移动自组织网络
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• MACA (Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance) (RTS-CTS-data)
• MACAW (MACA with Acknowledgement) • BTMA (Busy Tone Multiple Access) • DBTMA (Dual BTMA)
n Receiver-initiated
• MACA-BI (By Invitation)
n Other extensions
• March and PAMAS
移动自组织网络
MACA (P. Khan)
No carrier-sensing for channel
Two special signals
n Resource management
n Networks resource allocation and energy efficiency
n QoS management*
n Dynamic advance reservation and adaptive error control techniques
n Binary countdown: use binary station address in bidding.
Hybrid n Mixed contention-free with contention
PPT文档演模板
移动自组织网络
Wireless MAC
n Hidden Terminal Problem
PPT文档演模板
移动自组织网络
Ad Hoc Wireless Networks
(Infrastructureless networks)
n Manet (mobile ad hoc networks)
n Mobile distributed multihop wireless networks
n Temporary in nature n No base station and rapidly deployable n Neighborhood awareness n Multiple-hop communication n Unit disk graph: host connection based
PPT文档演模板
移动自组织网络
Wireless MAC: Major Issues
Distributed operations
Synchronization Hidden terminals
Real-time traffic Resource reservation Ability to measure
on geographical distance
PPT文档演模板
移动自组织网络
Sample Ad Hoc Networks
n Sensor networks n Indoor wireless applications n Mesh networks n People-based networks
Pervasive computing Social networks
n Sample on-going projects
PPT文档演模板
移动自组织网络
Ad Hoc Wireless Networks
(Infrastructureless networks)
n An ad hoc network is a collection of wireless mobile host forming a temporary network without the aid of any centralized administration or standard support services regularly available on the wide area network to which the hosts may normally be connected (Johnson and Maltz)
meeting) n Personal area networks and Bluetooth n Home networking n Embedding computing applications n Health facilities n Disaster recovery (search-and-rescue)
n “small world” that are very large graphs that tend to be sparse, clustered, and have a small diameter.
n “six degree of separation”
PPT文档演模板
移动自组织网络
•Characteristics
• Two nodes, hidden from one another (out of transmission range), attempt to send information to the same receiving node.
• Packet collisions.
n Exposed Node Problem
移动自组织网络
Wireless MAC
n Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA): listen to determine whether
there is activity on the channel n Persistent: continuously listens n Nonpersistent: waits a random amount
n Pure: transmitted at arbitrary time n Slotted: transmitted at start of a time
slot n p-persistent: slotted and transmitted
with a probability p
PPT文档演模板
n Network coding
PPT文档演模板
n Reduce number of transmissions 移动自组织网络
Issues to be Covered
n Wireless Media Access Protocols (MAC) n Ad Hoc Routing Protocols n Multicasting and Broadcasting n Power Optimization n Security n Network Coding
PPT文档演模板
移动自组织网络
Major Issues (Cont’d.)
n MAC protocols*
n Contention vs. contention-free
n Applications and middleware
n Measurement and experimentation
n Security*
n Self-organizing: without centralized control
n Scarce resources: bandwidth and batteries
n Dynamic network topology
PPT文档演模板
移动自组织网络
Unit Disk Graph
•Figure 1: A simple ad hoc wireless network of
n RTS-CTS problem 1
PPT文档演模板
移动自组织网络
of time before re-testing n p-persistent: slotted and transmit when
idle with a probability of p
PPT文档演模板
移Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu自组织网络
Wireless MAC
Contention-free protocols
n Bit-map protocol: each contention period consists of N slots.
n Authentication, encryption, anonymity, and intrusion detection
n Error control and failure
n Error correction and retransmission, deployment of back-up systems
• A node is inhibited from transmitting to other nodes on overhearing a packet transmission.
• Wasted bandwidth.
PPT文档演模板
移动自组织网络
Wireless MAC
PPT文档演模板
n Sender-initiated
PPT文档演模板
移动自组织网络
Wireless MAC
n A MAC (Media Access Protocol) is a set of rules or procedures to allow the efficient use of a shared medium.
• Contention vs. contention-free • Sender-initiated vs. receiver-initiated
PPT文档演模板
移动自组织网络
Table of Contents (cont’d.)
n Infrastructureless networks (cont’d.)
Power Optimization
n Applications
Sensor networks and indoor wireless environments
• RTS: request-to-send • CTS: clear-to-send
Packet lost
• Binary exponential back-up
Overcomes the hidden terminal issue
PPT文档演模板
移动自组织网络
Sample collision
•
five wireless mobile hosts.
PPT文档演模板
移动自组织网络
A•Appplilciacatitoionnss
n Defense industry (battlefield) n Law enforcement n Academic institutions (conference and
移动自组织网络
PPT文档演模板
2020/11/24
移动自组织网络
Table of Contents
n Introduction n Infrastructured networks
n Handoff n location management (mobile IP) n channel assignment
PPT文档演模板
移动自组织网络
Table of Contents (cont’d.)
n Infrastructureless networks
Wireless MAC (IEEE 802.11 and Bluetooth) Ad Hoc Routing Protocols Multicasting and Broadcasting Security Network Coding
PPT文档演模板
移动自组织网络
Major Issues
n Mobility management
n Addressing and routing*
n Location tracking
n Absolute vs. Relative, GPS
n Network management
n Merge and split
resource availability
Exposed terminals Power and rate
Throughput
control
Access delay
Directional antennas
Fairness
PPT文档演模板
移动自组织网络
Wireless MAC
Contention-based n ALOHA: no collision avoidance
• MACAW (MACA with Acknowledgement) • BTMA (Busy Tone Multiple Access) • DBTMA (Dual BTMA)
n Receiver-initiated
• MACA-BI (By Invitation)
n Other extensions
• March and PAMAS
移动自组织网络
MACA (P. Khan)
No carrier-sensing for channel
Two special signals
n Resource management
n Networks resource allocation and energy efficiency
n QoS management*
n Dynamic advance reservation and adaptive error control techniques
n Binary countdown: use binary station address in bidding.
Hybrid n Mixed contention-free with contention
PPT文档演模板
移动自组织网络
Wireless MAC
n Hidden Terminal Problem
PPT文档演模板
移动自组织网络
Ad Hoc Wireless Networks
(Infrastructureless networks)
n Manet (mobile ad hoc networks)
n Mobile distributed multihop wireless networks
n Temporary in nature n No base station and rapidly deployable n Neighborhood awareness n Multiple-hop communication n Unit disk graph: host connection based
PPT文档演模板
移动自组织网络
Wireless MAC: Major Issues
Distributed operations
Synchronization Hidden terminals
Real-time traffic Resource reservation Ability to measure
on geographical distance
PPT文档演模板
移动自组织网络
Sample Ad Hoc Networks
n Sensor networks n Indoor wireless applications n Mesh networks n People-based networks
Pervasive computing Social networks
n Sample on-going projects
PPT文档演模板
移动自组织网络
Ad Hoc Wireless Networks
(Infrastructureless networks)
n An ad hoc network is a collection of wireless mobile host forming a temporary network without the aid of any centralized administration or standard support services regularly available on the wide area network to which the hosts may normally be connected (Johnson and Maltz)
meeting) n Personal area networks and Bluetooth n Home networking n Embedding computing applications n Health facilities n Disaster recovery (search-and-rescue)
n “small world” that are very large graphs that tend to be sparse, clustered, and have a small diameter.
n “six degree of separation”
PPT文档演模板
移动自组织网络
•Characteristics
• Two nodes, hidden from one another (out of transmission range), attempt to send information to the same receiving node.
• Packet collisions.
n Exposed Node Problem
移动自组织网络
Wireless MAC
n Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA): listen to determine whether
there is activity on the channel n Persistent: continuously listens n Nonpersistent: waits a random amount
n Pure: transmitted at arbitrary time n Slotted: transmitted at start of a time
slot n p-persistent: slotted and transmitted
with a probability p
PPT文档演模板
n Network coding
PPT文档演模板
n Reduce number of transmissions 移动自组织网络
Issues to be Covered
n Wireless Media Access Protocols (MAC) n Ad Hoc Routing Protocols n Multicasting and Broadcasting n Power Optimization n Security n Network Coding
PPT文档演模板
移动自组织网络
Major Issues (Cont’d.)
n MAC protocols*
n Contention vs. contention-free
n Applications and middleware
n Measurement and experimentation
n Security*
n Self-organizing: without centralized control
n Scarce resources: bandwidth and batteries
n Dynamic network topology
PPT文档演模板
移动自组织网络
Unit Disk Graph
•Figure 1: A simple ad hoc wireless network of
n RTS-CTS problem 1
PPT文档演模板
移动自组织网络
of time before re-testing n p-persistent: slotted and transmit when
idle with a probability of p
PPT文档演模板
移Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu自组织网络
Wireless MAC
Contention-free protocols
n Bit-map protocol: each contention period consists of N slots.
n Authentication, encryption, anonymity, and intrusion detection
n Error control and failure
n Error correction and retransmission, deployment of back-up systems
• A node is inhibited from transmitting to other nodes on overhearing a packet transmission.
• Wasted bandwidth.
PPT文档演模板
移动自组织网络
Wireless MAC
PPT文档演模板
n Sender-initiated
PPT文档演模板
移动自组织网络
Wireless MAC
n A MAC (Media Access Protocol) is a set of rules or procedures to allow the efficient use of a shared medium.
• Contention vs. contention-free • Sender-initiated vs. receiver-initiated
PPT文档演模板
移动自组织网络
Table of Contents (cont’d.)
n Infrastructureless networks (cont’d.)
Power Optimization
n Applications
Sensor networks and indoor wireless environments
• RTS: request-to-send • CTS: clear-to-send
Packet lost
• Binary exponential back-up
Overcomes the hidden terminal issue
PPT文档演模板
移动自组织网络
Sample collision
•
five wireless mobile hosts.
PPT文档演模板
移动自组织网络
A•Appplilciacatitoionnss
n Defense industry (battlefield) n Law enforcement n Academic institutions (conference and
移动自组织网络
PPT文档演模板
2020/11/24
移动自组织网络
Table of Contents
n Introduction n Infrastructured networks
n Handoff n location management (mobile IP) n channel assignment
PPT文档演模板
移动自组织网络
Table of Contents (cont’d.)
n Infrastructureless networks
Wireless MAC (IEEE 802.11 and Bluetooth) Ad Hoc Routing Protocols Multicasting and Broadcasting Security Network Coding
PPT文档演模板
移动自组织网络
Major Issues
n Mobility management
n Addressing and routing*
n Location tracking
n Absolute vs. Relative, GPS
n Network management
n Merge and split
resource availability
Exposed terminals Power and rate
Throughput
control
Access delay
Directional antennas
Fairness
PPT文档演模板
移动自组织网络
Wireless MAC
Contention-based n ALOHA: no collision avoidance