八年级英语阅读理解与完形填空专项训练
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八年级英语阅读理解与完形填空教案
阅读理解解题步骤:
1. 浏览全文,捕捉信息。要求考生通过浏览全文,掌握其大意了解作者的观点和写作意图。
2. 细读思考题,分析信息。通读(浏览全文)短文后,已对文章或段落大意有所了解再读考题,对要捕捉的信息进行分析、推理,这样便可先解答与主题思想有关的问题。
3. 复读全文,抓住细节。带着问题去复读,可缩小复读的范围,更便于捕捉关键的信息。复读时可边读边用铅笔做些标记,把有关的人物、事件、时间、地点、起因(即5W:who, what, when, where, why)划出来。例如:凡人物就圈起来,看完一遍,有几个圈就是几个人,一目了然。经过这样的处理,你对文章的内容和细节便清楚了,对其中矛盾的产生、发展和解决心里就会有底了。
另外,在复读全文时,还应特别注意首段或每一自然段的首句,以及结尾句。因为短文的首句和首段往往是作者要说明的对象或事件的起因;作者阐述自己的观点或事件发生的时间、地点与人物的联系。结尾句、段是事件的结论或作者表达的态度、意图、目的等。这样一来便容易抓住中心,为准确、快速地解题打下良好的基础。
4. 解答问题,选定答案。对那些明显的,有把握的题可以断然圈定。遇到不会做的问题可暂时不做,把每个问题阅读完毕,等会做的题已做完,然后再回头做剩下的题目。在做题时,如果遇到困难,再重新查阅。这次重读,要针对问题的要求,抓住重点,一次求得正确答案。
5. 再读全文,核对答案。这是最后一步,也是重要的一步,不能疏忽。这一步骤要用全文的主题思想统率各考题,把我们在阅读和答题时所得到的信息归纳整理一遍后重新再读一遍短文检查答案,看是否前后一致;意义和语言知识是否和原文相符;是否符合逻辑等。发现前后矛盾、遗漏要点等错误,要立即纠正。
要注意的是,改正原来选定的答案,一定要慎之又慎。一定要有充分的理由,才可改前答案。
阅读理解解题技巧分析
一. 事实询问题
此类题型的问题以what、who、which、when、where、how或why等词引导,就文中某句、某段或某一具体细节设问并要求考生回答:如:
The Internet can show you a lot of jobs all over the world. If you want to find a job on the Internet, use the words “job search”or“employment”to find the websites you need.
()What does the passage tell you to do first if you want to find a job on the Internet?
A. To type in “job search”to find the websites.
B. To write a good resume.
C. To prepare for an interview
D. To get an English dictionary
这是一道典型的事实询问题,因为它的答案可以直接从文段中找到。根据第二句话,可以得知A为正确答案。
解这类题的主要方法是:1. 明确题意。2. 寻找答案来源。3. 找准关键词。4. 反复阅读。
二数据推算题
此题要求学生就文章提供的数据,以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。
Visit Swansea Zoo
Come and see the Indian elephants and the new tigers from America. The bears are waiting to meet you, and the monkeys from China are waiting to throw things at you. The lovely dogs from Australia are waiting to laugh at you, and the giraffes from Zambia are waiting to look down on you.
Tickets Opening time
Grown-ups: $ 3 9:00 am ––– 4:00 pm
Children: Over 12:$2 except Friday
Under 12: Free 10:00 am –– 3:00 pm
()1. How much does Mr Smith have to pay if he visits the zoo with his sons of fourteen and ten?
A. $2.00 b. $5.00 C. $4.00 D. $3.00
()2. Which of the following is the visiting time?
A. 8:30 am, Wed
B. 9:30 am, Fri
C. 3:00 pm, Sun
D. 4:00 pm, Tue
做此类题一要抓住有关的数据,二要从众多的信息中找出那些有用的信息,三要抓住一些关键词。实际上,上述两题都可看作数据推算题,一题是算钱,另一题是算时间。
通过阅读我们发现布告中的所有数据都是有用的,那么关键词是:grown-ups, children, over 12, under 12, opening time, except Friday。第一题中Mr Smith是成人,须买3块钱的门票,他一个14岁的儿子需买2块钱的门票,另一个不满12岁的儿子可免票,所以Mr Smith先生需花5块钱,B是
1
正确答案。第二题C是正确答案。
三. 主旨大意题
此类题型用以考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解。如:
What does the passage mainly talk about?
What is the main idea of this passage?
What does the writer want to tell us?
What is the best title of this passage?
每一篇文章都有它的主题句,而每一个段落也各有主题句,它一般都用来表示一篇文章或一个段落的主旨大意。因此,找出文章和各段落的主题句(往往为第一句或最后一句)是解题的关键。抓住了主题句,文章的最佳标题也就不难确定了。如:推理判断题哪一节中的例文我们给它起个什么标题好呢?我们在它后面再加上一段话:
One dollar for changing a new part sounds reasonable(合理的), but the $ 29,999 is exactly the value of wisdom and knowledge.
()The best title for the passage should be ________ .
A. The Value of Knowledge
B. Helpless Workers
C. The Expensive Machine
D. The Lucky Factory
文中的最后一句是整篇文章的主题句,也就是文章的标题,即:The Value of Knowledge“知识的价值”,A为正确答案。
四. 经验常识题
此类题主要是考查中学生应有的多项综合知识,包括:社会、天文、史地、科普及生活常识等。此类题往往与文章没有直接关系,学生只能凭自己的常识进行判断,然后做出符合规律的正确选择。如:
()We can guess when a giraffe sees a tiger ______ .
A. it will run away as fast as possible
B. it will run to eat the tiger
C. it will make the tiger bring it something to eat
D. it will make one of the smallest animals bring the tiger something to eat
这就是一道考查常识的题,长颈鹿看到老虎当然是尽快跑开,故A是正确答案。
五.任务型阅读
Today is Jane’s birthday. It is seven o’clock. Everything was ready. On the table, there are many different kinds of food. And in the middle of the table, there is a very big cake. Jane is looking at it, and feels excited. “Why didn’t they come by then? I told them to come at seven.” Jane said to her mother worriedly. One, two, three ... Twenty-five minutes passed. But no one came. Jane ran to the door and opened it. No one was there. When it was half past seven, the doorbell rang. Jane opened the door quickly.
“Happy birthday to you!” they said. And they gave some flowers to J ane. After that, they ate the big cake, apples, oranges, pears, beef and so on. They sang and danced happily. At ten they went home. They all felt tired but happy.
Read the passage and answer the following questions.(阅读短文,回答问题。)
1.Were Jane’s friends all at Jane’s home at seven?
2. What’s in the middle of the table?
3.When did Jane’s friends come?
4.What did they give to Jane?
5. Did they have a good time?
完形填空
解题指导
1. 选择型完形填空解题方法
完形填空对考生的能力要求比较高。要顺利解答这类考题,必须要有扎实的语言基础知识和综合运用所学英语知识的能力以及一定的分析、推理判断能力。还应熟悉各种体裁、题材的文章,具有一定的语感和快速阅读能力。
完整填空:一般在文中的第一句和最后一句不会挖空。主要涉及到动词、名词(含代词)、形
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