化合物的英文命名方法大全

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化合物英文命名2011.4

1)2-butynoic acid 2)pentenedioic acid 3)propanoic acid 4)propyl propanoate 1)methyl benzenesulfonate 苯磺酸甲酯 2)mercuric sulfate 磺酸汞 3)Ag2O disilver monoxide 一氧化二银 4)aluminum hydroxide 氢氧化铝 5)acid potassium sulfate 酸式硫酸钾 6)nitric acid 硝酸 7)sodium pyrosulfate 焦硫酸钠
1)o-xylene 2)ethylbenzene 3)（E）-1,2diphenylethene (E)-1，2-二苯乙烯
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9)
m-xylene, 1,3-dimethylbenzene 2，4-dinitro-fluorobenzene carbon tetrachloride propanetriol (glycerol) triphenylmethanol 1,3,5-benzenetriol (1,3,5,trihydroxybenzene) C2H5OCH=CH2 ethoxyethene 乙氧基乙烯 ethyl vinyl ether 乙基乙烯基醚 methoxypropane (methyl propyl ether) phenylethanal (phenylacetaldehyde) phenylmethanal (benzaldehyde)
hepta庚 octa辛 octyl 辛基
酚-OH 芳香基词去yl + ol phenyl苯基 phenol 苯酚
பைடு நூலகம்
醚 ROR’ 烃氧基+母体烃氧基=烃基yl去掉+oxy methoxymethane 二甲醚

完整版化合物英文命名规则

Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds无机化合物的命名（Prefix词头,前缀Suffix词尾,后缀Stem词根）1.Trivial Names俗名H2O water不说dihydrogen oxideNH3 ammonia不说nitrogen trihydrideCaO quicklimeCaCO3 limestone2.Systematic Nomenclature系统命名1)Oxide氧化物——先命名非氧元素ZnOzinc oxideCaO calcium oxideCO carbon oxideNa2O2 sodium peroxideH2O2hydrogen peroxide 注：peroxide过氧化物2)Hydroxide氢氧化物（base碱）Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxideKOH potassium hydroxide3)Acid酸Hydro acid氢酸General formula通式:HnX 命名：hydro- + stem of X + -ic acid H2S hydrosulfuric acid(英) hydrosulphuric(美) 氢硫酸S:sulfur(英)、sulphur(美) HBr 氢溴酸hydrobromic acidBr: bromine HCl 氢氯酸(盐酸)hydrochloric acidCl: chlorine HF 氢氟酸hydrofluoric acidF: fluorineOxoacid or Oxyacid含氧酸General formula通式:HnXOm 命名：Stem of X + -ic acid 注：oxo-(oxy-) 含氧, 氧代H2SO4 sulfuric acid(英) sulphuric acid(美)H2CO3 carbonic acidH3PO4 phosphoric acid P: phosphorus H3BO3 boric acid B: boron HNO3 nitric acid N: nitrogenIf X has two oxidation states：-ic：the higher oxidation state-ous：the lower oxidation stateH2SO4 sulfuric acidH2SO3 sulfurous acid1/5HNO3 nitric acidHNO2 nitrous acidIf X (such as halogens) has more than two oxidation states：halogen卤素per- (过，高) + -ic：the still higher oxidation statehypo- (次,在?下) + -ous：the still lower oxidation stateHClO3 chloric acidHClO2 chlorous acidHClO4 perchloric acidHClO hypochlorous acidHIO hypoiodous acid4)Salt盐General formula通式:MnXm 命名：Name of M stem of X + -ide（-ide?化物）Oxide、chloride、nitride、hydrideKI potassium iodideAl2S3 aluminum sulfideLiH lithium hydrideOxysalt含氧酸盐Name the metal ion first and then the anionNaming anions:-ate anions derived from the -ic acid(the higher oxidation state of X)-ite anions derived from the -ous acid (the lower oxidation state of X)HNO3 nitric acidNaNO3 sodium nitrateHNO2 nitrous acidNaNO2 sodium nitriteSO42- sulfateSO32- sulfiteAgClO4 silver perchlorateNaIO3 sodium iodateKClO2 potassium chloriteKBrO potassium hypobromiteMnO42- manganateMnO4- permanganateAcid salt 酸式盐Using “hydrogen”to specify “H”NaHSO4 sodium hydrogen sulfateNaH2PO4 sodium dihydrogen phosphateNa2HPO4 disodium hydrogen phosphate P: phosphorus phosphate磷酸盐(根) Using prefix bi- + name of anion if only one acid salt existsNaHSO4 sodium bisulfateNaHSO3 sodium bisulfiteKHCO3 potassium bicarbonate5)Metals（M）with more than one oxidation state2/5Two methods:①后缀法: 早期使用stem of M + -ic the higher oxidation state of Mstem of M + -ous the lower oxidation state of MHgI2 mercuric iodideHg2I2 mercurous iodide Hg:mercury Cr2+ chromousCr3+ chromic Cr: chromium注：In most cases, Latin stem is used if the metal has symbol derived from itsLatin name.(mercury is an exception))英),copper (拉丁Cu:cuprum (Cu+ cuprousCu2+ cupricCuI cuprous iodideCuS cupric sulfideSn:stannum (拉丁), tin (英)SnCl2 stannous chlorideSnO2 stannic oxideFe:ferrum (拉丁), iron (英)Fe(OH)2 ferrous hydroxideFeBr3 ferric bromide②IUPAC Rule 1957年开始使用English name of metal(Roman numeral)CuBr copper(I) bromideCuF2 copper(II) fluorideSnO tin(II) oxideSnS2 tin(IV) sulfideFe(NO3)2 iron(II) nitrateFe2(SO4)3 iron(III) sulfateUse Greek prefixes希腊文前缀Mon（o）一di二tri三tetr（a）四pent（a）五hex（a）六hepta七octa八nona九1．to specify the number of each atom in the chemical formula.NO2 nitrogen dioxidePCl5 phosphorus pentachlorideCO2 carbon dioxide2．to specify the number of identical central atoms in condensed acids and their corresponding anions.condensed acid缩酸H3PO4 (mono)phosphoric acidH4P2O7 diphosphoric acid3/5H2SO4 sulfuric acidH2S3O10 trisulfuric acidCrO42-铬酸盐(根) chromateCr2O72-重铬酸盐(根)dichromate3. to indicate extent of substitutionPO43- phosphatePS2O23- dithiophosphate thio-硫代?,硫的,含硫的注：The prefixes ortho- and meta- have been used to distinguish acids differingin the “content of water.”ortho- [希腊词头] 正、原（无机酸用）邻（位）（有机化合物命名）meta- [希腊词头] 偏（无机酸用）间（位）（有机化合物命名）ortho-acid 原酸；meta-acid 偏酸H3BO3 orthoboric acid(or boric acid)（原）硼酸偏硼酸(HBO3)n metaboric acidH4SiO4 orthosilicic acid(or silicic acid)原硅酸H2SiO3 metasilicic acid 硅酸（习惯上不叫偏硅酸）H3PO4 orthophosphoric acid (or phosphoric acid)（正）磷酸偏磷酸(HPO3)n metaphosphoric acid。

(完整版)化合物英文命名规则

Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds无机化合物的命名（Prefix词头,前缀Suffix词尾,后缀Stem词根）1.Trivial Names俗名H2O water不说dihydrogen oxideNH3 ammonia不说nitrogen trihydrideCaO quicklimeCaCO3 limestone2.Systematic Nomenclature系统命名1)Oxide氧化物——先命名非氧元素ZnOzinc oxideCaO calcium oxideCO carbon oxideNa2O2 sodium peroxideH2O2hydrogen peroxide 注：peroxide过氧化物2)Hydroxide氢氧化物（base碱）Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxideKOH potassium hydroxide3)Acid酸Hydro acid氢酸General formula通式:HnX 命名：hydro- + stem of X + -ic acid H2S hydrosulfuric acid(英) hydrosulphuric(美) 氢硫酸S:sulfur(英)、sulphur(美) HBr 氢溴酸hydrobromic acidBr: bromine HCl 氢氯酸(盐酸)hydrochloric acidCl: chlorine HF 氢氟酸hydrofluoric acidF: fluorineOxoacid or Oxyacid含氧酸General formula通式:HnXOm 命名：Stem of X + -ic acid 注：oxo- (oxy-) 含氧, 氧代H2SO4 sulfuric acid(英) sulphuric acid(美)H2CO3 carbonic acidH3PO4 phosphoric acid P: phosphorus H3BO3 boric acid B: boron HNO3 nitric acid N: nitrogen If X has two oxidation states：-ic：the higher oxidation state-ous：the lower oxidation stateH2SO4 sulfuric acidH2SO3 sulfurous acid1/5HNO3 nitric acidHNO2 nitrous acidIf X (such as halogens) has more than two oxidation states：halogen卤素per- (过，高) + -ic：the still higher oxidation statehypo- (次,在…下) + -ous：the still lower oxidation stateHClO3 chloric acidHClO2 chlorous acidHClO4 perchloric acidHClO hypochlorous acidHIO hypoiodous acid4)Salt盐General formula通式:MnXm 命名：Name of M stem of X + -ide（-ide…化物）Oxide、chloride、nitride、hydrideKI potassium iodideAl2S3 aluminum sulfideLiH lithium hydrideOxysalt含氧酸盐Name the metal ion first and then the anionNaming anions:-ate anions derived from the -ic acid(the higher oxidation state of X)-ite anions derived from the -ous acid (the lower oxidation state of X)HNO3 nitric acidNaNO3 sodium nitrateHNO2 nitrous acidNaNO2 sodium nitriteSO42- sulfateSO32- sulfiteAgClO4 silver perchlorateNaIO3 sodium iodateKClO2 potassium chloriteKBrO potassium hypobromiteMnO42- manganateMnO4- permanganateAcid salt 酸式盐Using “hydrogen” to specify “H”NaHSO4 sodium hydrogen sulfateNaH2PO4 sodium dihydrogen phosphateNa2HPO4 disodium hydrogen phosphate P: phosphorus phosphate磷酸盐(根) Using prefix bi- + name of anion if only one acid salt existsNaHSO4 sodium bisulfateNaHSO3 sodium bisulfiteKHCO3 potassium bicarbonate5)Metals（M）with more than one oxidation state2/5Two methods:①后缀法: 早期使用stem of M + -ic the higher oxidation state of Mstem of M + -ous the lower oxidation state of MHgI2 mercuric iodideHg2I2 mercurous iodide Hg:mercury Cr2+ chromousCr3+ chromic Cr: chromium注：In most cases, Latin stem is used if the metal has symbol derived from itsLatin name.(mercury is an exception)Cu:cuprum (拉丁),copper (英)Cu+ cuprousCu2+ cupricCuI cuprous iodideCuS cupric sulfideSn:stannum (拉丁), tin (英)SnCl2 stannous chlorideSnO2 stannic oxideFe:ferrum (拉丁), iron (英)Fe(OH)2 ferrous hydroxideFeBr3 ferric bromide②IUPAC Rule 1957年开始使用English name of metal(Roman numeral)CuBr copper(I) bromideCuF2 copper(II) fluorideSnO tin(II) oxideSnS2 tin(IV) sulfideFe(NO3)2 iron(II) nitrateFe2(SO4)3 iron(III) sulfateUse Greek prefixes希腊文前缀Mon（o）一di二tri三tetr（a）四pent（a）五hex（a）六hepta七octa八nona九1．to specify the number of each atom in the chemical formula.NO2 nitrogen dioxidePCl5 phosphorus pentachlorideCO2 carbon dioxide2．to specify the number of identical central atoms in condensed acids and their corresponding anions.condensed acid缩酸H3PO4 (mono)phosphoric acidH4P2O7 diphosphoric acid3/5H2SO4 sulfuric acidH2S3O10 trisulfuric acidCrO42- 铬酸盐(根) chromateCr2O72- 重铬酸盐(根)dichromate3. to indicate extent of substitutionPO43- phosphatePS2O23- dithiophosphate thio-硫代…,硫的,含硫的注：The prefixes ortho- and meta- have been used to distinguish acids differingin the “content of water.”ortho- [希腊词头] 正、原（无机酸用）邻（位）（有机化合物命名）meta- [希腊词头] 偏（无机酸用）间（位）（有机化合物命名）ortho-acid 原酸；meta-acid 偏酸H3BO3 orthoboric acid(or boric acid)（原）硼酸(HBO3)n metaboric acid偏硼酸H4SiO4 orthosilicic acid(or silicic acid)原硅酸H2SiO3 metasilicic acid 硅酸（习惯上不叫偏硅酸）H3PO4 orthophosphoric acid (or phosphoric acid)（正）磷酸(HPO3)n metaphosphoric acid 偏磷酸。

化学中化合物的英文命名

Mn2+ Manganese(II)
8
对于有变价的金属元素，除了可用前缀来表示以外，更多采用罗马数字来表示金属的氧化态，或用后缀-ous表示低价，-ic 表示高价。
如
FeO: iron(II) oxide 或 ferrous oxide
Fe2O3: iron (III) oxide或ferric oxide
For example:
Cl- Chloride
Br- Bromide I- Iodide S= Sulfide
O= Oxide
OH- Hydroxide CN- Cyanide H- Hydride
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2. Polyatomic oxyanions
(1). Acid radicals for normal salt (正酸根 -ate )
Anion’s name = Per-central Element’s root -ate
for example:
ClO4IO4MnO4-
Perchlorate Periodate Permanganate
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Naming compounds
1. Metal oxide
Metal oxide = Cation + oxide
Anion’s name = Central Element’s root ate
for example:
ClO3- Chlorate PO43- Phosphate SO42- Sulfate
IO3- Iodate NO3- Nitrate CO32- Carbonate
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(2). Acid radicals for meta-salts (亚酸根 -ite )

应用化学专业英语 -化合物命名

化合物的英语命名 Nomenclature of compounds
樊海梅
LOGO
有机化合物的命名
链烃
饱和烃：烷烃不饱和烃：烯烃，炔烃脂环烃芳香烃
烃
有机物
环烃
卤代烃
烃的衍生物
醇
含氧衍生物
酚醛酮羧酸
酯等
烷烃(alkanes) 直链烷烃：英文名称除了含1到4个碳原子以外，其余均用希腊
90 alkane:nonacontane
100 alkane:hectane
含支链烷烃和烷基烷基：只需要把烷烃的后缀ane换成-yl加在相应烷烃的字首后如：CH3- methyl CH3-CH2- ethyl CH3-(CH2)9-CH2 undecyl
还有一些烷基也可以在相应的烃名前加iso-(异)、sec-仲、tert-叔、
和拉丁文的数词加上相应的词尾来命名(烷烃:ane;烯烃: ene;炔烃:yne),10个碳原子以上的则在数词前加前缀un、do、 tri、 tetra、 penta等。例如：甲烷：methane 乙烷：ethane 丙烷：propane 丁烷：butane 庚烷：heptane 癸烷：decane 具体来说：11~19：数字前缀-decane 十一烷：undecane 十二烷：dodecane 十三烷：tridecane 十四烷：tetradecane 戊烷：pentane 己烷：hexane 辛烷：octane 壬烷：nonane
丁二烯 butadiene
丁三烯 butatriene
同时还有双键和三键的烷类成为烯炔，命名时烯在前，炔在后，双键的编号写在前面，三键的定位号写在表示炔烃词尾前
CH3-CH=CH-C ≡ CH

有机化学英文命名大全

iso- 异；
cis- 顺； trans- 反
neo- 新；
primary伯
o-（ortho-）邻； secondary仲 sec-
m-（meta-）间； tertiary叔 tert-
p-（para-）对；
4
1）Aliphatic Hydrocarbons（Fatty Hydrocarbons ，脂肪烃）
31: hentriaconta-
12: dodeca-
22: docosa-
40: tetraconta-
13: trideca-
23: tricosa-
50: pentaconta-
14: tetradeca-
24: tetracosa-
60: hexaconta-
15:pentadeca-
25: pentacosa-
H3C
p-xylene
o，m，p-dimethylbenzene 19
C2H5
ethylbenzene
Cl
chlorobenzene
CH CH2
苯乙烯 styrene Phenylethene Ethenylbenzene
NO2
nitrobenzene
20
Cyanobenzene
CN
苯甲腈
phenol
CN
OH
NH2
OR
R
X(X=F,C l,Br,I)
NO2
NO
cyano-
hydroxy-
aminoalkoxy- (C1-C4 methoxy, ethoxy, Propoxy, butoxy; > C5 pentyloxy - decyloxy)

有机化学英文命名大全

苯酚
NH2
aniline/benzenamine
苯胺
当苯环上有两个或多个取代基时，苯环上的编号应符合最低原则。而当应
用最低系列原则无法确定那一种编号优先时，与烷烃的情况一样，中文命名时应让顺序规则中较小的基团位次尽可能小，英文命名时，应按英文字母顺序，让字母排在前面的基团位次尽可能小。例如：
6 5
No Image
Nomenclature of Organic Compounds
有机化合物的命名
1. Nomenclature of Hydrocarbons:（烃类命名法）
Number Prefix（数字前缀）：
总碳数≤10时
甲: meth-
壬: nona-
乙: eth-
癸: deca-
丙: prop-
CH3CH CHCCH
3-戊烯-1-炔 3-penten-1-yne/pent-3-en-1-yne
1-己烯-4-炔 1-hexen-4-yne/ hex-1-en-4-yne
iii）环烃有取代基时，将环作为母体，对取代基进行编号。如取代基较复杂，取代基内部可单独编号。
如：
CH3
CH3
CH2CH2CH CH3 ：
1-甲基-2-（3-甲基丁基）环己烷 1-methyl-2-(3-methylbutyl) cyclohexane
2）芳香烃（Aromatic Hydrocarbons）: 以苯（benzene）作为母体，其它作为取代基。
如：
CH3
H 3C
CH3
1,3,5-三甲苯 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene
CN
OH
NH2
OR
R

有机化合物英文系统命名法

1－戊烯-4-炔，1-penten-4-yne
六、芳烃命名(aromatic hydrocarbons)
• 1． • （1）芳香烃（arene）中少一种氢原子而形成旳基团称为
芳基（aryl）简写为（Ar-）。 • （2）苯（benzene）去掉一种氢剩余旳原子团称为苯基
phenyl，简写ph-或Φ-。 • （3）甲苯（toluene）中苯环去掉一种氢得到甲苯基，称
改为adiene，并用两个数字表达双键旳位置，如： • CH2=CH-CH=CH2 1，3-丁二烯, 1,3-butadiene
7,7-dimethyl-4-propyl-2-nonene
CH2
HC
CH
CH
CH2
环戊二烯 cyclopentadiene
五、炔烃旳系统命名(alkyne)
• 与烯烃相同，取含叁键旳最长链为主链，编号由距叁键近来旳一端开始，结尾用yne替代烯中旳ene。
CH3
1 2
3
4
CH3
6
5
H3C(H2C)3
CH2CH3
12
CH2CH2CH3
3
4
1，3，5-三甲苯 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene
1-乙基-2-丙基-5-丁基苯 5-butyl-1-ethyl-2-propylbenzene
七．卤代烃命名(alkyl halide)
• 系统命名法以相应烃为母体，把卤原子作为取代基。命名旳基本原则，措施与一般烃类旳相同 (字母顺序)。
4. 酸酐 –COOCO-
由相应旳酸加“酐”字构成，英文把相应酸旳acid换为anhydride
3-methylpentanoyl bromide

化合物的英文命名

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非金属氢化物
除了水和氨气使用俗称water，ammonia以外，其它的非金属氢化物都用系统名称，命名规则根据化学式的写法不同而有所不同。（1）对于卤族和氧族氢化物，Ｈ在化学式中写在前面，因此将其看成与另一元素的二元化合物。举例： HF hydrogen fluoride HCl hydrogen chloride HBr hydrogen bromide HI hydrogen iodide H2S hydrogen sulfide H2Se hydrogen selenide H2Te hydrogen telluride （2）对于其它族的非金属氢化物，Ｈ在化学式中写在后面，可加后缀ane，氮族还可加-ine 举例： PH3: phosphine或phosphane AsH3: arsine或arsane SbH3: stibine或stibane BiH3: bismuthane CH4: methane SiH4: silane B2H6: diborane
3
P-block Element
IIIA B Boron Al Aluminium Ga Gallium In Indium Tl Thallium
VIA O S Se Te Po Oxygen Sulfur Selenium Tellurium Polonium
IV A C Carbon Si Silicon Ge Germanium Sn Tin Pb Lead
NaH2PO4 NaHCO3
Disodium hydrogen phosphate
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate
Ca(HSO4)2 Calcium bisulfate
Sodium hydrogencarbonate 或 Sodium bicarbonate

化合物的英文命名方法大全

1. Monatomic anions
Anion’s name = Element’s root -ide
For example:
Cl- Chloride
Br- Bromide I- Iodide S= Sulfide
O= Oxide
OH- Hydroxide CN- Cyanide H- Hydride
Cation’s name = Element
for example: Na+ Sodium K+ Potassium
Al3+ Aluminum Ca2+ Calcium
A
7
2.Multivalence ions
Cation’s name = Element(N)
For example:Fe2+ I Nhomakorabeaon(II)
IO2- Iodite NO2- Nitrite
A
12
(3). Acid radicals for hypo-salts (次酸根 ite )
Anion’s name = Hypo- Central element’s root -ite
for example:
ClO- Hypochlorite IO- Hypoiodite PO23- Hypophosphite
Monocrystalline Dioxide Triagonal tetragonal pyramid Pentagonal hexagonal
A
6
Naming metal ions (cations) for metal oxides, bases and salts
1. Single valence ions

化合物英文命名规则

I. Nomenclature of inorganic compounds
And
“-ous”, “-ic” were also used to denote （表示） the lower and higher metallic state. 用“-ous”表示低价化合物，用“-ic” 表示高价化合物
I. Nomenclature of inorganic compounds
5. Three elements present, such compounds are named by combining the suffix “-ate” with the name of the less electronegative of the two nonmetallic elements. And “-ite”, “-ate” are used to denote the lower and higher oxidation state of the same electronegative element. 含三种元素的化合物是通过在两种非金属元素中电负性较弱的一种之后加后缀“-ate” 来命名的。对于电负性相同的元素，用 “-ite”表示低价元素，用“-ate” 表示高价元素 NaNO3 sodium nitrate NaNO2 sodium nitrite
cuprum
symbol
Au Fe Ag Na Sn
English Latin
gold iron Silver aurum ferrum arrgentum
autimony stibium lead mercury Plumbum hydrargyrum
Sodium Natrium tin stannum

化学专业英语化合物的命名

Anion’s name = Hypo- Central element’s root -ite for example:
ClO- Hypochlorite IO- Hypoiodite PO23- Hypophosphite
13
(4). Acid radicals for persalts (高酸根Per -ate )
VIA
VIIA
0
He Helium
O Oxygen
F Fluorine
Ne Neon
S Sulfur
Cl Chlorine
Ar Argon
Se Selenium Br Bromine
Kr Krypton
Te Tellurium
I Iodine
Xe Xenon
Po Polonium At Astatine
Mn2+ Manganese(II)
8
对于有变价的金属元素，除了可用前缀来表示以外，更多采用罗马数字来表示金属的氧化态，或用后缀-ous表示低价，-ic 表示高价。
如
FeO: iron(II) oxide 或 ferrous oxide
Fe2O3: iron (III) oxide或ferric oxide
Anion’s name = Per-central Element’s root -ate
for example:
ClO4IO4MnO4-
Perchlorate Periodate Permanganate
14
Naming compounds
1. Metal oxide
Metal oxide = Cation + oxide
7
2.Multivalence ions

化合物的英文专业命名-有机部分

22
C C C C
2.2 烯炔的命名
烃类分子中同时含有双键和叁键时成为烯炔，命名时烯在前炔在后，双键的编号写在前面，叁键的定位号写在表示炔烃词尾之前。例如：
HC C
C H
CH CH CH2
1,3-Hexadien-5-yne 3-Penten-1-yne
23
CH3 CH
CH
C
CH
Unsaturated hydrocarbon with both double and triple bonds
Alkenyne = Number prefix-en-yne Two ene + one yne -adien-?-yne Three ene+ one yne -atrien-?-yne One ene + two yne -ene-?-diyne
for example:
C C C C C C C C C C C 3-Penten-1-yne 1,3-Hexadien-5-yne
12
Univalent branched radicals
Radical = n-Alk-yl+Alk -yl
for example: 4
3 2 1
C C C C
C C C C C
3-Methylbutyl
2-Methylpropyl
C C C C C C C C C
sec-Butyl
tert-Butyl
16
复杂的烷烃命名时须注意分子中有两个等长碳链时，按以下原则进行比较：
1）带支链数目较多者为主链，例如：
2,3,5-Trimethyl-4-propylheptane 2）支链定位号较小者为主链

化合物英文命名规则

Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds 无机化合物的命名（Prefix词头，前缀Suffix词尾，后缀Stem词根）〔.Trivial Names 俗名H2O water 不说dihydrogen oxideNH3 ammonia 不说nitrogen trihydrideCaO quicklimeCaCO3 limest one2.Systematic Nomenclature 系统命名1）Oxide氧化物----- 先命名非氧元素ZnOzinc oxideCaO calcium oxideCO carb on oxideNa2O2 sodium peroxideH2O2hydrogen peroxide 注：peroxide 过氧化物2）Hydroxide 氢氧化物（base 碱）Ba（OH）2 barium hydroxideKOH potassium hydroxide3）Acid 酸Hydro acid 氢酸Ge neral formula 通式：HnX 命名：hydro- + stem of X + -ic acid H2S hydrosulfuric acid（英）hydrosulphuric（美）氢硫酸S:sulfur（英）、sulphur（美）HBr 氢溴酸hydrobromic acidBr: bromine HCl 氢氯酸（盐酸）hydrochloric acidCl: chlorine HF 氢氟酸hydrofluoric acidF: fluori neOxoacid or Oxyacid 含氧酸General formula 通式：HnXOm 命名：Stem of X + -ic acid 注：oxo- （oxy-）含氧，氧代H2SO4 sulfuric acid（英）sulphuric acid（美）H2CO3 carbo nic acidH3PO4 phosphoric acid P: phosphorus H3BO3 boric acid B: boro n HNO3 n itric acid N: nitroge nIf X has two oxidation states :-ic: the higher oxidation state-ous：the lower oxidation stateH2SO4 sulfuric acidH2SO3 sulfurous acid1/5HNO3 n itric acidHNO2 nitrous acidIf X （such as halogens） has more than two oxidation states :halogen 卤素per-（过，高）+ -ic : the still higher oxidation statehypo-（次，在,下）+ -ous: the still lower oxidation stateHClO3 chloric acidHClO2 chlorous acidHClO4 perchloric acidHClO hypochlorous acidHIO hypoiodous acidGeneral formula 通式：MnXm 命名：Name of M stem of X + -ide (-ide,化物)Oxide、chloride、nitride、hydrideKI potassium iodideAI2S3 alumi num sulfideLiH lithium hydrideOxysalt 含氧酸盐Name the metal ion first and then the anionNaming anions:-ate anions derived from the -ic acid(the higher oxidati on state of X)-ite anions derived from the -ous acid (the lower oxidati on state of X)HNO3 n itric acidNaNO3 sodium nitrateHNO2 nitrous acidNaNO2 sodium nitriteSO42- sulfateSO32- sulfiteAgClO4 silver perchlorateNaIO3 sodium iodateKClO2 potassium chloriteKBrO potassium hypobromiteMnO 42- mangan ateMnO4- perma ngan ateAcid salt 酸式盐Using “ hydrogen ” to specify “ H"NaHSO4 sodium hydrogen sulfateNaH2PO4 sodium dihydroge n phosphateNa2HPO4 disodium hydrogen phosphate P: phosphorus phosphate 磷酸盐(根)Using prefix bi- + n ame of anion if only one acid salt existsNaHSO4 sodium bisulfateNaHSO3 sodium bisulfiteKHCO3 potassium bicarb on ate5)Metals (M ) with more than one oxidation state2/5Two methods:①后缀法：早期使用stem of M + -ic the higher oxidati on state of Mstem of M + -ous the lower oxidati on state of MHgI2 mercuric iodideHg2I2 mercurous iodide Hg:mercury Cr2+ chromousCr3+ chromic Cr: chromium注: In most cases, Latin stem is used if the metal has symbol derived from itsLati n n ame.(mercury is an excepti on)Cu:cuprum (拉丁),copper (英)Cu+ cuprousCuI cuprous iodideCuS cupric sulfideSn:stannum (拉丁), tin (英)Sn Cl2 sta nnous chlorideSnO2 sta nnic oxideFe:ferrum (拉丁), ir on (英)Fe(OH)2 ferrous hydroxideFeBr3 ferric bromide②UPAC Rule 1957 年开始使用English name of metal(Roman numeral)CuBr copper(I) bromideCuF2 copper(II) fluorideSnO tin (II) oxideSnS2 tin(IV) sulfideFe(NO3)2 iron (II) nitrateFe2(SO4)3 iron (HI) sulfateUse Greek prefixes 希腊文前缀Mon (o) —di 二tri 三tetr (a) 四pent (a) 五hex (a) 六hepta 七octa 八nona 九1.to specify the number of each atom in the chemical formula.NO2 n itroge n dioxidePCl5 phosphorus pen tachlorideCO2 carb on dioxide2.to specify the number of identical central atoms in condensed acids and their corresponding anions. conden sed acid 缩酸H3PO4 (mono ［phosphoric acidH4P2O7 diphosphoric acid3/5H2SO4 sulfuric acidH2S3O10 trisulfuric acidCrO42-铬酸盐(根)chromateCr2O72-重铬酸盐(根)dichromate3.to in dicate exte nt of substituti onPO43- phosphatePS2O23- dithiophosphate thio-硫代”硫的，含硫的注：The prefixes ortho- and meta- have been used to disti nguish acids differi ng in the “ content of water. ”ortho-［希腊词头］正、原(无机酸用)邻(位) (有机化合物命名)meta-［希腊词头］偏(无机酸用)间(位)(有机化合物命名)ortho-acid 原酸；meta-acid 偏酸H3BO3 orthoboric acid(or boric acid)(原)硼酸(HBO3)n metaboric acid 偏硼酸H4SiO4 orthosilicic acid(or silicic acid) 原硅酸H2SiO3 metasilicic acid硅酸(习惯上不叫偏硅酸)H3PO4 orthophosphoric acid (or phosphoric acid) (正)磷酸(HPO3)n metaphosphoric acid 偏磷酸。

化学专业英语---化合物的命名

14
Naming compounds
1. Metal oxide
Metal oxide = Cation + oxide
for example:
FeO oxide) Fe2O3 Fe3O4 Pb3O4 Na2O2
Iron(II) oxide
(Ferrous
Iron(III) oxide (Ferric oxide) Ferroferric oxide Trilead tetroxide Sodium peroxide
24
5. Acids
(1). Per-, hydro-,normal acid (its salt-ate,-ide) Acid = Central element’s root -ic + acid for example:
H2CO3 H2SO4 H3PO4 HNO3 HClO4 HCl Carbonic acid Sulfuric acid Phosphoric acid Nitric acid Perchloric acid Hydrochloric acid
NO2- Nitrite
SO32-
Sulfite
12
(3). Acid radicals for hypo-salts (次酸根 ite ) Anion’s name = Hypo- Central element’s root -ite for example:
ClOIO-
Hypochlorite
Hypoiodite
PO23- Hypophosphite
13
(4). Acid radicals for persalts (高酸根Per -ate ) Anion’s name = Per-central Element’s root -ate

化合物命名中文

Nomenclature of Inorganic
Compounds
（无机化合物命名法）
1. Names of Cations（阳离子旳命名）
1） Monatomic Cations（单原子阳离子）：元素名称 + ion
* 假如某元素能形成一种以上旳阳离子，则使用斯托克数字（Stock number）来表达其所带电荷（只形成一种阳离子旳不必用）。
例: 甲烷: methane; 庚烷: heptane; 癸烷: decane; 十三烷: tridecane; 十四烷: tetradecane; 十五烷: pentadecane; 二十烷: (e)icosane; 二十一烷: heneicosane; 二十二烷: docosane; 三十烷: triacontane; 四十烷: tetracontane; 五十烷: pentacontane; 六十烷: hexacontane; 七十烷: heptacontane; 八十烷: octacontane; 九十烷: nonacontane; 一百烷: empirecontane.
Nomenclature of Organic
Compounds （有机化合物命名法）
1. Nomenclature of Hydrocarbons:（烃类命名法） 1）Aliphatic Hydrocarbons （Fatty Hydrocarbons ，脂肪烃） a. Number Prefix（数字前缀）：
3. neutral units have historical endings, such as ammine, aqua- (formerly aquo-), carbonyl, nitroso-. 中性单元沿袭以往旳结尾，如ammine, aqua- (此前是 aquo-), carbonyl, nitroso-.

化合物的英文命名方法大全

NaH2PO4 NaHCO3
Disodium hydrogen phosphate
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate
Ca(HSO4)2 Calcium bisulfate
Sodium hydrogencarbonate 或 Sodium bicarbonate
21
(3).Basic salts Basic salt = Cation + hydroxy-anion for example:
Cation’s name = Element for example: Na+ Sodium K+ Potassium Al3+ Aluminum Ca2+ Calcium
7
2.Multivalence ions
Cation’s name = Element(N)
For example:
Fe2+ Fe3+ Cr2+ Cr3+ Mn4+ Mn2+ Iron(II) or Ferrous Iron(III) or Ferric Chromium(II) Chromium(III) Manganese(IV) Manganese(II)
VIIA F Cl Br I At Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Iodine Astatine
VA N Nitrogen P Phosphorus As Arsenic Sb Antimony Bi Bismuth
0 He Helium Ne Neon Ar Argon Kr Krypton Xe Xenon Rn Radon
24
5. Acids
(1). Per-, hydro-,normal acid (its salt-ate,-ide) Acid = Central element’s root -ic + acid for example:

有机化学英文命名大全

o，m，p-dimethylbenzene 19
C2H5
ethylbenzene
Cl
chlorobenzene
CH CH2
苯乙烯 styrene Phenylethene Ethenylbenzene
NO2
nitrobenzene
20
Cyanobenzene
CN
苯甲腈
phenol
OH
苯酚
NH2
aniline/benzenamine
31
例：
CH3CH CCH2OH CH2CH3
2-乙基-2-丁烯-1-醇
2-ethyl-2-buten-1-ol （2-ethyl-but-2-en-1-ol）
HO CH2CH2 OH 1,2-乙二醇， 1,2-ethanediol（ethane-1,2-diol）
CH2CHCH2 OH OHOH
1,2-dibromoethane
30
2）醇、酚、醚（Alcohol，Phenol，Ether）的命名：
* 醇、酚：在相应的烃的名称后，去“-e” 加“-ol”。如果是二醇或三醇，则须加“-diol”或“-triol” （不去“-e” ）。
例： CH3
CH3COH CH3
2-甲基-2-丙醇 2-methyl-2-propanol （2-methyl propan-2-ol）
NO2
NO
cyano-
hydroxy-
aminoalkoxy- (C1-C4 methoxy, ethoxy, Propoxy, butoxy; > C5 pentyloxy - decyloxy)
alkyl-
fluoro-,chloro-,bromo-,iodonitronitroso-

化学专业英语化合物的命名

7
2.Multivalence ions
Cation’s name = Element(N)
For example:
Fe2+ Iron(II)
or Ferrous
Fe3+ Iron(III)
or Ferric
Cr2+ Chromium(II)
Cr3+ Chromium(III)
Mn4+ Manganese(IV)
6
Naming metal ions (cations) for metal oxides, bases and salts
1. Single valence ions
Cation’s name = Element
for example: Na+ Sodium K+ Potassium
Al3+ Aluminum Ca2+ Calcium
NaNH4SO4 Sodium ammonium sulfate
KNaCO3:
potassuim
sodium
NaNH4HPO4: sodium ammonium hydrogenphosphate
carbonate
23
5)水合盐：结晶水读做water或hydrate 如 AlCl3∙6H2O: aluminum chloride 6-water
化合物的英文命名
Nomenclature of compounds
1
一无机物的命名 (Inorganic compounds)
1 元素与单质的命名
“元素”和“单质”的英文意思都是“element”，有时为了区别，在强调 “ 单质 ” 时可用 “ free element”。因此，单质的英文名称与元素的英文名称是一样的。下面给出的既是元素的名称，同时又是单质的名称。