雅思阅读做题技巧的基本规律解读

雅思阅读做题技巧的基本规律解读
雅思阅读做题技巧的基本规律解读, 为你拨开迷雾让你醍醐灌顶。

今天给大家带来了雅思阅读做题技巧的基本规律解读,希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

雅思阅读做题技巧的基本规律解读为你拨开迷雾让你醍醐灌顶
一.文章的选择
首先，我们要简单探讨一下雅思考试中所用文章的范畴。

雅思文章的总是集中在商业、社会科学和基础科学领域。

出题者总是喜欢选择非常具体的题目。

可能考生对这些题目的背景知之甚少。

但稍后你会发现，你并不需要这样的知识。

事实上，如果你试图依靠背景知识答题才会有麻烦。

如果你对此题目知之甚少，不必担心。

你很快就会知道如何应对并得出正确答案。

对于这些文章的更具体的来源呢，细心的同学已经发现从剑四开始每本书的后面都多了一个acknowledgements。

其实在acknowledgements里面已经给出了剑桥这几本材料里面阅读文章的来源。

经过总结归纳不难发现,雅思A类文章主要来自于学术出版物,而非一般娱乐性出版物。

其中主要用到的学术杂志如下: 1.New Scientist这本杂志被用到的频率最高,如剑四中的Lost for Words,Play is a Serious Business,剑五中的What’s So Funny?, Flawed Beauty: the Problem with Toughened Glass,和剑六中的多篇文章Australia’s Sporting Success,Climate Change and the Inuit,Graying Population Stays in the Pink,Do Literate Women Make Better Mothers? 2.The Economist
列居其次,如剑五中的The Truth about the Environment,剑六中的Delivering the Goods 3.还有AmericanScientist和Scientific American这两个主要的美国学术期刊,例如剑五的Disappearing Delta和剑六的The Search for Anti-aging Pills。

此外，雅思出题者总爱用很多数字、数据和专业的术语。

雅思极其细节化。

这看来可能会使考生无法招架。

但实际上这些信息只是我们的工具和朋友。

你不必记忆文章的全部内容。

事实上，因为雅思考试出题者总喜欢将注意力放在具体的细节上，在阅读时几乎没有必要理解其“文章大意”。

绝大多数问题都与文章中出现的具体信息有关。

答案都摆在你眼前!几乎不需要自己的推理。

一旦你知道怎样适当的阅读，就会很容易找到答案。

一旦你知道怎样定位，你的成绩自然也会提高。

二.应试者会遇到的主要问题及如何应对
因为，我们说过后面也还会具体分析到，所有的答案都摆在你眼前，窍门就是找出它们。

如果我们有一整天的时间阅读，这可能不是什么问题。

很遗憾，我们的时间有限，仅有一个小时。

时间问题就显得尤为重要。

我们绝不能紧张和慌乱。

相反，你要做的仅仅是在阅读的同时应用我们的黄金法则。

在看的同时，了解你要找什么――我们稍后会对这一方法详细解释――能解决这一问题。

再强调一遍，放松、不要读的太快。

速度应适当。

另一个可能的问题是词汇量。

如我们所说过的，雅思考试中所用的词汇可能非常专业，有时甚至很复杂。

即使如此，这一问题也很容
易解决。

所有需要理解的关键词汇在文中都会给出解释。

如果没有解释，这个词就很可能并不重要。

甚至如果有问题问到了你不熟的词，也是有办法解决的，这一点会在后面讲到。

三.考试的结构
阅读部分包括三篇文章，每篇后有13-14个问题。

这些问题一般分为8种(有的机构或老师也分为10种，不过这不影响什么)，但也存在一些变化。

对每类题型都有不同的办法。

当然也有一些适用于所有题型的基本方法。

下面我会先谈谈这些基本方法，即“黄金法则”，之后再用更大的篇幅讨论每一题型的具体方法。

四.普遍规律
A.所有的答案就在你眼前
雅思与其它标准考试(如GRE)不同，它仅考查语言。

这对于应试者意味着什么呢?这表明，雅思考试并不考查你的推理能力。

出题者不会给你提供信息然后让你基于这些信息得出结论。

相反，他们给你提供信息并问你这些信息。

基本上，他们都是让你重复刚刚给你的信息。

这一规律如何应用呢?虽然有时你会被问到一篇文章的主题或为这篇文章选一个合适的标题，但绝大多数的问题都会关注文章中给出的细节信息。

你要做的仅是把他提供的信息再重复给他。

你不会被要求基于这些信息得出结论。

以下面的摘录为例：
“Research in Britain has shown that “green consumers” continue to flourish as a significant group amongst shoppers. This suggests that
politicians who claim environmentalism is yesterday’s issue may be seriously misjudging the public mood.” Based upon this passage, you will never be asked a question like:“There has been a continued presence of “green consumers” in the British market because of …”
A. the rise of the Green party.
B. Concern with global warming
C. Fear of Mad Cow Disease
D. Concern with general state of environment
这些答案都没有的文章中出现。

所以，雅思考试绝不会问这类问题。

相反，他们会问这样的问题：
“Politicians may have “misjudged the public mood” because…”
A. they are pre-occupied with the recession and financial problems.
B. There is more widespread interest in the environmental agenda than they anticipated.
C. Consumer spending has increased significantly as a result of “green” pressure.
D. Shoppers are displeased with government policies on a range of issues.正如文中所说，政治家们认为消费者不再关心环境问题是他们错误判断了民意。

答案显易见。

这就是雅思考试的出题方法。

正确答案是“B”。

对于此规律也会出现一些例外，我们也发现了一些。

但至少现在我们弄清了自己的任务。

我们的任务并非掌握或记忆面前的信息，而
是了解出题者让我们寻找的信息是什么。

因为我们知道可以找得到所有的答案，下面我们要掌握的就是如何寻找了。

如果我们的阅读的同时就知道要找什么，我们甚至可能在知道问题是什么之前就找到答案。

B.词汇――上下文是关键
由于雅思考试非常专业的特性，必定会出现许多读者不熟悉的词汇。

这一点不必担心。

事实上，雅思考试出题者看来已经进行着意的设计使词汇根本不成为问题。

一旦我们知道对付词汇的一些固定规律，这些文章就再也不难了。

当然，准备考试的最佳方法是增加词汇量。

实现此目的的绝佳方法是泛读。

因为雅思文章的来源都与商业和科学相关，研读商业期刊、报纸及与具体社会潮流相关的文章最为理想。

然而我们用于阅读的时间有限。

掌握所有的英文单词是不可能的。

简单得多的办法是应用我们对于词汇的另一条黄金法则，即上下文是关键。

雅思考试的特点之一就是，在实际操作中，不必掌握应用于特定文章中的词汇。

文章本身就会给出与不熟悉的词汇相关的所有必要信息。

例如，雅思出题者总爱在文章之一的题目中用一个难词。

以“biometrics”为例。

说英语的人也不大可能知道这个词，因为这个词相对较新且不常用。

但出题者并非只给出这个词而不作解释。

在文章中就给出了“biometrics”的定义。

我们得知它是一种：“little-know but fast-growing technology that involves the use of physical of biological
characteristics to identify indivi duals.” 这样我们就知道了词意。

如果我们密切留意并不要忘记黄金法则，我们总是可以找得到这些生词的定义。

在这一点上雅思出题者似乎对我们很是关照。

举关于port city的一篇文章为例。

同样，大多数说英语的人可能也不能区分a port 和a harbour。

这些词就可能存在问题。

那出题者会怎样使其简单化呢?他们会在文章中给出明确的定义。

“Harbour is a physical concept, a shelter for ships; port is an economic concept a center of land-sea exchange which requites good access to a hinterland even more than a sea-linked foreland.” 在对它们提问之前，混淆就已经澄清了。

出题者不会不对关键的词汇作出解释。

不用担心。

只需仔细阅读，在文章中找到这些定义，就没有问题啦。

必须承认，有时也会有非常细致的问题问到复杂的词汇。

同样，出题者也会手下留情。

这类问题最好举例来说明。

在以下的片断中我们读到：
“Th e genetic inheritance a baby receives from its parents at the moment of conception fixes much of its later development, determining characteristics as varied as whether it will have blue eyes or suffer from a life-threatening illness such as cystic fibrosi s… In 1986, American researchers identified the genetic defect underlying one type of muscular dystrophy. In 1989, a team of American and Canadian biologists announced that they had found the site of the gene which, when defective, gives rise to cystic fib rosis.”
如果我们被要求完成下面的句子：
“The second success of research into genetic defect was to find the cause of …”
如上面文章中所说的，句中缺失的词是“cystic fibrosis”。

尽管我们可能根本不知道“cystic fibrosis”是什么，我们也根本不需要知道。

需要我们做的只是理解它前后的词。

将它当作数学题中的x变量即可。

知道它与前后文怎样连接就足够了。

出题者绝不会这样问：“Why is cystic fibrosis a genetic defect?” 这样的问法就会要求我们掌握这个词。

相反，雅思考试是要考查我们联系上下文理解事物的能力。

一旦我们了解了这一点，看到生词就再也不会紧张了。

此法则还有另一种应用途径。

出题者有时可能会在不是考点的地方使用复杂的表述甚至或是口语化的表达。

要理解全文知道它们的意思仍然很重要。

以下文为例：
“The consumer research manager for Mintel, Angela Hughes, s aid it (environmental consumerism) has become firmly established as a mainstream market. She explained that as far as the average person is concerned environmentalism has not ‘gone off the boil’. In fact, it has spread across a much wider range of consumer groups, ages and occupations.”
“gone off the boil” 这种表达只用于英国。

许多说英语的人也不会了解，应试者可能也是同样。

但如前一个例子一样，上下文可能帮助
我们了解它的意思。

在密切关注连接词及它前后的词后，我们可以猜测它的意思。

词组“in fact”就是好线索。

例如在此句中，“in fact” 让我们了解到我们所期待的情况并未发生。

相反，出现的是生态消费主义(environmental consumerism—估译)的增长。

那么，期待发生的又是什么呢?一定是对生态消费主义兴趣的衰退。

不必完全懂得“off the boil”的含义，我们现在也知道它意味着对环境问题关注的减退。

这一方法不仅可应用于口语化的表达方法。

每当我们看到“but”, “however”, “on the other hand”, 及“instead”，我们就知道前面论述的内容遭到了抵触或否定。

当我们看到“as well”, “in addition”, 及“moreover”时，后面是支持前面的论述。

密切留意句中的选词。

上下文是关键。

应用此法则，文章就会变得清晰起来。

C.答案是什么――热点
列表、调查数据、试验结果、数字，数据和其它此类信息就是雅思考试的“热点”。

换句话说，一旦我们的考试时遇到这样的东西，就应立即注意。

这些将是我们找到特定问题答案的工具。

一般而言，雅思考试要求你做的仅仅是重复它给出的信息。

没有必要记住这些信息。

它们太多了。

我们所要做的只是找出它们。

同样，在寻找的过程中，有几种提高速度的特定方法。

首先，我们可以利用数字或符号(如$、、etc.)。

阅读文章时这些东西会很醒目使你很容易的定位。

当你看到一个问题中提到了“$444,000”，现在你就会了解文章中的答案也应在此数字的前后。

如
果你找到了这个数字，你也就找到了此问题的答案。

这一事实使热点尤为重要。

例如，一个问题中提到了“1937”，这一数据可以在文中被轻松找到。

在这一数据旁边，你就可以找到答案。

这一方法之所以这么有效，是因为雅思考试中的问题往往很细节化。

以下面的片断为例：
“The changing awareness has been most marked in English-speaking countries, where the revelation has gradually dawned that by no means everyone in the world knows English well enough to negotiate in it. This is especially a problem when English is not an official language of public administration, as in most parts of the Far East, Russia, Eastern Europe, the Arab world, Latin America and French-speaking Africa.”
当我们一看到这些国家名的列表(典型热点)，就应立即引起注意。

为什么要注意呢?虽然不是数字或数据，它们是一系列专用名词。

这些专用名词也很容易在文章中找到。

周围的词可能很难浏览，会需要你停顿下来想它们的意思，但热点却非常容易找到。

这里的国家太多很难记住。

我们不必如此。

事实上我们可以不读此部分，只知道是一串国家即可。

一旦在问题中看到这些热点，就利用它们找出答案。

极有可能会出现这的问题：“An example of a part of the world where people may have difficulty in negotiation in English is…”读到此问题，我们会立即意识到它在问一个国家名。

因为我们已经注意到了可能的热点，找到它就不会存在任何困难。

任何一个国家都可以。

例如，我们在此空中填“Latin America”，就完成了。

利用热点，我们可
以在知道问题之前就猜测可能的答案。

在我们讨论过下一条黄金法则――扫、扫、读、读――之后，寻找热点的方法将会变得更加清晰。

D.阅读方法――扫、扫、读、读
雅思考试中选用的文章是难读又费时。

应试者在给定的时间内可能根本不能读完整篇文章。

不必为此担心。

有一些窍门可以帮助你在文章中直接找出正确答案。

让我一步步解释。

在阅读部分开始时，你首先该做什么呢?第一步，大致浏览(扫)一下文章。

寻找那些不变和显眼的东西，如数据、数字、和地名等。

这些东西，也就是我们前面说过的热点，在文章中很容易看到。

例如一个如“$444,000”这样的数字就很容易看到。

首先看一眼这些地方，并试图形成概念，即它们大致在文章的什么地方。

此时不要细读文章。

简单扫一下就行。

也就是说，花一点时间，找出最为显眼的细节并标出它们在哪。

之后，扫一下问题。

看看问题中是否包含任何的数字或数据?如果有，答案就应很容易找到。

让我们再简单的复习一下。

利用问题中没有改变的信息--如数据、金额、或专有名称――定位答案。

一些人喜欢将其称为“胡桃夹子(nutcracker)”法。

如果我们可以找到文章中不变的要素，我们就可以利用它们敲开许多“nut”，里面就是我们的答案啦。

而这些不变的要素就是我们所说的容易辨认和找到的热点。

扫完问题之后，返回到文章。

现在我们真正开始阅读。

然而，我们仍然不用花费时间去阅读整篇文章。

此时只读每段的首末句。

我们
就可以形成概念，什么信息在文章的什么地方。

我们知道了每一段的主题，也就知道了相关的信息可以在哪里找到。

这就意味着我们可以轻松的在文中定位答案。

我们要再稍稍讨论一下这一点。

比如，我们已经读完了每段的首末句，又返回到问题。

这一次我们就不是仅仅扫问题，而是要读它们。

读过问题之后，我们就会知道它具体关于什么。

知道了这一点，就可以开始找答案了。

毕竟，答案都在我们的眼前。

我们的热点及对每段主题的了解将帮助我们找到答案。

就算我们不能通过热点找到答案，现在我们也会很清楚答案大约的位置。

虽然我们仍然需要寻找，但范围已经缩至特定的段落。

如果我们要找的信息不在首末句中，下一步要找的就应是此段中的例子。

这是很关键的一步，在大多数情况下，信息会在那里给出。

所以，如果发现问题中提及的一个特定的公司、国家、或甚至是个人，就应从那一部分开始寻找，答案最可能就在那里出现。

如果，在读完首句、末句、及此段中的例子之后，你仍然找不到答案，这时候你才有必要通读全段。

重点在于，这是你第一次真正通读文章的某一部分。

事实上通读文章是你应最后采取的办法。

因为我们知道时间有限，而且我们也没有必要通读文章，所以这是我们实在找不到答案时方才采取的办法。

就算此时，我们也没有必要通读全文，只阅读相关的段落即可。

需要强调的是绝大多数的问题都是细节化的，并很容易通过热点找到。

但如果问题问得范围较大，涉及到某段的内容。

那程序也是先
读首句、末句，再读例子，之后如果仍有必要，再通读整段。

总的说来，最佳的阅读方法就是，浏览文章、浏览问题、阅读每段的首末句、之后再读问题。

这就是扫、扫、读、读的方法。

雅思阅读机经真题解析-Radio Automation
Today they are everywhere. Production lines controlled by computers and operated by robots. Theres no chatter of assembly workers, just the whirr and click of machines. In the mid-1940s, the workerless factory was still the stuff of science fiction. There were no computers to speak of and electronics was primitive. Yet hidden away in the English countryside was a highly automated production line called ECME, which could turn out 1500 radio receivers a day with almost no help from human hands.
A
John Sargrove, the visionary engineer who developed the technology, was way ahead of his time. For more than a decade, Sargrove had been trying to figure out how to make cheaper radios. Automating the manufacturing process would help. But radios didnt lend themselves to such methods: there were too many parts to fit together and too many wires to solder. Even a simple receiver might have 30 separate components and 80 hand-soldered connections. At every stage, things had to be tested and inspected. Making radios required highly skilled labor-and lots of it.
B
In 1944, Sargrove came up with the answer. His solution was to dispense with most of the fiddly bits by inventing a primitive chip-a slab of Bakelite with all the receivers electrical components and connections embedded in it. This was something that could be made by machines, and he designed those too. At the end of the war, Sargrove built an automatic production line, which he called ECME (electronic circuit-making equipment), in a small factory in Effingham, Surrey.
ECME Line
C
An operator sat at one end of each ECME line, feeding in the plates. She didnt need much skill, only quick hands. From now on, everything was controlled by electronic switches and relays. First stop was the sandbluster, which roughened the surface of the plastic so that molten metal would stick to it. The plates were then cleaned to remove any traces of grit. The machine automatically checked that the surface was rough enough before sending the plate to the spraying section. There, eight nozzles rotated into position and sprayed molten zinc over both sides of the plate. Again, the nozzles only began to spray when a plate was in place. The plate whizzed on. The next stop was the milling machine, which ground away the surface layer of metal to leave the circuit and other components in the grooves and recesses. Now the plate was a
composite of metal and plastic. It sped on to be lacquered and have its circuits tested. By the time it emerged from the end of the line, robot hands had fitted it with sockets to attach components such as valves and loudspeakers. When ECME was working flat out, the whole process took 20 seconds.
D
ECME was astonishingly advanced. Electronic eyes, photocells that generated a small current when a panel arrived, triggered each step in the operation, so avoiding excessive wear and tear on the machinery The plates were automatically tested at each stage as they moved along the conveyor. And if more than two plates in succession were duds, the machines were automatically adjusted-or If necessary halted. In a conventional factory, workers would test faulty- circuits and repair them. But Sargroves assembly line produced circuits so cheaply they Just threw away the faulty ones. Sargroves circuit board was even more astonishing for the time. It predated the more familiar printed circuit, with wiring printed on aboard, yet was more sophisticated. Its built-in components made it more like a modem chip.
E
When Sargrove unveiled his invention at a meeting of the British Institution of Radio Engineers in February 1947, the assembled engineers were impressed. So was the man from The Times. ECME, he reported the
following day, produces almost without human labour, a complete radio receiving set. This new method of production can be equally well applied to television and other forms of electronic apparatus.
F
The receivers had many advantages over their predecessors. Wit components they were more robust. Robots didnt make the sorts of mistakes human assembly workers sometimes did. Wiring mistakes just cannot happen/ wrote Sargrove. No wires also meant the radios were lighter and cheaper to ship abroad. And with no soldered wires to come unstuck, the radios were more reliable. Sargrove pointed out that the circuit boards didnt have to be flat. They could be curved, opening up the prospect of building the electronics into the cabinet of Bakelite radios.
G
Sargrove was all for introducing this type of automation to other products. It could be used to make more complex electronic equipment than radios, he argued. And even if only part of a manufacturing process were automated, the savings would be substantial. But while his invention was brilliant, his timing was bad. ECME was too advanced for its own good. It was only competitive on huge production runs because each new job meant retooling the machines. But disruption was frequent. Sophisticated as it was, ECME still depended on old-fashioned electromechanical relays and valves-which failed with monotonous
regularity. The state of Britains economy added to Sargroves troubles. Production was dogged by power cuts and post-war shortages of materials. Sargroves financial backers began to get cold feet.
H
There was another problem Sargrove hadnt foreseen. One of ECMEs biggest advantages-the savings on the cost of labour-also accelerated its downfall. Sargroves factory had two ECME production lines to produce the two circuits needed for each radio. Between them these did what a thousand assembly workers would otherwise have done. Human hands were needed only to feed the raw material in at one end and plug the valves into their sockets and fit the loudspeakers at the other. After that, the only job left was to fit the pair of Bakelite panels into a radio cabinet and check that it worked.
I
Sargrove saw automation as the way to solve post-war labor shortages. With somewhat Utopian idealism, he imagined his new technology would free people from boring, repetitive jobs on the production line and allow them to do more interesting work. Dont get the idea that we are out to rob people of their jobs, he told the Daily Mirror. “Our task is to liberate men and women from being sl aves of machines.
J
The workers saw things differently. They viewed automation in the
same light as the everlasting light bulb or the suit that never wears out-as a threat to peoples livelihoods. If automation spread, they wouldnt be released to do more exciting jobs. Theyd be released to join the dole queue. Financial backing for ECME fizzled out. The money dried up. And Britain lost its lead in a technology that would transform industry just a few years later.
Question 1-7
Summary
The following diagram explains the process of ECME:
Complete the following chart of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using no more than two words from the Reading Passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.
Question 8-11
Summary
Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using no more than two words from the Reading Passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 8-11 on your answer sheet.
Sargrove had been dedicated to create a___8___radio by automation of manufacture. The old version of radio had a large number of independent___9___After this innovation made, wireless-style radios became___10___and inexpensive to export oversea. As the Sargrove saw it, the real benefit of ECMEs radio was that it reduced___11___of manual
work .which can be easily copied to other industries of manufacturing electronic devices.
Question 12-13
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
Write your answers in boxes 12-13 on your answer sheet.
12 What were workers attitude towards ECME Model initially?
A anxious
B welcoming
C boring
D inspiring
13 What is the main idea of this passage?
A approach to reduce the price of radio
B a new generation of fully popular products and successful business
C an application of the automation in the early stage
D ECM
E technology can be applied in many product fields
篇章结构
体裁说明文
题目收音机自动化---集成电路的先驱
结构Paragraph 1: 在电子技术极其落后的1940s, 英国出现了收音机自动化生产线---ECME.
A段：收音机并不特别适合用自动化流程生产。

B段：Sargrove是如何解决收音机不适合自动化生产的问题，从
而导致ECME诞生的。

C段：ECME生产线的各道工序介绍。

D段：ECME生产线的先进之处(自动启动生产线、自动检测、比printed circuit更早更先进)
E段：各界对于ECME生产线的评价。

F段：ECME生产出来的收音机相对于之前收音机的几项优点。

G段：虽然ECME生产线可以被改造用于生产其他产品，但是它还是受很多因素制约的(包括改造成本、配件的不可靠、当时英国经济现状)。

H段：ECME可以节约大量的劳动力，但是这却成了它失败的另一条原因。

I段：Sargrove认为ECME有助于解决劳动力短缺的问题，并将劳动力从无聊重复的工作中解放出来。

J段：工人们认为ECME会不利于工人的就业。

试题分析
Question 1-7
题目类型：图表填空题
题号
定位词
文中对应点
题目解析
1
1944，came up with
B段的第一句
图表填空题既具有细节题的特点，但又具有其自身的特点，对于图表题，首先看图表的标题，然后看这几个图标之间的关系。

该图表标题“Diagram for ECME line on Bakelite,”表明这个图表的内容与ECME生产线有关，具体而言，看图表中的各幅图更直观明了：从第二幅图开始讲述的是ECME生产线上的各个工序内容，这些内容一定都在C段。

只有第一幅图例外，第一幅图应该是一个引入性质的图表，肯定在C段之前，根据定位词“1944，came up with”，找到B 段第一句”In 1944, Sargrove came up with the answer.”注意，这里答案不要填“answer,”因为它作为答案会太抽象了，这是一幅工序图，所以应填得具体一些，这个东西应该是下面各图或各工序中加工的对象，究竟是什么，我们再往下文看，因为这一句其实为总述，下一句话会具体展开，所以我们看下一句“His solution was to dispense with most of the fiddly bits by inventing a primitive chip---a slab of Bakelite with all the receiver’s electrical components and connections embedded in it.”意思为“他的解决方案是通过发明一个原始的芯片从而抛弃大多数的精细难做的小部件，...,”这里solution和answer是对应的，invent和came up with也是对应的，所以该填invent的宾语，即chip,恰好它的修饰语也是primitive,所以本题答案为chip。

2
Sandblaster, get rid of
C段的第四句和第五句
从第二幅图及其内容描述得知，就应该是进入具体的操作步骤了，所以该到第C段中定位了。

根据定位词sandblaster能定位到第四句“First stop is the sandblaster, which roughened the surface of the plastic so that molten metal would stick to it.”，尤其可见这一句中并没有get rid of的内容，所以再看下一句“The plates were then cleaned to remove any traces of grit.”句中有remove这个词，它的含义就是题干中的get rid of，所以本题该填remove的宾语，又因为题目要求填写不得超过2个单词，所以只填核心宾语，即grit。

3
Eight nozzles, emit
C段第七句
由第三幅图及其内容描述得知，它还是操作步骤，所以继续在C 段第五句往下找，按照定位词“eight nozzles”，我们找到第七句“Then, eight nozzles rotated into position and sprayed molten zinc over both sides of the plate.”题干中的emit应该和本句中的spray对应，所以该填spray的宾语，所以答案为molten zinc。

4
Remove, the layer of metal
C段第十句
由第四幅图及其内容描述得知，它还是操作步骤，所以继续在C 段第七句往下找，按照定位词“remove”及“the layer of metal”，我们找。