable15.Had the explosion broken out, the passengers in the plane should have been killed, for it was______ timed with the plane’s take-off.A. simultaneouslyB. instantaneouslyC. spontaneouslyD. conscientiouslyPart III. Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: There are four reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions. Choose the best answer from the four choices given and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage oneThere is widespread belief that the emergence of giant industries has been accompanied by an equivalent surge in industrial research. A recent study of important inventions made since the turn of the century reveals that more than half were the product of individual inventors working alone, independent of organized industrial research. While industrial laboratories contributed such important products as nylon and transistors, independent inventors developed air conditioning, the automatic transmission, the jet engine, the helicopter, insulin, and streptomycin. Still other inventions, such as stainless steel, television, silicones, and Plexiglas were developed through the combined efforts of individuals and laboratory teams.Despite these finding, we are urged to support monopolistic power on the grounds that such power creates an environment supportive of innovation. We are told that the independent inventor, along with the small firm, cannot afford to undertake the important research needed to improve our standard of living while protecting our diminishing resources; that only the giant corporation or conglomerate, with its prodigious assets, can afford the kind of expenditures that produce the technological advances vital to economic progress. But when we examine expenditures for research, we find that of the more than $35 billion spent each year in this country, almost two-thirds is spent by the federal government. More than half of this government expenditure is funneled into military research and product development, accounting for the enormous increase in spending in such industries as nuclear energy, aircraft, missiles, and electronics. There are those who consider it questionable that these defense-linked research projects will either improve our standard of living or do much to protect our diminishing resources.Recent history has demonstrated that we may have to alter our longstanding conception of the process actuated by competition. The price variable, once perceived as the dominant aspect of the process, is now subordinate to the competition of the new product, the new business structure, and the new technology. While it can be assumed that in a highly competitive industry not dominated by single corporation, investment in innovation—a risky and expensive budget item—might meet resistance from management and stockholders concerned about cost-cutting, efficient organization, and large advertising budgets, it would be an egregious error to equate the monopolistic producer with bountiful expenditures on research. Large-scale enterprises tend to operate more comfortably in stable and secure circumstances, and their managerial bureaucracies tend to promote the status quo and resist the threat implicit in change. Moreover, in some cases, industrial giants faced with little or no competition seek toavoid the capital loss resulting from obsolescence by deliberately obstructing technological progress. By contrast, small firms undeterred by large investments in plant and capital equipment often aggressively pursue new techniques and new products, investing in innovation in order to expand their market shares.The conglomerates are not, however, completely except from strong competitive pressures. There are instances in which they too must compete with another industrial Goliath, and then their weapons may include large expenditures for innovation.16.The primary purpose of the passage is to______.A．advocate an increase in government support of organized industrial researchB．point out a common misconception about the relationship between the extent of industrial research and the growth of monopolistic power in industryC．describe the inadequacies of small firms in dealing with the important matter of research and innovationD．show that America’s strength depends upon individual ingenuity and resourcefulness17.According to the passage, important inventions of the twentieth century______.A. were produced largely as a result of governmental support for military weapons researchand developmentB. came primarily from the huge laboratories of monopolistic industriesC. were produced at least as frequently by independent inventors as by research teamsD. have greater impact on smaller firms than on conglomerates18.Which of the following best describes the organization of the second paragraph of the passage?A. Expenditures for various aspects of research are listed.B. Reasons for supporting monopolistic power are given and then questioned.C. Arguments are presented for minimizing competitive bidding for research.D. Resources necessary for research are defined.19.With which of the following statements would the author of the passage be most likely toagree?A. Monopolistic power creates an environment supportive of innovation.B. Governmental expenditure for military research will do much to protect our dwindlingresources.C. Industrial giants, with their managerial bureaucracies, respond more quickly totechnological change than smaller firms do.D. Firms with a small share of the market aggressively pursue innovations because they arenot locked into old capital equipment.20.Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the author’s main point?A. In the last decade, conglomerates have significantly increased their research budgets fordefense technology.B. Tax restructuring permits smaller firms to write off a larger percentage of profits againstresearch.C. A ten-year study of the extent of resources devoted to research by smaller enterprisesreveals a steady decline.D. Military research is being directed more extensively to space technology than to short-range missiles.Passage twoOf the great variety of opinions concerning “marriage for money”, the following three are important with reference to the development of the importance of money. Marriages based exclusively upon economic motives have not only existed in all periods and at all stages of development, but are particularly common among primitive groups and conditions where they do not cause any offence at all. The disparagement of personal dignity that nowadays arises in every marriage that is not based on personal affection – so that a sense of decency requires the concealment of economic motives – does not exist in simpler cultures. The reason for this development is that increasing individualization makes it increasingly contradictory and discreditable to enter into purely individual relationships for other than purely individual reasons.For nowadays the choice of a partner in marriage is no longer determined by social motives (though regard for the offspring may be considered to be such a motive), in so far as society does not insist upon the couple’s equal social status – a condition, however, that provides a great deal of latitude and only rarely leads to conflicts between individual and social interests. In a quite undifferentiated society it may be relatively irrelevant who marries whom, irrelevant not only for the mutual relationship of the couple but also for the offspring. This is because where the constitutions, state of health, temperament, internal and external forms of life and orientations are largely the same within the group, the chance that the children will turn out well depends less upon whether the parents agree andcomplement each other than it does in highly differentiated society. It therefore seems quite natural and expedient that the choice of the partner should be determined by reasons other than purely individual affection. Yet personal attraction should be decisive in a highly individualized society where a harmonious relationship between two individuals becomes increasingly rare.The declining frequency of marriage which is to be found everywhere in highly civilized cultural circumstances is undoubtedly due, in part, to the fact that highly differentiated people in general have difficulty in finding a completely sympathetic complement to themselves. Yet we do not possess any other criterion and indication for the advisability of marriage except mutual instinctive attraction. But, happiness is a purely personal matter, decided upon entirely by the couple themselves, and there would be no compelling reason for the official insistence on at least pretending love may be misleading – particularly in the higher strata, whose complicated circumstances often retard the growth of the purest instincts – no matter how much other conditions may affect the final results, it remains true that, with reference to procreation, love is decidedly superior to money as a factor selection. In fact, in this respect, it is the only right and proper thing.Marriage for money directly creates a situation of panmixia – the indiscriminate pairing regardless of individual qualities – a condition that biology has demonstrated to be the cause of the most direct and detrimental degeneration of the human species. In the case of marriage for money, the union of a couple is determined by a factor that has absolutely nothing to do with racial appropriateness – just as the regard for money often enough keeps apart a couple who really belong together – and it should be considered as a factor in degeneration to the same extent to which the undoubted differentiation of individuals makes selection by personal attraction more and more important. This case too illustrates once more that the increasing individualization within society renders money increasingly unsuitable asa mediator of purely individual relationships.21. According to the text, what is said to influence matrimonial compatibility and stability insimpler cultures?A. Personal dignityB. Economic declineC. Monetary considerationsD. Financial growth22.Marriages motivated by monetary aspirations are more likely not to be camouflaged in whatstrata of society?A. Upper middleB. Middle middleC. Lower middleD. Lower lower23.The marriage rate is said to be decreasing because ______.A. we demand too much of our partnersB. partners don’t give complimentsC. people are too differentiated sociallyD. the economic disparity in many regions is growing24.How is the question of race in relation to marriage similar to the question of money?A. They fuel mutual instinctual attractionB. They inspire individual responsibilitiesC. They deflect superficial relationshipsD. They prohibit suitable marriages25.Panmixia is said to ______.A. aid the selection processB. complement individualizationC. inspire positive resultsD. set up biological declinePassage threeThe terrorist attacks in London Thursday served as a stunning reminder that in today’s world, you never know what you might see when you pick up the newspaper or turn on the TV. Disturbing images of terror can trigger an instinctive response no matter how close or far away from home the vent happened.Throughout history, every military conflict has involved psychological warfare in one way or another as the enemy sought to break the morals of their opponent. But thanks to advances in technology, the popularity of the Internet, and proliferation of news coverage, the rules of engagement in this type of mental battle have changed.Whether it’s a massive attack or a single horrific act, the effects of psychological warfare aren’t limited to the physical damage inflicted. Instead, the goal of these attacks is to instill a sense of fear that is much greater than the actual threat itself.Therefore, the impact of psychological terror depends largely on how the acts are publicized and interpreted. But that also means there are ways to defend yourself and your loved ones by putting thesefears into perspective and protecting your children from horrific images.What Is Psychological Terror? “The use of terrorism as a tactic is based upon inducing a climate of fear that is disproportionate with the actual threat,” says Middle Eastern historian Richard Bulliet of Columbia University. “Every time you have an act of violence, publicizing that violent becomes an important part of the act itself.”“There are various ways to have your impact. You can have your impact by the magnitude of what you do, by the symbolic character of target, or the horrific quality of what you do to a single person,” Bulliet tells WebMD. “The point is that it isn’t what you do, but it’s how it’s covered that determines the effect.” For example, Bulliet says the Iranian hostage crisis, which began in 1979 and lasted for 444 days, was actually one of the most harmless things that happened in the Middle East in the last 25 years. All of the U.S. hostages were eventually released unharmed, but the event remains a psychological scar for many　Americans who watched helplessly as each evening’s newscast counted the days the hostages were being held captive.Bulliet says terrorists frequently exploit images of a group of masked individuals exerting total power over their captives to send the message that the act is a collective demonstration of the group’s power rather than an individual criminal act. “You don’t have the notion that a certain person has taken a hostage. It’s an image of group power, and the force becomes generalized rather than personalized,” says Bulliet. “The randomness and the ubiquity （无处不在）of the threat give the impression of vastly greater capacities.”Psychiatrist Ansar Haroun, who served in the U.S. Army Reserves in the first Gulf War and more recently in Afghanistan, says that terrorist groups often resort to psychological warfare because it’s the only tactic they have available to them. “They don’t have M-16s, and we have M-16s. They don’t have the mighty military power that we have, and they only have access to things like kidnapping,” says Haroun, who is also a clinical professor of psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego.“In psychological warfare, even one beheading （斩首）can have the psychological impact that might be associated with killing 1,000 of the enemy,” Haroun tells WebMD. “You haven’t really harmed the enemy very much by killing one person on the other side. But in terms of inspiring fear, anxiety, terror, and making us all feel bad, you’ve achieved a lot of demoralization.”26.What has changed the rules of psychological warfare?A. Terrorist attacks.B. The increase of military conflicts.C. Advances in nuclear weapons.D. Prosperity of the media.27.The goal of psychological warfare is to ______.A. change the ideology of the opponent.B. win a battle without military attacks.C. generate a greater sense of fear.D. bring about more physical damage.28.According to Richard Bulliet, publicizing an act of violence becomes an important part ofterrorism itself because ________.A. psychological terrorism is a tactic.B. terrorism depends on a climate of fear rather than on the actual threat.C. the use of terrorism is to inspire fear that is more destructive than the actual threat.D. publicizing the violence can make more people know the actual threat.29.The Iranian hostage crisis shows that ________.A. means determines effects.B. hostage crises are prevalent.C. psychological terrors remain harmless.D. the American media is effective.30.In this passage the author ________.A. emphasizes the great impact of psychological warfare.B. criticizes the violence of terrorism.C. calls for an end to psychological warfare.D. opposes the hostage crisis.Passage fourWhen Privacy International, a human rights watchdog group, started searching for the favorites for its annual award for “most invasive company,” three nominees were judged as potentially eligible for a trophy featuring a lace-up shoe crushing a head. FollowUs, a new mobile phone tracking company in Britain, didn’t get the boot, but it was singled out as a runner-up because it is in the vanguard of emerging companies that permit a curious boss to track wandering workers in the field by standard cellphones and computers.The fear, says Simon Davies, of Privacy International, is that telephone tracking could pose a major privacy issue for the future as technology advances. The number of mobile employees who work outside the office is rising steadily and is expected to reach almost 100 million in Europe by 2007. So it’s no surprise that privacy advocates and some unions are wary that the new tools could be used as the digital equivalent of roaming sweat shops, with employees under constant watch. In the 18 months since FollowUs was created, the company has sold its services to more than 20,000 users, mostly managers of small businesses who are looking for inexpensive alternatives to the Global Positional System, according to Kevin Brown, the company’s operations director.But Brown said: “It is not all about keeping an eye on people. There are benefits. We know of one case where a logistics company implemented the solution after one of their drivers died in his lorry after having a heart attack while parked asleep. It took them two days to find and recover the guy.” FollowUs is already laying groundwork to expand to Germany, the Netherlands and Italy, where Brown said local regulations were more receptive than in France, which interprets European Union privacy rules more strictly. Brown said that employees must consent to be tracked after receiving a telephone text message. Davies, of Privacy International, takes a dim view of such consent. “It’s a bit like the offer you can’t refuse,” he said. “It’s a godfather situation, where, in order to gain employment, you have to accept unfavorable conditions.” He advises companies to use the techniques with caution and candor. “The rule of thumb,” he said, “is to make people want to use it, give them a reason for it and respect them.”31.Which of the following is NOT true of FollowUs?A.It is one of the first companies that provide tracking services.B.It has caused considerable concern from human rights groups.C.It is chosen as the “most invasive company” by Privacy International.D.It has developed a new technology to track workers by mobile phone.pared with Global Positioning System, FollowUs Services ______.A.cause more privacy problemB.cost employers less moneyC.boast greater accuracyD.take less people to operate33.The example of a driver who died in his lorry emphasizes the ______ of FollowUs services.A.inconvenienceB.problemC.effectivenessD.necessity34.Davies believes that the requirement for employee consent ______.A.may protect privacy to a limited extentB.cannot be effectively implemented in realityC.should be used with cautionD.is not compatible with company rules35.The main idea of the passage may be summarized as ______.A.FollowUs---A New Service with ProblemsB.FollowUs---Rapid Spread in EuropeC.FollowUs---Latest Fashion in TechD.FollowUs---Cross and BenefitsPart IV Translation (20 points)A.Directions: Translate the following paragraph into Chinese, and write the Chinese version onthe Answer Sheet. (10%)Death is a subject that is evaded, ignored, and denied by our youth-worshiping, process-oriented society. It is almost as we have taken on death as just another disease to be conquered. But the fact is that death is inevitable. We will all die; it is only a matter of time. Death is as much a part of human existence, of human growth and development, as being born. It is one of the few things in life we can count on that we can be assured will occur. Death is not an enemy to be conquered or a prison to be escaped. It is an integral part of our lives that gives meaning to human existence. It sets a limit on our time in this life, urging us to do something productive with that time as long as it is ours to use.B.Directions: Translate the following paragraph into English, and write the English version on theAnswer Sheet. (10%)电子邮件对我们职业生涯和个人生活的影响非同一般。

昆明理工大学2018年《1111英语》考博专业课真题试卷

10. They fear it could have a(n) ______ effect on global financial markets.
A. sizeable
B. adverse
C. beneficial
D. consequential
11. Just as you do not wish others to ______ their desires upon you, you must leave it to them to
1. When ______ at the door, she was given a warm welcome.
A. appear
B. appeared
C. appearing
D. appears
2. Mr. Lee is far too wise a man not ______ that.
A. seeing
A. attribute
B. chore
C. repast
D. jargon
14. He was a lonely, miserable ______.
A. feast
B. spouse
C. wretch
D. dignity
15. This newly established institution has to face a whole range of crimes and ______.
7. There has been much opposition from some social groups, ______from the farming community.
A. straightforwardly B. notably

2018昆明理工大学211-翻译硕士英语A卷考研真题硕士研究生专业课考试试题

昆明理工大学2018年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题(A卷) 考试科目代码：211 考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语考生答题须知1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。

请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。

2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。

3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。

4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。

昆明理工大学英语2018年考博真题博士入学试卷

昆明理工大学英语2018年考博真题博士入学试卷昆明理工大学2018年博士研究生招生考试试题（A）考试科目代码：1111 考试科目名称：英语试题适用招生专业：全校考生答题须知1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。

请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。

2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。

3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。

4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。

Part I Structure and Vocabulary( 15 points )Directions: In this part, there are fifteen incomplete sentences. For each sentence four alternatives A, B, C or D are given. Decide which of the alternatives best completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET.1.When ______ at the door, she was given a warm welcome.A.appearB. appearedC. appearingD. appears2.Mr. Lee is far too wise a man not ______ that.A.seeingB. being seenC. seeD. to see3.The residents, ______ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.A.all their homesB. all whose homesC.all of whose homesD. all of their homes4.______, I must do another experiment.A.Be it ever so lateB. It is ever so lateC.It be ever so lateD. So late it be ever5.I wish ______ to Stockholm when I was in Sweden. I hear it’sa beautiful city.A.I wentB. I had goneC. to goD. to have gone6.Tom ______ better than to ask Dick for help.A.shall knowB. has knownC. shouldn’t knowD. should have known7.There has been much opposition from some social groups, ______from the farmingcommunity.A.straightforwardlyB. notablyC. virtuallyD. exceptionally8.The ______ view in Britain and other Western countriesassociates aging with decline,dependency, isolation, and often poverty.A.predominantB. credulousC. inclusiveD. sustainable9.The foreman read the ______ of guilty fourteen times, one for each defendant.A.prejudiceB. verificationC. verdictD. punishment10.They fear it could have a(n) ______ effect on global financial markets.A.sizeableB. adverseC. beneficialD. consequential11.Just as you do not wish others to ______ their desires upon you, you must leave it to them tobe free to follow their own direction in life.A.inflictB. disputeC. ridiculeD. antedate12.The children have a more ______ view, only taking in consideration what will work.昆明理工大学2018年博士研究生招生考试试题第 1 页共 8 页。

昆明理工大学英语2019年考博真题博士入学试卷

昆明理工大学2019年博士研究生招生考试试题（A）
考试科目代码：1111 考试科目名称：英语
试题适用招生专业：全校
考生答题须知
1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。

请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。

2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。

3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。

4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。

第 1 页共 6 页。

2018年昆明理工大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题试题试卷

目录2018 年昆明理工大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题试题试卷 (2)昆明理工大学2018年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题(A卷)考试科目代码：211考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语考生答题须知1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。

请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。

2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。

3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。

4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。

PartⅠVocabulary and Structure(1x30=30points)In this section,there are thirty incomplete sentences.For each sentence four choicess marked A, B,C and D are given.Decide which of the alternatives best completes the sentence.Write the appropriate letter on the ANSWER SHEET.1.Peter is one of the greatest of our public benefactors.He_____the cathedral at Hampton.A.resurrectedB.repairedC.savedD.restored2.The last of the sunlight was shining_____the latticed window.A.athwartB.throughC.intoD.over3.The need of college students to control their own destinies has______a new series of policiesfrom the administration.A.movedB.promptedC.stimulatedD.seduced4.The boy had been so mistreated that he was faced with a vast,uncomprehending___everyday.A.hesitationB.difficultyC.uneaseD.uncertainty5.He______under oath that the woman had not been at the scene of the crime.A.testedB.contestedC.protestedD.testified6.Perspective in drawing gives the______of depth.A.delusionB.disillusionmentC.disillusionD.illusion7.Ron thanked his______for helping him through a tough time.A.benefactorB.beneficiaryC.contestantD.arbitrate8.They criticized Martin Luther King for his rigid_______on non-violence.A.postureB.stanceC.attitudeD.approach9.The budgets of several departments will require pruning.All the following can replace theunderlined part EXCEPT_______.A.trimmingB.choppingC.snippingD.mincing10.All of the women_______at how well formed the baby was.A.acclaimedB.declaimedC.exclaimedD.proclaimed11.In Britain,the sovereign_______but does not govern.A.reinsB.reignsC.deignsD.feigns第1页共9页昆明理工大学2018年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题12.These teachers try to be objective when they evaluate the_______ability of their students.A.integratedB.integralC.segregatedD.desegregated13.A terrible traffic accident happened;people were saddened when they watched the_______sight on TV.A.panicB.patrioticC.patheticD.periodic14.The element of nature must be________with in any military campaign,which is a lesson wehave learnt from Unit One in our text book.A.thoughtB.consideredC.regardedD.reckoned15.Once they have a common goal,nothing________their love.A.stands up toB.gets along withC.gets in the way ofD.faces up to16.Heavy fighting has been going on after the Red Army had launched their________against theirenemy.A.offensiveB.resistanceC.occupationD.retreat17.The talks might_______for weeks before any concrete result is announced.A.press onB.drag onC.get bogged downD.hold out18.Most skin cancers can be cured if________and treated early.A.staredB.lookedC.studiedD.detected19.Thousands of ex-army officers have found________jobs in private security firmsA.helpfulB.responsibleC.lucrativeD.academic20.The doctor________Tom’s operation with x-rays and special exercises to make him stronger.A.followed upB.went afterC.started upD.swept aside2`.Friendly contacts between different peoples________the cultural and economic interchange.A.grillB.obligeC.mountD.facilitate22.Irene is so incredibly musical and has a natural________to perform.A.instinctB.conceptionC.perceptionD.implication23.To be________with you,I think you’re making a dreadful mistake by refusing to cooperate.A.responsibleB.candidC.efficientD.discontent24.For my own part,I find that appearances are too often________.A.feasibleB.insaneC.offensiveD.deceptive25(1).The shopkeepers are complaining that business has been reduced to a________of what it was before the outbreak of war.A.sectionB.portionC.trifleD.fraction25(2).He should________what he’s good at,and not switch to something he knows nothing about.A.take onB.stick toC.go onD.live on26.You can________the video camera on a tripod，so that you don’t have to worry about holdingit steady while you ask questions.A.mountB.displaceC.carveD.eliminate27.They hurried there______the meeting cancelled.In fact,they______at all.第2页共9页。

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昆明理工大学2018年博士研究生招生考试试题（A）
考试科目代码：1111 考试科目名称：英语
试题适用招生专业：全校
考生答题须知
1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。

请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。

2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。

3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。

4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。

Part I Structure and Vocabulary( 15 points )
Directions: In this part, there are fifteen incomplete sentences. For each sentence four alternatives A, B, C or D are given. Decide which of the alternatives best completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET.
1.When ______ at the door, she was given a warm welcome.
A.appear
B. appeared
C. appearing
D. appears
2.Mr. Lee is far too wise a man not ______ that.
A.seeing
B. being seen
C. see
D. to see
3.The residents, ______ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.
A.all their homes
B. all whose homes
C.all of whose homes
D. all of their homes
4.______, I must do another experiment.
A.Be it ever so late
B. It is ever so late
C.It be ever so late
D. So late it be ever
5.I wish ______ to Stockholm when I was in Sweden. I hear it’s a beautiful city.
A.I went
B. I had gone
C. to go
D. to have gone
6.Tom ______ better than to ask Dick for help.
A.shall know
B. has known
C. shouldn’t know
D. should have known
7.There has been much opposition from some social groups, ______from the farming
community.
A.straightforwardly
B. notably
C. virtually
D. exceptionally
8.The ______ view in Britain and other Western countries associates aging with decline,
dependency, isolation, and often poverty.
A.predominant
B. credulous
C. inclusive
D. sustainable
9.The foreman read the ______ of guilty fourteen times, one for each defendant.
A.prejudice
B. verification
C. verdict
D. punishment
10.They fear it could have a(n) ______ effect on global financial markets.
A.sizeable
B. adverse
C. beneficial
D. consequential
11.Just as you do not wish others to ______ their desires upon you, you must leave it to them to
be free to follow their own direction in life.
A.inflict
B. dispute
C. ridicule
D. antedate
12.The children have a more ______ view, only taking in consideration what will work.
昆明理工大学2018年博士研究生招生考试试题
第 1 页共 8 页。