材料结构及其性能(英文版)
材料力学简介(英文)PPT课件
3.The properties and the fundmental assumptions of the solid deformable bodies
1.Continuity:The material of a solid deformable body is continuously distributed over its volume so that there are not any cracks, defects or holes etc . 2.Homogeneity:The material of the solid deformable body is homogeneously distributed over its volume. 3.Isotropy:The mechanical properties are the same in all directions at a point.
• Strength , Rigidity, Stability Strength: Capacity to resist failure of a component or an element. Rigidity: Capacity to resist deformations of a component or an element. Stability: Capacity to remain the original state in equilibrium of a
component or an element. .
The tasks of mest that the strength, rigidity, stability are satisfied, offer the necessary theoretical foundation and calculation method for determining reasonable shapes and dimensions, choosing proper materials for the components at the most economic price.
ansys-材料属性中英文对照
ANSYS树形结构的材料模型库(第一级第二级第三级第四级第五级)(一)Linear：材料的线性行为（1）Elastic：弹性性能参数1， Isotropic：各向同性弹性性能参数 ,2，Orthtropic：正交各向异性弹性性能参数,3， Anisotropic：各向异性弹性性能参数（二）Nonlinear：材料的非线性行为（1）Elastic：非线性的弹性模型1， Hyperelastic：超弹材料模型（包含多个模型）（1） Curve Fitting：通过材料实验数据拟合获取材料模型（2）Mooney-Rivilin：Mooney-Rivilin模型（包含 2 、3、 5 与 9 参数模型）（3） Ogden：Ogden模型（包含1～5 项参数模型与通用模型）（4）Neo-Hookean：Neo-Hookean(胡克)模型（5）Polynomial Form：Polynomial Form（多项式）模型（包含 1～5 项参数模型与通用模型）（6）Arruda-Boyce：Arruda-Boyce：模型（7） Gent：Gent模型（8） Yeoh：Yeoh模型（9） Blatz-Ko(Foam)：Blatz-Ko （泡沫）模型（10）Ogden(Foam) Ogden：（泡沫）模型（11） Mooney-Rivlin(TB,MOON)：Mooney-Rivlin(TB,MOON) 模型, 2， Multilinear Elastic：多线性弹性模型（2） Inelastic：非线性的非弹性模型1， Rate Independent：率不相关材料模型( 1) Isotropic Hardening Plasticity：各向等向强化率不相关塑性模型1, Mises Plasticity：各向等向强化的 Mises 率不相关塑性模型Bilinear：双线性模型Multilinear：多线性模型Nonlinear：非线性模型2 ,Hill Plasticity：各向等向强化的 Hill 率不相关塑性模型Bilinear：双线性模型Multilinear：多线性模型Nonlinear：非线性模型( 2 )Generalized Anisotropic Hill Potenial：广义各向异性 Hill 势能率不相关模型(3)Kinematic Hardening Plasticity：随动强化率不相关塑性模型1,Mises Plasticity：随动强化的Mises率不相关塑性模型Bilinear：双线性模型Multilinear(Fixed table)：多线性模型Nonlinear(General) ：非线性模型Chaboche Chaboche：模型2, Hill Plasticity：随动强化的 Hill 率不相关塑性模型Bil inea：双线性模型Mult ilinear(Fixed table)：多线性模型Nonl inear(General)：非线性模型Chabo che Chaboche：模型(4)Combined Kinematic and Isotropic Hardening Plasticity：随动强化塑性与各向等向强化的率不相关塑性混合模型1,Mises Plasticity：等向强化的 Mises 率不相关塑性模型Chaboche and Bilinear Isotropic：Chaboche模型与双线性等向强化混合模型Chaboche and Multilinear Isotropic：Chaboche模型与多线性等向强化混合模型Chaboche and Nonlinear Isotropic：Chaboche模型与非线性等向强化混合模型2,Hill Plasticity：各向等向强化的 Hill 率不相关塑性模型Chaboche and Bilinear Isotropic：Chaboche模型与双线性等向强化混合模型Chaboche and Multilinear Isotropic：Chaboche模型与多线性等向强化混合模型Chaboche and Nonlinear Isotropic：Chaboche模型与非线性等向强化混合模型2 , Rate dependent：率相关材料模型(1) Visco-plasticity：粘塑模型1, Isotropic Hardening Plasticity：等向强化率相关塑性模型Mises Plasticity：等向强化的 Mises 率相关塑性模型Bi linear：双线性模型Mu ltilinear：多线性模型nlinear：非线性模型Hill Plasticity：等向强化的 Hill 率相关塑性模型Bi linear：双线性模型Mu ltilinear：多线性模型No nlinear：非线性模型2, Anand’Model：Anand 模型(2) Creep蠕变/徐变模型1, Creep only：蠕变模型(1) Mises Potential：Mises 势蠕变模型1, Explicit：Mises 势显式蠕变模型2, Implicit：Mises 势隐式蠕变模型Strain Harding(Primary)2: Time Harding(Primary)3: Generalized Exponential(Primary)4: Generalized Graham(Primary)5: Generalized Blackburn(Primary)6: Modified Time Harding(Primary)7: Modified Strain Harding(Primary)8: Generalized Garofalo(Secondary)9: Exponential Foam(Secondary)10: Norton(Secondary)Harding(Primary+Secondary)12: Rational polynomial(Primary+Secondary)(2) Hill potential：Hill 塑性蠕变模型Implicit：Hill 塑性隐式蠕变模型（略，包含 Creep only>Mises Potential> Implicit 相同模型）2, With Isotropic Hardening Plasticity：等向强化塑性蠕变模型(1) With Mises Plasticity：Mises 等向强化塑性蠕变模型1, Bilinear：双线性蠕变模型Explicit：Mises 等向强化塑性的双线性显式蠕变模型Implicit：Mises 等向强化塑性的双线性隐式蠕变模型（略，包含Creep only>Mises Potential> Implicit相同模型）2, Multilinear：多线性蠕变模型Explicit Mises：等向强化塑性的多线性显式蠕变模型Implicit Mises：等向强化塑性的多线性隐式蠕变模型（略，包含Creep only>Mises Potential> Implicit相同模型）3,Nonlinear：非线性蠕变模型Explicit Mises：等向强化塑性的非线性显式蠕变模型Implicit Mises：等向强化塑性的非线性隐式蠕变模型（略，包含 Creep only>Mises Potential> Implicit相同模型）(2) With Hill Plasticity：Hill 等向强化塑性蠕变模型1, Bilinear：双线性蠕变模型Explicit：双线性显式蠕变模型Implicit：双线性隐式蠕变模型（略，包含Creep only>Mises Potential> Implicit 相同模型）2, Multilinear：多线性蠕变模型Explicit：多线性显式蠕变模型Implicit：多线性隐式蠕变模型（略，包含Creep only>Mises Potential> Implicit 相同模型）3, Nonlinear：非线性蠕变模型Explicit：非线性显式蠕变模型Implicit：非线性隐式蠕变模型（略，包含Creep only>Mises Potential> Implicit 相同模型）3, With Kinematic Hardening Plasticity：随动强化塑性蠕变模型(1) With Mises Plasticity：Mises 随动强化塑性蠕变模型1, Bilinear：双线性蠕变模型1, Implicit Mises：随动强化塑性的双线性隐式蠕变模型（略，包含 Creep only>Mises Potential> Implicit相同模型）(2) With Hill Plasticity：Hill 随动强化塑性蠕变模型1, Bilinear：双线性蠕变模型1, Implicit 双线性隐式蠕变模型（略，包含Creep only>Mises Potential> Implicit 相同模型）4, With Swelling：融涨模型Explicit：显式融涨模型3, Non-metal Plasticity：非金属塑性模型Concrete：混凝土模型Drucker-Prager：D-P 模型Failure Criteria：复合材料失效模型 Gasket：垫片材料模型General Parameters：广义参数模型Compression：压缩模型Linear Unloading：线性卸载模型Nonlinear Unloading：非线性卸载模型 4, Cast-Iron：铸铁材料模型Plasticity Poisson’s Ratio：广义参数模型Uniaxial Compression：单轴压缩模型Uniaxial Tension：单轴拉伸模型5, Shape Memory Alloy形状记忆合金(3) Viscoelastic：非线性的粘弹模型Curve FittingMaxwell：Maxwell 模型(麦克斯韦)Prony：Prony 模型（普罗尼）Shear Response：剪切响应模型Volumetric Response：体积响应模型Shift Function：转换函数模型（三）Density：材料的密度（五）Thermal Expansion Coef：材料的热膨胀系数 Isotropic：各向同性材料的热膨胀系数 Orthtropic：正交各向异性材料的热膨胀系数（六）Damping：材料的阻尼（七）Friction Coefficient：材料的摩擦系数User Material Options：用户自定义材料模型。
催化功能材料 2.结构与性能的关系
↑↓
↑
↑ d-orbital
↑
↑
p-orbital
Stable electron configuration:
A stable electron configuration refers to an atom in which the outer electron shell is unoccupied, half-full or full. ↑ 24Cr：[Ar]3d54s1 (3d44s2) 29Cu：[Ar]3d104s1 (3d94s2) ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓
催化功能材料 2.结构与性能的关系 chaptertwo: relationship between surface structures catalyticmaterials catalyticproperties dr.yejun qiu department materialsscience engineeringspring, 2011. credithours) electronstructure crystalstructure defectstructure surfaceacid basesites (important acid-basecatalysis) skeletonstructure (example: zeolite) sizeeffect (nano effect) electronstructure atomicorbital theory (原子轨道理论); molecularorbital theory (分子轨道理论); bandtheory (electron structure solid).1.1. atomic orbital theory electroncloud atomicorbital: dz dxzdyz dxy dx omicorbital model currentlyaccepted model atom.na: atomicorbital energy: energy shell energylevel (1)sameenergy shell, ns 760nm): 43%; uv-light(<400nm): 7%. 1.4. effect electronstructure catalysiseigen value outerorbital ni)clusters文献:桑丽霞,曾淑兰.感光科学与光化学,2001,19(2):109-115 photocatalytic activity crystalstructure continued!chapter two: relationship between surface structures catalyticmaterials catalyticproperties dr.yejun qiu department materialsscience engineeringspring, 20
材料专业中英文词汇
材料专业中英文词汇材料专业是一门以材料为研究对象的学科，主要研究材料的性质、结构、制备、加工、性能、应用等方面。
随着社会经济的发展和科学技术的进步，材料专业越来越受到人们的关注和重视，成为现代工业、科技和军事等领域的重要学科。
在材料专业的学习和研究过程中，掌握一些常用的中英文词汇是十分必要的。
下面是一些常见的材料专业中英文词汇。
1.材料（Material）指一切原料、零件、半成品、成品等，用于生产、加工或制造其他产品的物质实体或物质流。
不同的材料具有不同的特性和应用范围，主要包括金属材料、非金属材料、复合材料等。
2.金属材料（Metallic materials）是一种以金属元素为基础，具有金属特性（良好的导电性、导热性、延展性和可塑性等）的材料。
主要包括铁、铜、铝、锌、钴、钼等金属，以及合金等。
3.非金属材料（Non-metallic materials）是指以非金属元素为主要成分，具有非金属特性（如绝缘性、耐腐蚀性、轻量化、防火等）的材料。
主要包括陶瓷、塑料、橡胶、纤维素等。
4.复合材料（Composite materials）是指由两种或两种以上不同性质的材料通过物理或化学方法结合而成的材料。
这种材料的性能比较优异，具有轻量化、高强度、高刚度、耐腐蚀等特点。
主要包括碳纤维复合材料、玻璃纤维复合材料、金属基复合材料等。
5.性能（Properties）是指材料在不同环境下的物理、化学、机械等特性和表现。
主要包括强度、硬度、韧性、耐磨性、导电性、导热性、耐腐蚀性、热膨胀系数、断裂韧度等。
6.结构（Structure）是指材料组成元素（原子、分子、晶体等）之间的排列方式和组成方式。
材料的结构决定了其性能。
常见的材料结构包括晶体结构、非晶体结构、非晶态结构等。
7.制备（Preparation）是指将原始材料经过一定的工艺方法转化成所需材料的过程。
常见的制备方法包括铸造、轧制、锻造、淬火、淬硬、退火、沉淀、溶剂提取等。
材料材料性能和结构抗力技术术语
材料材料性能和结构抗力技术术语2．7．1 结构材料structural materials用于制作结构的人造或天然材料。
分为非金属材料、金属材料、有机材料以及由上述材料组成的复合材料。
2．7．2 混凝土concrete由水泥或其他胶结料等胶凝材料、粗细骨料和水等按一定配合比经搅拌、成型、养护等工艺而成的先可塑后硬化的结构材料。
需要时可另加掺合料或外加剂。
2．7．3 砌体masonry由砖、石块或砌块等块体与砂浆或其他胶结料砌筑而成的结构材料。
2．7．4 木材timber结构用的原木或经加工而成的方木、板材、胶合木等的总称。
2．7．5 钢材steel结构用的型钢、钢板、钢管、带钢或薄壁型钢，以及钢筋、钢丝和钢绞线等的总称。
2．7．6 结构的材料性能property of structural materials材料固有的和受外界各种作用后所呈现的物理、力学和化学性能。
2．7．7 材料力学性能mechanical properties of materials材料在规定的受力状态下所产生的压缩、托伸、剪切、弯曲、疲劳和屈服等性能。
2．7．8 弹性模量modulus of elasticity材料在单向受拉或受压状态下其应力应变呈线性关系时，截面上正应力与对应的正应变的比值。
2．7．9 剪变模量shear modulus材料在单向受剪且应力和应变呈线性关系时，截面上剪应力与对应的剪应变的比值。
2．7．10 变形模量modulus of deformation材料在单向受拉或受压且应力和应变呈非线性或部分线性、部分非线性关系时，截面上正应力与对应的正应变的比值。
2．7．11 泊松比Poisson ratio材料在单向受拉或受压时，横向正应变与轴向正应变的比值。
2．7．12 线膨胀系数linear expansion coefficient材料在规定的温度范围内，以规定常温下的长度为基准，随温度增高后的伸长率和温度增量的比值。
材料性能参数中英文对照
材料性能中英文对照物理性能Physical properties机械性能Mechanical properties 热性能Thermal properties难燃性Flame retardance玻纤含量Glass Fiber Content比重Specific gravity抗张性Tensile properties弯曲性Flexural properties IZOD 缺口冲击强度IZOD impact value热变形温度Deflection temperatureunder load拉伸强度Tensile strength断裂伸长率Elongation at break熔融指数Melt flow rate弯曲强度Flexural strength弯曲弹性率/摸量Flexural modulus测试项目Properties item测试条件Test condition测试方法Test method测试数值Test method单位Unites吸水率Water Absorption全光线透射率Light Transmittance雾度Haze折射率Refractive Index抗拉强度Resistance strength伸长率Tensility拉伸弹性率Tensile flexibility弯曲弹性模量Curve flexibility module 悬臂梁式冲击强度Izod impact strength ofunnotched specimens 洛氏硬度Rockwell hardness表面电阻系数Surface Resistivity体积电阻系数Volume Resistivity绝缘击穿强度Dielectric Strength介电常数Dielectric Constant介质衰耗因数Dissipation Factor维卡软化温度Vicat Softening Poin比热Specific heat线膨胀系数Coefficient of LinearThermal Expansion。
材料概论英文版 武汉理工大学
Material: Solids used by man kind to produce items which constitute the support for his living environmentCharacteristics of materials◆Have certain compositions;◆Can be processed;◆With certain shape and color;◆Can be used and reused or recycled.◆特点:☐具有一定的成分和配比；☐可成型加工；☐保持一定形状和外观；☐具有使用价值并可回收再利用。
材料性能的决定因素◆组成材料的各元素的原子结构，◆原子间的相互作用、相互结合，◆原子或分子在空间的排列分布和运动规律,◆原子集合体的形貌特征。
Classification of materials◆Atomic structures◆Nature of chemical bonds:☐ Metallic bond 金属键☐ Ionic bond 离子键☐ Covalent bond 共价键☐ Secondary bond 次价键☐ Van der Waals bond 范德华力☐ Hydrogen bond 氢键Classification:◆metals and their alloys:- metallic bonding◆Organic polymers: Covalent bonding & secondary bonding◆Ceramics:Ionic bonding & covalent bondingMetals and their alloys:◆ are good conductors of heat and electricity;◆ are opaque to visible light;◆ are hard, rigid;◆ can undergo plastic deformation◆ have a high melting temperature (Tm).Organic polymers:◆made up of long-chain molecules;◆ are electrical and thermal insulators;◆ are light and easily formable;◆ the best-known organic polymers are:☐ poly (vinyl chloride) (聚氯乙烯，PVC);☐ polyethylene (聚乙烯，PE);☐ polystyrene (聚苯乙烯，PS)。
材料结构及其性能(英文版)
•Single-walled nanotubes grown by laser ablation
Structure and Properties
• The uniqueness of the nanotube arises from its structure and the inherent subtlety in the structure, which is the helicity in the arrangement of the carbon atoms in hexagonal arrays on their surface honeycomb lattices. • The helicity (local symmetry), along with the diameter (which determines the size of the repeating structural unit) introduces significant changes in the electronic density of states, and hence provides a unique electronic character for the nanotubes.
Organization into Fibers
•Wet Spinning
•An aqueous suspension of carbon nanotubes, stabilized by a surfactant, is injected into a flowing solution of polyvinyl alcohol which causes the fiber to coagulate. It is then removed from the bath and washed to remove excess polymer.
材料导论中英文讲稿 (10)
原字幕 中文翻译In this episode, I will give you a brief introduction of carbon fibers and graphite fibers. It covers how the properties of those fibers are determined by their structure, and show you how to fabricate them. Finally I will show you their advantages and disadvantages.本节课，我将简要介绍一下碳纤维和石墨纤维。
课中涵盖了这些纤维结构如何决定其性能，并展示如何制造它们。
最后，我会介绍他们的优点和缺点。
Let’s first look at this picture, there are t wo bundles of fibers one is carbon fibers, and one is graphite fibers. Based on the outlook, both of them are black, and it's r eally hard to tell the difference between t hem. So how can we tell the difference b etween carbon fiber and graphite fibers? L et's first look at their definitions.首先来看这幅图，有两束纤维，一束是碳纤维，另一束是石墨纤维。
从外观上看，它们都是黑色的，很难区分它们之间的区别。
那么我们如何分辨碳纤维和石墨纤维之间的差异呢？让我们先看看他们的定义。
In general, carbon fiber can be defined as a fiber mostly made of carbon. But in thi s course, we focus on carbon fibers that widely used in industry. It can be defined as a fiber about 5–10 micrometres in dia meter with a carbon content of at least 92 %.通常，碳纤维可以被定义为主要由碳构成的纤维。
材料科学与工程 专业英语 Unit 3 Structure-Property Relationships of Materials译文
Unit 3 Structure-Property Relationships of MaterialsToday’s materials can be classified as metals and alloys, as polymers or plastics, as ceramics, or as composites; composites, most of which are man-made, actually are combinations of different materials.译文：当今的材料可以分为金属和合金，聚合物或者塑料，陶瓷或复合材料；复合材料，它们大多数是人造的，实际上是不同材料组合而成。
Application of these materials depend on their properties; therefore, we need to know what properties are required by the application and to be able to relate those specification to the material.译文：这些材料的应用取决于它们的性质；因此，根据应用的场合，我们需要知道什么样的性质是必需的，我们需要能够把这些详细说明同材料联系起来。
For example, a ladder must withstand a design load, the weight of a person using the ladder. However, the material property that can be measured is strength, which is affected by the load and design dimension. Strength values must therefore be applied to determined the ladder dimensions to ensure safe use. Therefore, in general, the structures of metallic materials have effects on their properties.译文：比如，一个梯子必须能经受住设计的载荷，也就是使用这个梯子的人的重量。
材料结构及其性能(英文版)PPT(24张)
Single-walled nanotubes grown by laser ablation
Structure and Properties
The uniqueness of the nanotube arises from its structure and the inherent subtlety in the structure, which is the helicity in the arrangement of the carbon atoms in hexagonal arrays on their surface honeycomb lattices.
The helicity (local symmetry), along with the diameter (which determines the size of the repeating structural unit) introduces significant changes in the electronic density of states, and hence provides a unique electronic character for the nanotubes.
One-Dimensional Nanomaterials ——Carbon Nanotubes
Reporter : Teammates: Wan jun
Wu Yuanhe Wang Binbin Yang Yongzhu
Outlin e
1
1 Introduction
2 Preparation
3 Structure and Properties
parameters: hydrocarbons, catalysts: such as transition-metal nanoparticles growth temperature.
材料专业英语必背词汇word资料6页
Chapter 1alloy 合金atomic-scale architecture 原子尺度结构（构造）brittle 脆性的ceramic 陶瓷composite 复合材料concrete 混凝土conductor? 导体crystalline? 晶态的devitrified 反玻璃化的（晶化的）ductility （可）延（展）性，可锻性electronic and magnetic material? 电子和磁性材料element 元素fiberglass 玻璃钢glass 玻璃glass-ceramic 玻璃陶瓷/微晶玻璃insulator 绝缘体materials science and engineering 材料科学与工程materials selection 材料选择metallic 金属的microcircuitry 微电路microscopic-scale architecture 微观尺度结构（构造）noncrystalline 非晶态的nonmetallic 非金属的oxide 氧化物periodic table 周期表plastic 塑性的、塑料polyethylene 聚乙烯polymer 聚合物property 性能（质）refractory 耐火材料、耐火的semiconductor 半导体silica 石英、二氧化硅silicate 硅酸盐silicon 硅steel 钢structural material 结构材料wood 木材Chapter 7aluminum alloy 铝合金gray iron 灰口铁amorphous metal 无定形金属high-alloy steel 高合金钢austenitic stainless steel 奥氏体不锈钢high-strength low-alloy steel 高强度低合金钢Brinell hardness number 布氏硬度值Hooke’s law 胡克定律carbon steel 碳钢impact energy 冲击能cast iron 铸铁lead alloy 铅合金Charpy test Charpy试验low-alloy steel 低合金钢cold working 冷作加工lower yield point 屈服点下限copper alloy 铜合金magnesium alloy 镁合金creep curve 蠕变曲线malleable iron 可锻铸铁primary stage 第一（初期）阶段martensitic stainless steel 马氏体不锈钢secondary stage 第二阶段modulus of elasticity 弹性模量tertiary(final)? stage 第三（最后）阶段modulus of rigidity 刚性模量dislocation climb 位错攀（爬）移nickel alloy 镍合金ductile iron 球墨铸铁nickel-aluminum superalloy 镍铝超合金ductile-to-brittle transition temperature 韧性-脆性转变温度nonferrous alloy 非铁合金ductility （可）延（展）性，可锻性plastic deformation 塑性变形elastic deformation 弹性变形Poission’s ratio 泊松比engineering strain 工程应变precious metal 贵金属engineering stress 工程应力precipitation-hardened stainless steel 沉淀(脱溶)硬化不锈钢fatigue curve 疲劳曲线rapidly solidified alloy 速凝合金/快速固化合金fatigue strength (endurance limit) 疲劳强度（耐久极限）refractory? metal 耐火（高温）金属ferritic stainless steel 铁素体不锈钢Rockwell hardness 洛氏硬度ferrous alloy 铁基合金shear modulus 剪（切）模量fracture mechanics 断裂机制shear strain 剪（切）应变fracture toughness 断裂韧性shear stress 剪（切）应力gage length 标距（长度），计量长度，有效长度solution hardening 固溶强化galvanization 电镀，镀锌steel 钢strain hardening 应变强化white iron 白铁，白口铁superalloy 超合金wrought alloy 可锻（锻造、轧制）合金tensile strength 拉伸强度yield point 屈服点titanium alloy 钛合金yield strength 屈服强度tool steel 工具钢Young’s modulus 杨氏模量toughness 韧性zinc alloy 锌合金upper yield point 屈服点上限Chapter 8annealing point 退火点linear coefficient of thermal expansion线性热膨胀系数refractory 耐火材料borosilicate glass 硼硅酸盐玻璃expansion 膨胀silicate 硅酸盐brittle fracture 脆性断裂magnetic ceramic 磁性陶瓷silicate glass 硅酸盐玻璃clay 粘土melting range 熔化（温度）范围soda-lime silica glass 钠钙硅酸盐玻璃color 颜色modulus of rupture 断裂模量softening point 软化点cosine law 余弦定律network former 网络形成体specular reflection 镜面反射creep 蠕变netwrok modifier 网络修饰体/网络外体static fatigue 静态疲劳crystalline ceramic 晶态陶瓷nonoxide ceramic 非氧化物陶瓷structural clay product 粘土类结构制品diffuse reflection 漫反射nonsilicate glass 非硅酸盐玻璃surface gloss 表面光泽E-glass 电子玻璃（E玻璃）nonsilicate oxide ceramic 非硅酸盐氧化物陶瓷tempered glass 钢化玻璃electronic ceramic 电子陶瓷nuclear ceramic 核用陶瓷thermal conductivity 热传导率enamel 搪瓷nucleate 成（形）核thermal shock 热震Fourier’s law 傅立叶定律Opacity 乳浊transformation toughening 相变增韧fracture toughness 断裂韧性optical property 光学性质translucency 半透明Fresnel’s formula Fresnel公式partially stabilized zirconia ??部分稳定氧化锆transparency 透明glass 玻璃polar diagram 极坐标图viscosity 粘度glass-ceramic 玻璃陶瓷/微晶玻璃pottery 陶器（制造术）viscous deformation 粘性变形glass transition temperature 玻璃转变温度pure oxide 纯氧化物vitreous silica 无定形二氧化硅/石英玻璃glaze 釉reflectance 反射（率）whiteware 白瓷Griffith crack model Griffith裂纹模型refractive index 折射率working range 工作（温度）范围intermediate 中间体/中间的Chapter 9Chapter 10admixture 外加剂fiberglass 玻璃钢metal-matrix composite 金属基复合材料aggregate 聚集体fiber-reinforced composite 纤维增强复合材料particulate composite 颗粒复合材料aggregate composite 聚集体复合材料hardwood 硬质木材polymer-matrix composite 聚合物基复合材料anisotropic 各向异性hemicellulose 半纤维素portland cement 波特兰水泥cement 水泥interfacial strength 界面结合强度property averaging 性能平均ceramic-matrix composite 陶瓷基复合材料isostrain 等应变radial cell 径向细胞concrete 混凝土isotress 等应力softwood 软质木材continuous fiber 连续纤维isotropic 各向同性specific strength 比强度discrete (chopped) fiber 不连续（短切）纤维laminate 层状的strength-to-weight ratio 强度质量比率dispersion-strengthened metal 弥散强化金属lignin 木质素whisker 晶须longitudinal cell 经向（纵向）纤维wood 木材woven fabric 纺织构造E-glass 电子玻璃matrix 基质（体）philosophy 基本原理cross over 交叉，穿过，跨越restriction 限制（定）configuration 构造（形式），结构align 使成一直线（一行）elongate 拉长（的）/延伸（的）aggregate 集料，粒料，骨料chop 切utility 效用，实用，功用in regard for 考虑到cite 引用（证、述），援引，列举，举出（例），提到，谈到embed 埋置，把? 嵌入（或插入）dielectric 电介质implication 含意（义）epoxy 环氧树脂polyester 聚酯polyetheretherketone (PEEK) 聚醚酮醚polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) 聚苯亚砜entrant 新到者requisite 必需的imitate 仿deciduous 每年落叶的，非永久的commonality 共性，共同特点dramatic 生动的vertically 竖直地，直立地longitudinal 经度的，纵向的sap 树液cellulose 纤维素alignment 直线排列phenol-propane 苯酚-丙烷manifest 显示，出现，显露dimension 尺寸specify 详细说明staggering 令人惊愕的igneous 火成的inspection 检查，视察interstice 空隙，裂缝enclose 包围，封闭entrain 混（气泡）于混凝土中entrap 截留的，夹杂的thaw 融化（解），解冻identify 认识，鉴定，确定generality 一般（性），一般原则，普遍（性），通则consistent with 与? 一致emphasis 强调，重点，重要性axially 轴向weighted average 加权平均elementary 基本的reverse 相反的rigorous 严格的，严密的，精确的bound 限度take for granted 被忽略（视）communicate 传达，传递deflect 偏转unless otherwise state 除非另外说明appreciation 正确评价，鉴别substantial 多的，大的，大量的offset 弥补，抵消，偏移assembly 装配，组装，总成Chapter 11capacitor 电容器electron-hole pair 电子-空穴对piezoelectric coupling coefficient 压电耦合系数ceramic 陶瓷electronic conduction 电子传导piezoelectric effect 压电效应charge carrier 载流子energy band 能带polymer 聚合物charge density 电荷密度energy band gap 能隙positive charge carrier 正载流子coercive field 矫顽（电）场energy level 能级PZT 锆钛酸铅conduction band 导带extrinsic semiconductor 非本征半导体remanent polarization 剩余极化conductivity 传导率Fermi function 费米函数resistivity 电阻率conductor 导体Fermi level 费米能级resistance 电阻current 电流ferroelectric 铁电性reverse piezoelectric effect逆压电效应dielectric 介电性，介电体free electron 自由电子saturization polarization 饱和极化dielectric constant 介电常数glass 玻璃Seebeck potential 赛贝克（电）势dielectric strength 介电强度hysteresis loop （电）滞回线semiconductor 半导体domain （电）畴insulator 绝缘体spontaneous polarization 自发极化drift velocity 漂移速率intrinsic semiconductor 本征半导体superconductor 超导体electric permittivity 电容率，介电常数metal 金属temperature coefficient of resistivity 电阻率温度系数electrical conduction 电导negative charge carrier 负载流子electrical field strength 电场强度Ohm’s law 欧姆定律thermocouple 热（电）偶electrically poled 电极化的orbital 轨道transducer 变（转）换器/换能器electron 电子paraelectric 顺电性的valence band 价带electron hole 电子空穴Pauli exclusion principle 泡利不相容原理voltage 电压commonality （特点等的）共有，共同特点，共性in light of 按照，根据manifestation 显示，表明，表现，表现形式，现象give way to 让路（步），退让，让位，屈服spacing 间隔（距）abstract 抽象reciprocal 倒数的mobility 迁移率drift 漂移precisely 正好地hypothetical 假（设）定的delocalize 使离开原位extension 扩展（充）pseudocontinuous 准连续的nature 自然状态conductive to 有助（益）的on the order of (数值)相当于，大约，数量级为，跟相似的accessibility 能进入（的），可得到（的）inability 无能（力）attribute to 归结于agitation 扰动wave packet 波包（群）irregularity 不规则，无规律reminiscent 回忆往事的，提醒的，暗示的ultimately 最后（终）于trace 追溯，上溯ambient 周围的（环境）tabulate 把......制成表格，列表finite 有限的empirical 经验的ironically 冷嘲的，具有讽刺意味的，用反语的，挖苦的，令人啼笑皆非的synchronization 同时发生，同步cooperative 配合account for 解释，占多少比例speculation 思索cryogenic 低温学的appreciable 可评估的，可感知的breakdown 崩溃，击穿subsection 细分asymmetrical 不对称的dipole 偶极子polarization 极化crystallographic 晶体的，晶体学的at the expense of 以…..为代价symmetrical 对称的exaggerate 夸张（大）extrapolate 推断（知），外推induce 诱导prefix 前缀intriguing 引起? 的兴趣（或好奇心）stem from 由…引起的，产生（起源、归因于），出身于constrain 强迫，抑制，约束straightforward 简单，易懂的ensuring 确保，保证pseudo-single crystal 准单晶consolidate 加固，使合成一体transmitter 变送器，发射机oscillation 振动megahertz MHzChapter 12acceptor level 受主能级device 元件impurity 杂质amorphous semiconductor 无定形半导体diode 二极管intrinsic semiconductor 本征半导体amplifier 放大器donor level 施主能级microcircuit 微电路Arrhenius behavior ???Arrhenius行为dopant 掺杂剂n-type semiconductor ??n型半导体base 基极drain 漏极p-n junction? ??p-n结carrier mobility 载流子迁移（率）electron hole 电子空穴p-type semiconductor? p型半导体chalcogenide 硫族（属）化物emitter 发射极rectifier 整流器charge 电荷energy band gap 能隙reverse bias ?反向偏置charge carrier ??载流子exhaustion range 耗尽区saturation range 饱和区charge density 电荷密度extrinsic semiconductor 非本征半导体source 源极chip （基）片Fermi function 费米函数thermal activation 热激活collector 集电极Fermi level 费米能级III-V compound III-V化合物compound semiconductor 化合物半导体field-effect transistor (FET) 场效应晶体管II-VI compound II-VI化合物conduction band 导带forward bias 正向偏置transistor 晶体管conduction electron 传导电子gate 栅极valence band 价带conductivity 传导率Hall effect 霍尔效应clustered 丛生，成群overlap 交迭activation 活化，激活occurrence 发生，出现，事件，发生的事情dominate 支配，占优势semilog 半对数的ambient 周围（环境）的phosphorus 磷plateau 平原/平台compensation 补（赔）偿intimate 亲密at right angle 成直角sideways 侧（横）向in order 整齐，状态良好，适应on the average 平均，按平均数计算，一般地说zinc blende 闪锌矿counterpart 配对物threshold 开始（端），极限photovoltaic 光电nondepletable 耗不尽的silane 硅烷xerography 静电复印术photoconductive 光敏polarization 极化herald 先驱，先兆excess 过量的，额外的，附加的overshoot 过冲distort 畸变，使失真Chapter 13antiparallel spin pairing 反平行（电子）对domain (bloch) wall 畴壁flux density 通量（磁力线）密度eddy current 涡流garnet 石榴子石Bohr magneton 玻尔磁子electron spin 电子自旋hard magnet 硬（永）磁铁（体）ceramic magnet 陶瓷磁铁（体）energy loss 能（量）损（失）hysteresis loop （磁）滞回线coercive field 矫顽（磁）场exchange interaction 交互作用induction 感应（诱导）coercive force矫顽（磁）力ferrimagnetism 铁氧体磁性，（亚）铁磁性inverse spinel 反尖晶石diamagnetism 抗（反）磁性ferrite 铁氧体，铁素体Joule heating 焦耳热domain structure 畴结构ferromagnetism 铁磁性magnetic dipole 磁偶极子magnetic field 磁场metallic magnet 金属磁体soft magnet 软（暂时）磁体（铁）magnetic field strength 磁场强度paramagnetism 顺磁性spinel 尖晶石magnetic flux line 磁通量（力）线permanent magnet 永（久）磁体superconducting magnet 超导磁体magnetic moment 磁矩permeability 导磁性（率）textured micostructure 织构magnetism 磁性preferred orientation 择优取向transition metal 过渡金属magnetite 磁铁矿（石）relative permeability 相对（磁）导率transition metal ion 过渡金属离子magnetization 磁化remanent induction 剩余感应YIG 钇铁石榴子石Magnetoplumbite 磁铅石，磁铁铅矿saturation induction 饱和感应nomenclature 命名routinely 常规，惯例counterpart 对手modest 小的reversible 可逆的traced out 探寻踪（轨）迹primitive 原始的，早期的，开始的，基本的，简单的visualize 目测，观察，设想relativistic 相对论的aligned 排列好的distinction （差）区别，特性tetrahedrally 四面体的octahedrally 八面体的inventory 清单，目录cancellation 抵（取）消traverse 在?? 上来回移动，沿? 来回移动flunctuate 波动，涨落，起伏，动摇不定ingot 铸模，铸块，锭fidelity 保真Samarium 钐Alnico 磁钢simultaneously 同时发生的product? (乘)积solenoid 螺线管deflection 偏转interchangeably 可交（互）换的，可代替的gem 宝石dodecahedral 十二面体的waveguide 波导hexagonal 六方晶系的strontium 锶fortuitous 偶然的，幸运的perovskite 钙钛矿availability 利用（或获得）的可能性levitation 悬浮。
材料成型工艺基础部分(中英文词汇对照)
材料成型工艺基础部分0 绪论金属材料:metal material (MR)高分子材料:high-molecular material陶瓷材料:ceramic material复合材料:composition material成形工艺:formation technology1 铸造铸造工艺:casting technique铸件:foundry goods (casting)机器零件:machine part毛坯:blank力学性能:mechanical property砂型铸造:sand casting process型砂:foundry sand1、1 铸件成形理论基础合金:alloy铸造性能:casting property工艺性能:processing property收缩性:constringency偏析性:aliquation氧化性:oxidizability吸气性:inspiratory铸件结构:casting structure使用性能:service performance浇不足:misrun冷隔:cold shut夹渣:cinder inclusion粘砂:sand fusion缺陷:flaw, defect, falling流动性:flowing power铸型:cast (foundry mold)蓄热系数:thermal storage capacity 浇注:pouring凝固:freezing收缩性:constringency逐层凝固:layer-by-layer freezing 糊状凝固:mushy freezing结晶:crystal缩孔:shrinkage void缩松:shrinkage porosity顺序凝固:progressive solidification 冷铁:iron chill补缩:feeding等温线法:constant temperature line method 内接圆法:inscribed circle method铸造应力:casting stress变形:deforming裂纹:crack机械应力:mechanical stress热应力:heat stress相变应力:transformation stress气孔:blow hole铸铁:ingot铸钢:cast steel非铁合金:nonferrous alloy灰铸铁:gray cast-iorn孕育处理:inoculation球墨铸铁:spheroidal球化处理:sheroidisation可锻铸铁:ductile cast iron石墨:graphite蠕墨铸铁:vermicular cast iron热处理:heat processing铝合金:Al-alloy熔炼:fusion metallurgy铜合金:copper alloy氢脆:hydrogen brittleness1、2 铸造方法(casting method)手工造型:hand moulding机器造型:machine moulding金属型:metal mold casting金属模:permanent mould压力铸造:press casting熔模铸造:investment moulding蜡膜:cere离心铸造:centrifugal casting低压铸造:casting under low pressure 差压铸造:counter-pressure casting 陶瓷型铸造:shaw process1、3 铸造工艺设计浇注位置:pouring position分型面:mould joint活块:loose piece起模:patter drawing型芯:core型芯撑:chaplet工艺参数:processing parameter下芯:core setting合型:mould assembly冒口:casting head尺寸公差:dimensional tolerance尺寸公差带:tolerance zone机械加工余量:machining allowance 铸孔:core hole非标准:nonstandard label收缩率:rate of contraction线收缩:linear contraction体收缩:volume contraction起模斜度:pattern draft铸造圆角:curving of castings芯头:core register芯头间隙:clearance芯座:core print seat分型线:joint line分模线:die parting line1、4 铸造结构工艺性加强筋:rib reinforcement撒砂:stuccoing内腔:entocoele2 金属塑性加工塑性加工:plastic working塑性:plastic property锻造:forge work冲压:punching轧制:rolling拉拔:drawing挤压:extruding细化晶粒:grain refinement热锻:hit-forging温锻:warm forging2、1 金属塑性加工理论基础塑性变形:plastic yield加工硬化:work-hardening韧性:ductility回复温度:return temperature 再结晶:recrystallize再结晶退火:full annealing冷变形:cold deformation热变性:heat denaturation锻造比:forging ratio镦粗:upset拔长:pull out纤维组织:fibrous tissue锻造性能:forging property可锻性:forgeability变形抗力:resistance of deformation化学成分:chemical constitution热脆性:hot brittleness冷脆性:cold-shortness变形速度:deformation velocity应力状态:stress condition变形温度:deformation temperature过热:overheating过烧:burning脱碳:carbon elimination始锻温度:initiation forging temperature 终锻温度:final forging temperature 2、2 金属塑性加工方法自由锻:flat-die hammer冲孔:jetting弯曲:bend弯曲半径:bending radius切割:cut扭转:twist rotation错移:offsetting锻接:percussion基本工序:basic process辅助工序:auxiliary process精整工序:finishing process模锻:contour forging锻模:forging die胎膜锻:fetal membrane forging剪床:shearing machine冲床:backing-out punch冲裁:blanking弹性变形:elastic distortion塑性变形:plastic yield剪切变形:shearing deformation最小弯曲半径:minimum bending radius 曲率:angularity弯裂:rupture回弹:rebound辊轧:roll forming辊锻:roll forging斜轧:oblique rolling横轧:transverse rolling辗压:tamping drum挤压:extruding拉拔:draft2、3 塑性加工工艺设计工艺规程:process specification锻件图:forging drawing敷料:dressing锻件余量:forging allowance锻件公差:forging tolerance工夹具:clamping apparatus加热设备:firing equipment加热规范:heating schedule冷却规范:cooling schedule后续处理:after treatment分模面:die parting face冲孔连皮:punching the wad模锻斜度:draft angle圆角半径:radius of corner圆饼类锻件:circumcresent cake-like forging 长轴类锻件:long axis-like forging2、4 锻件结构工艺性锥体:cone斜面:cant空间曲线:curve in space粗糙度:degree of roughness2、5 冲压件结构工艺性3 焊接焊接:welding铆接:riverting熔焊:fusion welding压焊:press welding钎焊:braze welding3、1 焊接理论基础冶金:metallurgy电弧焊:arc welding气焊:acetylene welding电渣焊:electro-slag welding 高能束焊:high energy welding 电子焊:electronic welding激光焊:laser welding等离子焊:plasma welding电弧:electric arc阳极区:anode region阴极区:negative polarity弧柱区:arc stream正接法:electrode negative method反接法:opposition method脱氧剂:deoxidizing agent焊缝:welded seam焊缝区:weld zone熔合区:fusion area热影响区:heat-affected zone脆性断裂:brittle fracture过热区:overheated zone正火区:normalized zone相变区:phase change zone焊接应力:welding stress收缩变形:contraction distortion角变形:angular deformation弯曲变形:bend deformation扭曲变形:warping deformation波浪变形:wave transformation反变形法:reversible deformation method 刚性固定法:rigid fixing method预热:warming-up缓冷:slow cool焊后热处理:postweld heat treatment矫形处理:shape-righting3、2 焊接方法埋弧焊:hidden arc welding气体保护焊:gas shielded arc welding氩弧焊:argon welding熔化极氩弧焊:consumable electrode argon welding 钨极氩弧焊:argon tungsten-arc welding二氧化碳气体保护焊:CO2 gas shielded arc welding 碳弧焊:carbon arc welding碳弧气刨:carbon arc air gouging电渣焊:electro-slag welding高能焊:high grade energy welding等离子弧切割:plasma arc cutting (PAC)堆焊:bead weld电阻焊:resistance welding电焊:electric welding缝焊:seam welding压焊:press welding多点凸焊:multiple projection welding对焊:welding neck摩擦焊:friction welding扩散焊:diffusion welding硬钎料:brazing alloy软钎料:soft solder3、3 常用金属材料的焊接焊接性:weldability焊接方法:welding method 焊接材料:welding material 焊条:electrode焊剂:flux material碳素钢:carbon steel低碳钢:low carbon steel中碳钢:medium carbon steel 高碳钢:high carbon steel低合金钢:lean alloy steel不锈钢:non-corrosive steel 有色金属:nonferrous metal 3、4 焊接工艺设计型材:sectional bar药皮:coating焊丝:soldering wire连续焊缝:continuous weld断续焊缝:intermittent weld应力集中:stress concentration焊接接头:soldered joint坡口:groove对接:abutting joint搭接:lap joint角接:corner joint4 粉末冶金(power metallurgy)粉末冶金成品:finished power metallurgical product 铁氧体:ferrite硬质合金:sintered-carbide高熔点金属:high-melting metal陶瓷:ceramic4、1 粉末冶金工艺理论基础压坯:pressed compact扩散:diffusion烧结:agglomeration固溶: solid solubility化合:combination4、2 粉末冶金的工艺流程制备:preparation预处理:anticipation电解法:electrolytic method雾化法:atomization粒度:grain size松装密度:loose density流动性:flowing power压缩性:compressibility筛分:screen separation混合:compounding制粒:pelletization过烧:superburning欠烧:underburnt5 金属复合成型技术自蔓延焊接:SHS welding热等静压:HIP准热等静压:PHIP5、1 液态成型技术与固态成型技术的复合高压铸造:high-pressure casting电磁泵:magnetic-pump压射成型:injection molding柱塞:plunger piston冲头:drift pin挤压法:extrusion method转向节:knuckle pivot制动器:arresting gear5、2 金属半凝固、半熔融成型技术凝固:freezing半熔融:semi-vitreous触变铸造:thixotropy casting触变锻造:thixotropy forging注射成型:injection molding5、3 其她金属成型新技术快速凝固:flash set非晶态:amorphous溢流法:press over system喷射沉积:ejecting deposit爆炸复合法:explosion cladding method 扩散焊接:diffusion welding挤压:extruding轧制:roll down6 非金属材料成型技术6、1 高分子材料成型技术高分子材料:non-metal material耐腐蚀:resistant material绝缘:insulation老化:ageing耐热性:heat-durability粘弹性:viscoelasticity塑料:plastic material橡胶:rubber合成纤维:synthetic fibre涂料:covering material粘结剂:agglomerant粘度:viscosity热塑性塑料:thermoplastic plastics 热固性塑料:thermosetting plastic 通用塑料:general-purpose plastics 工程塑料:engineering plastic薄膜:thin film增强塑料:reinforced plastics浇注塑料:pouring plastics注射塑料:injiection plastics挤出塑料:extrusion plastics吹塑塑料:blowing plastics模压塑料:die pressing plastics聚合物:ploymer semiconductor吸湿性:hygroscopic cargo定向作用:directional action生胶:green glue stock填料:carrier丁苯橡胶:SBR顺丁橡胶:BR氯丁橡胶:CR丁腈橡胶:NBR硅橡胶:Q聚氨酯橡胶:U压延:calender硫化:sulfuration胶粘剂:adhesive胶接:glue joint刹车片:brake block零件修复:parts renewal蜂窝夹层:honeycomb core material 6、2 工业陶瓷制品的成型技术干燥:drying坯料:blank润滑剂:anti-friction结合剂:binder热压铸:hot injiection moulding6、3 非金属材料成型技术的新进展热压烧结:hot pressed sintering7 复合材料的成型技术复合材料:composite material树脂:resin7、1 金属复合材料的成型技术硼纤维:boron fiber钛合金:titanium alloy碳纤维:carbon filter等离子喷涂:plasma spraying浸渍法:immersion method锭坯:ingot blank7、2 聚合物基复合材料的成型技术晶须:whisker缠绕成形:enwind forming湿法缠绕:wet method enwind7、3 陶瓷复合材料成型技术料浆:slurry溶胶-凝胶法:sol-gel method化学气相沉积: chemical vapor deposition (CVD)原位:in situ8 材料成型方法的选择粉末冶金:powder metallurgy 工程塑料:engineering plastics 工程陶瓷:engineering ceramics。
第三章-Properties-of-Materials材料的性能PPT课件
淬火钢球或硬质合金球D(mm)压入试样表面
测量圆形压痕d, 圆形压痕表面积S
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41
(1)布氏硬度HB：
F
2F
HB
S D(D D2d2)
淬火钢球： HBS<450 硬质合金球：HBW=450~650。
-
42
(2)HB表示方法：
数字 + 硬度符号 + 数字 /
↓
↓
↓
硬度值 (HBW或HBS) 钢球直径
溶剂都可以将其溶解； • 交联型高分子在有机溶剂中不溶解，但能溶胀，使材
料体积膨胀，性能变差； • 不同的高分子材料，其分子链以及侧基不同，对各种
有机溶剂表现出不同的耐受性； • 组织结构对耐溶剂性也有较大影响。
– 例如，作为结晶性聚合物，聚乙烯在大多数有机溶剂中都难 溶，因而具有很好的耐溶剂性。
-
• 聚四氟乙烯有极好的耐老化性能
– 氟原子与碳原子形成牢固的化学键；
– 氟原子的尺寸大小适中，一个紧挨一个，能把碳链紧紧 包围住。
• 分子链中含有不饱和双键、聚酰氨的酰氨键、聚碳酸 酯的酯键、聚砜的碳硫键、聚苯醚的苯环上的甲基等 等，都会降低高分子材料的耐老化性。
-
26
耐老化性的提高
(3) Chemical stability of polymers
• 延伸率
elongation
l f l0 100%
l0
• 断面收缩率
reduction of area
A0 Af 100%
A0
< 5%：
脆性材料
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35
材料的一些力学性能特点：
• 很多金属材料既有高的强度，又有良好的延展性； • 多晶材料的强度高于单晶材料；
材料科学与工程专业英语6
材料科学与工程专业英语6Composite materials复合材料Ferroconcrete钢筋混凝土Steel reinforcement钢筋Civil engineering土木工程Polymeric materials聚合物材料Structural properties结构性能Tailor structure performance调整结构 Thermal expansion热膨胀Fatigue resistance耐疲劳Science efforts科研工作Comprehension综合理解Optimization最佳化Structural composite materials结构复合材料 Component部件Economic经济上State of the art技术水平Satisfy specific requite满足特殊需求 Thermoplastic based composite 热塑性塑料基复合材料Composites based on Natural occurring materials天然存在材料为基体的复合材料Resin树脂Cost-efficient合算Biomedical生物医学Concurrent engineering methodology并存的工程方法论Natural tissues天然组织College of material science and engineering材料科学与工程学院Cross-disciplinary strategies交叉学科策略 National institute for advanced interdisciplinary research国家先进跨学科研究院Combining element综合元素Tissue engineering组织工程Trend趋势Quality assurance质量保证Specific functional properties功能特性 The principal requirement最主要的要求 Filler size填料大小Surface chemical nature表面化学特性 Magnetic-elastic磁致弹性Significantly enhance明显提高Elasto-dynamic response弹性动力学响应 Atoms原子Electrons电子Mature manufacturing technology成熟加工技术 Set at design level处于设计水平Expectation期望Sensor传感器Actuators调节器Organ器官Artificial prosthesis人造假肢 Muscle肌肉Cartilage软骨Soft tissue软组织Composite structure复合结构 Biohybrid technology生物杂化技术Culture cells培养细胞Delivery vehicle运载工具 Polymeric biodegradable scaffold可降解的聚合物支架纳米材料Nanostructured materials纳米材料 Categories种类Chemical composition化学组成 The arrangement of the atoms原子排列Atomic structure原子结构 Solid state physics固体物理 Inert gas惰性气体Condensation冷凝Amorphous无固定形状的 Precipitation沉降Crystalline结晶Devices器件装备Multilayer quantum多层量子 Nanometer-sized纳米尺寸 Bulk块状Ion implantation离子植入 Laser beam激光束Supersaturated liquid饱和液体 Atomic structure of solid surface固体表面的原子结构Hardness硬的Modify修改修饰Corrosion resistance抗腐蚀 Wear resistance耐磨损Protective coating保护层 Subgroup分枝Free surface自由表面Pattern模型Lithograph光蚀刻Local probes局部探测Near-field近场Focused聚焦的Beams电流能量Integrated circuit集成电路 Single electron transistor单电子晶体管Building blocks构筑模型 Gels胶体Supersaturated solid solutions过饱和固溶体Nano-length scale纳米尺度 Implanted materials植入材料 Quenching淬火Annealing退火Assembled装配Incoherent非共格Coherent interface共格晶面 Heterogeneous非均质的 Grain boundaries晶界Inherently天生的，固有的 Synonymous同义的Exclusively专有的，表征 Concept概念Industrial society工业社会 Triggered引发Technological revolution科技发展 Steam engine蒸汽机Initiated开创Industrial era工业时代 Silicon technology硅技术 Phase阶段Embryonic胚胎Intergration集成Illustrate说明Chemical systems化学物系 Monomer单体Block模板Backbone主链Organism有机体Life science生命科学Macroscopic design宏观设计 Molecular application of synthetic materials合成材料的结构应用Reshuffle重组Buzz Word术语Phenomena现象Scientific environment科学环境 Microscopy显微技术Determine确定Characterize表征Architecture结构Fullerenes富勒烯Nanotube纳米管Dendritic枝状Hyperbranched超支化 Promising希望Milestone里程碑Dendrimers枝状单体Multifunctional macromolecular多功能大分子Non-covalent非共价Covalent compound共价化合物 Ionic compound离子化合物 Organic compound有机化合物 Supramolecular超分子 Mimicking模拟Potential关键Sustainable民用Modify改变Concept of life生活观念 Thorough彻底Chemical industry化学工业 Merger合并Fusion融合Life cycle生命周期S-curve S曲线Cracker裂化装置Bulk polymer本体聚合物 Synergy协同作用Solution provider决策者 Principal原理Spin-off company派生公司 Pronounced明确的Polymeric materials高分子材料 Co-operation合作Venture capital风险投资 Entrepreneurial spirit企业家精神 Crucial至关重要Capacitor电容器Water purification systems水纯化装置Solid-solubility固熔度 Electronegativity电负性 Chemical formula化学式Stainless steels不锈钢Transition metal过渡金属 Copolymer共聚物Homopolymer均聚物Cells in parallel并联Cells in series串联Inorganic nomatallic material无机非金属Wavelength波长Dielectric constant介电常数 Adverse effect副作用Fatigue resistance抗疲劳性 Defect缺陷Photovoltaic cell光生伏打灯 Biomimetic仿生Uniform均一的Dispersion分散Short circuit短路Battery shot电池短路Open circuit开路Environmental friendly环境友好 Interdisciplinary各学科间的Mechanical机械的、力学的 Magnetic磁力的Optical视觉的Deteriorative变化的Van der waals bonds范德瓦耳斯力TEM电子透射显微镜。
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Process :
Dissociation of hydrocarbon mtrCaonlVescDituilogenrsomwcaetthtaalmly. zeecdhabnyistmhe
Preparation
Production Methods
1.Arc-discharge method ser Vaporization method 3.Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)
CVD methods have been successfully applied in making carbon nanotubes. The growth process with this method involves heating a catalyst material to high temperatures in a tube furnace and flowing a hydrocarbon gas through the tube reactor for a period of time. Materials grown over the catalyst are collected upon cooling the system to room temperature.
Wet Spinning
An aqueous suspension of carbon nanotubes, stabilized by a surfactant, is injected into a flowing solution of polyvinyl alcohol which causes the fiber to coagulate. It is then removed from the bath and washed to remove excess polymer.
Dissolution and saturation of carbon atoms in the metal nanoparticle.
Precipitation of carbon from the saturated metal particle leads to the formation of tubular carbon solids in sp2 structure.
Schematic experimental setups for other two nanotube growth methods
Single-walled nanotubes grown by laser ablation
Structure and Properties
The uniqueness of the nanotube arises from its structure and the inherent subtlety in the structure, which is the helicity in the arrangement of the carbon atoms in hexagonal arrays on their surface honeycomb lattices.
Left diagram: base growth mode. Right diagram: tip growth mode
The adsorption of a C2 dimer or a C3 trimer at the active dangling bond edge site will add one hexagon to the open end.
One-DimensionalNanomaterials ——CarbonNanotubes
Reporter: Teammates:Wanjun WuYuanhe WangBinbin
Outlin e
1
1 Introduction
2 Preparation
3 Structure and Properties
4 Applications
Introduction
Sumio Iijima Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was first discovered by Iijima in 1991
CNTs
SWCNTs MWCNTs
CNTs: rolling up a thin graphene sheet.
Tubule formation is favored over other forms of carbon, because a tube contains no dangling bonds and therefore is in a low energy form.
Growth mechanism of a carbon nanotube at an open end by the absorption of C2 dimers and C3 trimers (in black), respectively
CNTs
large aspect ratio
high thermal conductivity
large currentcarrying capability
high electron mobility
low mass density
superior mechanical properties
Organization into Fibers
The helicity (local symmetry), along with the diameter (which determines the size of the repeating structural unit) introduces significant changes in the electronic density of states, and hence provides a unique electronic character for the nanotubes.