作文常用逻辑关联词
常用逻辑连接词
《常用逻辑连接词》1. “因为”就像一把钥匙，能开启因果关系的大门。
我和同学讨论数学题，我说这道题答案是错的，因为计算过程中公式用错了。
就像你要打开一扇门，“因为”这个词就是那把对应的钥匙，没有它，你能清楚地解释为什么答案不对吗？2. “所以”仿佛是旅程的终点指示牌。
老师讲完一个科学原理后说，根据这个原理，所以会出现这样的实验现象。
这就像你沿着一条路走，“所以”就是告诉你，按照前面的情况，你走到了这个结果的站点，难道不是很清晰吗？3. “并且”好似连接两座岛屿的桥梁。
我在写作文描述一个地方，我说那里风景很美，并且美食众多。
这“并且”就像桥梁，把风景和美食这两座“岛屿”连接起来，让读者能同时看到这个地方的两个美好之处，你能体会这种连接的作用吗？4. “或者”像岔路口的路标。
我和朋友商量周末活动，我说我们可以去看电影或者去公园散步。
这“或者”就像岔路口的标识，给我们提供了不同的选择路径，让我们能根据心情和情况决定走哪条路，是不是很方便？5. “如果”像是魔法世界的预言水晶球。
我给弟弟讲故事，我说如果小男孩不勇敢，他就无法战胜邪恶的巫师。
这“如果”就像水晶球，提前展现出一种假设的情景和结果，让故事充满悬念，你喜欢这样讲故事吗？6. “那么”如同导航里的下一步提示。
教练在教我们体育技巧时说，先做好热身，那么接下来就能更好地进行训练动作。
这“那么”就像导航告诉我们做完一件事之后下一步该怎么做，这样训练才会更有条理，你觉得呢？7. “即使”像风雨中的保护伞。
我看到一个运动员受伤了，有人说即使受伤，他也坚持完成比赛。
这“即使”就像一把伞，在不利的“风雨”（受伤）情况下，依然能撑起一种态度，这种精神是不是很让人钦佩？8. “也”像是合唱里的和声。
我在诗歌朗诵会上听到，有人朗诵道：“我热爱这片土地，你也热爱这片土地。
”这“也”就像合唱中的和声，强调了一种共同性，让情感的表达更加饱满，你能感受到吗？9. “要么”像单选题的选项按钮。
十大逻辑关系关联词总结
完型文章中常见的上下文(句)逻辑关系并列关系&部分常用标志词和短语and, and also, or, neither……nor, either……or, not only……but also, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say, as well as, same……as;递进关系&部分常用标志词和短语also, then, besides, additionally, in addition, furthermore, moreover, what is more; indeed;因果关系&部分常用标志词和短语because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so.....that, such.....that, in order that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, in response to, on account of, because of, considering that, seeing that, in that, now that, lest, as a result, for this reason;转折关系&部分常用标志词和短语but, however, yet, contrarily, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately;让步关系&部分常用标志词和短语although, though, even though, even if, even, nevertheless, despite, in spite of; regardless of;anyway, anyhow列举(顺序)关系&部分常用标志词和短语first\second\last of all, in the first place\in the second place\finally, to begin with\ to continue, first......then, on one hand......on the other hand, for one thing..for another, one..another, some..others..still others;对比关系&部分常用标志词和短语while, whereas, as, / rather than, instead of, not..... but;丽关系&部分常用标志词和短语when, whenever, before, after, since, as, while, until, till, simultaneously, meanwhile, in the meantime, at the same time;条件关系&部分常用标志词和短语if, only if, if only, unless, otherwise, as soon as, as long as, in case, suppose that, supposing that, provided that, providing that, when, whenever, with;举例关系&部分常用标志词和短语such as, for example, for instance, of (these, those, them), among (these, those, them), to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an example, more specifically speaking, namely;关联词运用实例说明1.表示举例说明a case in point, after all, as a proof, as an illustration, as an example, for example, for instance, in particular, just as, namely, such, specifically, that is, to illustrate, to demonstratea)Many southern cities are growing above the national average- Atlanta is a case in point.b)The news about calcium and kidney stones is a case in point.c)Prisoners shouldbe treated with respect- they are human beings after all.d)These are, after all, very familiar species.e)It's extremely expensive to live in New York. For example, I pay $1, 250 for a one-bedroom apartment.f)Many countries, for example Mexico and Japan, have a lot of earthquakes.g)Old English was in many ways similar to Modern German. For instance, the nouns, adjectives, and verbs were highly inflected.h)We need to rethink the way we consume energy. Take, for instance, our approach to transport.i)Automobile prices in particular have fallen in recent months.j)His last album sold half a million copies and we hope this one will be just as(=equally) popular.k)One of the most important stages has yet to be started, namely beginning to fit the person into their new job.l)The issues are in two main clusters, namely the safety and the pricing and procurement of drugs.m)The rules make it quite clear what should be done in such a situation.n) We're talking about money -specifically, the money we need to repair our schools.o) One solution would be to change the shape of the screen, that is, to make it wider.2.表示增补意义additionally, again, along with, also, and, and then, as well as, besides, equally, even, further, furthermore, in addition, in other words, just as, likewise, moreover, not only...but also, similarly, to put it another way, to repeat, then, too, what's morea)They may also additionally represent much more; they may indeed have a highly integrating social function.b)And again, these workshops will benefit the community considerably.c)Dunne was murdered, along with three guards.d)Sugar is bad for your teeth. It can also contribute to heart disease.e)This is a flexible and user-friendly system suitable for beginners and advanced users alike.f)Fry the onions gently, and then add the meat and cook for a few minutes.g)The organization gives help and support to people in need, as well as raising money for local charities.h)People choose jobs for other reasons besides money.i)We want the economy to grow, but equally we want low inflation.j)It is possible to make good movies cheaply. Further, "low-budget" doesn't have to mean "bad."k)The majority of Americans increased their wealth in the past decade. Furthermore, the gains were substantial.l) A new security system was installed. In addition, extra guards were hired.m)The company provides cheap Internet access. In addition, it makes shareware freely available.n) The tax only affects people on incomes over $200, 000-in other words, the very rich.o)The clams were delicious. Likewise, the eggplant was excellent.p)Using language is a very complex enterprise. Moreover, there is more to communication than merely putting sentences together.q)The system was not only complicated but also ineffective.r)The cost of food and clothing has come down in recent years. Similarly, fuel prices have fallen quite considerably.s)Money makes money. To put it another way, the more you invest, the greater yourpotential profit will be.t)The problem demands a global solution. To put it another way, local regulations will have very little effect.u)First you need to collect all the information and make detailed notes. Then you can start to actually write your essay.v)Think about what you owe, too, in terms of mortgages, credit cards, loans or hire purchase.w)Gas is a. very efficient fuel. And what' s more, it's clean.3.表示丽above all, anyway, as a matter of fact, certainly, indeed, in fact, in particular, most important, obviously, of course, surely, to be sure, truly, undoubtedly, without doubta)Although it is somewhat limited in its applications it is easy to operate and above all it is fun.b)He got lost and spent hours looking for the station, and anyway it was past midnight by the time he got home.c)And, as a matter of fact, the U. S. Golf Association was delighted.d)Books and people certainly affected him.e)Most of the essays were very good indeed.f)Her teachers said she was a slow learner, whereas in fact she was partially deaf.g)Automobile prices in particular have fallen in recent months.h)But the reverse is true when an attorney represents a person who is obviously guilty or whose guilt is widely perceived.i)This is very obviously the approach of some one writing exclusively and specifically for the young.j)Of course there will be some difficult times ahead.k)If a sign were needed that the Internet has become a real market, the arrival of tax avoidance is surely it.l)Throwing money at the problem is surely not the way to convince people of sincerity.m)It was difficult, to be sure, but somehow we managed to finish the job.n) If we truly believe we can win, then we have a very good chance at doing it.o)Undoubtedly, public interest in folk music has declined.p)Solly was without doubt one of the finest swimmers in the school.10.表示顺序and, besides, finally, first, firstly, further, in the first place, last, next, second, secondly, third, thirdly, to begin with, to start with,a)It also assigned staff people to work with individual companies that wanted to launch a program.b)This is a flexible and user-friendly system suitable for beginners and advanced users alike.c)You need to know what tights you have and how to use them.d)Besides going to aerobics twice a week, she tides horses on Saturdays.e)And finally, I' d like to thank the crew.f)First, I'd like to thank everyone for coming.g)The application of the five stages to the task illustrated would involve, firstly, the definition of the task.h)It is possible to make good movies cheaply. Further, "low-budget" doesn't have tomean "bad."i)And there i. s the question of the relevance of the trading of information in thefirst place.j)Connect the red wires first and the black ones last.k)First you need to select the text you want to move. Next, click on the "Move" command at the top of the screen.l)But, second, in the vast majority of markets, efficient production can be attained with a high degree of competition.m)The more you practise the better you will become at selecting historical information to suit firstly your essay and secondly your argument.n)To begin with, much of this new housing is not affordable.o)I' m not going to Vegas. To start with, I don' t like gambling, and I also can' t get time off work.3、观点转折，反面论证4.表示对比或对照by contrast, but, conversely, in contrast, instead, on the contrary, on the other hand, otherwise, unlike, whereas, while, yeta)The birth rate for older women has declined, but, by contrast, births to teenage mothers have increased.b)The purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers but to provide work for young people.c)American consumers prefer white eggs; conversely, British buyers like brown eggs.d)Scandinavian cruises are very popular in the summer; conversely, the Carib bean is most popular in the winter.e)The stock lost 60 cents a share, in contrast to last year, when it gained 21 cents.f)Instead of being annoyed, he seemed quite pleased.g)It wasn't a good thing; on the contrary it was a huge mistake.h)Nuclear power is relatively cheap. On the other hand, you could argue that it's not safe.i)It is equally vital that both should be mentioned, otherwise a client, particularly a buyer, could be seriously misled.j)Unlike most people in the office, I don't come to work by car.k)A bowl of instant oatmeal costs about $1. 5, whereas regular oatmeal costs only $0.5 per bowl.l)The old system was fairly complicated whereas the new system is really very simple.m)Schools in the north tend to be better equipped, while those in the south are relatively poor.n)Last summer there was a drought, yet some people were still watering their lawns every day.5.表示比较by comparison, equally, equally important, in comparison, in the same way, in the same manner, like, likewise, similarlya)After months of living in a tropical climate, Spain seemed cool by comparison.b)By comparison with other European countries, car prices in the UK are very high.c)Even when the correct word was given a high probability, there were many other words with an equally high probability.d)Many business people do not know what sexual harassment is. Equally important, they do not know how to prevent it.e)an extremely unpleasant disease which is, however, easy to treatf)Cotton production was on the increase. However, it was still a small industry compared to hemp and canvas production.g)The deaf children of hearing parents are almost normal in comparison, having everything except language experience.h)There is often stronger social control evident in the socialisation of girls in comparison to boys.i)Good management accounts separate the well-organised from the rest but are not vital in the same way.j)I don't want him treating me like Jim treated me.k)The clams were delicious. Likewise, the eggplant was excellent.l)The cost of food and clothing has come down in recent years. Similarly, fuel prices have fallen quite considerably.6.表示让步admittedly, after all, all the same, although, certainly, clearly, even so, it is true (that), in spite of, nevertheless, of course, still, truea)The technique is painful, admittedly, but it benefits the patient greatly.b)Printing and presentation should be as attractive as possible- after all the library is an attractive place, isn't it?c)I realise she can be very annoying, but I think you should apologise all the same.d)We decided to take rooms in Longwood House, although we knew we could not really afford the rent.e)We are not especially well-treated, certainly not as well as the locals.f)Clearly, the racial problems in America have no easy answers.g)The fines for speeding are large, but even so, they are not always a deterrent.h)And it is true that after his death she ceased to exist for the world beyond the farm.i)But in spite of the hardships, real efforts and progress are being made.j) A false belief may nevertheless be justified.k)Though employment growth is down, the area is still attracting health care, high tech, banking and sports-related industries.8.表示转折although, but, despite, except for, though, however, in spite of, instead, nevertheless, on the other hand, otherwise, rather than, though, yeta)You can copy down my answers, although I'm not sure if they're right.b)In the US it is normal for the police to carry guns, but not in Britain.c)Despite international pressure, progress has slowed in the peace talks.d)Pen Pros: Except for personal letters, handwritten notes are withering into extinction.e)The rooms, though small, were pleasant and airy.f)This is a cheap and simple process. However there are dangers.g)In spite of her success, Spencer continues to get depressed.h)Cardew did not join the navy. Instead, he decided to join the theater and become an actor.i)Thus we can talk of a local government system which is different from a central government system but nevertheless interacts with it.j)Reintroduction of food after elemental regimens must nevertheless be undertaken with the greatest of care irrespective of whether or not elimination diets are used.k)The hamburger was tough and overcooked. The fries, on the other hand, were terrific, and well worth the money.l)Stir the sauce until it cools, otherwise it will be lumpy.m)It presumes that reality is dynamic rather than static, and therefore seeks relationships between ideas, to aim at synthesis.n)There is no important theory-based reason why these countries rather than others were selected.o)The offenders were dealt with firmly though fairly.p)They charge incredibly high prices, yet customers keep coming back for more. 7.表示结果accordingly, as a result, consequently, for this reason, hence, in this way, so, therefore, thusa)Some of the laws were contradictory. Accordingly, measures were taken to clarify them.b)As many as 2, 500 people died as a result of the earthquake and the ensuing tidal waves.c)Most computer users have never received any formal keyboard training. Consequently, their keyboard skills are inefficient.d)The cost of transport is a major expense for an industry. Hence factory location is an important consideration.e)In this way normal healthy people may be tested without inducing any damage in their brain.f)The building work is taking quite a long time, and therefore costing us money.g)Most of the evidence was destroyed in the fire. Thus it would be almost impossible to prove him guilty.9.表示结论as has been noted(mentioned, stated), at last, finally, in a word, all in all, in brief, in conclusion, in short, in sum, in summary, to conclude, to sum up, to summarizea)An inhibition,as mentioned above,is rarely used.b)At last, we were able to afford a house.c)We finally found a decent apartment close to campus.d)Pop, in a word, is fascination versus meaning.e)It was,all in all,more like a prison than an office.f)In brief,the President plarts to cut defense spellding and lowet taxes.g)In conclusion,I want to thank all the people who havveolunteered their time to our organization.h)In short,the report says that more money should be spent on education.i)In sum,we need to cut costs.j)In summary, do not sell your shares.k)To conclude, theprospects for philosophy of religion look brighter than they have done for many moons.l)To sum up, for a healthy heart you must take regular exercise and stop smoking. rn) Tosummarize, in most cases the schools were achieving the standards set.。
学术写作中的逻辑连接词让文章更连贯流畅
学术写作中的逻辑连接词让文章更连贯流畅学术写作是一种特殊的写作形式，要求准确、清晰地表达观点，并通过逻辑关系将各个观点有机地连接起来，以使文章更具连贯性和流畅性。
在学术写作中，使用适当的逻辑连接词可以帮助读者理解作者的观点，并更好地跟随作者的思维脉络。
本文将重点探讨学术写作中常用的逻辑连接词及其运用。
一、递进关系递进关系指的是在文章中一层层地逐步深入探讨某个主题，逻辑上呈现出递进的关系。
为了有效地表达递进关系，学术写作中常使用递进型的逻辑连接词，如“更重要的是”、“进一步”、“而且”等。
例如，当我们想要论述某个观点的重要性时，可以使用递进关系来加强论述的力度，如："学术研究不仅可以拓宽学术视野，增加知识储备，更重要的是可以促进学术交流，激发创新思维，进一步提升学术水平。
"二、转折关系转折关系指的是在文章中转变论述方向或观点的关系。
转折关系在学术写作中常用于引入相对观点或概念，并将其与前文进行对比或区分。
常见的逻辑连接词有“然而”、“但是”、“尽管”等。
例如，在讨论某一观点的优点时，我们可以使用转折关系引出相对的缺点或限制条件，如："虽然这种新技术能够提高生产效率，降低成本，但是由于其复杂性和高昂的设备费用，应用受到了一定的限制。
"三、因果关系因果关系指的是一种因果联系，即某个事件或行为是由另一个事件或行为引发的。
在学术写作中，运用因果关系可以使论述更加合理和有说服力。
常用的逻辑连接词包括“因此”、“由于”、“所以”等。
例如，在论证某个观点或结论时，我们可以使用因果关系来提供支持或解释，如："高强度的训练对运动员的身体素质有显著的提升作用，因此这种训练方法被广泛运用在体育训练中。
"四、总结关系总结关系用于总结前文的观点，并给出一个总结性的结论。
常用的逻辑连接词有“综上所述”、“总体来看”、“总之”等。
例如，当我们需要对前文的讨论进行总结时，可以使用总结关系进行总结归纳，如："综上所述，学术写作中的逻辑连接词是确保文章连贯流畅的关键。
常用关联词8种关系
常用关联词8种关系在我们日常的语言表达和写作中，关联词起着至关重要的作用。
它们能够帮助我们更清晰地表达想法，使句子和段落之间的逻辑关系更加紧密和连贯。
常见的关联词主要有 8 种关系，分别是并列关系、递进关系、选择关系、转折关系、假设关系、因果关系、条件关系和承接关系。
首先，我们来谈谈并列关系。
并列关系的关联词有“一边……一边……”“既……又……”“不是……而是……”等。
比如，“他一边唱歌，一边跳舞”，这里“唱歌”和“跳舞”是同时进行的动作，通过“一边……一边……”这个关联词，清晰地表明了两者的并列关系。
再比如，“他既聪明又勤奋”，“聪明”和“勤奋”都是对“他”的优点描述，“既……又……”将这两个优点并列呈现。
“不是我不想去，而是我没时间”，则用“不是……而是……”表明了前后所说并非同一情况，而是并列存在的两种状况。
接下来是递进关系，常见的关联词有“不但……而且……”“不仅……还……”“……甚至……”等。
例如，“他不但学习好，而且品德优秀”，“品德优秀”在“学习好”的基础上更进一步，强调了他在两个方面的出色表现。
“她不仅会弹钢琴，还会拉小提琴”，“会拉小提琴”比“会弹钢琴”更进一层。
“天气越来越冷，甚至开始下雪了”，“下雪”是在“天气冷”的程度上更严重的情况，通过“甚至”体现出了这种递进。
选择关系的关联词包括“要么……要么……”“或者……或者……”“不是……就是……”等。
比如，“要么你去，要么我去”，明确地指出了在“你”和“我”之间只能有一个人去。
“今天或者下雨，或者晴天”，给出了天气的两种可能情况。
“不是成功，就是失败”，简洁地表明了面临的两种截然不同的结果。
转折关系也是我们经常用到的，比如“虽然……但是……”“尽管……可是……”“……然而……”等。
“虽然今天下雨了，但是大家的心情依然很好”，“下雨”原本可能会影响心情，但“但是”一转，突出了心情并未受影响。
“尽管他很努力，可是成绩还是不理想”，努力却没有得到理想的成绩，通过“可是”表现出这种反差。
八种常用关联词
八种常用关联词导语：关联词是连接句子、段落和文章的重要工具，能够使文章结构更加紧密，逻辑更加清晰。
本文将介绍八种常用关联词的运用方法，帮助读者提升写作能力。
一、对比关联词对比关联词可以用来对比两个事物的相同点和不同点，常见的有"but"、"however"和"although"。
例如：1."I enjoy swimming,but my sister prefers running."2."He worked hard;however,he didn't achieve the desired result."3."Although it was raining,we still decided to go for a walk."对比关联词能够有效地表达出不同事物之间的对比关系，使文章更加生动有趣。
二、因果关联词因果关联词用来表达两个事件之间的因果关系，常见的有"because"、"so"和"therefore"。
例如：1."He didn't study for the exam,so he failed."2."Because it was raining,we decided to stay indoors."3."The car broke down on the way,therefore we were late for the meeting."因果关联词能够使文章更加连贯，逻辑更加严密。
三、转折关联词转折关联词用来表达对前面所说的观点的否定或限制，常见的有"however"、"although"和"nevertheless"。
英语写作常用逻辑关联词
英语写作常用逻辑关联词，副词和语气的表达（一）、大的逻辑顺序关系(逻辑性副词) （二）、转折（三）、条件、结果（四）、让步（五）程度副词与语气几乎（一）、大的逻辑顺序关系(逻辑性副词)in the first place. Firstlyin the second place, secondlyfirstsecondlastlyfirstlysecondlyto begin withfurthermorefinallyin the long run最终at long last终于at long last, Igo to the length of doing such things竟做出这种事at length终于从根本上说（二）、转折even as 1、恰在……时，尽管Latin America is a classic example where outside the Uruguay round(even as they were negotiating the Uruguay round)rather than looking for payments, they were absolutely dropping their tariff levels all over Latin America.2、正如：It happened even as we expected.Even so,即使如此。
Even if（though）As forAs ofAs to the feasibility of landing a fly saucerFor all（尽管）its harshness and irrationality(不合理), it is the only world we’ve got.（三）、条件On the ground of: 以……为借口The government of Sudan resorted to flogging鞭子，鞭打protesters Tuesday as new bread riots shocked the capital Khartoum. The court ordered 35 people, most of them students, flogged for allegedly instigating鼓动violent protesters over bread shortages. Bakeshops refuse to bake bread on the ground of the new government regulation on the weight of loaf make bread unprofitable.按……考虑in the light of thein the shadow of adv. 在...附近除了…… ot her than:You can’t go there other than by boat = exceptI wish her other than she is. = anything but.注意：none other than表示不是别的，正是……，如The new arrival was none other than the president.来者不是别人，正是总统。
常用关联词8种关系
常用关联词8种关系关联词是指用来连接或者表达两个或多个不同概念、思想或者句子之间的语素。
在写作中，关联词是非常重要的，因为它们能够有效地帮助我们建立起句子之间的联系和逻辑关系，使文章更加连贯、流畅，让读者更容易理解和接受。
在关联词中，有一些是比较常用的，它们能够表达不同的关系，包括因果、对比、顺序、并列、转折、条件、总结和递进等关系。
下面我们将会详细讲解这8种关系，以及它们的常用词汇和使用方法。
一、因果关系因果关系，是指一个事件或者行为会导致另一个事件或者行为发生。
在文章中，我们需要使用因果关系连接词来表达这种关系，这样可以让读者更好地理解我们的观点和论证。
常用的因果关系连接词包括：1. 因为(because)：用于表达一个事件或者行为的原因，例如：因为天气太冷，他没有出门。
2. 所以(so) ：用于表达一个事件或者行为的结果，例如：我努力学习，所以我获得了好成绩。
3. 因此(therefore)：用于表达因果关系强烈的语气，例如：他的违法行为导致了不良的后果，因此他必须接受惩罚。
4. 由于(due to)：用于说明某个事情的具体原因，例如：由于交通拥堵，我迟到了10分钟。
5. 造成(cause)：用于说明某个事件或者行为会导致什么结果，例如：这场大雨造成了很多生产和生活上的困难。
二、对比关系对比关系是指两个或多个事物之间的区别和差异，这种关系可以用来表达观点的不同、优劣劣等，常用的对比关系连接词包括：1. 而(and)：用于表达两个以上事物之间的区别或者差异，例如：他聪明而勤奋，所以他很快就取得了好成绩。
2. 和(and)：用于表达两个事物之间的区别或者相似之处，例如：我的儿子和女儿长得很像。
3. 不仅…而且(not only...but also)：用于表达两个或以上事物之间的区别和相似之处，例如：他不仅聪明，而且勤奋，所以他在学校中表现得非常好。
4. 与…相比(in comparison)：常用于说明比较对象之间的差异和相似之处，例如：与他相比，我觉得我还有很多需要改进的地方。
写作文的连接词语文
写作文的连接词语文
定义：连词是用来连接词与词、词组与词组或句子与句子、表示某种逻辑关系的虚词.
连词可以表并列、承接、转折、因果、选择、假设、比较、让步等关系.
【并列连词】：有和、跟、与、同、及、而、况、况且、何况、乃至等.
【承接连词】：有则、乃、就、而、于是、至于、说到、此外、像、如、一般、比
方等.
【转折连词】：有却、但是、然而、而、偏偏、只是、不过、至于、致、不料、岂
知等.
【因果连词】：有原来、因为、由于、以便、因此、所以、是故、以致等.
【选择连词】：有或、抑、非…即、不是…就是等.
【假设连词】：有若、如果、若是、假如、假使、倘若、要是、譬如等.
【比较连词】：有像、好比、如同、似乎、等于；不如、不及；与其…不如、若…则、虽然…可是等.
【让步连词】：有虽然、固然、尽管、纵然、即使等.
成语中也有使用连词的情况，如：宁缺勿滥、三思而行、好整以暇
1立意鲜明，总领全文2交代背景，人物，定下全文感情基调.如果用名言，我奉告你最好在题记用名言，这样分会多些，写得是记叙文的话，在加上小标题会显得思路更加清晰，这样分也会多些.第一段如果引用名言后，第一段剩下的怎么写？引用名言后，你可
以添一个连接词：是呀，对呀之类的怎样能使举得例子生动呢？你可以多加些议论，情不够景来凑.例子前可描写景物渲染气氛！结尾怎么写？怎么与主题相呼应？你可以反复开
头的话（如果开头紧扣主题的话）这样会更突出中心！（以上纯属个人看法，多多指教
~~）。
感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。
常用逻辑关系词
1．因果关系过渡词语：〔因果〕…and so…; another important factor/reason…; as a consequence; as a result; as; because; because of; being that; consequently; due to; for the reason that; for the same reason; for;hence; adv.因此，所以；今后，从此for this reason; in consequence; in that…; in view of; owing to; since; so;…so that…; the reason seems obvious; there are about…; therefore; thus; obviously; evidently2．并列关系过渡词语：〔并列〕and; also; as well as; both…and…; either…or…; neither…nor…; not only…but also…; in the same way; too3．序列关系过渡词语：first…, second…, third…, and so forth; A…, B…, C…, and so forth; ne*t; then; following this; at the same time; now; at this point; after; afterwards; subsequently; finally; previously; before this; simultaneously; concurrently; thus; therefore; hence; ne*t; and then; soon4．递进关系过渡词语：〔递进〕accordingly; as a popular saying goes…; as far as…is concerned; at the same time; besides; even; further; furthermore; in addition; in order to…; in other words; in the first place…, in the second place…; in this way; meanwhile; moreover; not only…, but also…; not…but…; lastly; for one thing…, for another…5．时间关系过渡词语：afterwards; as soon as; at last; before; eventually; every; first; first of all; first and foremost; for a start; meanwhile; in the meantime; while; now; ne*t; not…until; later; formerly; previously; prior to; since then; since; subsequently; till; to begin with; to start with; when; then6．转折关系过渡词语：〔对立〕yet; but; unless; despite that; in spite of; though; although; although this may be true; even so; even though; however; sometimes; once in a while; independent of; reckless of; regardless of7．条件关系过渡词语：as long as; even if; even though; if it necessary; if not all; if possible; if so; if; lest; once; provided that; unless8．重复关系过渡词语：in brief; as I have said; as I have noted; as has been noted; as is mentioned above9．比拟关系过渡词语：apart from; by the same token; pared with; in parison with; in the same vein; like; likewise; rather than; similarly; similarly important; equally; when pared with; when in fact…10．举例关系过渡词语：a good e*ample would be; for e*ample; for instance; in this case; in another case; on this occasion; in this situation; take the case of; to demonstrate; to illustrate; according to; as an illustration; as for; as regards; as to; in particular; including; namely; notably; such as; like; take…as an e*ample; you may say…11．比照关系过渡词语：after all; as opposed to; balanced against; up against; vis a vis; where; conversely; on the one hand…on the other hand…; contrary to; conversely; unlike; different from this; however; in contrast; nevertheless; on the contrary; oppose to; whereas; while12．强调关系过渡词语：definitely; e*tremely; obviously; absolutely; positively; naturally; surprisingly; always; forever; perennially; eternally; emphatically; never; unquestionably; without a doubt; certainly; surely; undeniably; without reservation; believe it or not; especially; particularly; in particular; specifically; in fact; as a matter of fact; actually; in deed; moreover; not to mention…; what is more important; notably; that is13．总结关系过渡词语：accordingly; altogether; as a result; consequently; hence; in one word; in brief; in short; in other words; in summary; on the whole; in conclusion; overall; the conclusion can be safely drawn that…; therefore; to conclude; to sum up; summing up; as I have shown; as I have said; all in all考研写作常见单词替代公务书信尾段容１〕表示感：A My thanks to you for your generous assistance are beyond words.B Words fail me when I desire to e*press my sincere gratitude to you for your kind consideration my requirement/application/plaint.C I take the opportunity to show my heartfelt appreciation for your generous assistance you rendered me2) 期待回信：A i am looking forward to your reply.B I look forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.C your prompt attention to my ……. Would be highly appreciated. 私人书信写法第一段客套话+写作目的It is great to hear from you again.Nothing could have given me greater pleasure than to get news of you. You have no idea how happy I was to receive your letter.As to/with reference to /with regard to/as regards … ,引出写作目的第三段问候语+期待回信I look forward to hearing from you at your earlist concenience.Please bring my best wished to your family.I wish you good health and lots of happiness.I wish every success for your career/study in the future.私人书信写法第一段客套话+写作目的It is great to hear from you again.Nothing could have given me greater pleasure than to get news of you.You have no idea how happy I was to receive your letter.As to/with reference to /with regard to/as regards … ,引出写作目的第三段问候语+期待回信I look forward to hearing from you at your earlist concenience.Please bring my best wished to your family.I wish you good health and lots of happiness.I wish every success for your career/study in the future.1. important=crucial,critical significant essential vital2. mon=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to beeverywhere)4. difficult=formidable5. understand=discern6. all the time--continually, continuously, constantly, perpetually7. as a result—consequently、8. before--prior to9. begin—mence10. better—superior11. big--major, significant, substantial12. have--be equipped with, possess13. if--in the event of, in case(of)14. in the end--eventually, finally, ultimately15. know--be aware of, be conversant with, familiar with16. less and less--decreasing(ly)17. more and more –increasingly18. money--funding, funds, resources19. more and more—increasingly20. need--demand, require21. now--at present, at this juncture, at this moment, currently22. often--frequent(ly)23. quick(ly)--rapid(ly),prompt(ly)24. right--appropriate, correct, proper reasonable25. sharp--abrupt, drastic dramatic26. show--demonstrate, manifest reveal27. small--minor/insignificant (problems, differences etc),marginal(不重要的，微小的)28. too many--an e*cessive number of, a disproportionate number of29. too much--e*cessive(ly)30. about : regarding concerning involving relating to, with respect to, withreference to31. Famous: well-known famed, noted, renowned, enjoy a nation-wide/worldwide reputation/fame be widely acknowledged/known32. poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken1.individuals,characters, folks替换(people ,persons)2: positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising(有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , e*cellent, outstanding, superior替换good3:dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换bad如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换eg.An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation ,as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive.4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替换many.注：用many, if not most一定要小心，many后一定要有词。
常用的关联词有哪些
常用的关联词有哪些关联词是连接句子、段落或文章的重要工具，可以使文章更加连贯、流畅。
在写作中，我们需要运用各种关联词来展示事物之间的关系和逻辑。
本文将介绍一些常用的关联词及其使用情况。
1. 递进关联词递进关联词用于表示事物逐渐深入或递进的关系。
常见的递进关联词有：•而且：用于连接同类或相似的事物，表示进一步的增加或补充。
•同样：用于表示两个或多个事物具有相似的性质或特点。
•再者：用于表示接着前面所说的内容，继续陈述后续的相关内容。
•此外：用于表示除了前面所说的内容之外，还有其他相关的内容。
•更重要的是：用于表示前面所提到的内容相对于后面所提到的内容更加重要或关键。
例如： > 好的写作不仅要注意语法和拼写，而且还要注重句子结构和段落布局。
> > 他们同样热衷于户外运动，喜欢登山和骑行。
> > 有关该问题的调查结果显示了一些问题，再者，还需要详细分析调查数据。
> > 这个城市不仅冬季气温较低，夏季气温也很高。
此外，该地区还经常受到强风的影响。
> > 网络安全问题越来越严峻，更重要的是个人信息的泄露对个人隐私的侵害。
2. 转折关联词转折关联词用于表示前后两个事物之间的相反或对立关系。
常见的转折关联词有：•但是：用于引出相反的观点或情况，表示对前面的内容进行否定或限制。
•然而：用于引出与前面观点或情况相对立的内容，表示转折。
•尽管：用于表示虽然有一些不利因素存在，但仍然坚持原有观点或做法。
•虽然：用于引出对前面观点的限制或承认，但并不完全否定前面的内容。
•反而：用于表示对已有观点的否定，提出相反的观点。
例如： > 她平时喜欢户外运动，但是这次她选择在家休息。
> > 这个作品的前半部分节奏明快，然而后半部分却饱含深情。
> > 尽管受到了雨水的影响，但他还是去参加了户外活动。
> > 虽然这种药物有副作用，但是医生认为它的疗效更好。
关联词句子大全
关联词句子大全在写作中，使用恰当的关联词可以使句子之间逻辑关系更加紧密，让文章更加连贯流畅。
下面是一些常用的关联词及其用法，希望能够帮助大家写出更加优秀的文章。
一、因果关系。
1. 因为（since），表示原因，引导原因状语从句。
例如，因为下雨，所以比赛取消了。
2. 由于（because），也表示原因，引导原因状语从句。
例如，由于天气原因，航班延误了。
3. 所以（so），表示结果，引导结果状语从句。
例如，他学习很努力，所以考试成绩很好。
4. 因此（thus），也表示结果，引导结果状语从句。
例如，她很用功，因此成绩一直很好。
二、转折关系。
1. 但是（but），表示转折，引导转折关系的句子。
例如，他很聪明，但是懒惰。
2. 然而（however），也表示转折，引导转折关系的句子。
例如，他努力学习，然而成绩并不理想。
3. 尽管（although），表示让步，引导让步状语从句。
例如，尽管下雨，但他还是去了操场跑步。
4. 虽然（though），也表示让步，引导让步状语从句。
例如，虽然他很忙，但还是抽出时间去看望了奶奶。
三、并列关系。
1. 而且（and），表示并列关系，连接两个并列的句子。
例如，他学习努力，而且性格开朗。
2. 同时（meanwhile），表示时间上的并列关系，连接两个同时发生的动作。
例如，他在图书馆学习，同时还在思考生活的意义。
3. 不仅...而且...（not only...but also...），表示并列关系，连接两个并列的句子。
例如，他不仅学习成绩优秀，而且还是一名优秀的运动员。
四、递进关系。
1. 而且（furthermore），表示递进关系，引导递进的句子。
例如，他不仅学习成绩优秀，而且还是一名优秀的运动员。
2. 况且（besides），也表示递进关系，引导递进的句子。
例如，他学习成绩优秀，况且还是一名优秀的演员。
3. 甚至（even），表示更进一步的递进关系。
例如，他不仅会英语和法语，甚至还会一些拉丁文。
常见关联词积累
常见关联词积累一、并列关联词1. 不仅...而且...这是表达两个事物具有相同特点或者两个事物之间存在因果关系的常用关联词。
例如：他不仅聪明，而且勤奋。
2. 既...又...表示两个事物具有相同特点或者两个事物之间存在因果关系。
例如：他既聪明又勤奋。
3. 不但...而且...与“不仅...而且...”相似，用来表示两个事物具有相同的特点或者两个事物之间存在因果关系。
例如：他不但聪明，而且勤奋。
二、因果关联词1. 因此表示前面所述的事情是由于后面所述的情况导致的。
例如：他犯了一个错误，因此被批评了。
2. 所以与“因此”意义相似，表示前面所述的事情是由于后面所述的情况导致的。
例如：他犯了一个错误，所以被批评了。
3. 由于表示某个事物或者情况是由于另一个事物或者情况导致的。
例如：由于下雨，我没有去公园。
三、转折关联词1. 但是表示前后两个事物或者情况存在明显的对比或者转折。
例如：他很聪明，但是不够勤奋。
2. 然而与“但是”意义相似，表示前后两个事物或者情况存在转折关系。
例如：他很聪明，然而不够勤奋。
四、递进关联词1. 而且表示前面所述的事物或者情况进一步加强或者扩展。
例如：他很聪明，而且很勤奋。
2. 再者表示前面所述的事物或者情况进一步加强或者扩展。
例如：他很聪明，再者他很勤奋。
3. 此外表示除了前面所述的事物或者情况之外，还有其他的事物或者情况。
例如：他很聪明，此外他还很勤奋。
五、比较关联词1. 像...一样表示两个事物具有相同的特点或者特征。
例如：他像他的父亲一样聪明。
2. 与...相比表示与另一个事物进行比较，强调两者之间的差异或者相似之处。
例如：与他相比，她更加勤奋。
3. 和...相比较与“与...相比”意义相同，表示与另一个事物进行比较，强调两者之间的差异或者相似之处。
例如：和他相比较，她更加勤奋。
六、总结关联词1. 总之表示对前面所述的事物或者情况进行总结或者概括。
例如：他很聪明，很勤奋，总之是个优秀的学生。
作文常用逻辑关联词
1.表递进，强调除了，此外，而且(句首常用，句中，句尾均可)e.g. The house was out of our price range and too big anyway. Besides, I'd grownfond of our little rented house.(反正这个房子超出了我们的预算范围，而且也太大了。
再说，我已经渐渐喜欢上我们租的小房子了)You get to sample lots of baked things and take home masses of cookies besides.(你可以品尝许多烘烤食品，此外还能带许多饼干回家)I think she has many good qualities besides being very beautiful.(我觉得她除了非常漂亮之外，还有许多好的品质)另外(句首常用)e.g.All teachers are qualified to teach their native language. Additionally, weselect our teachers for their engaging personalities.(所有教师都具备教授其母语的资格。
另外，我们还根据富有魅力的个性来选择我们的教师)此外，而且(句首常用)e.g.Furthermore, they claim that any such interference is completelyineffective.(此外，他们声称任何此类干涉都是完全无效的)此外，而且(句首常用，较正式)e.g. She saw that there was indeed a man immediately behind her. Moreover, hewas observing her strangely.（她看到的确有个男人紧跟在她身后。
英语写作表逻辑关系的关联词
1.表顺承、补充与递进 表顺承、 表顺承
1.表顺承、补充与递进: 表顺承、补充与递进 表顺承 and; what’s more; besides; moreover; furthermore; in addition; additionally; further 而且，况且） （而且，况且）; similarly; also; either; too; what’s worse; on the one hand...，on the other ， hand...； to make matters/things worse(使事情 ； 使事情 更糟的是). 更糟的是 如：I don’t want to go; besides, I’m too tired. The rent is reasonable, and moreover, the location is perfect.
7.表时间 表时间
7.表时间 before; after; when; while; as; since; 表时间: 表时间 until; till; the week/year; by the time;; as soon as; the moment/minute/instant/second/time+句子 句子; 句子 no sooner…than…; hardly/scarcely…when…; on/upon+名词 动名词; ever since（从那时以 名词/动名词 （ 名词 动名词 来）; from then on; lately; recently; later; afterwards;
9. 换一种方式表达
9. 换一种方式表达：in other words; that is to 换一种方式表达： say; to put it another way. Eg: Let’s go back to the original plan, that is to say, you go ahead by plane and we’ll follow by car with the equipment. Your performance in the exam didn’t reach the required standard— in other words, you failed.
考研英语作文写作逻辑衔接词
考研英语作文写作逻辑衔接词英语写作讲究逻辑，英语作文如果衔接的不好的话，我们的考研写作就落了下乘了。
下面是店铺给大家整理的考研英语作文写作逻辑衔接词，供大家参阅!考研英语作文写作逻辑衔接词表示对照：but，still，yet，however，on the other hand，on the contrary，in spite of，even though等。
表示结果和原因：because，since，so，as a result，therefore，hence，thus，otherwise等。
表示目的：for this reason，for this purpose，so that等。
表示强调：in fact，indeed，surely，necessarily，certainly，without any doubt，truly，to repeat，above all，most important等。
表示解释说明：for example，in fact，in this case，for actually表示总结：finally，at last，in conclusion，as I have shown，in other words，in brief，in short，in general，on the whole，as has been stated表对比whereas, while, as opposed to, by contrast, by comparison, on the contrary, oppositely, but, yet表示时间:in general, every, some, sometimes, after, on the whole, usually, most, at other times, in most cases, frequently, main, finally, as a rule, rarely, before, meanwhile表举例 for example ，to name a few, say , such as，to list but a few, for instance表递进in addition, furthermore ,what’s more, what’s worse, additionally表示转折:although, instead, rather than, but, nevertheless, though, however, on the other hand, otherwise表示时间顺序：now，then，before，after，afterwards，earlier，later，immediately，soon，next，in a few days，gradually，suddenly，finally表示空间顺序：near(to)，far(from)，in front of，behind，beside，beyond，above，below，to the right (left)，around，outside这些词或短语起到一个衔接和过渡的作用，使句子间的句子关系更富有逻辑性。
作文写作逻辑连接词大全
作文写作逻辑连接词大全作文写作中，逻辑连接词是非常重要的元素，它们能够帮助我们有效地组织思路，使文章内容更加连贯流畅。
下面是一份作文写作逻辑连接词大全供您参考。
1. 表示并列关系的连接词并列关系的连接词可以用于列举相同或者相似的事物、观点、原因等。
(1) 以及、和、而且、又、再、同样地、加之、不仅…而且、不但…而且例句：爱护动物是我们每个人的责任，而且保护动物也是保护整个生态环境的需要。
(2) 与其…不如、或、或者、要么、要是、不论…还是、不是…就是例句：与其等待机会，不如我们自己争取成功。
2. 表示因果关系的连接词因果关系的连接词可以用于表达原因、结果以及影响等。
(1) 因为、由于、既然、所以、因此、是因为例句：由于缺乏锻炼，他的身体变得越来越虚弱。
(2) 以致、结果、导致、造成、以便、因而、以至于、致使、所以、以免例句：学习时要专心致志，以便取得好的成绩。
3. 表示转折关系的连接词转折关系的连接词用于表示相反、对比、限制等关系。
(1) 但是、然而、可是、却、与其…不如、虽然…但是、尽管、反而例句：虽然天气很冷，但是他还是出门锻炼了。
(2) 相反、与…相比、相反地、然而、却、不过、至于、即使例句：他兄弟擅长音乐，而他自己对音乐没有兴趣。
4. 表示比较关系的连接词比较关系的连接词可以用于对比、举例、观点相似等情况。
(1) 与…相比、与其…不如、与其说…不如说、正如、好比、就像、一样例句：与其说他是个老师，不如说他是一个朋友。
(2) 类似、相似、同样、类似于、比如、例如、举例来说、就拿…来说例句：比如，作文写作就是需要一些技巧和经验的。
5. 表示递进关系的连接词递进关系的连接词可以用于表示递进和扩展。
(1) 而且、并且、不仅…而且、不但…而且、除了…以外、而且、加之例句：他不但学习成绩优秀，而且在课外活动中也非常积极。
(2) 更重要的是、更进一步、除此之外、甚至、何况、尤其是、反倒例句：更重要的是，我们应该关注学生的综合发展，而不仅仅是学习成绩。
常用关联词8种关系
常用关联词8种关系在我们日常的语言表达和写作中，关联词起到了至关重要的作用。
它们能够帮助我们更清晰地表达思想，使语句之间的逻辑关系更加紧密和明确。
常用的关联词大致可以分为 8 种关系，分别是并列关系、递进关系、选择关系、转折关系、因果关系、假设关系、条件关系和承接关系。
首先，我们来谈谈并列关系的关联词。
这类关联词常用于连接两个或多个同等重要、地位相同的成分。
比如“一边……一边……”“既……又……”“不是……而是……”等等。
当我们说“他一边唱歌，一边跳舞”时，“唱歌”和“跳舞”这两个动作是同时进行的，没有主次之分。
再比如“他既聪明又勤奋”，“聪明”和“勤奋”都是对“他”的正面描述，二者同等重要。
“不是我不想去，而是我没时间”，则清晰地表明了“不想去”和“没时间”这两个原因的并列存在。
接下来是递进关系的关联词。
它们用于强调后一个成分比前一个成分更进一层。
常见的有“不但……而且……”“不仅……还……”“……甚至……”等。
“他不但学习好，而且品德高尚”，这里“品德高尚”在“学习好”的基础上更进一步展现了他的优秀。
“她不仅会唱歌，还会跳舞，甚至还会弹钢琴”，通过“甚至”，我们能明显感受到后面的“弹钢琴”这一才艺比前面的“唱歌”“跳舞”更具难度，更突出了她的多才多艺。
选择关系的关联词则让我们在两个或多个选项中进行抉择。
像“要么……要么……”“或者……或者……”“不是……就是……”等。
“要么你去，要么我去”，表明了只能在“你”和“我”之间做出一个选择。
“周末或者在家休息，或者出去游玩”，给了“在家休息”和“出去游玩”这两种不同的周末安排选项。
转折关系的关联词会让前后的意思发生一定的转变。
“虽然……但是……”“尽管……可是……”“……然而……”等是这类关系的常见关联词。
“虽然今天下雨了，但是我们仍然按时出发”，“下雨”本来可能会影响行程，但“仍然按时出发”却与前面的情况形成了转折。
“尽管他努力了，可是成绩还是不理想”，努力与不理想的结果形成了鲜明的对比。
逻辑连接词(高一)高考精选带详解
逻辑连接词(高一)高考精选带详解
逻辑连接词是表示语篇逻辑关系的词汇，在各种书面语表达中经常被使用。
逻辑连接
词可构成平行、转折、因果三类文言语篇结构，是衡量考生作文能力与水平的重要指标。
一、平行连接词
平行连接词表示两个意义基本相同、逻辑表达彼此对等的观点，主要有“既…又…”、“不但…而且… ”、“不是…就是…”、“或者…或者…”等。
这类连接词能够组织良
好的平行句子，实现正确的文言律言的表达。
二、转折连接词
转折连接词表示后面的句子或观点与前面的形成转折关系，有“但是”、“可是”、“然而”、“不过”等。
这类连接词能够对比形象、把握方向，有助于论述文章的论点。
三、因果连接词
因果连接词表示两个句子之间存在因果关系，主要有“因为”、“由于”、“所以”、“以是”、“以至”等。
这类词语能够表达合乎逻辑的因果关系，有利于提升文章的条理
性与逻辑性。
四、综合运用
考生如何在书面语中灵活运用这些连接词，能够显著提高文章中表达的表达能力与准
确性，如：在写作时再三利用逻辑连接词的辩证思想，实现文辞的层次性，使文章的思路
深入清晰，使协调和共鸣丰富，从而使文章表现出结构完整、条理性强等特点；此外，用
典型的文言句式，把好它们之间的联系，也能起到极为明显的作用。
总之，要使用逻辑连接词，需要尊重字面意义，遵守语境传递的内涵，注意表达的完
整性和准确性，力求文章文辞流畅、语言优雅，书写精美佳作。
申论作文逻辑衔接词
申论作文逻辑衔接词
在组织申论作文时，逻辑衔接词能够帮助文章结构更加连贯，让内容更加通顺流畅。
下面给出一些常用的逻辑衔接词及其使用场景，以供参考：
1. 表示因果关系：因此、由于、导致、所以、因为、由此可见、以致、原因在于、是…的结果等。
【例句】由于科技的迅猛发展，人们的生活方式发生了巨大的变化。
2. 表示递进关系：而且、不仅如此、此外、除此之外、更重要的是、同样地、进一步等。
【例句】科技的迅猛发展不仅提高了人们的生活质量，而且促进了社会的进步。
3. 表示对比关系：虽然、但是、然而、与此同时、相反地、相比之下等。
【例句】虽然科技的发展给人们带来了很多便利，但同时也给环境带来了许多问题。
4. 表示举例说明：例如、比如、譬如、以…为例、具体来说等。
【例句】例如，人工智能的应用已经渗透到各个行业，使得工作效率得到了极大的提升。
5. 表示总结归纳：总而言之、简言之、综上所述、总结起来等。
【例句】综上所述，科技的发展对人们的生活产生了深远的影响。
以上仅是一些常用的逻辑衔接词，实际写作中可以根据具体情况选择合适的词语以保证文章的连贯性和逻辑性。
值得注意的是，应该避免在文章中重复使用相同的标题或主题词，以免显得单调和缺乏创造力。
写作文的逻辑联结词
写作文的逻辑联结词从字面来看，【仅当】和【当且仅当】似乎是同义词，但其实二者是有本质区别的。
【当且仅当】叫做“双条件”联结词，表示两个分支互为充要条件。
由它联结的两个分支是没有“顺序”之说的，也就不分前件、后件了。
【仅当】：从表面上看，它包含“当”字，似乎应该表示可以从M推出P，即M是P的充分条件；但事实恰好相反，这个词真正强调的是“仅”字——即强调的是M的“必要性”。
命题：①：P，仅当M;所表达是真正含义是：只有在（即“仅当”）M为真的情况下，“才有可能”使P为真；所以，M其实是P的“必要条件”。
所以，P确实是前件，而M则是后件。
——前件总是后件的充分条件；而后件总是前件的必要条件。
这一点应该没疑问吧？命题①有几种等价形式，你可以对比着理解：②：仅当M（时），（有）P;③：只有M，才（可能）有P;④：非P，除非M;⑤：若P，则（说明一定已经有了）M;【完备集】本身的概念并不难理1、它是一个集合；2、它的元素都是一些【逻辑联结词】；3、它所包含的逻辑连接词，是【足够多】的：足以用来【表示或等价表示】所有的【命题公式】；要想严格证明一个【逻辑联结词的集合】是不是【完备集】并不容易，首先如何穷尽【所有的命题公式】就是一大难题.我们先不考虑这个问题.现在首先是要对【完备集】有一个概念上的认识.一个最能说明【完备集】本质的性质就是：所有不包含在该【完备集】内的【逻辑联结词】，都可以用本【完备集】内的【逻辑联结词】等价地表示出来. 举个例子，{¬，∧}就是一个【完备集】；我们就用它的两个联结词表示其他的常见联结词：∨：p∨q=¬¬（p∨q）=¬（¬p∧¬q）；→：p→q=¬p∨q=¬（p∧¬q）；↔：p↔q=(p→q)∧（q→p）=（¬（p∧¬q））∧（¬（q∧¬p）);。
感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。
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1.表递进，强调除了，此外，而且(句首常用，句中，句尾均可)e.g. The house was out of our price range and too big anyway. Besides, I'd grownfond of our little rented house.(反正这个房子超出了我们的预算范围，而且也太大了。
再说，我已经渐渐喜欢上我们租的小房子了)You get to sample lots of baked things and take home masses of cookies besides.(你可以品尝许多烘烤食品，此外还能带许多饼干回家)I think she has many good qualities besides being very beautiful.(我觉得她除了非常漂亮之外，还有许多好的品质)另外(句首常用)e.g.All teachers are qualified to teach their native language. Additionally, weselect our teachers for their engaging personalities.(所有教师都具备教授其母语的资格。
另外，我们还根据富有魅力的个性来选择我们的教师)此外，而且(句首常用)e.g.Furthermore, they claim that any such interference is completelyineffective.(此外，他们声称任何此类干涉都是完全无效的)此外，而且(句首常用，较正式)e.g. She saw that there was indeed a man immediately behind her. Moreover, hewas observing her strangely.（她看到的确有个男人紧跟在她身后。
而且，他还在怪异地观察着她）尤其，特别(句首，中，尾均可)e.g.In particular, it is struggling to find a growth strategy that will enthusedisgruntled shareholders.Mid-sized companies in particular have added lots of new jobs to fulfill industrial orders.尤其，首先（常放句首）e.g.Above all, he is a good administrator in picking able assistants and laborers.(更重要的是他还是一个优秀的行政管理人员，善于挑选能干的助手和劳动力)2. 表时间先后在…之前（放在名词或名词性短语前）e.g. Hopefully an inter-laboratory standards program will be established prior tofurther studies.（在进一步研究之前，可望建立起实验室之间的标准规划）先前地，之前e.g. Guyana's railways were previously owned by private companies.(圭亚那的铁路先前为私营公司所拥有)He had first entered the House 12 years previously.(他12年前首次进入了众议院)在过去，以前，从前e.g. He had formerly been in the navy.(他以前在海军服役)目前（也可单独放句首）e.g. She is presently developing a number of projects.(她目前在开发好几个项目)目前，暂时，眼下（单词简单又凑字数，最好记到）e.g.For the time being, we will have to use this tool. (就目前来说，我们将不得利用这一工具)Comrade Yang will be in charge of that work for the time being. (杨同志将暂时负责那项工作)同时地e.g.Simultaneously, brilliant and daring sabotage operations were carried out byGreek agents against Axis shipping in the Piraeus. (同时，在比雷埃夫斯，希腊地下工作人员进行出色而英勇的怠工行动来阻挠轴心国的航运)偶尔地，有时e.g. He could occasionally look at her. (他可以时不时地看她一眼)Occasionally we have come up with some moneymaking ideas. (我们有时还出一些赚钱的点子)与此同时，在此期间e.g.In the meantime we pressed on with the airlift. (与此同时，我们加紧进行空运)同时e.g.You needn't worry; I'll be ready to greet them. Meanwhile, I'm off todiscuss the Fowler's party with Felix.(你不用担心；我会做好准备迎接他们的。
在此期间，我会去和费利克斯商量在福勒家聚会的事情)后来，然后e.g. We redeemed the neglect afterwards. (后来我们补偿了这个疏忽)Afterwards she goes to the butcher's and asks for some dog-meat. (然后，她又到肉铺去要点儿狗吃的肉)从那以后e.g. He has been studying hard since then. (从那以后，他学习一直很努力)Since then,the industry has never looked back. (从此以后工业便不断的进步)之后，以后e.g. The salary was ten dollars for the first week and twelve thereafter. (薪水是第一个星期十元，以后十二元)Thereafter he turned into a tiredless advocate of negotiations. (从此以后，他变成一个不屈不挠地鼓吹谈判的人)后来e.g. I'm busy now but I'll do it later on. (我现在很忙，这事我以后再做)Later on she stopped leading a vicious life. (后来,她不再过堕落的生活了)随后，后来e.g. Still he learnt something, by which he was to profit subsequently. (他仍然学到了一些东西，他将来会从中得益的)Subsequently, Thomson withdrew from the company at a substantial loss. (后来，汤姆森退出该公司，损失惨重)2.表对比与…相反e.g.As opposed to gas-liquid systems, there is an interchange of gas betweenbubble and continuous phase in fluidized beds.(与气-液系统不同的是，在流化床中气泡和连续相之间有气体交换)They are the basis of unconditional prophecies, as opposed to conditionalscientific predictions. (它们是无条件预言的根据，而不是有条件的科学预测)相比之下，与…相反e.g.In contrast to their pessimism, I myself was feeling a remarkable euphoria.(与他们的悲观情绪相反，我却感到异常欣快)相反，相比之下e.g.By contrast, advocates of greater growth sometimes argue. (相反，赞成提高增长速度的人有时不这样认为)She seems prettier by contrast with her sister. (她与她妹妹相比似乎更美些)与…相反e.g.Contrary to what people think, I don't get dirty on the job. (完全与人们想像不一样的是干这活并没有把我身上弄脏)This is contrary to actual observation. （这种情况与实际观测恰恰相反）（同上，通常放句首）e.g.By comparison, trips by sea offer a great variety of civilized comforts. （相比较而言，海上旅行可提供各种文明的舒适条件）同上反之，与此相反(较正式)e.g.Conversely, to be genuinely open, a society must be maintained with a fair andjust rule of law along with strict discipline. (相反的，一个真正开放的社会，必须要有公平的法治与严格的纪律)同样地，也e.g. Paul always finishes his work - you should do likewise. (保罗总是能完成他的工作，你应该也一样)Likewise, if you idle around doing nothing, your mind will become dull. (同样地，如果你游手好闲无所事事，那么你的心智就会变得很迟钝)否则，另外，在其他方面e.g. Make a note of the questions you want to ask; you will invariably forget someof them otherwise. (把你想问的问题记下来；否则你准会忘记其中几个)I'm lucky that I'm interested in school work, otherwise I'd go crazy. (幸好我对学校作业还感兴趣，不然会疯的)Otherwise she was at the end of the road. (除此以外她也是山穷水尽了)3.表原因较正式): 因此(= for this reason), 此后e.g. It is very late; hence you must go to bed. (时间已经很晚了，因此你必须睡觉去)由于，因为，归功于，幸亏(后跟名词或名词性短语)e.g.Owing to the help from his comrades, he has made rapid progress. (由于同志们的帮助, 他进步很快)e.g. Her success was in part due to luck. (她的成功一部分是由于运气)由于，凭借e.g. He claim a pension in virtue of his long illness. (由於长期生病，他申请救助金)由…引起，起因于e.g. It is difficult to foresee the consequences that may arise from this action.(预见这一行动可能产生的后果是困难的)This problem arises out of our earlier decision. (这个问题是由于我们早先的决定而产生的)由于，因为e.g.On account of his extravagance he was plunged into heavy debt. (由于挥霍浪费，他负债累累)鉴于，考虑到，由于e.g. In view of the present situation, we'll have to revise our original plan. (鉴于目前的情况，我们不得不修改原来的计划)In view of this, we'll start earlier. （考虑到这点,我们将提早开始）I couldn't go to London in view of the train strike. （由于铁路罢工，我未能前往伦敦）5. 表让步转折尽管如此（in spite of this）e.g.For all this his anger it not turned away, but his hands stretched out still. (尽管如此，他依旧怒气冲冲伸出手来)尽管，虽然不管，无论e.g. Everyone is welcome, regardless of age or sex. (欢迎大家, 无论男女老幼一律欢迎)The idea is a good one irrespective of who may have submitted it. (不论是谁提出的,那是个好主意)即使这样e.g. Here is not the most exciting of places, but even so I was having a good time然后，反之e.g. You treat the matter lightly, whereas I myself was never more serious.无论如何，在任何情况下，不管怎样,总之e.g.In any case, this was a matter for debate, not for war. (不管怎样，这是一个可以争辩的问题，不是一个需要用战争解决的问题)6. 其他一个很好的例子e.g. The “green revolution” in agriculture is a case in point.即，那就是e.g. The railroad connects two cities, namely, New York and Chicago. (铁路连接了两个城市，即纽约与芝加哥)涉及，关系e.g. He is not concerned with the difficulties of the factory at all. (他对工厂的困难毫不关心)Chapter 16 will be concerned with interpretation and geological applications of the data. (第十六章是关于资料的解释及地质应用)…至于，就…而言毕竟本质上，其实，大体上e.g. What is, in essence, the Jorda Effect? (从本质上说，究竟什么是乔丹效应)归结为…, 意味着，结果是e.g. Most of the crimes may boil down to a question of money. （大多数犯罪归结起来可以说都是金钱问题）总体上通常极其重要的，关键的e.g. Time will be of the essence during negotiations. (在谈判中时间是至关重要的)在这/那点上关于，至于，就…而言，在…方面。