【上海高考概要写作】summary writing1(有解析)

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2017-2020年上海高考英语概要写作(Summary)

ShynessIf you suffer from shyness, you are not alone, for shyness is universal phenomenon. It is not surprising that social scientists are exploring its environmental causes. The first environmental cause of shyness may be a child’s home and family life. Today’s children are growing up in smaller and smaller families, with fewer and fewer relatives living nearby. Growing up in homes in which both parents work full time, children may not have the socializing experience of frequent visits by neighbors and friends. Because of their lack of social skills, they may begin to feel shy when they start school.A second environment cause of shyness in an individual may be one’s culture. In a large study conducted in Japan,57 percent of participants rated themselves as shy. Researchers Lynne Henderson and Philip Zimbardo say, “One explanation is that in Japan, an individual’s performance success is credited externally to parents, grandparents, teachers, coaches, and others, while failure is entirely blamed on the person.” Therefore, Japanese learn not to take risks in public and rely instead on group-shared decisions.Technology may also play a role. In the United States, the number of young people who report being shy has risen from 40 percent to 50 percent in recent years. Due to our huge advances in technology, watching television, playing video games, and surfing the Web have replaced recreational activities that involve social interaction for many young people. Adults, too, are becoming more isolated as a result of technology. Face-to-face interactions with bank clerks, gas station attendants, and shop assistants are no longer necessary because people can use machines to do their banking, fill their gas tanks, and order goods. In short, they become shy.It appears that most people have experienced shyness at some time in their lives. Therefore, if you are shy, you have lots of company.答案：Shyness is common and it has environmental causes, including home and family life, culture and technology. Firstly, with smaller families and working parents, children lack social interactions. Secondly, blaming failure on individuals causes people in some culture to be shy in public. Finally, with the development of technology, people have fewer opportunities to socialize in person. (56 words)Learning by Rote in the Digital AgeRote learning has become seen as an outdated method of teaching. The dictionary defines learning ‘ by rote’ as: ‘from memory, without thought of the meaning; in a mechanical way’.The decline of rote learning has been quickened by technology. No one needs to memorize friends phone numbers or email addresses because such data is conveniently stored and accessible electronically. And why remember when and where World War Two broke out when you can find the answer on the internet in about 6 seconds? But now there are voices for a need to return to rote learning.In fact, memorizing key data is essential to learning any skill. Doctoring requires knowledge of medicine and lawyering requires knowledge of cases and laws. Of course, being able to recall things will not further your understanding of those things, but without memorizing these foundation elements, you cannot progress to a deeper understanding of a subject.While the i nternet and computers have weakened the need for us to remember things, it may well be that mobile learning can help bring this style of learning back to life by making it more convenient and more fun.Drilling yourself ---with flashcards or by repetition--- is usually hard and boring work, which is why most people need their multiplication tables to be drilled into them by teachers or parents. Rote learning without a willing third party can be a battle of discipline and motivation. But mobile learning can make those flashcards and drills more appropriate to individual study; our digital devices can challenge and inform us at the same time and also keep us motivated, whether through game-like structures or recording our progress.Once you’ve acquired the essentials of a subject by rote learning, you will find it easier to go deeper in the application of knowledge which is important.答案：Rote learning means mechanical memorization. Although technology makes it less needed, its value is being rediscovered. Rote learning helps people acquire basic knowledge, laying a foundation for further understanding. In fact, technology makes mobile learning possible, which motivates learning in rote learning and makes memorization more interesting and individualized.To Laugh Is HumanMost of us don’t know why we laugh at some jokes and not at others. Scientists know that we are able to laugh at birth. Babies begin to laugh at three to four months of age, well before they produce their first words. What scientists are interested in is why we laugh.Scientists believe humans laugh with others primarily because it makes us feel connected with one another, which in turn gives us a sense of trust and comfort. To scientists, laughter is an unconscious reaction; consequently, when we laugh, others can be certain that it is an honest reaction, and honesty is key when building and maintaining friendships.Since laughter is seen as a social signal that we send to others, it can also help explain why it is so infectious. Studies have proven that when people see or hear something funny, they are 20 times more likely to laugh when they are with others than when they are alone. Wanting to be accepted by others is part of human nature. And mirroring other people’s laughte r is a way to signal to others that you feel the way they do, which makes us feel more connected with one another.Humans have not always laughed just so they can feel closer to others, however. Scientists point out that this social function of laughter was born out of an even more fundamental human need. Laughter, they believe, came about because it contributed to our very survival as a species. Scientists assume that sharing laughter ensured our ancestors a higher survival rate because it led to greater cooperation between individuals. Humans learned quickly that greater cooperation led to survival, and the brain in turn realized that laughing with others increased out chances of finding people to cooperate, hunt, eat, live, and eventually, survive with.答案：Scientists think humans are born with the ability to laugh, but why do we laugh? We laugh to feel closer to one another. Laughter helps us to be recognized so we laugh more in groups than when alone. Laughter also evolved from a more basic need to survive as it promoted cooperation, enabling humans to survive better. (59w) Laughter is unconscious, infectious and basic. It brings us a trustworthy, comfortable and honest feeling, thus better maintaining friendships. Chances are that we laugh more with others around, contributing to prompting recognition and feeling more connected with one another. Scientists assure that laughter resulted in greater cooperation between individuals in ancient times, as better cooperation leads to survival. (58w)2018年上海秋考英语概要写作Becoming an Attractive EmployeeThe 2008 financial crisis created an unstable job market. Fast-forward to the present, and the economy has not fully recovered. Thus, it's of vital importance for job seekers to carefully strategize their approach to job application. And it's especially important for those new to the work force. They should look at making themselves as attractive as possible to employers.For young people, information technology skills will play an increasing role in the future. As the generation to have grown up in the Information Age, they are quite confident when it comes to showing off their interests and skills in this field. This makes them a natural fit for companies seeking expertise(专业技能) in technology，marketing and networking. They should emphasize these skills when applying for jobs that require the ability to multitask.Another attractive quality is experience. It's important that an applicant’s resume list any activities that involved teamwork and goal-driven responsibilities. Membership in a sports or social club and participation as a volunteer are good examples of this. These activities involve goal management and planning along with the ability to focus while competing on a team. When hiring committees see this, they see a candidate who is capable of working in a variety of environments.Finally an attractive quality when job-hunting is a great attitude toward a potential job. Young job seekers are known to be overconfident because they have been praised for everything they have done. But they must realize that the employment market is about how an employee will be a good fit for a company, not the other way around.In fact, in an interview, an important question to ask is: "What would be expected of me as an employee? " In today's tough job market, young job seekers need to provide a potential employer with good reasons to hire them.答案：How can young people attract their future employers? First, they need to demonstrate their knowledge and skills in information technology. Second, they should include in their resumes the experiences that reflect they are cooperative and goal-oriented. Finally, they need to adopt a proper attitude, that is, taking future employers’ expectations into consideration.Where Are the Bees?Bees are essential to the production of food we eat. Bees make honey, but they also pollinate (给......授粉) large areas of crops, such as strawberries, apples and onions. About a third of the food we eat is a result of pollination of the bees. Unfortunately, bees have been disappearing at an alarming rate.In 2006, bee keepers started reporting about something called Colony Collapse Disaster (CCD). The main sign of CCD is the loss of adult honey bees from a hive. In October of 2006, some beekeepers reported that they had lost between 30 and 90 percent of their hives.There were many theories for the disappearance of the bees. But the most convincing one has to do with pesticides and lifestyles of bees today. Nowadays, beekeepers get most of their income not from producing honey but from renting bees to pollinate plants. This means that the life of the typical bee now consists of traveling all around the country to pollinate crops as the seasons change. That means a lot of traveling on trucks, which is very stressful to bees. It is not unusual for up to 30% of the hive to die during transport due to stress. In addition, bees that spend most of their time locked up on trucks are not exposed to what they usually live on. Instead, they live on a sweet liquid from corn, usually polluted with pesticides.The exact reason for the disappearance of bees is not sure, but losing bees is very costly to the economy. The bee pollination services are worth over $8 billion a year. With no bees, pollination will have to be done by hand, which would have effects on the quality of food and increased food prices. We hear a lot about big environmental disasters almost every day. But one of the biggest may just be the loss of that tiny flying insect.答案：Bees are necessary for people because one third of the food we eat is pollinated by bees. But bees are disappearing because of too much pressure ob beehives in trucks or being killed by pesticides, which may influence the quality of food and increased food prices, and cause great losses to economic development.It's undeniable: Being among the first to try out a new piece of technology is cool. There's the excitement of doing what has never been done before—the feeling that you're living in the future. And when you're the sole member of your social circle with the latest hot gadget, people stare in fascination. They ask you questions. They see you as the holder of powerful, secret knowledge—for a little while, until the next big thing comes along. People tend to underestimate the costs of this temporary coolness, which they pay in more ways than one. Don't fall into the early adopter trap. Don't join the first wave of consumers who invest in the latest media-hyped hardware; instead, wait and see.To put it frankly, early adoption is a bad investment. First, the earliest versions of devices are not only expensive, they are also the most expensive that those devices will ever be. Companies are presumably attempting to recover the cost of production as fast as they can, and they know that there are serious tech-lovers who will pay a great deal to be first. Once the revenues from early adopters' purchases are safely in their hands, they can cut the price and shift to the next marketing phase: selling the product to everyone else. This is why the cost of the original iPhone dropped about U. S. $200 only eight months after its release. Plus, electronics hardly ever become more expensive because intense competition in the industry puts downward pressure on prices over time. Prices of gadgets will fall shortly after release, and they will likely keep falling. Many new TV models drop significantly in price as little as ten days after hitting the market. Further, electronics rapidly depreciate because they become obsolete (废弃的) so quickly. This means that early adopters pay the maximum price for an item that does not hold onto its value. The resale price of a cell phone or laptop can drop by fifty percent within just a few months.Speaking of becoming obsolete, those who are first to leap into a new technology risk wasting money and time on something that will never catch on. Another good reason to resist the early-adoption temptation is that the first version of a product typically has defects that cost a lot in time and frustration. Such problems are so common with new technology that early adopters are basically unpaid beta testers and troubleshooters. Unless this sounds to you like a fun way to spend your time, don’t be among the first users. If you wait to learn what the problems are with a new electronic gadget, you can look forward to a smoother experience—or choose a less troublesome product.答案：Don’t be the first users of the new electronic equipment. The reasons are as following: firstly, the earliest versions of devices are not only expensive. Secondly, electronics will be out of date rapidly. Thirdly, the first version of a product are with some defects generally. Therefore, don’t be the first to try out the new products.。

上海高考英语新题型之概要写作(Summary)

上海高考英语新题型之概要写作(Summary)Starting from 2017.the Shanghai English exam will undergo many adjustments。

one of which is the n of summary writing。

also known as "XXX 15 points and tests XXX of students in reading and writing.The given language in summary writing is generally een 200-250 words。

with diverse content including stories。

current events。

and science pXXX。

with a word count requirement of 50-60 words。

The answer should try to meet the requirements of "Key points of a summary".1.n of summary writingXXX。

in one's own words。

of the content of a passage。

article。

XXX.2.Key points of a summaryConciseness: XXX。

ns。

and unimportant n.Length: 1/4-1/3 of the original text.Completeness: Include all the main and supporting points in a condensed manner。

using your own words.Accuracy: Give the same n and stress to the points as the author does.Coherence: A summary should be a paragraph with XXX to make it flow。

高考英语作文概要写作附习作两篇Summary writing

Summary writing阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇英文60词左右的内容概要。

Once home to emperors, the Palace Museum is known for its grand complex (综合设施) of buildings and large collection of imperial (宫廷的) treasures. Even if you are not a museum person, you might like to get a special treat for your ears.In 2018, the Palace Museum teamed up with Tencent to hold a music contest called “If ancient paintings could sing”. They invited public contributions of original music to accompany the museum’s paintings, while the museum’s scholars provided some literary background and famous musicians helped select the best musical creations. The museum released its first digital (数字的) music album, Ancient Paintings Can Sing in October 2018. The album has become popular among young people.The museum authorized (授权) 11 paintings to serve as sources of inspiration, including Along the River During the Qingming Festival by Song Dynasty artist Zhang Zeduan (1085-1145) and An Ode to the Goddess of the Luo River by Gu Kaizhi (348-409). The album is intend ed to introduce more people to the museum’s ancient paintings. “It is a new approach to cultural innovation (创新) that integrates (融合) art, music and technology. It aims to teach young people about the beauty of traditional art,” Shan Jixiang, former curato r (馆长) of the museum, told China Daily.The Palace Museum has also created several new smartphone apps. One is The Palace Museum, which gives users daily information about cultural relics. The Qing Emperor’s Wardrobe shows high-quality pictures of clothes that were worn in ancient China. And another app, Han Xizai’s Night Feast, is based on a classic ancient painting. Users can get an overview of Han’s house and take a closer look at the people and clothes within it by touching the screen.These apps target tech-savvy (精通科技的) young people. “The Forbidden City is a carrier of traditional culture and shows the wisdom and creativity of ancient China. The most important duty of the Palace Museum is to explore and spread this spiritual wealth,” Shan said.【文章分析】该文章主要介绍了故宫博物院为鼓励年轻人了解中国传统文化，实行的一些文化创新举措。

新高考作文概要写作Summary Writing Unit1 The Renaissance.ppt

•Mary is a beautiful girl who always smiles to others.
√ •Mary is a girl.
•Contain the main idea •Ignore the unnecessary details
02 Requests of Summary Writing
04 Skills of Summary Writing
要点
提炼整合
删除细节删除具体例子（引用一两个说明问题即可）避免重复
同义转换: 近义词、同义词等替换
语言
句子重构: 调整词类、时态、语态等
逻辑：衔接（照应、替代、省略、连接和词汇衔接）
The Renaissance (15th to 16th century)
One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective. This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428. When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in the wall at a real scene. If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.

(完整版)上海高考英语新题型之概要写作(Summary)

上海高考英语新题型之概要写作澄衷高级中学孙吉从2017年起，上海英语高考试卷的题型将面临许多调整，其中之一便是增加了概要写作（Summary writing），也有许多人将之称为“小作文”。

概要写作分值占据15分，考查的是考生阅读和写作的综合能力。

概要写作所给定的语篇一般在200-250字，内容丰富多样，包含故事、时政、科普等，体裁以记叙文、说明文为主，字数一般要求在50-60字，答案尽量符合“Key points of a summary”的要求。

一．正确认识概要写作1. Definition of summary writing（概要写作的定义）By summary, we mean a brief restatement, in your own words, of the content of a passage, an article, a chapter or a book.2. Key points of a summary（概要写作的要点）Conciseness（简要性）：Omit unnecessary details like examples, explanations and other unimportant information.Length: 1/4-1/3 of the original text.Completeness（完整性）：To include all the main and supporting points delivered in you own words in a condensed manner.Accuracy（准确性）：To give the same attention and stress to the points as the author does.Coherence（连贯性）：Rather than an outline listed as key words and phrases, a summary is a paragraph with necessary transitions and function structures to make it flow.Objectivity（客观性）：Do not include your own ideas or emotions on the topic. The summary should reflect the content of the original passage only.3. Steps to write a summary（概要写作的步骤）1）Skim the text to find out the general theme.2）Analyze the text’s structure to divide it into several sections, find out the main idea of each section and write it out briefly with your own words. (one sentence) 3）Write down the key supporting points for each main idea without involving minor details.4）Organize the main and related supporting points in a logical order with necessary transitions to achieve coherence.5）Proofread for grammatical, spelling and punctuation mistakes.4. Beginning of a summary（概要写作的开头）Begin your summary with:*The author’s name*The article’s or chapter’s name*The author’s thesis statement—a general overview(survey) of the article.The Body:First of all, the author describes……He then points out that……In addition, the author talks about……Finally, the author suggests……Some other introductory phrases:*(The author) states in (this article) that…*(The author), in (this article) shows that…*In (this article), (the author) writes that…*As (the author) says in (this article),…*The main idea of (the author’s article) is…*The author believes (holds; maintains; claims; argues; points out; suggests; proposes) that + clause…*The author talks about (explains; describes; reveals; discusses; focuses on) + n.二．记叙文概要写作要点点拨记叙文体的阅读材料，相比其他文体而言，写概要相对容易。

高中英语上海高考Summary如何写

Summary如何写（I）说明文的summary我们以上海英语高二课本中的一篇文章为例The Problem of Packaging第一段A large source of rubbish is packaging material. It often makes up more than 30 percent of the total. To understand why this is true, think of the packaging commonly used for a simple product, such as toothpaste. The packaging includes not only the tube for the toothpaste, but also the box for the tube. This box is put into a plastic wrapper. Then, the boxes are transported in a cardboard container.第二段Most packaging material ends up in a landfill after it is thrown away. Though necessary, landfills take up valuable space, often stink, and can leak harmful substances into the soil. Landfills not included, the production of packaging material itself is a major source of air and water pollution.第三段People are now trying to solve the problems caused by packaging materials. In 1991, Germany took the lead by requiring companies to recycle the packaging used for their goods. To do this, the companies set up recycling bins in every neighborhood. Consumers now separate their rubbish into three categories—metal, plastic and paper cartons. They then put it into the appropriate bin. The rubbish sorted, it is transported to are cycling company for processing.第四段The programme worked well at first. However, the amount of rubbish has begun to increase again. One reason for this is that many consumers no longer reduce waste because they think the problem is solved. It seems that to properly deal with the problem of rubbish, everyone must remain vigilant and do their part.我们先来把每段的大意理一下：第一段的中心应该就是讲 A large source of rubbish is packaging material. It often makes up more than 30 percent of the total. 后面的牙膏的情况只是举例说明咯。

SummaryWriting解题技巧学案上海高考英语专题复习.docx

缩写技巧缩写要做到两点：-•是缩短篇幅；二是要作适当的改写。

①摘录法。

抓住原文的中心和要点，以摘录原文重要语句为主，适当增加衔接语言，连缀成文。

②删除法。

删除细节、举例、描述、解释和重复的部分。

③概括法。

采用归纳总结的方法把原文中有关说明性、交代性的相关段落连缀成简明扼要的几句话甚至是一句话。

写作指导：缩写的具体操作方法就五个字：删、留、缩、合、改。

“删”：即删掉一些与中心无关或关系不大的内容。

“留”：即原文中的主要内容，重要情节或关键词句留下。

“缩指原文中不必要的修饰词，限制词删掉，把句子缩短。

“合"：即把原文中有关的语段进行合并。

“改”：把原文中不是重要内容的地方用概括的语言写出来，并进行适当的转换。

不同体裁短文的处理记叙文讪叙文的概要，一般包括讪叙文的六个要素(who, when, where, what, how, why),找出这六个要素，然后用自己的话将这六个要素串联起来。

Yesterday Matt was sick. I picked up Archie from the sitter and Eloise from school and decided to nin to Target for a few things. I had hoped to be in and out quickly.I found a line with just one person ahead of me and began organizing my items on the conveyor. After placing my items, I looked up to see that the person ahead of me was an elderly woman. She was paying for her items with change and wanted (o purchase each separately. I was frustrated with this woman and the inconvenience she had placed on me.But then I watched the young employee with this woman. I watched him help her count her change, ever so softly taking it from her shaking hands. When she asked if she had enough to buy a reusable bag, he told her she did and went two lines over to get one for her and then repackaged her items. Never once was this employee angry. He was nothing but patient and kind.As I was watching him, I saw that Eloise was loo. She was standing next (o the woman, watching the employee count the change. I realized I hadn't been inconvenienced at all. That my daughter was instead witnessing kindness and patience and being taught (his valuable lesson by a complete stranger.When the woman was finished, the employee began ringing up my items and thanked me for my patience. I then thanked him for teaching us patience and kindness by his treatment of that elderly woman. When he was finished I pushed my cart through the store trying to find the manager. I wanted her to know of (he employee's kindness and patience and how much i( meant to me. After (racking her down and sharing (he story with her, we left Target with a cart full of consumable items, but what is more, a heart full of gratitude for such an invaluable lesson.If you are ever in the Glendale Target, give Ishmael a smile and a nod.The world could use morepeople like him.Summary【写作指导】要写好记叙文的概要，先要找到以下两个问题的答案：（1）谁做了什么？（2）结果如何？如果是夹叙夹议文，还要加上这个故事给人们的启示或教育意义。

2019年6月上海高考英语试题word精校版SummaryWriting（含试题-答案）

2019年6月上海高考英语试题word精校版SummaryWriting（含试题-答案）2019年6月全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语试卷IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.It’s undeniable: Being among the first to try out a new piece of technology is cool. There’s the excitement of doing what has never been done before the feeling that you’re living in the future. And when you’re the sole member of your social circle with the latest hot gadget, people stare in fascination. They ask you questions. They see you as the holder of powerful, secret knowledge for a little while, until the next big thing comes along. People tend to underestimate the costs of this temporary coolness, which they pay in more ways than one. Don’t fall into the early adopter trap. Don’t join the first wave of consumers who invest in the latest media-hyped hardware: instead, wait and see.To put it frankly, early adoption is a bad investment. First, the earliest versions of devices are not only expensive, they are also the most expensive that those devices will ever be. Companies are presumably attempting to recover the cost of production as fast as they can, and they know that there are serious tech-lovers who will pay a great deal to be first. Once the revenues from early adopters’ purchases are safely in their hands, they can cut the price and shift to the next marketing phase: selling the product to everyone else. This is why the cost of the original iPhonedropped about U. S. 200 only eight months after its release. Plus, electronics hardly ever become more expensive because intense competition in the industry puts downward pressure on prices over time. Prices of gadgets will fall shortly after release, and they will likely keep falling. Many new TV models drop significantly in price as little as ten days after hitting the market. Further, electronics rapidly depreciate because they become obsolete (废弃的) so quickly. This means that early adopters pay the maximum price for an item that does not hold onto its value. The resale price of a cell phone or laptop can drop by fifty percent within just a few months.Speaking of becoming obsolete, those who are first to leap into a new technology risk wasting money and time on something that will never catch on. Another good reason to resist the early-adoption temptation is that the first version of a product typically has defects that cost a lot in time and frustration. Such problems are so common with new technology that early adopters are basically unpaid beta testers and troubleshooters. Unless this sounds to you like a fun way to spend your time, don’t be among the first users. If you wai t to learn what the problems are with a new electronic gadget, you can look forward to a smoother experience or choose a less troublesome product.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 爷爷有点耳背，对他耐心一点。

专题11上海高考英语概要写作(一)

1）叙事性的记叙文(Narration)。
叙事性的记叙文的主要内容的概括主要抓住记叙文的几个要素：时间、地点、人物、事件和影响或后果。
2）写人的记叙文（Description）。
写人的记叙文总结要点主要抓住人物的主要特点或事迹，划出关键词（所谓关键词是文中反复出现的体现主题或关联的词）。
2、议论文（Argumentation）。
►专题11上海高考英语概要写作（一）
______________________________________________________________________________
【考情链接】
定义:
It is a brief, thorough and objective restatement of the main idea and key points of a longer composition.
如果是记叙文，主要信息应包括：人、时、事等。
【要点梳理】
1)提炼
2)语言
3)衔接（照应、替代、省略、连接和词汇衔接）
【典例剖析】
（A）各种文体的写作技巧
1、记叙文(Narration)：找出时间(when),地点(where),什么人(who),做了什么事(what),为什么做(why),结果怎么样(how)六要素。其中,最重要的要点是某人(who)做了何事(what)。若是夹叙夹议的文章,还要加上作者的看法、观点、经验或感悟。
确定体裁，明确主题
Step 2. Divide the passage & summarize the main idea of each part
Step 3. Highlight the key information of each part

2020上海高考概要写作summary writing110篇

Exercise 1With only two weeks to go before Christmas, buying presents is a high priority for a lot ofpeople. However, this year not so many people are leaving their homes to go shopping. Thesedays lots of people can do their shopping in the comfort of their own home with the help of theInternet.Online shopping is becoming more and more popular for a number of reasons: prices are oftenlower online; you don't have to queue up in busy shops and you can buy almost any productimaginable with just a few clicks of your mouse.Both male and female are buying into the trend, but women are expected to do more shoppingon the Internet than men. It seems women are now more attracted to the convenience of onlineshopping than they used to be. Average spending online this Christmas by women will rise to￡240 (3.360 yuan) compared to the slightly lower average of ￡233 (3,262 yuan) for men.In the past a lot of people were reluctant to shop online. Many were worried about the securityof entering their card details on the Internet and the reliability of the Internet but as shoppingonline has become more widespread, these worries have begun to disappear. 45% of Internetusers still do have security worries but it hasn't slowed down the ever-increasing numbers ofonline shoppers.One victim of the online shopping boom is the UK high street. The average spending perperson on the high street is only ￡197. 70% of Internet users who are now buying theirChristmas gifts online.参考范文：This year, people are doing Christmas shopping online at home rather than leave their homesfor cheaper goods and more convenience.(要点1) With increasing popularity of onlineshopping, women spend more than men.(要点2) Although safety is a major concernforshopping online,still more and more people choose to shop online.(要点3) With the pressurefrom widespread online shopping, traditional shops in the UK high street began their salespromotion earlier this Christmas.(要点4)分析过程：一、试题详解．1.核心内容本文是一篇说明文,共分五段。

上海高考英语summary技巧

上海高考英语summary技巧一、背景介绍英语Summary作为高考英语写作的一个重要题型，对考生的综合语言能力和逻辑思维能力有很高的要求。

在Summary中，要求我们根据给定的文章，以自己的话精炼出原文的要点，并保持语言简洁、清晰，同时又要准确表达原文的意思。

下面将介绍几个在写Summary时能够提高准确性和规范性的技巧。

1.理解文章在写Summary之前，我们首先要仔细阅读并理解原文。

理解原文的思想和逻辑结构是做好Summary的基础。

因此，我们需要仔细分析原文的标题、首段和每个段落的主题句，并将这些关键信息提取出来。

2.掌握关键词汇在Summary中，关键词汇是非常重要的。

关键词汇可以帮助我们快速捕捉到原文的要点。

因此，在阅读原文的同时，我们要将一些关键词汇标记出来，便于后续写Summary时使用。

3.突出主旨要点写Summary的目的是概括原文的主旨要点，因此，在写作过程中我们要将这些主旨要点突出出来。

可以通过使用一些具体的表达方式（如使用特定的形容词或动词）来增强主旨要点的表达效果。

4.注意时态和语态在写Summary时，我们要注意将时态和语态保持一致。

如果原文中使用了过去时，我们在写Summary时也要使用过去时，不要混合使用。

5.语言简洁清晰在写Summary时，我们要力求语言简洁明了。

避免使用过多的修饰语和从句，使用简单的句子和词汇来表达主旨要点。

同时，要注意句子之间的逻辑关系，确保文章的结构清晰，逻辑通顺。

通过以上几个技巧，我们可以提高写Summary的准确性和规范性。

在准备高考英语时，我们可以多加练习，多积累一些常见的表达方式和关键词汇，以便在考试中能够更好地应对Summary题型。

相信只要我们努力去做，就能够在Summary题型中取得好成绩。

注：本文所提供的技巧仅供参考，请考生根据自身情况和实际需要加以灵活运用，以取得最佳效果。

2017-2020年上海高考英语概要写作Summary

ShynessIf you suffer from shyness, you are not alone, for shyness is universal phenomenon. It is not surprising that social scientists are exploring its environmental causes. The first environmental cause of shyness may be a child,s home and family life. Today,s children are growing up in smaller and smaller families, with fewer and fewer relatives living nearby. Growing up in homes in which both parents work full time, children may not have the socializing experience of frequent visits by neighbors and friends. Because of their lack of social skills, they may begin to feel shy when they start school.A second environment cause of shyness in an individual may be one,s culture. In a large study conducted in Japan,57 percent of participants rated themselves as shy. Researchers Lynne Henderson and Philip Zimbardo say, “One explanation is that in Japan, an individual,s performance success is credited externally to parents, grandparents, teachers, coaches, and others, while failure is entirely blamed on the person.” Therefore, Japanese learn not to take risks in public and rely instead on group-shared decisions.Technology may also play a role. In the United States, the number of young people who report being shy has risen from 40 percent to 50 percent in recent years. Due to our huge advances in technology, watching television, playing video games, and surfing the Web have replaced recreational activities that involve social interaction for many young people. Adults, too, are becoming more isolated as a result of technology. Face-to-face interactions with bank clerks, gas station attendants, and shop assistants are no longer necessary because people can use machines to do their banking, fill their gas tanks, and order goods. In short, they become shy.It appears that most people have experienced shyness at some time in their lives. Therefore, if you are shy, you have lots of company.答案：Shyness is common and it has environmental causes, including home and family life, culture and technology. Firstly, with smaller families and working parents, children lack social interactions. Secondly, blaming failure on individuals causes people in some culture to be shy in public. Finally, with the development of technology, people have fewer opportunities to socialize in person. (56 words)Learning by Rote in the Digital AgeRote learning has become seen as an outdated method of teaching. The dictionary defines learning ‘ by rote, as:‘from memory, without thought of the meaning; in a mechanical way’.The decline of rote learning has been quickened by technology. No one needs to memorize friends phone numbers or email addresses because such data is conveniently stored and accessible electronically. And why remember when and where World War Two broke out when you can find the answer on the internet in about 6 seconds? But now there are voices fora need to return to rote learning.In fact, memorizing key data is essential to learning any skill. Doctoring requires knowledge of medicine and lawyering requires knowledge of cases and laws. Of course, being able to recall things will not further your understanding of those things, but without memorizing these foundation elements, you cannot progress to a deeper understanding of a subject.While theinternet and computers have weakened the need for us to remember things, it may well be that mobile learning can help bring this style of learning back to life by making it more convenient and more fun.Drilling yourself ---with flashcards or by repetition --- is usually hard and boring work, which is why most people need their multiplication tables to be drilled into them by teachers or parents. Rote learning without a willing third party can be a battle of discipline and motivation. But mobile learning can make those flashcards and drills more appropriate to individual study; our digital devices can challenge and inform us at the same time and also keep us motivated, whether through game-like structures or recording our progress.Once you,ve acquired the essentials of a subject by rote learning, youwill find it easier to go deeper in the application of knowledge which is important.答案：Rote learning means mechanical memorization. Although technology makes it less needed, its value is being rediscovered. Rote learning helps people acquire basic knowledge, laying a foundation for further understanding. In fact, technology makes mobile learning possible, which motivates learning in rote learning and makes memorization more interesting and individualized.To Laugh Is HumanMost of us don,t know why we laugh at some jokes and not at others. Scientists know that we are able to laugh at birth. Babies begin to laugh at three to four months of age, well before they produce their first words. What scientists are interested in is why we laugh.Scientists believe humans laugh with others primarily because it makes us feel connected with one another, which in turn gives us a sense of trust and comfort. To scientists, laughter is an unconscious reaction; consequently, when we laugh, others can be certain that it is an honest reaction, and honesty is key when building and maintaining friendships.Since laughter is seen as a social signal that we send to others, it can also help explain why it is so infectious. Studies have proven that when people see or hear something funny, they are 20 times more likely to laugh when they are with others than when they are alone. Wanting to be accepted by others is part of human nature. And mirroring other people,s laughte r is a way to signal to others that you feel the way they do, which makes us feel more connected with one another.Humans have not always laughed just so they can feel closer to others, however. Scientists point out that this social function of laughter was born out of an even more fundamental human need. Laughter, they believe, came about because it contributed to our very survival as a species. Scientists assume that sharing laughter ensured our ancestors a higher survival rate because it led to greater cooperation between individuals. Humans learned quickly that greater cooperation led to survival, and the brain in turn realized that laughing with others increased out chances of finding people to cooperate, hunt, eat, live, and eventually, survive with.答案：Scientists think humans are born with the ability to laugh, but why do we laugh? We laugh to feel closer to one another. Laughter helps us to be recognized so we laugh more in groups than when alone. Laughter also evolved from a more basic need to survive as it promoted cooperation, enabling humans to survive better. (59w) Laughter is unconscious, infectious and basic. It brings us a trustworthy, comfortable and honest feeling, thus better maintaining friendships. Chances are that we laugh more with others around, contributing to prompting recognition and feeling more connected with one another. Scientists assure that laughter resulted in greater cooperation between individuals in ancient times, as better cooperation leads to survival. (58w)Becoming an Attractive EmployeeThe 2008 financial crisis created an unstable job market. Fast-forward to the present, and the economy has not fully recovered. Thus, it's of vital importance for job seekers to carefully strategize their approach to job application. And it's especially important for those new to the work force. They should look at making themselves as attractive as possible to employers.For young people, information technology skills will play an increasing role in the future. As the generation to have grown up in the Information Age, they are quite confident when it comes to showing off their interests and skills in this field. This makes them a natural fit for companies seeking expertise^业技能）in technology, marketing and networking. They should emphasize these skills when applying for jobs that require the ability to multitask.Another attractive quality is experience. It's important that an applicant,s resume list any activities that involved teamwork and goal -driven responsibilities. Membership in a sports or social club and participation as a volunteer are good examples of this. These activities involve goal management and planning along with the ability to focus while competing on a team. When hiring committees see this, they see a candidate who is capable of working in a variety of environments.Finally an attractive quality when job-hunting is a great attitude toward a potential job. Young job seekers are known to be overconfident because they have been praised for everything they have done. But they must realize that the employment market is about how an employee will be a good fit for a company, not the other way around.In fact, in an interview, an important question to ask is: "What would be expected of me as an employee? " In today's tough job market, young job seekers need to provide a potential employer with good reasons to hire them.答案：How can young people attract their future employers? First, they need to demonstrate their knowledge and skills in information technology. Second, they should include in their resumes the experiences that reflect they are cooperative and goal-oriented. Finally, they need to adopt a proper attitude, that is, taking future employers, expectations into consideration.Where Are the Bees?Bees are essential to the production of food we eat. Bees make honey, but they also pollinat(给... 授粉)large areas of crops, such as strawberries, apples and onions. About a third of the food we eat is a result of pollination of the bees. Unfortunately, bees have been disappearing at an alarming rate.In 2006, bee keepers started reporting about something called Colony Collapse Disaster (CCD). The main sign of CCD is the loss of adult honey bees from a hive. In October of 2006, some beekeepers reported that they had lost between 30 and 90 percent of their hives.There were many theories for the disappearance of the bees. But the most convincing one has to do with pesticides and lifestyles of bees today. Nowadays, beekeepers get most of their income not from producing honey but from renting bees to pollinate plants. This means that the life of the typical bee now consists of traveling all around the country to pollinate crops as the seasons change. That means a lot of traveling on trucks, which is very stressful to bees. It is not unusual for up to 30% of the hive to die during transport due to stress. In addition, bees that spend most of their time locked up on trucks are not exposed to what they usually live on. Instead, they live on a sweet liquid from corn, usually polluted with pesticides.The exact reason for the disappearance of bees is not sure, but losing bees is very costly to the economy. The bee pollination services are worth over $8 billion a year. With no bees, pollination will have to be done by hand, which would have effects on the quality of food and increased food prices. We hear a lot about big environmental disasters almost every day. But one of the biggest may just be the loss of that tiny flying insect.答案：Bees are necessary for people because one third of the food we eat is pollinated by bees. But bees are disappearing because of too much pressure ob beehives in trucks or being killed by pesticides, which may influence the quality of food and increased food prices, and cause great losses to economic development.It's undeniable: Being among the first to try out a new piece of technology is cool. There's the excitement of doing what has never been done before—the feeling that you're living in the future. And when you're the sole member of your social circle with the latest hot gadget, people stare in fascination. They ask you questions. They see you as the holder of powerful, secret knowledge—for a little while, until the next big thing comes along. People tend to underestimate the costs of this temporary coolness, which they pay in more ways than one. Don't fall into the early adopter trap. Don't join the first wave of consumers who invest in the latest media-hyped hardware; instead, wait and see.To put it frankly, early adoption is a bad investment. First, the earliest versions of devices are not only expensive, they are also the most expensive that those devices will ever be. Companies are presumably attempting to recover the cost of production as fast as they can, and they know that there are serious tech -lovers who will pay a great deal to be first. Once the revenues from early adopters' purchases are safely in their hands, they can cut the price and shift to the next marketing phase: selling the product to everyone else. This is why the cost of the original iPhone dropped about U. S. $200 only eight months after its release. Plus, electronics hardly ever become more expensive because intense competition in the industry puts downward pressure on prices over time. Prices of gadgets will fall shortly after release, and they will likely keep falling. Many new TV models drop significantly in price as little as ten days after hitting the market. Further, electronics rapidly depreciate because they become obsolete废弃的）so quickly. This means that early adopters pay the maximum price for an item that does not hold onto its value. The resale price of a cell phone or laptop can drop by fifty percent within just a few months.Speaking of becoming obsolete, those who are first to leap into a new technology risk wasting money and time on something that will never catch on. Another good reason to resist the early-adoption temptation is that the first version of a product typically has defects that cost a lot in time and frustration. Such problems are so common with new technology that early adopters are basically unpaid beta testers and troubleshooters. Unless this sounds to you like a fun way to spend your time, don,t be among the first users. If you wait to learn what the problems are with a new electronic gadget, you can look forward to a smoother experience—or choose a less troublesome product.答案：Don,t be the first users of the new electronic equipment. The reasons are as following: firstly, the earliest versions of devices are not only expensive. Secondly, electronics will be out of date rapidly. Thirdly, the first version of a product are with some defects generally. Therefore, don,t be the first to try out the new products.。

上海高中summary练习题及讲解

上海高中summary练习题及讲解在准备上海高中的英语总结练习题时，可以设计一些练习，帮助学生提升他们的总结能力。

以下是一些练习题的例子，以及对如何解答这些题目的简要讲解。

练习题1：阅读以下段落，并总结其主要内容。

"The Great Gatsby, a novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald, is set in the 1920s and explores themes of wealth, love, and the American Dream. The story is narrated by Nick Carraway, who becomes entangled in the complex lives of his neighbors, Tom and Daisy Buchanan, and the enigmatic Jay Gatsby."答案示例：The Great Gatsby is a novel set in the 1920s that delves into the American Dream and the pursuit of wealth and love. It is narrated by Nick Carraway and centers around the lives of the Buchanans and Gatsby.讲解：在总结时，要抓住文章的核心主题和主要人物。

去掉细节，只保留关键信息。

注意不要引入原文中未提及的内容。

练习题2：请根据以下新闻报道，提炼出最重要的信息。

"The city council has approved a new plan to reduce trafficcongestion. The proposal includes the expansion of public transportation services, the introduction of bike lanes, and the implementation of a congestion charge in the central business district."答案示例：The city council has greenlit measures to alleviate traffic by enhancing public transit, adding bike lanes, and instituting a congestion charge in the CBD.讲解：在提炼新闻报道时，要关注行动主体（city council）、主要措施（public transportation services, bike lanes, congestion charge）和目标（reduce traffic congestion）。

上海高考英语-概要写作summary_writing

directly across the street and over to the homeless man. Without saying
anything, he first gave him a lot of money and then he sat down and took off his leather gloves, beautiful black leather shoes and his black dress socks． Then he handed them to the homeless man．The homeless man took them and stared at him with an open mouth．
man I do not know personally but whose actions gave a new meaning to the words — kind and generous．
I was walking down a busy street on a cold, windy day in early winter. A
Summary Writing
1. 确定文体 the types of the passage
types
key information
记叙文人物+时间+地点+事件（起因 narration +经过+结果）
描写某事物的性质功用。即“对象
√ 说明文
+性质功用+利好”；针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施。
6. 主动句和被动句互换
Robert Baker, a psychologist at the University of Kentucky, performed two experiments.

上海高考英语新题型Summary的解题技巧—教师版

高考英语新题型解题技巧一、知识讲解知识点1：Summary的概况I.概念: a short statement that gives the main information about something, without giving all the details.II.考查内容：Summary 综合考察学生获取文章主要信息的能力、归纳总结的能力、写作的能力。

文章主1）本题总分为10分，其中内容5分，语言5分。

（初定）2）评分时应注意的主要方面：内容要点、信息呈现的连贯性和准确性。

3）词数超过60，酌情扣分。

2.各档次给分要求：1）内容部分A.能准确、全面地概括文章主旨大意，并涵盖主要信息B.能准确概括文章主旨大意，但遗漏个别主要信息。

C.能概括文章主旨大意，但遗漏部分主要信息。

D.未能准确概括文章主旨大意，遗漏较多主要信息或留有过多细节信息。

E.几乎不能概括文章的主旨大意，未涉及文中有意义的相关信息。

2）语言部分A.能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述。

B.能用自己的语言较连贯、正确地表述，但有个别语言错误。

C.基本能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述，但连贯性较差，且有少量不影响表意的语言错误。

D.基本能用自己的语言表述，但连贯性较差，且严重语言错误较多。

E.几乎不能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述。

1.知识点2：解题步骤I.Summary解题的关键在于用自己的话及有限的文字综述文章核心主旨，表达贯穿全文的大意，但切不可过于泛化。

此过程可分为三步：1.阅读，2.拟稿，3.定稿1.阅读A.标注文章段落或对文章进行分层。

B.给文章或Summary起一个标题, 一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想，避免偏题。

C.划出文章或段落主题句和关键词，并对重要部分进行简要概括。

2.拟稿A.对主题句进行修正，并使用适当连词将主题句、关键词和所概括的重要内容进行串联，组成完整的一篇Summary。

B.Summary尽量用自己的话完成，切不可加入个人观点或评论。

6.2概要写作课例分析-《summary writing》-高考作文新题型概要写作教学策略探究【优秀课件】

rich and varied, or even contradictory. Confused, I simply based my decision on the
ratings. Within five minutes, we ordered the one we were satisfied with. This afternoon,
6.2概要写作课例分析-《summary writing》-高考作文新题型概要写作教学策略探究【优秀课件】
6.2概要写作课例分析-《summary writing》-高考作文新题型概要写作教学策略探究【优秀课件】
概要写作 Summary is a short statement that gives the main information about something, without giving all the details.
6.2概要写作课例分析-《summary writing》-高考作文新题型概要写作教学策略探究【优秀课件】
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
2018浙江卷
It's a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same. Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college campus(校园) like visiting and seeing for yourself the dorms, classrooms and athletic equipment and, of course, the students. It seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses, and it can also be pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away.But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one.

新高考之概要写作summary-writing

…
It was thought that…/People believed that…
• In the early 16th century, people thought that
dirt on the skin was a means to block out
disease….
S+V+P
S+V+O
have, exist, S+V+P
changing
opinions， viewpoints
✓People have changing opinions toward dirt over time.
✓Changing viewpoints toward dirt exist.
✓People’s viewpoints towards dirt are changing.
How to write通过阅读定位语篇的核心信息，包括核心单词，核心短语和核心句子。（句子为主，以单词和短语为辅）
1. 确定文体 the types of the passage
types
key information
记叙文 narration
人物+时间+地点+事件（起因+发展 +结果）
✓Now, more people hold the view that children should be exposed to the dirt to have a powerful immune system.
✓More and more people believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system. …