欧洲文化期末考试英语试题
《欧洲文化入门》试卷
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山东农业大学考试专用
Part III: Answer the following two questions briefly: (10 points) 1. What are the three main elements of Marxism and what are their main sources? 2. What do you think are the major influences of the Bible and the Greco-Roman Culture on European Culture?
4. Name at least six important figures during the time of Romanticism in Europe and their works (masterpiece) or their contributions to culture. (6 points)
means only the adult __________citizens. 4. Revived in 1896, the Olympic Games have become the world’s _____________ sports competition. 5. Oedipus the king has a perfect plot. It is the story of a man who unknowingly committed terrible sin.
欧洲文化考试题型【范本模板】
Multiple Choice1. Parthenon in Greece is the place where people worship ________.a. many gods b。
one godc。
many goddesses d. many gods and goddesses 2．In the early days of Christianity, it was a religion of _______.a. the rich b。
the poorc. the ruling classd. all people3. Which of the following statements about Knighthood is NOT true?a。
a nobleman was born a knightb. knighthood had to be earnedc。
one had to be trained in order to become a knightd. after being dubbed a knight, he had to observe the Code of Chivalry。
4。
The Inquisition was _____。
a. a church court set up to try heretics b。
an organization for church investigationc. a court in many kingdomsd. the decision-making body of the church5。
The Statue of Liberty was a gift from ________ to the American people for the 100—year anniversary of the independence of the U.S.A。
欧洲文化入门(阅读)期末复习资料
欧洲文化入门（阅读）欧洲文化入门课程期末考试为闭卷考试，考试范围为课本以下章节：古代近东、古希腊、古罗马、中世纪中期、文艺复兴和宗教改革。
考试题型为单选题和判断正误题，题库为各章后的练习选择题1、Greek myths reflect Greeks' exploration of the followings except___.C.the mysterious outer space2、The name Jesus suggests__. B.that God saves us from sin3、Odysseus___ returned to his faithful wife after the ten-year TrojanWar. C.was a Greek hero who4、In the Renaissance, the ancient myths___. A.served as sources ofinspiration for artistic creation5、According to Greek myths about creation, ____was the foundation ofall things. D.Chaos6、Common types of myths exclude___. D.myths of mortals7、No hero of Greek mythology has proved more fascinating than Oedipusfor __.A.he fulfilled the prophecy of killing his father and marrying his mother8、According to Greek mythology ___, which goes well with the idea ofDaoism in China. A.something can be produced from nothing9、The original language of the New Testament was used ___. D.in homesand marketplaces10、The religious ministry of Jesus was followed by his 12 apostlesfor ___. D.Israel was made up of 12 tribes11、1066 marked the__. B.Norman Conquer of England12、Overgrowth of population in Europe in the Late Middle Ages caused__. B.the shortage of food supply13、In the 13th century, many schools _. A.were organized intouniversities14、In the Carolingian time popes__. B.were regarded as models of piety15、___ were regarded as heretics in the Middle Ages. B.Those who didnot believe in Christianity16、Of the following orders of columns, which one is more formal and dignified and mainlyused in mainland Greece? A.Doric17、The Council of Constance marked B.the end of the Western Schism.18、Which of the following statements about Western Schism is NOT true? D.The emperorof Holy Roman Empire in Germany recognized Clement.19、Beginning in the 4th century, army units of German were__.C.welcomed into theRoman Empire to defend the Romans20、Which Hellenistic kingdom ruled Egypt and parts of the Middle East?A.PtolemaicKingdom21、Which is not one of the things that the Viscontis, the Sforzas and the Medicis had incommon? B.They were rulers of Milan during the Renaissance.22、Which one is not a period of Italian Renaissance Art? B.Middle Renaissance23、1066 marked the__B.Norman Conquest of England24、For some Muslims, Qur’an should not be translated because_____.C.the originalme aning of Qur’an would be distorted.25、The Late Middle Ages were marked by the following features, EXCEPT? C.Rivalrybetween feudal governments led to wars, the most violent being the Hundred Years’ War fought between Germany and Italy.26、Which of the following statements about villages in the Middle Ages is NOT true? D.Fewvillages had a few artisans and traders who combined farm work with other labor.27、The second founding father of Christianity was _____.B.St. Paul28、Who was not a representative writer of Northern Renaissance? A.Giovanni Boccaccio29、Who was not a believer in the heliocentric theory? D.Francis Bacon30、Which of the following statements about ciompi is NOT true? D.They had not lost theirhold on power.31、What event marked the climax of Charlemagne’s career and the formation of westernEuropean civilization? D.Charlemagne was crowned “Holy Roman Emperor” by the Pope.32、The first city- builders in Italy were ________.C.the Etruscans33、All of the following Roman officers were produced by election EXCEPT ____.B.dictator34、Who replaced the Council of 400 with the Council of 500? C.Cleisthenes35、In the first Greco-Persian War, Greek army defeated the Persian forces and won asmashing victory in the battle of ____.B.Marathon36、Which of the following statements about the third Crusade is NOT true? D.Richardstayed longer, and took Jerusalem.37、The ethnic origin of Jesus was ____.C.Hebrew38、Major changes in Roman religious life were mainly a result of _____.C.territorialexpansion of Rome39、Which description of the Hellenistic civilization is incorrect? D.Its commercial, culturaland intellectual centre was Athens.40、Which description of the traditional Greek religion is incorrect? C.In ancient Greece, themain religious ceremony took place inside the temple.41、In the Early Middle Ages, the Roman Church and the Eastern Church were divided overthe following issues EXCEPT for ______.D.baptism42、Epicureanism and Stoicism are similar in the following ways except for____.B.Both wereidealistic in world view.43、Which description of Greek democracy of the Archaic Period is not true?B.It is thesame with modern democracy.44、What was the main difference between serfs and slaves in Western Europe? C.themilitary protection provided by the lord45、Which description of the Age of Pericles is NOT true? D.It was when the nobles becamea major force in politics.46、Which of the following statements about the Crusades is NOT true? A.On the way tothe Holy Land, a crusader wore the white cross on his outfit47、Which one is NOT the reason that Justinian is considered the first great Byzantineemperor? C.He declared himself to be God’s representative on earth.48、Which of the following descriptions of pre-Islamic Arabia is not true?B.Pre-IslamicArabs showed no interest in sea trade.49、Which one does NOT indicate that Euripides was the most revolutionary dramatist inancient Greece? D.His use of graceful language and perfect form.50、During the Great Famine, starvation even drove some people to eat the following livingcreatures, EXCEPT C.snakes51、Which of the following is NOT true about Emperor Constantine the Great? B.He madeChristianity the state religion.52、The gladiator show indicated Romans’ love for _____.C.violence53、The Italian Renaissance scholars did all the following things except for ____. C.refusingto accept religious teaching or read religious works.54、Which description of Petrarch is wrong? C.He valued his Italian writings more than hisLatin writings.55、Who did not belong to the Florentine School of the Early Renaissance art? D.Raphael56、Which of the following was NOT true about the early Christians? B.They accepted theidea that emperors were divine.57、In the year of ____, Constantine the Great issued Edit of Milan which officially madeChristianity legal. B.31358、Which city was NOT a prominent trading centre during the Early Middle Ages?C.Medina59、Which one of the following statements about the English Parliament in 1259 is NOTtrue? D.it was a major check on royal authority60、Christianity originated from__. B.Palestine61、Which categories of publication does Erasmus’s The Praise of Fo lly belong to? A.cleversatires to expose people’s errors62、In terms of science, what was the significant shift in thinking during the RenaissanceAge? B.the emphasis on how things happened in nature63、All the following constitute the main forms of heresy, EXCEPT D.worshipers64、Which description of the Islamic philosophy is true? B.Al-Ghazali regarded Greekphilosophy as corrupters of Islamic faith.65、Which one of the following architectural constructions was not typical Roman?D.column66、Olive trees and grapevine were introduced into Italy by ______. B.Greeks67、Britain was turned into a Roman province in ________. B.the 1st century68、Which of the following group of people did not constitute a class in Sparta? D.nobles69、What is the Central Middle Ages also called? C.“Age of Faith”70、Constantine the Great declared __. B.toleration for all religions71、For those who want to convert to Islam, which of the following pillars of Islam is of theutmost importance? A.reciting the Muslim statement of faith with conviction72、Concerning the economy of the Byzantine Empire, Islamic Empire and western Europeduring the Middle Ages, which statement is NOT true? B.Islamic economy in the 7th century was already very prosperous.73、The government of the Roman Republic included all of the following branches EXCEPT______. D.the judicial branch74、Which is the correct description of life in the Byzantine Empire? A.Peasants had a hardlife due to the high tax on land.75、Compared with Italian Renaissance, Northern Renaissance had the following distinctivefeatures except for ______. C.influence of classicism76、The following descriptions of the Mycenaean culture are true EXCEPT for ____. C.TheMycenaean raid on Crete was recorded in Homer’s epics.77、Which factor directly resulted in the first great split in Christianity in 1054? D.Pope LeoIX asserted the supreme authority of the papacy and clashed with the Patriarch of Constantinople Michael Cerularius78、Which factor did not facilitate the Islamic expansion? D.the influence of the strictmonotheism of Islam79、The following descriptions of the second Greco-Persian War are true EXCEPT for _____.B.All Greek city-states united to counter the Persian invasion.80、The Black Death struck a serious blow to the Catholic Church in the following ways,EXCEPT B.Many clergy stuck to their Christian duties and died.81、Three of the following statements are true with the early experience of Christianity.Which one is the exception? A.Unlike the Jews, the early Christians of the Roman Empire suffered persecution.82、All the following statements featured the Capetian kings of France, EXCEPT A.TheCapetian kings established strong royal power by conquest, as William had done in England83、Christians considered pagan gods_____. A.as demons84、Who was regarded as the “father of oil painting”?D.Jan van Eyck85、Pope Urban VI started to reform the church and wanted to abolish the following abuses,EXCEPT D.homosexual86、Which of the following statements about Byzantine classicism is true? A.The Byzantinesrevered ancient Greek literature, philosophy and historiography.87、It was during the ____ that the Romans were defeated by the famous Carthaginiangeneral Hannibal. B.the 2nd Punic War88、Which one of the following was NOT a member of the First Triumvirate? B.Sulla89、In the early days of the Roman Republic, ______ had the most important law makingpower. C.the Assembly of Curiae90、All the following statements about the medieval commune are true EXCEPT__. C.Nocommunes battled violently for rights of self-governance.91、What were the three forms of vernacular literature for town dwellers? D.fabliaux, fablesand dramas92、Which one of the following groups of the people could vote in the Roman assemblies?A.Roman generals and adult male plebians93、All of the following political ideas can be accredited to the Romans EXCEPT ____.C.democracy94、Which one does not belong to the Bronze Age civilizations of ancient Greece?C.Hellenistic civilization95、The Hundred Years’ War arose from the following causes, EXCEPT,C.Famine, plague,economic turmoil, social upheaval.96、All the following made up the basic social structure of medieval rural communitiesEXCEPT___. D.The guild97、Which is not the similarity shared by Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales and Boccaccio’sDecameron? D.religious themes98、Which of the following statements about The Hundred Years’ War is NOT true?C.Horse-riding knights became more important army force than infantry.99、In Early Middle Ages, Western European civilization differed from the Byzantine andIslamic Empires in the following aspects EXCEPT for _____. C.the influence of ancient Greco-Roman civilizations.100、Which one of the following statements was NOT a factor that brought about the agricultural growth during the Central Middle Ages? D.The food price dropped drastically. 101、The Roman expansion had many consequences EXCEPT ______. B.economic gains for all Romans102、Which one of the following statements about the medieval universities is NOT true? D.A migration of scholars from Cambridge led to the establishment of the University of Oxford in England.103、Which one of the following statements about “Jacques rebellion” is NOT true?A.The peasants involved in the rebellion had a clear political program and organization.104、Which of the following statements about Joan of Arc is NOT true? C.Charles refused her to accompany the army.105、Which of the following reform measures resulted in the moral decline of the Romans?B.selling grain at a low price to citizens106、The economic success of the early Roman Empire was mainly achieved by _____.B.slaves107、Who is usually regarded as the “father of history”?A.Herodotus108、Which is not one of the three great achievements of Italian Renaissance art?A.the revival of classical texts109、What were the three forms of vernacular Literature for nobles? C.lyric poetry, epic poetry and romance poetry110、Jesus lived in the __. A.early 1st century111、Which form of literature was unpopular in the medieval Islamic world? D.drama112、Which one of the following statements about the Black Death is NOT true? D.Death caused by the Black Death worsened the situation of surviving peasants and laborers.113、Which of the following Renaissance writers was not known for his sonnets? A.Dante114、Which is not true in the following about the disruptive deities?C.They were in fact mortals115、The images of gods in Greek mythology are_________. C.as emotional as those of humans;116、The history of the English Bible is the history of the formation of the English language__.A.from a mixture of French, Anglo-Norman, and Anglo-Saxon;117、 A gospel in the New Testament ___. A.is a series of individual accounts of acts or sayings118、Which of the following is Not included in the major themes of the New Testament?B.the human persons119、In the New Testament Jesus was portrayed as the following figure except____. D.the almighty God120、Greek mythology relates the development of the order of the universe to_____ .C.Chaos121、The kingdom of God refers to__. B.the rule of God122、William Tyndale translated the New Testament in the 16 century from ___. B.the Greek text123、In the Middle Ages, the ancient myths___. C.were interpreted allegorically124、Roman writers like Virgil and Ovid were famous as they ___. B.created an inspiring Greco-Roman mythology125、The 19th-century interpretation of myths became more___. C.scientific126、The first complete English Bible was the work of translation by John Wycliffe from___.A.the Latin text127、According to the New Testament, the central message of Jesus was__.A.the kingdom of God128、New schools in the Central Middle Ages attracted__.C.teachers all over Europe129、Which of the following does not contribute to our knowledge of Greek mythology?D.Guesswork130、The deeds of the heroes Heracles and Theseus embody the conflict between___.D.civilization and wild savagery131、Which of the following is Not included in the major themes of the Old Testament?C.the Holy Spirit132、In the Age of Enlightenment, there was emphasis on____.B.rationality133、The early Christians were against ___.D.pagan culture134、Greek mythology influenced Western culture in the following aspects except_.B.architecture135、Which of the following is not true about the Greeks? A.They produced their sacred written text like the Bible136、Which of the following is Not true about the early experience of Jesus? D.His family returned home at last137、The Spanish monarchy was __.A.set up by the Christians138、Jews in the cities were__.D.persecuted by Christians139、By myths the Greeks could do the following except____.D.replacing the roles of gods140、Greek mythology reflects the following except_____ . D.how the Greeks interpreted the world as being orderly141、Greek mythology influenced Western culture in the following aspects except_.B.architecture142、Before the First Crusade, Jews__.C.were forced into the cities143、Roman mythology is actually___.B.not purely Roman144、Greek gods resembled human beings in the following aspects except ___.D.being immortal145、The early Hebrews___.A.concentrated on the role of a supreme god146、It was ____who unified England for the first time. D.King Alfred and his successors 147、Jews in the cities were good at__.A.doing business148、Monasteries were made rich by__.D.the kings and nobles149、The Late Middle Ages almost at the same time__.A.began with the Renaissance150、Historical narrative is best represented in the New Testament by the___.C.Acts of the Apostles151、The images of Cronus and Rhea reflect ___________.C.the communal marriage in the primitive society152、Which of the following is Not true about monasteries? C.Monks did not have to work in the fields at all153、Which of the following is Not true about Jesus? B.His real father was Joseph154、The Greeks’ sense of gods is shared by __.A.the Romans155、Which of the following is Not true about the king Herod? C.He killed all the boys where Jesus lived156、According to the New Testament the Christian church __.C.spoke more of salvation判断题1、In Virgil's Aeneid,Juno was described as the wife of Zeus in Greek mythology. ×2、The historical narratives of the Old Testament are popular. √3、Jupiter was the protector of the Roman state. √4、The Greek equivalent of Jupiter was Apollo. ×5、Observing Sunday as a holy day is not included in the spiritual standards of the Old Testament.×6、The Old Testament is regarded as a book recording the past event of the Jewish people. ×7、Early Christians regarded the Old Testament as an agreement God made through Moses. ×8、Aeneas arrived in Italy with Dido. ×9、The most significant part of the Christian Old Testament lies in books on laws. √10、All the narratives in the Old Testament may be called salvation stories because they areconcerned with showing how human beings were freed from sin. ×11、Recently, scholars argue for the Hebrew cultural influence on apocalyptic literature. √12、The Birth of Venus, created in the Renaissance,was a painting inspired by Virgil's vividdescriptions. ×13、In the story of the founding of Rome,the twins Romulus and Remus were the sons of agod and a woman. √14、Early Romans began to build temples for their gods 170 years before the city wasfounded. ×15、The Old Testament is a collection of books recording oral traditions in the Near East. √16、Early Christians regarded the New Testament as an agreement God made with Adamand Eve. ×17、The exodus from Egyp is related to the earliest history of Israel. √18、The major theological theme of the Old Testament is that Yahweh is the only God in theworld. ×19、There are ten major spiritual standards in the Old Testament. √20、The common feature of Hebrew poetry is rhyming. ×21、The second law in the Old Testament refers to the book of Genesis. ×22、The Ten Commandments are statements of human behavior. ×23、In the development of the Old Testament all the books came into being after oraltraditions. √24、The word renaissance originated in the belief that Europeans had rediscoveredthe superiority of Greek and Roman culture after many centuries of what they considered intellectual and cultural decline. √25、The era preceding the Renaissance became known as the Middle Ages. √26、Participants in the Renaissance studied the great civilizations of ancient Israel andGreece. ×27、Separation of church and state remains the political practice in the western world today.√28、At the beginning of the Middle ages the eastern half of the Roman Empire began tofragment.. ×29、By the 15th century the Pope had become powerful in both the secular life of theEuropeans as well as in their religious life. √30、All city-states of northern Italy belonged to the Holy Roman Empire during theRenaissance. ×31、During the Renaissance, many Italian scholars began to learn Greek because theywanted to translate Latin works into Greek. ×32、Romanesque architecture was known by its massive quality, round arches, barrel vaults,thick walls, sturdy pillars, small windows, large towers and decorative arcading. √33、Medieval fables are regarded as forerunners of the modern short story. ×34、The Hammurabi Code is the oldest known legal document in human history. ×35、The word “tyranny” was just as derogative in ancient Greece as today.×36、After Christianity became the state religion of the Roman Empire in the 4th century, allother religious beliefs disappeared. ×37、Christian Humanism helped pave the way for the Protestant Reformation. √38、According to Luther, the Bible was the only source of political and religious authority.√39、An important product of vernacular romance literature was the Romance of the Rose.√40、That the early Christians suffered systematical persecution by the Roman authoritieswas a myth. √41、“Middle English” was the national language of the England during the Early MiddleAges. ×42、In the Roman Empire, a foreign soldier could earn citizenship through his militaryservice. √43、Legends have it that the Garden of Eden situated on the Mesopotamian plain. √44、The Hammurabi Code ensured that every one is equal before the law. ×45、The Greek city-states varied greatly in their governmental structures. ×46、Reading of the Bible and his theological teaching made clearer Luther’s idea about themalpractices of the Church. √47、Out of great respect for traditions, the Romans were reluctant to make reforms. ×48、Octavian kept the republican system in name in order to gain support. √49、Martin Luther first expressed his idea of reforming the Church by criticizing the sale ofindulgences. √50、Florence was the major centre of the High Renaissance Art at the early 16th century.×51、Marsilio Ficino, the first man to translate Plato’s complete works from Greek into Latin,was known as a Neo-Platonist. √52、Universities served only a limited sector of the medieval population, only for men andthe wealthy; women and the poor were kept out of education. √53、Earlier Christian leaders all agreed that the gospel was intended for Jews and non-Jewsas well to hear. ×54、Mesopotamian civilization was based on the tradition, culture and custom of one singlegroup of ancient people living in the region. ×55、judaism instilled a sense of individualism ａnd equality into the hebrew society. √56、Athenian magistrate Solon devised the Council of 500 as a check to the power of thenobles. ×57、In the Middle Ages, Christians in Western Europe only needed to pay one tenth of theirannual income to the Church of Rome. ×58、During the 12th and 13th centuries, Romanesque style gradually took the place ofGothic style in architecture. ×59、In his incomplete Summa of Theology, Thomas Aquinas sought to reconcilesystematically Christian doctrine and Greek philosophy. √60、During the Renaissance, all scholars and artists abandoned medieval qualities andembraced modern values over night. ×61、In the Roman Republic, citizenship was determined by blood only. In other words, onlywhen both parents were native Romans could a person become Roman citizen. ×62、The Laws of the Twelve Tables was the first written law in Rome. √63、The Americans learnt from the ancient Rome in creating their federal government. √64、The Roman government offered free food to the poor people to achieve greaterharmony. ×65、The basic units of the first human civilization were city-states. √66、All Egyptian gods have a human body and an animal head. ×67、Among the Olympian gods, Zeus was the chief deity and he was mainly worshipped atOlympia. √68、Due to the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Counter-Reformation, the Churchof Rome lost its authority to settle all disputes among Christians. √69、According to Aristotle, Form (or Idea) exists as a higher reality than the material world.×70、To allow a person to buy God’s forgive ness and ransom his way out of hell, the Churchdeveloped the sale of indulgences. √71、The characteristic features of the Gothic style included pointed arches, ribbed vaults,flying buttresses, thinner walls, large and stained-glass windows. √72、The Romans were extremely intolerant of foreign religions. ×73、The Italian Renaissance was largely credited to the economic success in Italy at thattime. √74、The term “dictator” did not have its present day’s derogatory meaning in the period ofthe Roman Republic. √75、Officers in the Roman Republic were produced by drawing lots. ×76、Although people from different regions in the Roman Empire spoke different mothertongues, they could always communicate with strangers either in Latin or in Greek, the official languages of the Empire. ×77、The Romans were extremely intolerant of foreign religions. ×78、Similar to all ancient agricultural societies, ancient Egyptians also divided a year intofour seasons. ×79、The Minoan civilization is often regarded as the first advanced civilization of Europe. √80、The sales of Church offices led to low religious and personal standards of the clergymen.√81、Lyric is a poetic form so called because it was originally sung by individuals or a chorusaccompanied by a musical instrument called the lyre. √82、The Holy Roman Emperor Charles V helped the Pope in the movement of CatholicCounter-Reformation. ×83、The Northern Renaissance is the term used to describe the Renaissance in northernEurope, or more broadly in Europe outside Italy. √84、It was the Romans who created the name “Africa” after they conquered the CarthageEmpire. √85、Romance combined features of both vernacular epic and vernacular lyric. √86、At the age of 30, Jesus started to preach; but he had no intention to create a newreligion. √87、It was the Sumerians who first started systematic agriculture. √88、Though the idea of democracy originated in Athens, the practice was very differentfrom today’s western countries.√89、In the tale of Aeneas concerning Rome's founding, Aeneas was the son of a god and agoddess. ×90、Major changes in Roman religious life were due to expansion of Roman influence. √91、The historical narratives of the Old Testament are popular. √92、Rome used to be the religious centre, which caused foreign gods to find their way intoRome. ×93、In terms of literature, the Old Testament is an anthology because it is a collection ofmyths. ×94、The most significant part of the Christian Old Testament lies in books on laws. √95、Many books in the Old Testament are narratives because they report the events in thepast. √96、The Protestant version of the Old Testament is made up of the Jewish Bible only. √97、The Birth of Venus, created in the Renaissance,was a painting inspired by Virgil's vividdescriptions. ×98、Romulus and Remus decided to found a city of their own when they came to the throne.×99、The Throne Succession History of David in the Old Testament comes closer to themodern understanding of history. √100、Most of the prophetic books are Hebrew narratives in form. ×101、The thinking of the Renaissance participants was also influenced by the idea of freedom and equality, which emphasizes the worth of the individual. ×102、That you should not have sex with others beyond marriage is included in the spiritual standards of the Old Testament. √103、The apocalyptic writings concern the past events of the Jews. ×104、The early Romans cared about the human characters of gods. √105、The Old Testament tells the true history of the Jews. ×106、Etiological stories are those which explain the origin of some place, practice or name.√107、Practical advice for living a successful life is one of the general thems of the Hebrew wisdom poetry. √108、Renaissance began in Italy. √109、According to Roman mythology, the Romans originated from Asia Minor. √110、In the Jewish Bible there are 27 books in Hebrew. ×111、The word renaissance means "renewal".×112、Roman mythology involved the founding of all cities. ×113、Scholars now recognize that a number of characteristics of Renaissance art and society had their origins in the Middle Ages. √114、The early Christian church included in the Christian Bible the written records of both the Old and the New Testament because it believed in the continuity of history and of divine activity. √115、The Roman Catholic version of the Old Testament is made up of the Jewish Bible and some other books. √116、Hebrew prophetic books are made up of prophetic speeches. ×117、According to the Old Testament, death is a cruel reality. ×118、According to the Old Testament, Man is a unity of life and death. ×119、Renaissance eventually expanded into Germany, France, England, and other parts of the Mediterranean Sea. ×120、More accurately, the patriarchal stories in Genesis should be called families stories. √121、That different from other creatures, man is a unity of physical matter and life is one of the major theological themes of the Old Testament. ×。
欧洲文化考试题型
Multiple Choice1. Parthenon in Greece is the place where people worship ________.a。
many gods b. one godc. many goddesses d。
many gods and goddesses2．In the early days of Christianity, it was a religion of _______。
a。
the rich b。
the poorc。
the ruling class d. all people3. Which of the following statements about Knighthood is NOT true？a。
a nobleman was born a knightb。
knighthood had to be earnedc。
one had to be trained in order to become a knightd. after being dubbed a knight, he had to observe the Code of Chivalry.4. The Inquisition was _____.a. a church court set up to try hereticsb. an organization for church investigationc。
a court in many kingdoms d。
the decision—making body of the church5。
The Statue of Liberty was a gift from ________ to the American people for the 100-year anniversary of the independence of the U.S.A。
西方文化期末考试题
西方文化期期末考试试题班级：姓名：分数：一、写出下面单词或短语的中文意思。
(20%)1. apology______2. company_______3. appreciate_______4. attendto_______5.somewhat_______6.neglect______7.favor_______8.awkward _______9.stay out of one’s way_______10.gratitude______rm____ 12.by all means______13.decline______14.drop in_____15.in a mess_____ 16.punctual______17.overnight______18.courtesy_______19.vacant______20.hesitation______二、判断题（20分)1.At the dinner table when you want some salt, you say “please pass me the salt” instead of stretching out your arms to reach for it.2. Americans say “excuse me”more often and on more occasions than the Chinese people.3.We say “sorry” when we need to pass in front of someone.4.”Thank you”means that you appreciate what someone has done for you very often, very small and most ordinary things.5.People in the West thank people all day long.6.Some Japanese students make excessive expressions of gratitude, which give Westerners the sense of empty thanks and insincerity.7.Over doing apology actually is a right behavior in the American8.Americans often plan social gatherings on short notice.9.If a friend has invited you to drop in by any time, it is best to call before visiting to make sure it is convenient for them.10.If you have accepted the invitation, you should get to the place at the fixed time, or 15 minutes after that.三、把下面句子翻译成中文（20分）1. If the guest is a lady, most men in the room will stand up when she comes in.2.On the street, men almost always walk or cross the street on the side of the ladies which is closer to the traffic.3.A man is introduced to a woman, unless he is much older and more senior. As a general rule, younger ones are introduced to elder ones.4.The ladies in the sitting room will not stand up whether the new comer is a man or a woman..5.It is considered bad manners in the West to leave one’s food on the plate.6.In the United States, it is impolite to keep asking someone again and again or press something on him.7.Americans are very direct. If they want something, they will ask for it. If not, they will say, “No, thanks.”8.Americans are taught that “Honesty is the policy.”9.When you go to the United States, you had better “do as the Romans do.”10.In America, public restrooms are located in gasoline stations, airports, and bus and railroad stations, restaurants, libraries, large stores, theaters.四、选择正确的单词填空。
英语欧美文化期末练习题
英语欧美文化期末练习题2006-2007学年第一学期欧美文化期末练习题班级_________ 姓名__________ I.Multiple choices (80%)1.Which of the following works described the war led by Agamemnon againstthe city of Troy?A. OdysseyB. Iliad C Agamemnon D. Trojan Womenth2.In the 20 century, the Irish writer James Joyce?s Ulysses is a parallel to Homer?s epic_______.A. OdysseyB. Iliad C Agamemnon D. Trojan Women 3.Which of the following is not written by Aeschylus?A. Prometheus BoundB. AntigoneC. Persians D Agamenon4.The Austrian psych iatrist Siugmund Freud …s term “the Oedipus complex”was derived from ________?s play Oedipus the King.A. AeschylusB. EuripdesC. SophoclesD. Aristophane5.Among ancient Greek dramatist, ______may be called the first writer of“problem plays”.A. AeschylusB. EuripdesC. SophoclesD. Aristophane6.In which comic play did Aristophanes attack Socrates?A. WaspsB. BirdsC. CloudsD. Frogs7.Who initiated the concept of point, line, surface, bpdy, etc. and was regardedas the founder of scientific mathematics?A. AristotleB. ArchimedesC. PythagorasD. Democritus8.Socrates …s teaching method is well known as the _________.A.dialectic methodB. dialoguesC.Cartesian doubtD. doubting method9.Which is Plato?s belief?A. Men have knowledge because of the existence of certain general“ideas”.B. Men have knowledge because of experience.C. Mind and matter are completely apart from each otherD. The world is matter and acrivity.10.Among the Greek philosophers, who believed that form and matter togethermade up concrete individual realities?A. AristotleB. PlatoC. SocratesD. Epicurus11.Among Greek scientists, who dicovered the principle of the lever and onceclaimed that “Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world.”?A. EuclidB.ArchimedesC. DemocritusD. Pythagoras 12.________ is one of the finest representatives of ancient Greek sculpture.A. Venus de MiloB. Constantine the GreatC. She-wolfD. Moses13. Ancient Roman writer _____ was noted for his oratory and fine writingstyle and had an enormous influence on the development of European prose.A. LucretiusB.CiceroC. CaesarD. Virgil14. ____ is the greatest Latin poet, who wrote the great epic Aeneid.A. LucretiusB.CiceroC. CaesarD. Virgil 15. ______ is the best preserved Roman temple.A. ParthenonB.PantheonC. the ColosseumD. the temple in jerusalem16.________ is a statue which illustrates the legend of creation of Rome.A. Venus de MiloB. Constantine the GreatC. She-wolfD. Moses17. Both Judaism and Christianity originated in ___________. It wasthe_________tradition that gave birth to Christianity.A. Egypt; JewishB. Turkey; IslamicC. Palestine; JewishD. Israel; Islamic18.The Old Testament consists of ___books, while the New Testament consistsof ___books.A. 39; 27B. 27; 39C. 30; 27D. 5; 3419.The first five books of the Old Testament is called_____.A. PentateuchB. GenesisC. DeuteronomyD. Exodus20.According to the Old Testament, when the wandering Hebrew tribesleft thedesert and entered the mountainous Sinai, _______ climbed to the top of themountain to receive from God message, which came to be known as Ten Commandments.A. DavidB. SolomonC. SaulD. Moses 21. By 305 the Roman emperor stopped the persecution of Christians. And in313, ______issued the Edict of Milan and made Christianity.A. ConstantineB. NeroC. DiocletianD. Theodosius.22. In _____, the Roman Emperor Theodosius made Christianity the officialreligion of the empire.A. 305B. 313C. 392D. 47623. At the age of 30, Jesus Cxhrist received the baptism at the hands of _____.A. JosephB. St. PaulC. John BaptistD. St. Peter24. The four accounts of Jesus? birth, teaching, death and resurrection were believed to have been written byA. Matthew , Mark, Luke and JohnB. Paul, Peter, Luke and JohnC. Joseph, Mark, Paul and PeterD. Matthew , Mark, Peter and Joseph25.The most important and influential of English Bible is _________.A. The Great BibleB. the Good News BibleC. the “authorized” or King James’ versionD. the Vulgate 26. The most ancient extant Latin version of the whole Bible is the _____ edition.A. the SeptuagintB. the VulgateC. The Great BibleD. the Good News Bible27. What is the Middle Ages also called for?________________A. “Age of Reason”B. “Age of Art”C. “Age of Faith”D. “Age of science” 28. When did the Western Roman Empire fall and the Middle Ages began?A. In A. D. 476B. In A. D. 27C. In B.C. 27D.In B. C. 47629. To become a knight, a noble began his education as a ____ at 7, then hebecame a ___ to a knight at about 14. If he proved to be a good fighter, hecould be made a knight at the ceremony of dubbing.A. squire, pageB. page, squireC. soldier, pageD. assistant, protector 30. ________, ruler of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Wessex, made Wessex theAnglo-Saxon cultural centre and contributed greatly to the medieval Europeanculture.A. CharlemagneB. CarolusC. Alfred the GreatD. Henry VIII31. _______, the writer of Opus Maius, was one the earliest adovocates of scientific research.A. Francis BaconB. Roger BaconC. Thomas AquinasD. Dante 32._________ is an Anglo-Saxon epic telling about how the hero fightedagainst the monster Grendel and the fire dragon.A. Song of RolandB. BeowulfC. AfricaD. Canzoniers33.__________is the soul of Renaissance.A. New sciencesB. HumanismC. New literatureD. the interest in ancient Greek and Roman art34. _____ is the birthplace of Renaissance.A. EnglandB. ItalyC. SpainD. France35. Of the four major artists in High Renaissance, ___was best known for hisMadonnas.A. da VinciB. MichelangeloC. RaphaelD. Titian.36. ________ established the pictorial tradition in western art by using oil coloron canvas and was ranked the father of the modern mode of painting.A. da VinciB. MichelangeloC. RaphaelD. Titian.37.Da Vinci, _____ and Raphael are the best representatives of highRenaissance in Florence.A. GiottoB. GiorgioneC. MichelangeloD. David38. _________ …s open protest agains t the indulgence in 1517 started theReformation movement in Europe.it challenged the absolute authority of the theChurch and replaced it with the absolute authority of the ______.A. Martin Luther; BibleB. John Calvin; the GodC. Jan Hus; BibleD. John Wycliffe; the God39. Which is John Calvin?s belief?A. Men are redeemed by faith and not by the purchase of indulgences.B. The bible should be translated into vernacular so that the Bible can beaccessible to evbery man.C. All believers are priests and all occupations are holy and thus equal.D. Any form of sinfulness is a likely sign of damnatiom whereas ceaselesswork could be sign of salvation.40. From which of Shakespear?s plays comes the sentence:”To be, or not to be,that is the quest ion.”A. OthelloB. King LearC.MacbethD.Hamlet 41. With the great progess in science, in the___century Europe advanced fromthe Middle ages to the Modern times.A. 15ththththB. 16C. 17D. 1842. “I think therefore I am” is ________?s motto. A. So crates B. Descartes C. Locke D. Kantth43. The major literary form of neoclassicism in france in the 17 century was_________.A. novelB. proseC. dramaD. poetry 44. __________ rejected the traditional deductive method and founded theinductive method.A. John LockeB. Thomas HobbsC. Francis BaconD. John Milton45. ______said:”Knowledge is power.” A. Plato B. LockeC. BaconD. Kant46. There were two leaders in the English revolution,Cromwell was the man ofaction and ___the man of thought.A. John LockeB. Thomas HobbsC. Francis BaconD. John Milton 47. Phaedra is one of the masterpeices of ________________.A. Pierre CorneilleB. Jean RacineC. MoliereD. Lessing 48. The Enlightenment is also called ___________.A. “Age of Reason”B. “Age of Art”thC. “Age of Faith” D. “Age of science”49. The most important forerunners of the Enlightenment were two17Englishmen________.A. Francis Bacon and John MiltonB. John Locke and Isaac NewtonC. Thomas Hobbs and John LockeD. Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes50. In art and literature, what coincided with the Age of Reason wasa periodcalled_________.A. classicismB. neoclassicism c. romanticism D. realism51.Which book discussed the spearation of the legislative, executive and judicalpowers?A. The Spirit of the LawsB. Lettres AnglaiseC. The Origin of Human InequalityD.Rameau’s Nephew52. In Rousseau?s opinion, _____ was the origin of social inequality.A. human natureB. absoute monarchyC. vices in th esocietyD. private property53. Rousseau?s __________ is an important work on education; and hisautobiography __________ foreshadows the trend of Romanticism.A. New Heloise; EmileB.Emile; The ConfessionsC. On Education; Poetry and TruthD. Philosophical Thoughts; Persian Letters54. Who represented the rationalistic neoclassical tendency inEnglish literatureand has often been called the spokesman in verse of the Age of Reaon? One ofhis masterpieces is The Rape of the Lock.A. Samuel JohnsonB. Henry FieldingC. Alexander PopeD. William Blake55. In ______, Swift bitterly criticized theBritish government by suggestingthat the children be fattened and eaten.A. Essay on CriticismB. A Modest Proposal c. Essay on ManD.Gulliver?s Travels 56._________ is often called the founder of English domestic novel, orepistolary novel. One of his masterpieces is Pamela. A. Samuel Johnson B. Henry FieldingC. Walter ScottD. Samuel Richardson57.Goethe? epistolary novel _________played an enormous role in the spreadof Romanticism.A. The Sorrows of Young WertherB. Wilhelm Meister’s ApprenticeshipC. Nathan the WiseD. Poetry and Truth58. _______ , written by Goethe, is the greatest work of German literature.A. The Sorrows of Young WertherB. Wilhelm Meister’s Apprentices hipC. FaustD. Poetry and Truth59. _______ is the key figure of the German philosophy and sometimes calledthe “waterhead of Modern philosophy”.A.Martin lutherB. HegelC. LessingD. Kant 60. Romanticism devoped in the late _____ and early ___centuryies.thththththththth A. 18; 19 B. 17; 18 C. 16; 17 D. 19; 20 61.______________ is not a Lake poet.A. SoutheyB. KeatsC. WordsworthD. Coleridge62 “If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?” is from the ending of _____. A. Ode on a Grecian Urn B. Ode to the West WindC. Don JuanD. Ode to a Nightingale63. Which of the following writers is a female writer and tried hard to proveherself equal to the challenge of a woman?A. Victor HugoB. John KeatsC. George SandD. Mikhail Y. Lemontov64. The preface of the play ________, written by ________ is a veritablemanifesto of French Romanticism in Literature.A. Cromwell; HugoB.Hernati; HugoC. Atala; ChateaubriandD. Rene; Chateaubriand 65. Wordsworth and Colerridge were well known for their collective work,__________, the preface of which marked the beginning of romanticism inEnglish literature.A. Ballads and RomancesB. Lyrical BalladsC. Balladskers67. _______ was generally considered Byron?s masterpiece. A.Cain B. ManfredC. Child e Harold’s PilgrimageD. Don Juan 69. In_________,_________ created the first “superfluous man” in Russian literature.A. Eugene Onegin; PushkinB. A Hero of Our Times; Mikhail Y. LemontovC. The Betrothed; ManzoniD. To Sylvia; Leopardi 70. John Keats, a telented English poet, is best known for his beautiful poems, such as ________.A.To a SkylarkB. To ItalyC. Odes to a NightingaleD. The Lady of the LakeII. Connect the names of the writers to their respective masterpieces20%Chauccer Gargantua and PantagruelFielding Utopia Boccaccio The New Method Petrach Paradise Lost Rabelais Les MiserablesThomas More The Canterbury Tales Hugo Le CidMilton DecameronBacon Don QuixoteCorneille CanzoniersCervantes The History of Tom Jones, a FoundlingWordsworth Divine ComedyDante AeneidSchiller Cabal and LoveMoliere Robinson Crusoe Pushikin FaustVirgil Lyrical BalladsDefoe Eugene Onegin Goethe TartuffeShelley Prometheus UnboundGiotto Mona LisaTitian Sleeping Venus Michalangelo The Sistine Madonna Raphael Flight into Egypt Giorgione DavidDa Vinci Sacred and Profane Love。
欧洲文化题库
欧洲文化题库2. Parthenon in Greece is the place where people worship __B______.a. many godsb. one godc. many goddessesd. many gods and goddesses3．In the early days of Christianity, it was a religion of ____B___.a. the richb. the poorc. the ruling classd. all people4. Which of the following statements about Knighthood is NOT true? Aa. a nobleman was born a knightb. knighthood had to be earnedc. one had to be trained in order to become a knightd. after being dubbed a knight, he had to observe the Code of Chivalry.5. The Inquisition was __A___.a. a church court set up to try hereticsb. an organization for church investigationc. a court in many kingdomsd. the decision-making body of the church6. The Statue of Liberty was a gift from ____B____ to the American people for the 100-yearanniversary of the independence of the U.S.A.a. U.K.b. Francec. Germanyd. Italy7. Counter- Reformation means that the Roman Catholic Church ____C__.a. suppressed the Reformation movement by forceb. refused to accept any reformc. re-established itself as a dynamic force in European affairs by introducing reforms andimprovementsd. ganged up with the Spanish monarchy to set up the Inquisition8. Kepler’s contribution to astronomy is ___C____.a. his discovery of the law of inertiab. his discovery of the Ptolemaic systemc. his discovery of the three laws of planetary motiond. none of the above9. The symbolic event of the French Revolution in 1789 was __C____.a. the issuance of the Declaration of Independenceb. the founding of the First Republicc. the seizure of the Bastilled. the publication of The Spirit of the Laws10. The twelve tables were laws written by ___A___.a. the Romansb. the Greeksc. the Americansd. the French11. In 313 the Edict of Milan was issued by _____B____ and granted religious freedom to all andmade Christianity legal.a. Theodosiusb. Constantine Ic. Caesard. Octavian12. The __C_____ type is the most beautiful column in Greek architecture..a. Ionicb. Doricc. Corinthiand. all of the above13. Which one is the figure in Homer’s Odyssey? Da. Agamemnonb. Hectorc. Achillesd. Penelope14. In the 13th century, many schools____A____.a. were organized into universitiesb. gave way to universitiesc. were state-rund. were government-funded15. The representation form of Greek Democracy is ____C_______.a. constitutional monarchb. representative democracyc. citizen-assembly.d. separation of powers16. The Academy is the first school in the world，it was established by ____B_____.a. Aristotleb. Plato.c. Socratesd. Democritus17. The following works were written by Plato except ___C____.a. Dialoguesb. Apologyc. On the Godd. Republic.18. “Man is the measure of all things.” is the doctrine of ______D____.a. Aristotleb. Plato.c. Socratesd. Protagoras19. The Birth of Jesus was recorded in _____A____.a. Matthewb. Markc. Luked. John20. The Bible contains 66 books: ____A______.a. 39 OT, 27 NT.b. 36 OT, 30 NTc. 30 OT, 36 NTd. 27 OT, 27 NT21. The most important and influential of English Bible is the ____D____ version.a. “Authorized”b. “King James”c. John Wycliff’sd. both a and b22. Dante wrote his masterpiece in ____A___.a. Italianb. Latin.c. Germand. English23. Renaissance started in _____D____ with the flowering of paintings, sculpture andarchitecture.a. Florenceb.Venicec. Miland. both a and b24. The reformation got it‘s victory first in _____B____.a. Franceb. Germanyc. Englandd. Italy25. Romanesque style appeared____A______.a. earlier than Gothic styleb. later than Gothic stylec. higher and lighterd. more mysterious26. __D______ edited the famous Encyclopédie.a. Montesquieub. Voltairec. Rousseaud. Diderot27. The following works were written with the effect of the Bible. Da. Milton’s Paradise Lostb. Bunyan’s Pilgrim‘s Progressc. Byron’s Caind. all of the above28. Cement was invented by the ____B_____.a. Frenchb. Romansc. Greeksd. Germans29. The most important contribution made by the Romans to the European culture was theRoman _____A___.a. lawsb. architecturec. literatured. sculpture30. The famous tourist attraction Bath in England was originally set up by the people from____A____.a. Ancient Romeb. Ancient Greecec. the Great Britaind. Egypt31. The Fall of Man was recorded in___A____，Pentateuch，the Old Testament，The Bible.a. Genesisb. Exodusc. Leviticusd. Numbers32. Christianity originated from__B______.a. Turkeyb. Palestinec. North Africad. the Western Europe33. Monks then by no means____B____.a. gave up material comfortb. marriedc. remain singled. spent much of their time in prayer to God34. After __A_____，the church was divided into the Roman Catholic Church and the EasternOrthodox Church.a.1054b. 1066c. 1215d. 96635. ____B____，who translated into Latin both Old and New Testament from the Hebrew andGreek originals. It became the official Bible of the Roman Catholic Church throughout the world.a. John Wycliffb. St. Jeromec. Martin Lutherd. King James37. By the end of the 16th century，Calvinism had spread to England. As a result，the ___B___Movement was started in England.a. Reformationb. Puritanc. Counter-Reformationd. Progressive38. As a knight，he were pledged to ____D____. These rules were known as code of chivalry，from which the western idea of good manners developed.a. to protect the weakb. to fight for the churchc. to be loyal to his lord and to respect women of noble birthd. all the above39. The theory of the separation of powers was put forward by in his work The Spirit of the Laws.Ba. Lockeb. Montesquieuc. Voltaired. Jefferson40. Guilds in the cities then were____D____.a. religious clubs onlyb. trade associationsc. only controlling everythingd. communities of the craftsmen41. “Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains” This is a remark made by____D_____.A. VoltaireB. DiderotC. MontesquieuD. Rousseau42. “Carolingian Renaissance”, as the first of the three medieval renaissances, occurred mostly during the reign of the Carolingian ruler ___C______.A. JustinianB. Elisabeth IC. CharlemagneD.Charles Martel43. After defeating the Trojan people, Odysseus was on his way back to get together with his wife_____D__.A. HellenB. IthacaC. ElectraD. Penelope44. Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian are BA. CitizensB. ColumnsC. City-StatesD. Roads45. Machiavelli was called __B______ in the West.A.Father of historyB. Father of political scienceC. Father of humanismD. Father of democracy46. In Locke’s political philosophy, the chief reason for the institution of civil government was ___A______.A. the protection of private propertyB. the upholding of free thinkingC. the abolishment of the rule of the churchD. regulation of economy47. The Praise of Folly, a literary work in which a lady named Folly criticized the fallacies and hypocrisy of human being, was written by ____D___.A. ShakespeareB. CervantesC. ChaucerD. Erasmus49. The Catholic Church should be characterized as ___B______.A. A loosely organized religious institutionB. A highly centralized and disciplined international organizationC. A loosely organized European institutionD. A highly disciplined western organization50. In which of the following books is the theory of the separation of powers proposed and illustrated? DA.The Social ContractB. Essay on CriticismC. The Justinian CodeD. The Spirit of Laws51. The long period of peace in history known as Pax Romana began from the reign of ________ to that of ___D_____.A.Julius Caesar,... Theodosius IB. Julius Caesar,...Marcus AureliusC. Augustus,...DiocletianD. Augustus, ...Marcus Aurelius52. The Middle Ages is also called the ____A___.A. Age of FaithB. Age of ReasonC. Age of Renaissance C. Age of Byzantine Empire53. Hammurabi’s Code, the Ten Commandments, and the Twelve Tables were all significant to their societies because they established ___C____.A.democratic governmentsB. official religionsC. rules of behaviorD. economic systems54. Which of the following laws was discovered by Newton? Dw of inertiaB. Law of falling bodiesC. Law of relativityD. Law of universal gravitation55. The Latin Vulgate, translated by___C_____ in common people’s language, became the official Bible of the Roman Catholic church throughout the world.A. John WycliffB. Jan HusC. St. JeromeD. Mattin Luther56. Example of ancient architecture using columns that still exists in Greece today BA. ColosseumB. ParthenonC. Pont du GardD. Panthenon57. The most important and influential English Bible is the ___A_____ version.A. “King James”B. John Wycliff’sC. William Tyndale’sD. Miles Converdale’s58. In 313, ____B_____ issued the Edict of Milan and granted Romans religious freedom, thus making Christianity legal.A. DiocletianB. Constantine IC. TheodosiusD. Octavius59. These people staged battles that were fought in the Roman Colosseum for an audience of thousands. DA. actorsB. senatorsC. philosophersD. gladiators60. According to Exodus, Moses and his Hebrews followers took a journey from Egypt to the Promised Land which lasted ____C__.A.Ten yearsB. Forty daysC. Forty yearsD. Twenty years61. The story of Noah’s Ark was recorded in___D____，Pentateuch，the Old Testament，The Bible.A.ExodusB. LeviticusC. NumbersD. Genesis62. According to the Old Testament, God promised Abraham and his son Jacob the land of Canaan, and suggested that Jacob change his name into Israel, which means______C____.A. GraspingB. HairyC. Wrestling with GodD. Father of many nations63. Which ancient civilization is associated with the Twelve Tables, an extensive road system, and the poets Horace and Virgil? DA.BabylonianB. PhoenicianC. GreekD. Roman64. Who were considered as citizens by the ancient Athens? CA. womenB. slavesC. adult free malesD. foreigners and children65. The Age of Enlightenment is also called the ____B______。
欧洲文化试题1(1-3章)
第一章希腊罗马文化第一节希腊文化Greek Cultur1. Which culture reache e d a high point of development in the 5th century B.C.?A.Greek CultureB.Roman CultureC.Egyptian CultureD.Chinese Culture2. In( )the Romans conquered Greece.A.1200B.C. B.700B.C.C.146B.C.D.the 5th century3. Which of the following works described the war led by Agamemnon against the city of Troy?A.Oedipus the kingB.IliadC.OdysseyD.Antigone4. Which of the following is NOT the greatest tragic dramatist of ancient Greece?A.AristophanesB.EuripidesC.SophoclesD.Aeschylus5. Which of the following is NOT the play written by Aeschylus?A.AntigoneB.AgamemnonC.PersiansD.Prometheus Bound6. Which of the following is NOT the play written by Sophocles?A.ElectraB.AntigoneC.Trojan WomanD.Oedipus the king7. Which of the following is the play written by Euripides?A.AntigoneB.PersiansC.ElectraD.Medea8. Who was the founder of scientific mathematics?A.HeracleitusB.AristotleC.SocratesD.Pythagoras9. Who ever said that "You can not step twice into the same river."?A.PythagorasB.HeracleitusC.DemocritusD.Aristotle10. ( )believed that the highest good in life was pleasure, freedom from pain and emotional upheaval.A.SophistsB.CynicsC.SkepticsD.Epicureans11. ( )is said to have told the king :"Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world."A.ArchimedesB.AristotleC.PlatoD.Euclid第二节罗马文化Roman Culture1. Who wrote "Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive."?A.SapphoB.PlatoC.VirgilD.Horace2. Increasingly troubled by the inroads of northern tribes such as Goths, the West Roman Empire finally collapsed in( ) A.D..A.395B.27C.1453D.4763. Who wrote "I came ,I saw,Iconquered"?A.HoraceB.Julius CaesarC.VirgilD.Marcus Tullius Cicero4. The author of the philosophical poem On the Nature of Things is( )A.VirgilB.Julius CaesarC.HoraceD.Lucretius5. Which of the following is not Roman architecture?A.The ColosseumB.The PanthenonC.The ParthenonD.Pont du GardTrue or False1. Greek cuiture reached a high point of development in the 6th centurg B.C2. the lliad deals with the alliance of the states of the southern mainlang of Greece,led by Agamemnon in their war against the city of Troy.3. sappho,was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece.4. Herodotus is offen called ;Father of History’ and he wrote about the wars between Greeks and Romans.5. The greatest names in European philosophy are Socrates,piato and Aristotle ,who were active in the 5th and4th century B.C6. Socrates ever said ,;you cannot step twice into the same river’7. Archimedes is ever now well-now for his Elements ,a testbook of geometry.-第二章《圣经》与基督教1. Which of the following is by far the most influential in the West?A.BuddismB.IslamismC.ChristianityD.Judaism2. The Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are the first five books, called( )A.ExodusmandmentsC. AmosD.Pentateuch3. At the age of 30, Jesus Christ received the baptism at the hands of _____.A.St.PeterB.St.PaulC.John BaptistD.John Wycliff4. Which of the following emperors issued the Edict of Milan and made Christianity legal in 313? ____.A.Augustus IB.Thedosius IC.Nero ID.Constantine I5. Which of the following emperors made Christianity the official religion of the empire and outlawed all other religions in 392 A.D.?A.TheodosiusB.AugustusC.Constantine ID. Nero Caesar6. By 1963, the whole of the Bible had been translated in _____languages.A.288B.974C.1202D.1547. When printing was invented in the 1500’s, the ____Bible was the first complete work printed.A.EnglishtinC.AramaicD.Hebrew8. When did the standard American edition of the Revised V ersion appear? ____A.1885B.1611C.1901D.1979第三章中世纪第一节庄园与教堂1. In the latter part of the 4th century, which of the following tribles swept into Europe from central Asia, robbing and killing large numbers of the half civilized Germanic tribes? ____A.the MongoliansB.the HunsC.the TurkishD.the Syrians2. The Middle Ages id also called the ____.A. "Age of Christianity"B. "Age of Literature"C. "Age of Holy Spirit"D. "Age of Faith"3. In 732, who gave his soldiers estates known as fiefs as a reward for their service? ___A.Charles Martel, a Frankish rulerB. Charles I, a Turkish rulerC. Constantine I, a Frankish rulerD. St.Benedict, an Italian ruler4. According to the code of chivalry, which of the following is not pledged to do for a knight? _____A.to be loyal to his lordB. B.to fight for the churchC. to obey without question the orders of the abbotD. to respect women of noble birth5. When was the Church divided into the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church? _____A.after 1066B. after 1296C. after 1054D. after 4766. Under feudalism, what were the three classes of people of western Europe? ____A.clergy, knights and serfsB. Pope, bishop and peasantsC.clergy, lords and peasantsD. knights, nobles and serfs7. By which year the Moslems had taken over the last Christian stronghold and won the crusaders and ruled all the territory in Palestine that crusaders had fought to control? _____A.1270B.1254C.1096D.1291第二节学术、科学、文学艺术与建筑8. Which of the following was crowned "Emperor of the Romans” by the Pope in 800? ____A. St.Thomas AquinasB. CharlemagneC. ConstantineD. King James9. Who was the ruler of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex and contributed greatly to the medieval European culture? ____A.Charles IB. Constantine IC. Alfred the GreatD. Charles the Great10. Which country’s epic does Song of Roland belong to? ____A.EnglishB. GermanicC. HebrewD.French。
欧洲文化考试大题题目及答案13年
考试题型：Part I Multiple Choice (30 points)Part II Match the items (20 points)Part III Explaining ((15 points, 3 items)50 words1)Oedipus the King 俄狄浦斯王Oedipus the King is an Athenian tragedy by Sophocles. It was first performed in 429 BCE. It says the story of Oedipus, a man who becomes the king of Thebes. And Oedipus was doomed to murder his father Laius and marry his mother Jocasta when he was born. The play is an example of a classic tragedy.2)Ten CommandmentsTen Commandments, also known as the Decalogue, are a set of biblical principles relating to ethics and worship. They play a fundamental role in Judaism, Islam and Christianity. They include instructions to worship only God and to keep the Sabbath （守安息日）, and bans against idolatry, blasphemy, murder, theft, dishonesty, and adultery. Different groups follow slightly different traditions for them.3)Magna Carter(the Great Charter)King John’s rule caused much dissatisfaction among the barons男爵. In 1215, he was forced to sign a document, known as Magna Carter, or the Great Charter. It has 63 clauses. Though it has long been regarded as the foundation of English liberties, its spirit was the limitation of the king’s powers, keeping them within the bounds of the feudal law of the land.4)CrusadesIn 1071, Palestine巴勒斯坦国fell to the armies of the Turkish Moslems. The Turkish Moslem穆斯林attacked the Christian pilgrims朝圣者, killed them and sold them as slaves. This resulted in a series of holy wars圣战called crusades十字军东征.The crusades went on about 200 years(1096—1291). All the soldiers wore a red cross asa symbol of obedience to god. By 1291, the Moslem won the crusades.5)Bill of rights人权法案In 1789, James Madison詹姆斯·麦迪逊（美国前总统）introduced in the House of Representatives a series of amendments which later were drafted into twelve proposed amendments and sent to the states for ratification批准. Ten of them were ratified in 1791 and the first ten amendments to the constitution宪法修正案were called the Bills of Rights because they were to insure individual liberties.6)The ReformationThe Reformation was a 16th century religious movement as well as a socio-political movement. It began as Martin Luther posted his 95 thesis on the door of the castle church at the University of Wittenberg. This movement which swept over the whole of Europe was aimed at opposing the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic Church天主教堂and replacing it with the absolute authority of the Bible. The Bible from then on are translated the into different mother tongues.Part IV Short-answer Questions (20 points, 2 questions)80 words,1). Outline the main differences in the constitutions of Sparta and Athens Sparta: absolute obedience to the state1. oldest constitution, never changed.2. based on military军事的 principle.3. ruled by council理事会of elderly men, five magistrates,地方法官two hereditary kings世袭的国王;4. totalitarian极权主义者, boys and young men separate from families until thirty.5. vote only given to suitable men.6. class based society-helots or slaves terrorized奴隶恐吓, no coinage货币, no Spartan 斯巴达人 engaged in trade, farm, all arts forbidden.Athens: freedom and voluntary participation自愿参与 in the state1. constitution developed over 300 years through aristocracy贵族统治,oligarchy寡头政治, tyranny暴政, to full democracy民主政治 by mid-5th century2. underlying潜在的 belief in personal freedom3. all males had vote4. assembly of citizens 大会made decisions5. public offices, including juries陪审团, decided by lot.6. generals appointed 将军任命7. ostracism放逐to banish a person for ten years2). In what important ways was Aristotle different from Plato?(1) Aristotle emphasized direct observation of nature and insisted that theory should follow fact. Different from Aristotle, Plato relied on subjective thinking.(2) He thought that “idea” and matter together made concrete individual realities in which he differed from Plato who held that ideas had higher reality than the political world. His significant works includes: Ethics伦理学, Politics政治学 and Rhetoric修辞.(3)Their goals are vastly different. Plato uses his argument to refute those who would argue that injustice is beneficial and to set up his model city. Aristotle, on the other hand, uses his argument to directly set up a method for achieving the final good.3). Give a summary of Roman law and its influenceRoman law is the legal system of ancient Rome. The emperor Justinian I ordered to establish this law. And the legal developments lasted for more than a thousand years. It was created from the Twelve Tables (c. 439 BC) to the Corpus Juris Civilis (AD 529)The historical importance of Roman law is that it continued using Latin as legal terminology in legal systems. Roman law had a considerable influence on the development of later legal systems, particularly in Europe. Originally, it was the common law, that is, unwritten law, in the Roman Empire.4). Please summarize John Lock’s major ideas about the mind and government.His major ideal about the mind is that we enter the world with no preformed ideals. Information from the sensations (taste, touch, smell, hearing and vision) fills the mind, and from these perceptions humans eventually learn language,a sense of order and from rationality合理性.His major ideal about the government is that government and authority lay in the community not in an individual. Like Hobbes霍布斯, he rejected divine right, but, unlike Hobbes, he believed that all humans beings were equal. Authority is there to protect human equality, freedom, and property.Part V Report (15 points)1). What are the major contributions of Ancient Greeks?Ancient Greece was the source of Western history, lasted about 650 years (800 BC -146 BC).And especially after the Persian War, highly prosperous繁荣的economic life results in the splendid Greek culture. And it has a deep effect on future generations. The ancient Greeks owned deep knowledge of philosophy, history, architecture, literature, theater, sculpture雕塑, and many. The heritage传统of civilization leaved after the ancient Romans died out and becomes the spiritual source of the whole Western civilization. There are many philosophers: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Thales, Cicero and so on. The biggest contribution should be the impact of the political system. Ancient Greece is the birthplace of democracy民主主义. The beginning of the 5th century BC, the economic and political contradiction between the Greek and Persian波斯人causes Persian War. The Greeks won a great victory. Athens became chief. Thereafter, it’s economy and politics grows prosperous繁荣的. It also ushered开辟in the golden age of ancient Greek literature.2).What is Renaissance? Please introduce the background, the major theme and some influential thinkers, writers or artists at that time.Renaissance is a humanistic revival of classical art, architecture, literature, and learning that originated in Italy in the 14th century .And it later spread throughout Europe. The period of this revival is roughly from the 14th to the 16th century, marking the transition from the middle ages to modern times.The background of Renaissance is that Capitalism sprouts and it requests its own ideology and culture. What’s more,the theology of church imprisons people's thoughts.The major theme of Renaissance is Humanism. People argued that man should be given full freedom to enrich their emotional life. In religion they demanded the reformation of the church. In art and literature, instead of singing praise to God, they sang in praise of man and of the pursuit of happiness in this life.The influential people are Dante, Petrarch, Giovanni Boccaccio, Leonardo Da Vinci,Raphael Cenci, Michelangelo Bo that Rorty and so on.。
西方文化期末考试题库(就考上面的了)
Question:1.What are the two major cultural influences over the European mind?Multiple-choices1. What integrated the Celtic, Germanic and Slavic cultures with the Roman culture into Western culture?A. The acceptance of Christianity.B. Greece under Alexander.C. Latin language.D. The fall of Greece2. Which of the following classical styles is built with a spiral scroll-like capital?A. the Doric columnB. the Ionic columnC. the Corinthian columnD. the Tuscan column3. Which of the following capitals is not of Greek style?A. the Doric columnB. the Ionic columnC. the Corinthian columnD. the Tuscan column4. A _____ knot can be referred to as an endless or mystical knot, reminding us of the endless nature, an uninterrupted life cycle.A. CelticB. GreekC. GermanicD. Slavic5. Which of the following countries is often known as “the Cradle of Western Civilization”?A. IsraelB. GreekC. ItalyD. Egypt6. _____ was abducted by Zeus in bull form and taken to the island of Crete, where she gave birth to Minos.A. AlcmeneB. DanaëC. EuropaD. IoTrue or false1. Victoria is known as the ancient Greek goddess of victory. T2. Japan, as a developed country, is includ ed in “the West”. T3. The first Greek civilization arose from the old city of Mycenae. FQuestion:1.What are the two major cultural influences over the European mind?Multiple-choices1. What integrated the Celtic, Germanic and Slavic cultures with the Roman culture into Western culture?A. The acceptance of Christianity.B. Greece under Alexander.C. Latin language.D. The fall of Greece2. Which of the following classical styles is built with a spiral scroll-like capital?A. the Doric columnB. the Ionic columnC. the Corinthian columnD. the Tuscan column3. Which of the following capitals is not of Greek style?A. the Doric columnB. the Ionic columnC. the Corinthian columnD. the Tuscan column4. A _____ knot can be referred to as an endless or mystical knot, reminding us of the endless nature, an uninterrupted life cycle.A. CelticB. GreekC. GermanicD. Slavic5. Which of the following countries is often known as “the Cradle of Western Civilization”?A. IsraelB. GreekC. ItalyD. Egypt6. _____ was abducted by Zeus in bull form and taken to the island of Crete, where she gave birth to Minos.A. AlcmeneB. DanaëC. EuropaD. IoTrue or false1. Victoria is known as the ancient Greek goddess of victory. T2. Japan, as a developed country, is included in “the West”. T3. The first Greek civilization arose from the old city of Mycenae. FMultiple-choices1. Which of the following was written by Virgil, a Roman poet?A. UlyssesB. The AeneidC. AntigoneD. Andromache2. What country looks like a boot at the map?A. BritainB. ItalyC. NorwayD. Egypt3. What river was believed to be the river into which Romulus and Remus were thrown as infants?A. Tiber.B. Danube.C. Nile.D. Euphrates4. Which of the following is a Roman goddess?A. MithraB. IsisC. AthenaD. Minerva5. Most of the English letters in the alphabet came from ______.A. GermanicB. Indo-EuropeanC. LatinD. Semitic6. Which of the following does not belong to the Indo-European language family?A. GermanicB. HebrewC. BalticD. Slavic7. Which of the following Latin mottos means the principle of reciprocity?A. Domine, dirige nosB. Lux et VeritasC. do ut desD. Hinc lucem et pocula sacra.8. The Romans admired the ______ art and had a tradition of imitating it.A. GreekB. GaulC. EgyptianD. Babylonian9. Who wrote “I came, I saw, I conquered.”A. Alexander the GreatB. AugustusC. DariusD. Julius Caesar10. Roman conquered Greece in the year of ______.A. 323BCB. 146BCC. 42BCD. 30BC11. Who of the following doesn’t belong to the first triumvirate?A. AntonyB. CrassusC. Julius CaesarD. Pompeii12. In 392 A.D., ______, the Roman Emperor, made Christianity the official religion of the empire and outlawed all the other religions.A. Constantine IB. Theodosius IC. NeroD. TrajanTrue or false1. Tianjin University was founded in the year of MDCCCXCIV.2. The Roman writer Horace once said, “Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive.”3. Remus was known as the first king of the town which he named Rome, after himself.4. Pax Romana, which means “Roman peace”, was the long period of relative peace and minimal expansion by military force established by Julius Caesar.5. In 395, the Roman Empire was divided into the Western and the Eastern.6. In 1453, the Western Roman Empire ended with Romulus.MatchNeptune CronusPlato AresUranus HermesSaturn PoseidonJupiter HadesMars ZeusMercury OuranosMultiple-choices1. Vulgate is the ______ version of the Bible.A. LatinB. HebrewC. GreekD. Germanic2. History goes on ______ generations from David to Christ.A.14B. 28C. 42D. 563. The Arabic for ______ is IbrahimA. AbrahamB. IsraeliteC. HajD. Isaac4. Whose name was derived from the Egyptian by a daughter of Pharaoh?A. Jacob’s.B. Moses’.C. Aaron’s.D. Joseph’s5. By 1693, the whole of the Bible had been translated into about ______ languages.A. 100B. 200C. 300D. 4006. Who of the Roman Empire made Christianity legal?A. AvignonB. Benedict XVIC. Theodosius ID. Constantine I7. According to the Old Testament, Ruth was the great grandmother of ______.A. SaulB. DavidC. SolomonD. Christ8. The name “Israel” first appears in the Hebrew Bible as the name given by God to ______.A. AbrahamB. IsaacC. JacobD. DavidTrue or false1. Megan David/Star of David is in the shape of a Pentagram.2. Jacob’s 12 sons were the ancestors of the 12 tribes of Israel.3. The Old Testament was written in Greek.4. Scholars usually refer to the first five books of the Hebrew Bible as the Pentateuch.5. Moses led his people finally back into Canaan.6. After forty days of rain, Noah released a dove to see whether the water had subsided.7. Hanging Garden of Babylon was built in the Neo-Babylonian dynasty.8. Jesus Christ was born in Nazareth.9. Jesus was baptized by John the Baptist at the age of 30.MatchRussian orthodox crossChi RhoGreek crossPapal crossCeltic crossLatin crossMultiple-choices1. What characteristics did the medieval period show?A. Roman controlB. Viking powerC. feudal organizationD. direct democracy2. An instance that the Western Europeans changed one of their old ideas is that _________.A. they changed their starsB. they drank teaC. they favored Arabic numeralsD. they established universities3. Today the boundary between Islam and western Christianity was formerly shaped by _______.A. Sigurd I of NorwayB. Byzantine EmpireC. the CrusadersD. Attila the Hun4. Charlemagne’s cultural revival is sometimes referred to as __________.A. the Carolingian RenaissanceB. the Wandering of the PeoplesC. the Liberation of Jerusalem from Muslim controlD. the return of Latin popularity5. Who assembled the biggest army in the history of the Crusades?A. Andrew II of HungaryB. Louis I of HungaryC. Alexios I Komnenos.D. Pope Urban II6. When was the first Crusade preached by Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont?A. In 1071B. In 1095C. In 1099D. In 10667. By the end of the Middle Ages, the Christian Crusaders had captured all the Islamic territories in modern Spain, Portugal, and _________.A. Southern ItalyB. Northern AfricaC. Near EastD. Far East8. What Kingdom made one of the earliest known coats of arms?A. Kingdom of JerusalemB. Kingdom of the FranksC. Kingdom of NaplesD. Kingdom of Lombardy9. Which did not belong to the three classes of Europe under feudalism?A. clergyB. peasantsC. lordsD. knights10. Which of the following does not belong to the seven liberal arts?A. GeometryB. GrammarC. AstronomyD. ArtsTrue or false1. Cambridge is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. F2. The poet who wrote The Divine Comedy was graduated from University of Bologna. T3. At the age of 18, a qualified squire can be knighted. F4. The Carolingian empire was broken into three parts by his three sons. F5. Virgil showed Dante around in the Hell based on The Divine Comedy.T6. The tassel is moved from right to left after a graduate is grante d the bachelor’s degree. T7. All villeins, knights and barons provided money and services to the king when demanded. F8. Knights were pledge to respect women of any birth. FMatch the item on the left column with the one relevant on the right column.1. Copernicus A. France2. Beowulf B. Anglo-Saxon3. The Song of Roland C. Scientific research4. Roger Bacon D. Solar system1. D2. B3. A4. C。
欧洲文化英语试题及答案
欧洲文化英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 欧洲文艺复兴运动开始于哪个国家？A. 法国B. 意大利C. 英国D. 德国答案：B2. 以下哪位作曲家不是古典音乐时期的代表人物？A. 贝多芬B. 莫扎特C. 巴赫D. 瓦格纳答案：D3. 欧洲联盟的总部设在哪个国家？A. 法国B. 比利时C. 荷兰D. 德国答案：B4. 欧洲最大的河流是？A. 多瑙河B. 莱茵河C. 伏尔加河D. 泰晤士河5. 以下哪个节日不是欧洲传统节日？A. 圣诞节B. 复活节C. 万圣节D. 春节答案：D6. 欧洲最高的山峰是？A. 阿尔卑斯山B. 勃朗峰C. 珠穆朗玛峰D. 乞力马扎罗山答案：B7. 以下哪个国家不是申根区成员国？A. 法国B. 德国C. 英国D. 意大利答案：C8. 欧洲哪个城市被誉为“音乐之都”？A. 维也纳B. 柏林C. 巴黎D. 伦敦答案：A9. 欧洲的官方货币是什么？B. 欧元C. 英镑D. 瑞士法郎答案：B10. 以下哪位作家不是诺贝尔文学奖得主？A. 加西亚·马尔克斯B. 阿尔贝·加缪C. 弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫D. 米兰·昆德拉答案：D二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 欧洲的四大文化中心包括罗马、雅典、______和君士坦丁堡。
答案：亚历山大2. 欧洲最大的经济体是______。
答案：德国3. 欧洲的官方语言之一是______。
答案：英语4. 欧洲最长的河流是______河。
答案：伏尔加5. 欧洲的宗教主要分为基督教、伊斯兰教和______。
答案：犹太教6. 欧洲联盟的旗帜上有______颗金星。
答案：127. 欧洲的______是世界著名的旅游胜地。
答案：威尼斯8. 欧洲的______是世界著名的艺术博物馆。
答案：卢浮宫9. 欧洲的______是世界著名的音乐厅。
答案：维也纳国家歌剧院10. 欧洲的______是世界著名的电影节。
答案：戛纳三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）1. 简述欧洲文化的特点。
欧洲文化常识测试英语题型
《欧洲文化入门》复习题（一）Division One: Greek Culture and Roman Culture Greek Culture I.填空these elements of these elements are two of to be be considered to are considered elements, two culture is many elements, 1.European is made European culture of many up of made up more enduring and they are the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element. th century. 2.Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B. C., all Greece was brought under the rule of Alexander, 3.In the second half of the 4king of Macedon. 4.In 146 B. C. the Romans conquered Greece. th century. 5.Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5become the world’s foremost amateur sports sports have become foremost amateur the world’s Revived in 6.Revived in 18961896, , the Olympic Games the Olympic Games have competition. 7.Ancient Greeks considered Homer to be the author of their epics. southern mainland the southern mainland of Greece, led of the led by of Greece, by with the deals with 8.The Iliad deals the alliance alliance of the states of the states of Agamemnon in their war against the city of Troy. war to Trojan war the Trojan to his his home, island of home, island of after the deals with 9.The Odyssey deals with the the return of Odysseus return of Odysseus after Ithaca. 10.Of the many lyric poets of ancient Greece, two are still admired by readers today: Sappho and Pindar. 11.Sappho was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece. 12.Pindar is best known for his odes celebrating the victories at the athletic games, such as the 14 Olympic odes. 13.The three great tragic dramatists of ancient Greece are Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. Prometheus Bound, Persians and Agamemnon. 14.Aeschylus wrote such plays as Antigone. Oedipus the King, , Electra, and A ntigone15.Sophocles wrote such tragic plays as such plays plays as and Trojan in such as Andromache, Medea, , and mainly about 16.Euripides Euripides wrote wrote mainly women in about women W omen. th century B. C.. Its best writer was Aristophanes, who has edy also flourished in the 5left eleven plays, including Frogs, Clouds, Wasps and Birds. tween Greeks and 18.Herodotus is often called ―Father of Historyǁ. He wrote about the wars bePersians. 19.Thucydides described the war between Athens and Sparta and between Athens and Syracuse, a Greek state on the Island of Sicily. 20.Pythagoras was a bold thinker who had the idea that all things were numbers. 21.Pythagoras was the founder of scientific mathematics. 22.Heracleitue believed fire to the primary element of the universe, out of which everything else had arisen. 23.The greatest names in European philosophy are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. 24.Democritus was one of the earliest philosophical materialists and speculated about the atomic structure of matter. 25.In the 4th century B. C., four schools of philosophers often argued with each other, they are the Cynics, the Sceptics, the Epicureans, and the Stoics. Elements, a textbook of geometry. 26.Euclid is well-known for his 27.To illustrate the principle of the level, Archimedes is said to have told the king: ―Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world.ǁ28.Greek architecture can be grouped into three styles: the Doric style which is also called the masculine style; the Ionic style which is also called the feminine style; and a later style that is called the Corinthian style. 29.The Acropolis at Athens and the Parthenon are the finest monument of Greek architecture and sculpture in more than 2000 years. 30.In the 2020th century, In the Irishman James James Joyce’s modernist Joyce’s modernist the Irishman are Homeric century, there there are Homeric parallels parallels in in the masterpiece Ulysses. II.选择th century B. C.? 1.Which culture reached a high point of development in the 5A.Greek Culture B.Roman Culture C.Egyptian Culture D.Chinese Culture 2.In ___________ the Roman conquered Greece. A.1200 B. C. B.700 B. C. C.146 B. C. D.The 5th century 3.Which of the following works described the war led by Agamemnon against the city of Troy? A.Oedipus the King B.Iliad C.Odyssey D.Antigone 4.Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Aeschylus? A.Antigone B.Agamemnon C.Persians D.Prometheus Bound 5.Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Sophocles? A.Electra B.Antigone C.Trojan Woman D.Oedipus the King 6.Which of the following is the play written by Euripides? A.Antigone B.PersiansC.ElectraD.Medea7.Which of the following is NOT the greatest tragic dramatist of ancient Greece? A.Aristophanes B.Euripides C.Sophocles D.Aeschylus 8.Who ever said that ―You can not step twice into the same riverǁ?A.Pythagoras B.Heracleitus C.Aristotle 9.Who was the founder of scientific mathematics? A.Heracleitus B.Aristotle C.Socrates D.Pythagoras the measure of all thingsǁ?10.Who is chiefly noted for his doctrine that ―man isA.Protagoras B.Pythagoras C.Pyrrhon D.Epicurus III.名词解释1.Aeschylus 2.Plato 3.The Cynics IV.简答与问答1.What are the major elements in European culture? 2.What were the main features of ancient Greek society? 3.Who were the outstanding dramatists of ancient Greece? What important plays did each of them write? lato’s ideas. Why do people call him an idealist?4.Tell some of P l ato’s ideas. Why do people call him an idealist?5.Give some examples to show the enormous influence of Greek culture on English literature. Roman Culture I. 填空conquest of C. marked marked Roman of Greece, Greece, which then was then which was Roman conquest burning of The burning 1.The of Corinth Corinth in 146 B. in 146 B. C. reduced to a province of the Roman Empire. 2.The Roman writer Horace said: ―Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captiveǁ.3.In 27 B. C. Octavius took supreme power as emperor with the title of Augustus. lasting two peace lasting two hundred years, a a remarkable remarkable of peace hundred years, 4.The period of The Romans Romans enjoyed long period enjoyed a a long phenomenon in history known as the Pax Romana. the 44th century, 5.In In the from Rome Rome to to Byzantium, Byzantium, capital from emperor Constantine the capital the emperor century, the Constantine moved moved the renamed it Constantinople ( modern Istanbul ). 6.In 476 the last emperor of the west was deposed by the Coths and marked the end of the West Roman Empire. 7.The East Roman Empire collapsed when Constantinople fell to the Turks in 1453. 8.Julius Caesar recorded what he did and saw in the various military campaigns he took part in and these writings, collected in his Commentaries, are models of succinct Latin. Aeneid. 9.Virgil was the greatest of Latin poets and wrote the great epic, the 10.The Pantheon is the greatest and the best preserved Roman temple, which was built in 27 B. C. And reconstructed in the 2th century A. D.. 11.She-wolf is the statue which illustrates the legend of creation of Roman. II.选择1.Who wrote, ―I came, I saw, I conqueredǁ?A.Horace B.Julius Caesar C.Virgil D.Marcus Tullius Cicero On the Nature of things is ___________. 2.The author of the philosophical poem A.Virgil B.Julius Caesar C.Horace D.Lucretius 3.Which of the following is not Roman architecture? A.The Colosseum B.The Panthenon C.The Parthenon D.Pont du Gard 4.Who wrote, ―Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captiveǁ?A.Sappho B.Plato C.Virgil D.Horace III.名词解释1.Julius Caesar 2.The Pax Romana IV.简答与问答the Greeks? And what what was with the Greeks? And common with the chief difference was the chief What did have in common did the 1.What Romans have in the Romans between them? 2.What is the book for which Virgil has been famous throughout the centuries? In what way is the book linked with the Greek past? 3.Why do we say Aeneas is a truly tragic hero? Division Two: The Bible and Christianity The Old Testament Ⅰ填空题is by worship, Christianity by far Christianity is to worship, most the most far the all the the religions Among all 1.Among seek to religions by people seek which people by which influential in the West. 2. Both Judaism and Christianity originated in Palestine the hub of migration and trade routes, which led to exchange of ideas over wide areas. 3. Some 3800 years ago the ancestors of the Jews – the Hebrews – wandered through the deserts of the Middle East. 4. About 1300 B.C., the Hebrews came to settle in Palestine, known as Canaan at that time, and formed small kingdoms. 5. The king of the Hebrews was handed down orally from one generation to another in the form of folktales and stories, which were recorded later in the Old Testament . . 6. The Bible is a collection of religious writings comprising two parts: the Old Testament and the and the New Testament. 7. The old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are first five books, called Pentateuch. 8. When the Hebrews left the desert and entered the mountainous Sinai, Moses climbed to the top top of of the the mountain mountain to to receive receive from from God God message, message, which which came came to to be be known known as as the the Ten Ten Commandments. 9. Chronologically Amos is the earliest prophet in the Old Testament. 10. In Babylon in the 6th century B.C., the Hebrews, now known as Jews, formed synagogues to practise their religion. II 选择题1. Which of the following is by far the most influential in the West?_______ A. Buddism B. Islamism C. Christianity D. Judaism 2. The Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are the first five books, called __________. A. Exodus B. Commandments C. Amos D. Pentaeuch3. Which of the following is NOT the content of the Ten Commandments?_______ A. Honour your father and your mother B. Do not commit suicide C. Do not desire your neighbour’s wifeD. Do not take the name of God in vain 4. When in Babylon the Hebrews formed synagogues to practise their religion? ______ A. in 169 B.C. B. in the 4th century C. in 76 B.C. D. in the 6th centuryⅢ 名词解释1. the Bible 2. the Pentateuch 3. Ten Commandments Ⅳ 简答与问答1. What was the Hebrews major contribution to world civilization? 2. Why do we say Judaism and Christianity are closely related? 3. What are the Ten Commandments about? Rise of Christianity Ⅰ填空题1.At the age of 30, Jesus received the baptism at the hands of John Baptist. 2.Jesus spent most of his life in Galilee, where he apparently made a sensation. 3.Jesus of Nazareth lived in Palestine during the reign of the first Roman Emperor Augustus. 4.Jesus went with his disciples to Jerusalem for the Passover, but was betrayed by Juda. 5.In 313 the Edict of Milan was issued by Constantine I and granted religious freedom to all and made Christianity legal. 6.In 392 A.D, Emperor Theodosius made Christianity the official religions of the empire and outlawed all other religions. of Jesus disciples of the disciples Jesus to to spread in the gospel in spread gospel led the the Jesus died, After Jesus 7.After died, St. St. Peter St. Paul and St. Peter and Paul led Mediterranean regions. Ⅱ选择题1.After the _______ century Nestorianism reached China. A. sixth B. fifth C. second D. third the official religion of official religion empire and and the empire of the emperors made Which of 2.Which of the the following made Christianity following emperors Christianity the outlawed all other religions? __________ A. Theodosius B. Augustus C. Constantine I D. Nero Caesar 3.Which of the following emperors issued the Edict of Milan and made Christianity legal in 313? __________ A. Augustus B. Thedosius C. Nero D. Constantine I4.At the age of 30, Jesus Christ received the baptism at the hands of _________. A. St. Peter B. St. Paul C. John Baptist D. John Wycliff Ⅲ名词解释1.The Edict of Milan Ⅳ简答与问答1.How did the relations between Christians and the Roman government change? The New Testament Ⅰ填空题1.By 300 A.D. each local church was called a parish and had a full time leader known as priest. accepted as as part accounts were of the New the New four accounts part of were accepted the end Towards the century four end of 2.Towards fourth century he fourth of he Testament, which tells the beginning of Christianity. before they they came Joseph, before she was was together, she came together, to Joseph, as Jesus’ When as 3.When Jesus’ mother mother Mary was espoused Mary was espoused to found with child of the Holy Ghost the Passover, but was Passover, but was betrayed betrayed by Juda and by Juda and disciples to for the Jesus went 4.Jesus with his went with Jerusalem for to Jerusalem his disciples caught at the Last Supper. Translations of the Bible Ⅰ填空题1.Except a few passages in the related Armaic dialect the Old Testament was originally written in Hebrew. And the New Testament was originally written in a popular form of Greek. is known Testament is known as the Septuagint, as Old Testament as the Septuagint, as oldest extant 2.The The oldest the Old extant Greek of the translation of Greek translation according the fictional letter of Aristeas, it was translated by 72 translators in 72 days. Vulgate edition, which was 3.The most ancient extant Latin version of the whole Bible is the nguage. done in 384 –405 A.D. by St. Jerome in common people’s la4.The first English version of whole Bible was translated from the Latin Vulgate in 1382 and was copied out by hand by the early group of reformers led by John Wycliff. is the the ――AuthorizedBible is English Bible King James’ or King Authorizedǁ ǁ or James’ The most 5.The of English most important important and influential of and influential version, first published in 1611. Ⅱ选择题1.By 1693, the whole of the Bible had been translated in _________languages. A. 228 B. 974 C. 1202 D. 154 2.The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as ________. A. the Latin Vulgate B. the Aristeas C. the ―Authorizedǁ D. the SeptuagintBible was was the _______ Bible complete work work first complete the first the _______ 1500’s, the When printing 3.When was invented printing was invented in the 1500’s, in the printed. A. English B. Latin C. Aramaic D. Hebrew 4.When did the standard American edition of the Revised Version appear? _______ A. 1885 B. 1611 C. 1901 D. 1979 Division Three: The Middle Ages Manor and Church Ⅰ填空题1.In European history, the thousand year period following the fall of the West Roman Empire in the fifth century is called the Middle Ages. Europe was scene of was the and wars and frequent wars of frequent the scene the fifth Between the 2.Between fifth and and eleventh centuries, West eleventh centuries, West Europe invasions. 3.The Middle Age is a period in which classical, Hebrew and Gothic heritage merged. system of holding ––a a system of holding land in of land in holding land land holding in Europe Feudalism in 4.Feudalism Europe was was mainly system of mainly a a system exchange for military service. 5.In 732 Charles Martel, a Frankish ruler gave his soldiers estates known as fiefs as a reward for their service. 6.The center of medieval life under feudalism was the manor. By the the 1212th century 7.By castle, which which were made of and stone and of stone were made manor houses century manor called castle, houses came came to be called to be designed as fortress. 8.As a knight, he was pledged to protect the weak, to fight for the church, to be loyal to his lord and to respect women of noble birth. These rules were known as code of chivalry, from which the western idea of good manners developed. for war by fighting war by each other other in batters mock batters in mock fighting each the medieval In the trained for medieval days 9.In days a a knight knight was was trained called tournaments. Church and Roman Catholic Catholic Church the Eastern the Roman Eastern and the the Church After 1054, 10.After 1054, the Church was divided into was divided into the Orthodox Church. 11. The most important of all the leaders of Christian thought was Augustine of Hippo who lived in North Africa in the fifth century. 12. Under Under feudalism, feudalism, people people of of western western Europe Europe were were mainly mainly divided divided into into three three classes: classes: clergy, clergy, lords and peasants. 13. The The Pope Pope not not only only ruled ruled Roman Roman and and parts parts of of Italy Italy as as a a king, king, he he was was also also the the head head of of all all Christian churches in western Europe. 14. In In the the Medieval Medieval times times the the Church Church set set up up a a church church court court –– the the Inquisition Inquisition to to stamp stamp out out so-called heresy. 15. One of the most important sacraments was Holy Communion, which was to remind people that Christ had died to redeem man. 16. To To express express their their religious religious feelings, feelings, many many people people in in the the Middle Middle Ages Ages went went on on journeys journeys to to sacred sacred places places where where early early Christian Christian leaders leaders had had lived. lived. The The most most important important of of all all was was Jerusalem. 17. With With a a return return attack against attack against the the Moslems, Moslems, the the Western Christians Western Christians launched launched a a series series of of holy holy wars called the Crusades. Ⅱ 选择题 1. In In the the later later part part of of the the 44th century, century, which which of of the the following following tribes tribes swept swept into into Europe Europe from from central central Asia, Asia, robbing robbing and and killing killing a a large large numbers numbers of of the the half half civilized civilized Germanic Germanic tribes? tribes? ________ A. the Mongolians B. the HunsC. the Turkish D. the Syrians 2. The Middle Ages is also called the _________. A. ―Age of Christianityǁ B. ―Age of LiteratureǁC. ―Age of Holy Spiritǁ D. ―Age of Faithǁ3. According to the code of chivalry, which of the following is not pledged to do for a knight? _______ A. To be loyal to his lord B. To fight for the church C. To obey without question the orders of the abbot D. To respect women of noble birth 4. In 732, who gave his soldiers estates known as fiefs as a reward for their service? _________ A. Charles Martel, a Frankish ruler B. Charles I, a Turkish ruler C. Constantine I, a Frankish ruler D. St. Benedict, a Italian ruler 5. When When was was the the Church Church divided divided into into the the Roman Roman Catholic Catholic Church Church and and Eastern Eastern Orthodox Orthodox Church?_________ A. after 1066 B. after 1296 C. after 1054D. after 476 6. Which of the following about the knight or noble in the Middle Ages in Western Europe is NOT true?____________ A. Almost all nobles were knights in the Medieval days. B. A noble began his education as a page at the age of seven. C. As a knight, he was pledged to fight for the church. D. At about fourteen, the page became a knight. 7. When was a noble crowned as a knight in the Middle Ages in Western Europe? _______ A. At the age of 14. and ran errands good manners and ran errands for the B.When he was learned good manners for the was taught taught to prayers, learned to say say his his prayers, ladies. C.At a special ceremony known as dubbing. D.When he was pledged to fight for the church. what the monks must the monks must do do before entering the before entering the is NOT of the Which of 8.Which the following following is true about NOT true about what monastery according to the Benedictine Rule? A.They had to attend service 6 times during the day and once at midnight. B.They could promise to give up all their possession before entering the monastery. C.They were expected to work 5 hours a day in the fields surrounding the monastery. D.They had to obey without question the orders of the abbot. 9.Under feudalism, what were the three classes of people of western Europe?________ A. clergy, knights and serfs B. Pope, bishop and peasants C. clergy, lords and peasants D. knights, nobles and serfs 10.By which year the Moslems had taken over the last Christian stronghold and won the crusades and ruled all the territory in Palestine that the crusaders had fought to control? ________ A. 1270 B. 1254 C. 1096 D. 1291Ⅲ名词解释1.the Middle Ages 2.Manor 3.Code of Chivalry 4.Benedictine Rule 5.the Crusades Ⅳ简答与问答1.Who was Charles Martel? 2.What was the difference between a serf and a free man? 3.Into what three groups were people divided under feudalism? 4.What happened in Western Europe after the decline of the Roman Empire? Learning and Science, Literature, Art and Architecture Ⅰ填空题1.Charlemagne, who temporarily restored order in western and central Europe, was perhaps the most important figure of the medieval period. Emperor of the Romansǁ by the Pope in 800.2.Charlemagne w as crowed ―E mperor of the Romans3.The Summa Theologica by St. Thomas Aquinas forms an enormous system and sums up all the knowledge of medieval theology. research and and called Scientific research careful for careful of Scientific called for Bacon was 4.Roger advocates of Roger Bacon was one of earliest advocates the earliest one of the observation and experimentation. vernacular languages – that is, the languages of 5.―National epicǁ refers to the epic written in various national states that came into being in the Middle Ages. 6.Beowulf is an Anglo-Sexon epic, in alliterative verse, originating from the collective efforts of oral literature. , is one of 7.Dante Alighieri was the greatest poet of Italy, his masterpiece, The Divine Comedy, is one of the landmarks of world literature. 8. Chaucer was a great English poet, The Canterbury Tales were his most popular work for their were his most popular work for their power of observation, piercing irony, sense of humor and warm humanity. 9. Chaucer writers in dialect used by Londoners, and by the sheer weight and popularity of his writings he sets it firmly on the way towards Modern English. 10. The style of architecture under Romanesque art is characterized by massiveness, solidity and monumentality with all overall blocky appearance. 11. The Gothic style started in France and quickly spread through all parts of western Europe. Ⅱ 选择题1. Which of the follo wing was crowned ―Emperor of the Romansǁ by the Pope in 800? ______ A. St. Thomas Aquinas B. CharlemagneC. Constantine D. King James 2. Who Who was was the the ruler ruler of of the the Anglo-Saxon Anglo-Saxon kingdom kingdom of of Wessex Wessex and and contributed contributed greatly greatly to to the the medieval European culture? _________ A. Charles I B. Constantine I C. Alfred the Great D. Charles the Great 3. Does Song of Roland belong to which country’s epic? _________A. English B. Germanic C. Hebrew D. French4. Who is the author of the Opus Maius ? ________ A. Roger Bacon B. Dante Alighieri C. Chaucer D. St. Thomas Aquinas Ⅲ 名词解释1. Carolingian Renaissance 2. Beowulf 3. Song of Roland 4. The Canterbury tales 5. Romanesque 6. Gothic Ⅳ 简答与问答1.What was the merit which Charlemagne and Alfred the Great share? Division IV: Renaissance and ReformationRenaissance in ItalyⅠ 填空题1. Generally speaking, Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid 17th century. 2. Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. 3. In essence, Renaissance was a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of conservatism in feudalist Europe and introduce new ideas that that expressed expressed the the interests interests of of bourgeoisie, bourgeoisie, to to lift lift the the restrictions restrictions in in all all areas areas placed placed by by the the Roman Church authorities. 4. Renaissance Renaissance started started in in Florence Florence and and V enice V enice with with the the flowering flowering of of paintings, paintings, sculpture sculpture and and architecture. 5.Beginning from the 11th century, cities began to rise in central and north Italy. 6.Decameron is a collection of 100 tales told by 7 young ladies and 3 younger gentlemen on their way to escape the Black Death of 1348. Canzoniers, a book of lyrical songs written in his Italian dialect. 7.Petrach was best known for 8.The Renaissance artists introduced in their works scientific theories of anatomy and perspective. 9.The four representative artists of High Renaissance in Italy are Leonardo da Vinci, michelangelo, Raphael and Titian. Mona do da Vinci’s major works: Last Supper is the most famous of religious pictures; Loenardo da Vinci’s major works: 10.LoenarLisa probably is the world’s most famous portrait.from the himself from freed himself the old tradition of of he freed old tradition of art created a a style Michelangelo created style of 11.Michelangelo in which art in which he decoration on the one hand and documentary realism on the other. colour on oil colour on canvas canvas as established oil as the typical the typical have established 12.Titian’s painting is Titian’s painting to have acknowledged to is acknowledged medium of the pictorial tradition in western art. 13.In world trade, Italy had lost its supremacy because of the discovery of America in 1492 and the rounding of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488, the opening of an all-water route to India which provided a cheaper means of transport. 14.Petrach is looked up as the father of modern poetry. 15.Italy is regarded as the birthplace of the Renaissance. Ⅱ选择题1.Where did the Renaissance start with the flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture? _______ A. in Greece and Rome B. in Florence and VeniceC. in Milan and Florence D. in Italy and Germany 2.When did the Renaissance reach its height with its center moving to Milan, then to Rome, and created High Renaissance? ___________ A. in the 11th century B. in the 15th century C. in the 16th century D. in the 17th century 3.Which of the following works is written by Boccaccio? _______ A. Decameron B. Canzoniers C. DavidD. Moses4.Who is the author of the painting, Betrayal of Judas? ________ A. Giotto B. Brunelleschi C. Donatello D. Giorgione 5.Which of the following High Renaissance artists is the father of the modern mode of painting? _______ A. Raphael B. Titian C. da Vinci D. Michelangelo known for best known for his Madona (Virgin (Virgin artists was his Madona was best Which of Renaissance artists of the 6.Which High Renaissance following High the following Mary)? A. Titian B. da Vinci C. Michelangelo D. Raphael7.Which of the following paintings was based on the story in the Bible with Maria riding on a donkey ready to face the hardship ahead? ________ A. Tempesta B. Sacred and Profane Love C. Flight into Egypt D. The Return of the Hunters。
欧洲文化英语试题及答案
欧洲文化英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 欧洲联盟（EU）的总部设在哪个城市？A. 伦敦B. 布鲁塞尔C. 巴黎D. 柏林答案：B2. 下列哪个节日起源于欧洲？A. 春节B. 圣诞节C. 感恩节D. 元宵节答案：B3. 欧洲的哪种建筑风格以尖塔和彩色玻璃窗著称？A. 哥特式B. 巴洛克式C. 罗马式D. 文艺复兴式答案：A4. 以下哪个国家不是申根区成员国？A. 法国B. 德国C. 美国D. 意大利答案：C5. 欧洲哪个国家以生产葡萄酒而闻名？A. 俄罗斯B. 西班牙C. 希腊D. 波兰答案：B6. 欧洲的哪个城市被誉为“艺术之都”？A. 伦敦B. 巴黎C. 罗马D. 柏林答案：B7. 欧洲的哪种语言使用最广泛？A. 英语B. 德语C. 法语D. 西班牙语答案：A8. 欧洲哪个国家是联合国安全理事会常任理事国之一？A. 挪威B. 瑞典C. 英国D. 爱尔兰答案：C9. 欧洲哪个国家有“千湖之国”之称？A. 芬兰B. 瑞士C. 丹麦D. 荷兰答案：A10. 欧洲哪个国家是世界著名的钟表制造中心？A. 法国B. 意大利C. 瑞士D. 德国答案：C二、填空题（每空2分，共20分）1. 欧洲的货币联盟使用的主要货币是________。
答案：欧元2. 欧洲最大的国家是________。
答案：俄罗斯3. 欧洲最长的河流是________。
答案：伏尔加河4. 欧洲的________是世界著名的旅游胜地。
答案：威尼斯5. 欧洲的________是世界文化遗产之一。
答案：布拉格城堡6. 欧洲的________被誉为“音乐之都”。
答案：维也纳7. 欧洲的________是世界著名的电影节之一。
答案：戛纳电影节8. 欧洲的________是世界著名的汽车制造商。
答案：宝马9. 欧洲的________是世界著名的时尚之都。
答案：米兰10. 欧洲的________是世界著名的啤酒节举办地。
答案：慕尼黑三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）1. 简述欧洲文化的特点。
大学《欧洲文化入门》试题及答案
5.Can you outline the geo-cultural area of Europe and the West? (20%)
（2）生理学和医学
比利时医生维萨留斯发表《人体结构》一书，对盖伦的“三位一体”学说提出挑战。西班牙医生塞尔维特发现血液的小循环系统，证明血液从右心室流向肺部，通过曲折路线到达左心室。英国解剖学家哈维通过大量的动物解剖实验，发表《心血运动论》等论著，系统阐释了血液运动的规律和心脏的工作原理。他指出，心脏是血液运动的中心和动力的来源。这一重大发现使他成为近代生理学的鼻祖。
3.Can you list some important values of Renaissance(20%)
答：（1）物理学
在物理学方面，伽利略通过多次实验发现了落体、抛物体和振摆三大定律，使人对宇宙有了新的认识。他的学生托里拆利经过实验证明了空气压力，发明了水银柱气压计。法国科学家帕斯卡尔发现液体和气体中压力的传播定律。英国科学家波义耳发现气体压力定律。
（3）“地理大发现”
航海技术产生了一次革命性地飞跃，葡萄牙、西班牙、意大利的探险家们开始了一系列远程航海活动。4.Can you explain the importance of French Revolution? (20%)
欧洲入门文化试题及答案
欧洲入门文化试题及答案作业1(第7题Roman mythology is actually___.A.of Greek cultureB.not purely RomanC.from African cultureD.of Asian nature答案:B2(第8题Greek gods resembled human beings in the following aspects except___.A.formB.emotionsC.authorityD.being immortal答案:D3(第9题___ is not included in Greek mythology as one of the three principal types of figures.A.the godsB.the devilsC.the mortalsD.the heroes答案:B4(第10题The continuity of the New Testament with the Old is best shown in ___.A.its teaching about GodB.its teaching about JesusC.its instruction by ChristD. its claim of Jesus as a unique revelation of God答案:A此题得分:0.05(第11题In the 13th century, many schools _.A.were organized into universitiesB.gave way to universitiesC.were state-runD.were government-funded答案:A6(第27题Myths____.A.are all religiousB.all explain the interaction of divine and human worldsC.explain the origin of man and natureD.are all ture答案:C7(第28题The ancient Greeks___.A.learned myths from RomeB.firmly believed myths to be trueC.wrote many mythsD.learned myths from China答案:B8(第29题According to Greek mythology, Paris,___, which resulted in theTrojanwar.A.son of King of Troy, abducted Helen, a Greek beautyB.King of Troy, abducted Helen, a Greek beautyC.son of Greek king, abducted Helen, a Trojan beautyD.King of Greek, abducted Helen, a Trojan beauty 答案:A 9(第30题The original language of the New Testament was used ___. A.as aproper vehicle for the Christian faith B.as a means of worshipC.in the church onlyD.in homes and marketplaces答案:D10(第31题Magna Carta in 1215 in England was a document that __. A.really weakened the power of the churchB.really weakened the power of the kingC.spoke for the common peopleD.spoke for the nobles答案:D11(第50题Which of the following is not true about the Greeks? A.They produced their sacred written text like the Bible B.They recognized no single truthC.They believed no single codeD.They had various beliefs答案:A12(第51题In the Renaissance, the ancient myths___.A.served as sources of inspiration for artistic creationB.enjoyed new colorsC.were more poeticD.became more imaginative答案:A13(第52题Roman writers like Virgil and Ovid were famous as they ___. A.lived about three centuries before Christ was born B.created an inspiring Greco-Roman mythology C.introduced the names of Greek gods into Roman culture D.introduced the functions of Greek gods into Roman culture 答案:B14(第53题In the New Testament Jesus was portrayed as the following figure except____.A.a prophetB.the second AdamC.the Son of GodD.the almighty God答案:D15(第54题Romanesque style appeared_.A.earlier than Gothic styleter than Gothic styleC.higher and lighterD.more mysterious答案:A16(第12题According to Roman mythology, the Romans originated from Asia Minor.答案:正确17(第13题In the Jewish Bible there are 27 books in Hebrew.答案:错误18(第14题Many books in the Old Testament are narratives because they report theevents in the past.答案:正确19(第15题Books of Moses focus on law of nature.答案:错误20(第16题The Old Testament is a collection of books recording oral traditions in the Near East.答案:正确标准答案:121(第17题According to the Old Testament, death is a cruel reality.答案:错误22(第18题The Germans by no means traded with the Romans.答案:错误23(第19题People in the early Middle Ages by no means cared about local leaders.答案:错误24(第20题The Merovingians were infamous for being foreigners.答案:错误25(第21题By 750 the Muslims had subdued Turkey.答案:错误26(第32题In Virgil's Aeneid, Aeneas married the princess of a kingdom that occupied the future land of Rome, which made him the father of Romulusand Remus.答案:错误27(第33题The Old Testament is regarded as a book recording the past event of the Jewish people.答案:错误28(第36题According to the author of the apocalyptic writings, Evil powers wouldstruggle against God.答案:正确29(第37题Early Romans began to build temples for their gods 170 years before the city was founded.答案:错误30(第38题Early Christians regarded the New Testament as an agreement God made with Adam and Eve.答案:错误31(第39题According to the Old Testament, Moses was a prophet.答案:正确32(第40题Belief in the harmony between spiritual and worldly things is true ofByzantium, Islam, and the West.答案:正确33(第41题Monks in the Merovingian time lived in the temples.答案:错误34(第42题Participants in the Renaissance came to the conclusion that their owncommercial achievements rivaled those of antiquity.答案:错误35(第55题Romans adopted Jupiter from Greek culture as the focus of state religious practice.答案:错误36(第56题The most significant part of the Christian Old Testament lies in books on laws.答案:正确37(第57题The Birth of Venus, created in the Renaissance,was a painting inspired by Virgil's vivid descriptions.答案:错误38(第58题The Old Testament tells the true history of the Jews.答案:错误39(第59题The major theological theme of the Old Testament is that Yahweh is the only God in the world.答案:错误40(第60题The common features of the Byzantine, Islam and the west are depopulated cities, unproductive land and fragmented power.答案:错误41(第61题Renaissance began in Italy.答案:正确42(第62题Scholars now recognize that a number of characteristics of Renaissanceart and society had their origins in the Middle Ages.答案:正确43(第63题Christians considered pagan gods supernatural.答案:错误44(第1题By the end of the 4th century, __ became the only official religion.答案:Christianity45(第2题More and more foreign gods found their way into the Roman culture withRoman expansion because Rome became an ________. 答案:international trading center46(第3题Unlike Christianity, Judaism___ in more gods.答案:believes47(第4题Adam called his wife Eve because she was__.答案:the mother of all living48(第5题The New Testament consists of _____ books .答案:2749(第6题Fairs in towns of the Central Middle Ages attracted foreign __.答案:traders50(第22题In the Romans' __________ practice, they sacrificed any animal available to the god.答案:religious51(第23题According to the story of creation, God formed man from the dust of ___________.答案:the ground52(第24题The monarchy of Israel arose in the ___.答案:1100 BC53(第25题The Roman ruler, Julius Caesar was killed by citizens whowere _____ with his rule.答案:unhappy54(第26题Roman emperors enjoyed almost unlimited power, so they _____ holy honors eventually.答案:accepted55(第34题Charlemagne wanted to be known as a emperor.答案:Christian56(第35题The Holy Roman Empire lasted over years.答案:50057(第43题Roman religious practices reflected __________ of a farming society among the Roman people.答案:the needs58(第44题According to the Bible, Noah survived the flood due to __________.答案:God's favor59(第45题Favored by God, Moses eventually led his people out of the hand of the___.答案:Egyptians60(第46题Until the 6th century BC with the influence of the Greeks, Roman godswere _______.答案:formless61(第47题The Romans in their religious practice ___________ about the afterlife.答案:cared62(第48题New schools in the 11th century were located in city __答案:cathedrals63(第49题The Carolingians subdued the ___.答案:Merovingians。
欧洲文化题库
欧洲文化题库2. Parthenon in Greece is the place where people worship __B______.a. many godsb. one godc. many goddessesd. many gods and goddesses3．In the early days of Christianity, it was a religion of ____B___.a. the richb. the poorc. the ruling classd. all people4. Which of the following statements about Knighthood is NOT true? Aa. a nobleman was born a knightb. knighthood had to be earnedc. one had to be trained in order to become a knightd. after being dubbed a knight, he had to observe the Code of Chivalry.5. The Inquisition was __A___.a. a church court set up to try hereticsb. an organization for church investigationc. a court in many kingdomsd. the decision-making body of the church6. The Statue of Liberty was a gift from ____B____ to the American people for the100-year anniversary of the independence of the U.S.A.a. U.K.b. Francec. Germanyd. Italy7. Counter- Reformation means that the Roman Catholic Church ____C__.a. suppressed the Reformation movement by forceb. refused to accept any reformc. re-established itself as a dynamic force in European affairs by introducingreforms and improvementsd. ganged up with the Spanish monarchy to set up the Inquisition8. Kepler’s contribution to astronomy is ___C____.a. his discovery of the law of inertiab. his discovery of the Ptolemaic systemc. his discovery of the three laws of planetary motiond. none of the above9. The symbolic event of the French Revolution in 1789 was __C____.a. the issuance of the Declaration of Independenceb. the founding of the First Republicc. the seizure of the Bastilled. the publication of The Spirit of the Laws10. The twelve tables were laws written by ___A___.a. the Romansb. the Greeksc. the Americansd. the French11. In 313 the Edict of Milan was issued by _____B____ and granted religious freedom to all and made Christianity legal.a. Theodosiusb. Constantine Ic. Caesard. Octavian12. The __C_____ type is the most beautiful column in Greek architecture..a. Ionicb. Doricc. Corinthiand. all of the above13. Which one is the figure in Homer’s Odyssey? Da. Agamemnonb. Hectorc. Achillesd. Penelope14. In the 13th century, many schools____A____.a. were organized into universitiesb. gave way to universitiesc. were state-rund. were government-funded15. The representation form of Greek Democracy is ____C_______.a. constitutional monarchb. representative democracyc. citizen-assembly.d. separation of powers16. The Academy is the first school in the world，it was established by ____B_____.a. Aristotleb. Plato.c. Socratesd. Democritus17. The following works were written by Plato except ___C____.a. Dialoguesb. Apologyc. On the Godd. Republic.18. “Man is the measure of all things.” is the doctrine of ______D____.a. Aristotleb. Plato.c. Socratesd. Protagoras19. The Birth of Jesus was recorded in _____A____.a. Matthewb. Markc. Luked. John20. The Bible contains 66 books: ____A______.a. 39 OT, 27 NT.b. 36 OT, 30 NTc. 30 OT, 36 NTd. 27 OT, 27 NT21. The most important and influential of English Bible is the ____D____ version.a. “Authorized”b. “King James”c. John Wycliff’sd. both a and b22. Dante wrote his masterpiece in ____A___.a. Italianb. Latin.c. Germand. English23. Renaissance started in _____D____ with the flowering of paintings, sculptureand architecture. a. Florenceb.Venicec. Miland. both a and b24. The reformation got it‘s victory first in _____B____.a. Franceb. Germanyc. Englandd. Italy25. Romanesque style appeared____A______.a. earlier than Gothic styleb. later than Gothic stylec. higher and lighterd. more mysterious26. __D______ edited the famous Encyclopédie.a. Montesquieub. Voltairec. Rousseaud. Diderot27. The following works were written with the effect of the Bible. Da. Milton’s Paradise Lostb. Bunyan’s Pilgrim‘s Progressc. Byron’s Caind. all of the above28. Cement was invented by the ____B_____.a. Frenchb. Romansc. Greeksd. Germans29. The most important contribution made by the Romans to the European culturewas the Roman _____A___.a. lawsb. architecturec. literatured. sculpture30. The famous tourist attraction Bath in England was originally set up by the peoplefrom ____A____.a. Ancient Romeb. Ancient Greecec. the Great Britaind. Egypt31. The Fall of Man was recorded in___A____，Pentateuch，the Old Testament，The Bible.a. Genesisb. Exodusc. Leviticusd. Numbers32. Christianity originated from__B______.a. Turkeyb. Palestinec. North Africad. the Western Europe33. Monks then by no means____B____.a. gave up material comfortb. marriedc. remain singled. spent much of their time in prayer to God34. After __A_____， the church was divided into the Roman Catholic Church and theEastern Orthodox Church.a.1054b. 1066c. 1215d. 96635. ____B____， who translated into Latin both Old and New Testament from theHebrew and Greek originals. It became the official Bible of the Roman Catholic Church throughout the world.a. John Wycliffb. St. Jeromec. Martin Lutherd. King James37. By the end of the 16th century， Calvinism had spread to England. As a result，the ___B___ Movement was started in England.a. Reformationb. Puritanc. Counter-Reformationd. Progressive38. As a knight，he were pledged to ____D____. These rules were known as code of chivalry， from which the western idea of good manners developed.a. to protect the weakb. to fight for the churchc. to be loyal to his lord and to respect women of noble birthd. all the above39. The theory of the separation of powers was put forward by in his work The Spirit of the Laws. Ba. Lockeb. Montesquieuc. Voltaired. Jefferson40. Guilds in the cities then were____D____.a. religious clubs onlyb. trade associationsc. only controlling everythingd. communities of the craftsmen41. “Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains” This is a remark madeby____D_____.A. VoltaireB. DiderotC. MontesquieuD. Rousseau42. “Carolingian Renaissance”, as the first of the three medieval renaissances, occurred mostly during the reign of the Carolingian ruler ___C______.A. JustinianB. Elisabeth IC. CharlemagneD.Charles Martel43. After defeating the Trojan people, Odysseus was on his way back to get together with his wife_____D__.A. HellenB. IthacaC. ElectraD. Penelope44. Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian are BA. CitizensB. ColumnsC. City-StatesD. Roads45. Machiavelli was called __B______ in the West.A. Father of historyB. Father of political scienceC. Father of humanismD. Father of democracy46. In Locke’s political philosophy, the chief reason for the institution of civil government was ___A______.A. the protection of private propertyB. the upholding of free thinkingC. the abolishment of the rule of the churchD. regulation of economy47. The Praise of Folly, a literary work in which a lady named Folly criticized the fallacies and hypocrisy of human being, was written by ____D___.A. ShakespeareB. CervantesC. ChaucerD. Erasmus49. The Catholic Church should be characterized as ___B______.A. A loosely organized religious institutionB. A highly centralized and disciplined international organizationC. A loosely organized European institutionD. A highly disciplined western organization50. In which of the following books is the theory of the separation of powers proposed and illustrated? DA. The Social ContractB. Essay on CriticismC. The Justinian CodeD. The Spirit of Laws51. The long period of peace in history known as Pax Romana began from the reign of ________ to that of ___D_____.A. Julius Caesar,... Theodosius IB. Julius Caesar,...Marcus AureliusC. Augustus,...DiocletianD. Augustus, ...Marcus Aurelius52. The Middle Ages is also called the ____A___.A. Age of FaithB. Age of ReasonC. Age of Renaissance C. Age of Byzantine Empire53. Hammurabi’s Code, the Ten Commandments, and the Twelve Tables were all significant to their societies because they established ___C____.A. democratic governmentsB. official religionsC. rules of behaviorD. economic systems54. Which of the following laws was discovered by Newton? DA. Law of inertiaB. Law of falling bodiesC. Law of relativityD. Law of universal gravitation55. The Latin Vulgate, translated by___C_____ in common people’s language, became the official Bible of the Roman Catholic church throughout the world.A. John WycliffB. Jan HusC. St. JeromeD. Mattin Luther56. Example of ancient architecture using columns that still exists in Greece today BA. ColosseumB. ParthenonC. Pont du GardD. Panthenon57. The most important and influential English Bible is the ___A_____ version.A. “King James”B. John Wycliff’sC. William Tyndale’sD. Miles Converdale’s58. In 313, ____B_____ issued the Edict of Milan and granted Romans religious freedom, thus making Christianity legal.A. DiocletianB. Constantine IC. TheodosiusD. Octavius59. These people staged battles that were fought in the Roman Colosseum for an audience of thousands. DA. actorsB. senatorsC. philosophersD. gladiators60. According to Exodus, Moses and his Hebrews followers took a journey from Egypt to the Promised Land which lasted ____C__.A. Ten yearsB. Forty daysC. Forty yearsD. Twenty years61. The story of Noah’s Ark was recorded in___D____，Pentateuch，the Old Testament，The Bible.A. ExodusB. LeviticusC. NumbersD. Genesis62. According to the Old Testament, God promised Abraham and his son Jacob the land of Canaan, and suggested that Jacob change his name into Israel, which means______C____.A. GraspingB. HairyC. Wrestling with GodD. Father of many nations63. Which ancient civilization is associated with the Twelve Tables, an extensive road system, and the poets Horace and Virgil? DA.BabylonianB. PhoenicianC. GreekD. Roman64. Who were considered as citizens by the ancient Athens? CA. womenB. slavesC. adult free malesD. foreigners and children65. The Age of Enlightenment is also called the ____B______。
欧洲文化期末试题
The PaxRomana（罗马和平）In the year 27 B.C., Octavius took supreme power as emperor with the title of Augustus. Two centuries later, the Roman empire reached its greatest extent in the North and East. The emperors mainly relied on a strong army—the famous Roman Legions and an influential bureaucracy to exert their rules. Thus the Romans enjoyed a long period of peace lasting 200 years. This remarkable phenomenon in the history is known as PaxRomanaThe Edict of Milan（米兰赦令）1) Roman emperor Constantine believed that God had helped him in winning the battle for the throne, so he issued the Edict of Milan in 313. 2) It granted religious freedom to all, made Christianity legal.Code of Chivalry (骑士制度)1) In the Middle Ages of western Europe, as a knight, he were pledged to protect the weak, to fight for the church, to be loyal to his lord and to respect women of noble birth. 2) These rules were known as code of chivalry, from which the western idea of good manners developed.The Counter-Reformation（反宗教改革）1)By late 1520 the Roman Catholic Church had lost its control over the church in Germany and the movement against the Roman Catholic Church had swept over the whole of Europe, shaking the very foundation of the Roman Catholic Church. 2) The Roman Catholic Church did not stay idle. They gathered their forces to examine the Church institutions and introduce reforms and improvements, to bring back its life. 3) In time, the roman Catholic Church did re-establish itself as a dynamic force in European affairs. 4) This recovery of power is often called by historians the Counter-Reformation Great InstaurationThe Middle Ages1) In European history, the thousand-year period from the 5th century to 15th century following the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the fifth century is called the Middle Ages.2)The middle ages is so called because it came between ancient times and modern times. 3) During the Medieval times there was no central government to keep the order. The only organization that seemed to unite Europe was the Christian church.4) Chris tianity took the lead in politics, law, art, and learning for hundreds of years. It shaped people’s lives. That is why the Mi ddle Ages is also called the ―Age of Faith‖.Carolingian Renaissance（加洛林复兴）：1）In early medieval period, the Emperor of the Romans, Charlemagne, encouraged learning by setting up monastery schools, giving support to scholars and setting scribes to work copying various ancient books. Because the scribes performed their tasks well, few of the ancient works that had survived until that time were ever lost. 3) The result of Charlemagne’s efforts is usually called the ―Carolingian Renaissance‖. 4)The term is derived from Charlemagne’s name in Latin, Carolus. 5) The most in teresting side of this rather minor renaissance is the spectacle of Frankish or Germanic state reaching out to assimilate the riches of the Roman Classical and the Christianized Hebraic culture.The Crusades1) In 1071 Palestine fell to the armies of the Turkish Moslems who attacked the Christian pilgrims, killing many of them and sold many others as slaves. 2) News of this kink roused great indignation among Christians in western Europe. 3) The result was a series of holy wars called the Crusades which went on about 200 years. 4) All the soldiers going to Palestine wore a red cross on the tunics as a symbol of obedience to God. 5) There were altogether eight chief Crusades from 1096 to 1291. 6) Aothough the Crusades did not achieve their goal to regain the Holy land, they had an important effect on the future of both the East and the West. They brought the East into closer contact with the West. And they greatly influenced the history of Europe.Rococo ArtRococoArt or "Late Baroque", is an 18th-century artistic movement and style, affecting many aspects of the arts including painting, sculpture, architecture, interior design, decoration, literature, music, and theatre. It developed in the early 18th century in Paris, France as a reaction against the grandeur, symmetry, and strict regulations of the Baroque, especially of the Palace of Versailles.Rococo artists and architects used a more jocular, florid, and graceful approach to the Baroque. Their style was ornate and used light colours, asymmetrical designs, curves, and gold. Unlike the political Baroque, the Rococo had playful and witty themes. The interior decoration of Rococo rooms was designed as a total work of art with elegant and ornate furniture, small sculptures, ornamental mirrors, and tapestry complementing architecture, reliefs, and wall paintings. Benedictine Rule1) It was founded by St. Benedict, a great monk in 529 A. D. 2) The monks who followed Benedict’s rule promised to give up al l their possession before entering the monastery. 3) wore simple clothes and ate only certain simple foods. 4) They could not marry and had to obey without question the orders of the abbot. 5) They had to attend service seven times during the day and once at midnight.6) In addition, they were expected to work five hours a day in the fields surrounding the monastery.1. What did the Roman have in common with the Greeks? And what was the chief difference between them?(1)The Romans had a lot in common with the Greeks. Both peoples had traditions rooted in the idea of the citizen-assembly, hostile to monarchy and to servility. Their religions were alike enough for most of their deities to be readily identified —Greek Zeus with Roman Jupiter, Greek Aphrodite with Roman Venus, and so on—and their myths to be fused. Their languages worked in similar ways and were ultimately related, both being members of the Indo-European language family which stretches from Bangladesh to Iceland.(2) There was one big difference. The Romans built up a vast empire. The Greeks didn’t, excepted for the brief moment of Alexander’s conquests, which soon disintegrated.2. In what ways did Gothic art differ from Romanesque art?⑴Although Gothic was an outgrowth of the Romanesque, it was given directions by a different aesthetic and philosophical spirit and reflected a much more ordered feudal society with full confidence.⑵Romanesque architecture is characterized by massiveness, solidity, and monumentality with an overall blocky appearance. Sculpture and painting, primary in churches, developed a wonderful unity with architecture. Both arts often are imbued with symbolism and allegory. They are not based on natural forms but use deliberate distortions for expressive impact.⑶Gothic cathedrals soared high, their windows, arched and towers reaching heavenward, flinging their passion against the sky. They were decorated with beautiful stained glass windows and sculptures more lifelike than any since ancient Rome.3. What are the main elements of humanism? How are these elements reflected in art and literature during the Italian Renaissance? Humanist is the essence of Renaissance. Humanists in renaissance believed that human beings had rights to pursue wealth and pleasure and they admires the beauty of human body. This belief ran counter to the medieval ascetical idea of poverty and stoicism, and shifted man’s interest from Christianity to humanity, from religion to philosophy, from heaven to earth, from the beauty of God to the beauty of human in all its joy, senses and feeling.The philosophy of humanism is reflected in the art and literature during the Italian Renaissance in the literature works of Boccaccio and Petrarch and in the art of Giotto, Brunelleschi, Donatello, Giorgione, da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Titian, etc. In their works they did not stress death and other world but call on man to live and work for the present.4. Why did England come later than other countries during the Renaissance? In what way was English Renaissance different from that of other countries? Who were the major figures and what their contributions?Because of the War of Roses within the country and its weak and unimportant position in world trade, Renaissance came later in England than other European countries. Compared with the Renaissance in other countries, the Renaissance in England has the following features:⑴It came later; but when it did come, it was to produce some towering figures in English literature and the world literature;⑵The Renaissance in England found its finest expression in drama, crowned by Shakespeare;⑶The Renaissance in England enjoyed a period of political and religious stability under the reign of ElizabethⅠ.The major figures of this period were William Shakespeare, Edmund Spencer, Sir Thomas more, Francis Bacon, and etc. Shakespeare has contributed to the world a legacy of literature heritage by turning out so many outstanding plays and poems. He was one of the two reservoirs of modern English language. Thomas More has written Utopia and depicted in this work an ideal non-Christian state where everybody lives a simple life and shares the goods in common. He contributed to the western tradition of envisioning an ideal state. Spencer has influenced many English poets.5. What is the chief difference between Romanticism and Realism?①In art and literature realism came as a protest against the falseness and sentimentality which realists thought they saw in romantic fiction②If romanticism allows full play to the imagination and stresses love of beauty and interest in the past, the central issues of life for realists tend to be ethical or issues of conduct③And their democratic attitude tended to make them value the individual very highly and to regard characterization as the centre of the novel.④In this sense, realism means more than a literary method; it defines a particular kind of subject matter –the surface details, the common—place actions and the tragedies of the ordinary people constitute the chief matter if realist movement.⑤Its language was simple, clear, and direct, while the tone was often comic, frequently satiric.。
欧洲文化概况期末考试
Part I. Connect the authors with their works. (10%)The Art of Poetry St. AugustineAeneid LucretiusArt of Love VirgilThe Golden Ass Marcus AureliusThe Nature of the Universe OvidNatural History HoraceOn Friendship CiceroMeditations MosesThe Confessions Lucius ApuleiusExodus Pliny the ElderPart II. Fill in the blanks. (30%)1. ______ is the principle god of Rome, and his wife is called _____.2. The best known remaining aqueduct is ______. Most aqueducts were constructed underground. Why? ___________, _______________.3. By the middle of the second century BC Rome was the strongest Mediterranean power. It had territory from ______ to ______ and influence in Egypt and North Africa; it had become an empire.4. From about 100 BC until the Roman Republic fell there was instability and civil war, and three powerful individuals came to hold enormous military and political power. They were called First Triumvirate, including Crassus, ________ and _______.5. After Julius Casear’s death, Octavian and ________ had divided the Roman world.6. In 395 AD, the Roman Empire was divided into two parts. From then on, there were two great centers to the empire, one is _________, and another one is ___________.7. The Christian Bible is made up of _______ and ________. Testament means __________.8. The Old Testament can be broadly divided into four parts: ________, ________, _______, _________. The First part is called Pentateuch, including _______, _______, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy.9. The Four Gospels of the New Testament include _______, ________, ________, ________.10. The Roman emperor _________ called the Council of Nicea in 325 AD to settlethe great Arian dispute.11. From the very earliest days, there existed two great strands of Christianity. One is called_______, and the other is called ________. The latter came into prominence in the period which led to ________ of the 16th century. At that time, reformers stressed ________________________________.Part III. Multiple choice. Mark your answer on your answer sheet. (13%)1. Rome had three Punic Wars with Carthaginians. Rome won the first, but lost the second, because the Carthaginians, under _______, a general of genius, invaded Italy. However, by using the tactics of the general _______, the Romans defeated the Carthaginians.A Fabius Maximus, HannibalB Hannibal, MariusC Hannibal, SullaD Hannibal, Fabius Maximus2. The Five Roman“Good Emperors”created a period of peace and property that lasted for almost 100 years, they are:A. Augustus, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, Marcus AureliusB. Domitian, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, SenecaC. Domitian, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, Marcus AureliusD. Ceciro, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius3. The two most important of pagan festivals in Rome were ________A the Lupercalia and PentecostB the Lupercalia and ChonnakahC the Lupercalia and the SaturnaliaD Christmas and Easter4. Christianity became the state religion in 392 under the Emperor ________.A. ConstantineB. DiocletianC. TheodosiusD Vaspasian5. According to the doctrine of the Trinity, which statement is wrong?A. There was one God who existed in three Persons: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.B. These three were coeternal and coequal.C. Jesus was divine and he was not a man.D. The Holy Spirit proceeded from the Father and was to be worshiped also.6. In the New Testament, ______’s gospel was the earliest gospel.A. MatthewB. MarkC. JamesD. Peter7. _______ was completed in about 125 AD and is the best-preserved major Roman buildings.A. ParthenonB. Temple of JupiterC. PantheonD. Coliseum8.Book of _________ talks about the establishment of laws on sacrifice, institutionof the priesthood, instruction on purity (or cleanliness), and prescriptions for practical holiness.A. LeviticusB. Book of Job C Samuel D Kings9.________ is not one part of Roman Law.A. citizen lawB. law of nationsC. natural lawD. criminal law10.Greek Columns can be grouped into three styles: Doric, Ionic and Corinthian,among which the _______ represents male style, sturdy, powerful, severe-looking,A . Ionic B. Doric C. Corinthian D. Gothic11. Mark’s gospel was directed towards: _________A.the peasants and the poorB.the richC.people of importanceD.the followers who are outside normal society12. Among the four Jewish groups at the time of Jesus, ________ is a small but wealthy ruling party which controlled the important office.A EssenesB PhariseesC ZealotsD Sadducees13. In 135, the Roman emperor Hadrian expelled Jews from __________.A. JerusalemB. Constantinople C Rome D. BethlehemPart VI. Choose three questions to give the answers.1.Why did the Emperor Constantine choose Christianity as state religion? Whatwas his most important act?2.What was the attitude of Romans towards foreign cults?3.What are the three categories of Roman Law and what is the significance ofRoman Law?4.What are the functions of the Roman Forum? Please raise some examples.5.Why is Jesus more than human?6.What’s the meaning and significance of Trinity?7.Why is universal love at the center of Jesus’ teaching? How do you understand it?8.Why is Paul second in importance only to Jesus in the history of Christianity?9.Why did the Jews become the targets of hatred? What discrimination did theysuffer?10.What were the three principle branches of Christianity? What are the influencesof Christianity?11.When did the Hebrew exile take place, and why was the period after it soimportant?12.How did monasticism develop? What are the major contributions of monasteries?。
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1 The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement originating in France, which attracted widespread support among the ruling and intellectual classes of Europe and North America in the second half of the 18th century.
2 John Locke and Isaac Newton, their theories fostered the belief in natural law and universal order, and established confidence in human reason.
3 The major force of the Enlightenment was, however, the French philosophies. Among them were such well-know men of letters as Montesquieu, V oltaire and Rousseau. Diederot.
4 the spirit of this revolution is crystallized结晶in a powerful statement written in The Declaration of independence.
5The seizure of the Bastille marked the end of the French monarchy, and the First French Republic was born in 1792. Guiding this revolution is a document called Declaration of the Rights of Man.
6 Montesquieu was the first of the great French men of letters associated with the Enlightenment.
7 The Spirit of the Law is an investigation of the environmental and social relationships that lie behind the laws of civilized society.
8 Candide is a satire on the previous adventure novels of the age.
9 In The Origin of Human Inquality Rousseau argues that the social
order of civilized society introduce inequality and unhappiness .This social order rests upon private.
10 Confessions is famous as a Literary expression of a writer’s rememberance of things past .
11 Diderot, the 18th century French philosopher and man of letters, is best known as the editor of the Encyclopedic.
12 Philosophical Thoughts «哲学断想» was concemed with the question of the relationship between nature and relity.
15 Jonathan Swift, churchman, political writer and poet , is the foremost satirist in the English Language and one of the satiric masters of all time.
16 Samuel Richardson, novelist, is often called the founder of the English domestic novel.
17 Henry Fielding , novelist, dramatist, and essayist , was called by Sir Walter Scott the father of the English novel.
18 He also edited Shakespeare’s plays with perceptive notes.颇有见解的解释
20 Lessing was the first German dramatist of lasting importance and the most brilliant representative of the German Enlightenment.
21 Lessing’s works reveal the two guiding principles of his own life---truth and reason.
22 Goethe was the greatest of all German poets and the outstanding figure of world literature since the Renaissance.
23 poetry and Truth is an autobiography of Goethe in four volumes.
24 Schiller and his contemporary Goethe are the chief representatives of German classicism.
25 Kant argued that knowledge is the joint product of both sense and reason.
25 He believed that all the stars hand been gathered –or were being gathered ---into such systems of planets and suns ; and he added a significant phrase Creation is never complete: it is ever going on.
26 Rococo style in art is usually associated with architecture and interior decoration.
27 In The Age of Enlightenment, the Classical Period was roughly between 1750 and 1820
28. Joseph Haydn was an Austrian composer.
选择
C 29 Whose doctrines of the separation of powers became one of the most important principles of the U.S Constitutions?
A John locke b Rousseau
C Montesquieu d V oltaire
A 30 Which of the following works is the most famous among V oltai re’s novels?
A Candide b The New Heloise
C Emile d Laocoon
B 31 Who ever said that ‘man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains’?
A Montesquieu b Rousseau
C V oltaire d Diderot
A 32 Which of the following works is a classic of modern aesthetics?
A Laocoon b Faust
C The Robber d Wallensteirl
A 33 Which of the following philosophers first proposes the well-know ‘nebular hypothesis’?
A Kant b Descartes
C Locke d Hobbes
D 34 Which play by Schiller is widely known in China?
A The Robber b Wallenstein
C Wilhelm Tell d Cabal and Love。