高中英语简明语法——五. 主谓一致

第四讲、主谓一致

概述

谓语动词与其主语在人称和数上必须保持一致。但是如果主语不是单一的，或主语名词的数比较特殊时，其主谓一致一般要根据以下三原则来判断：1）.语法一致（从前原则）；

2) 意义一致；3). 临近一致（就近原则)．

1．语法一致

所谓语法一致原则，即主语和谓语的语法形式在人称和数上取得一致。

China belongs to the Third World. 中国属于第三世界。

We are sure he will come. 我们肯定他会来。

但有些主语不易判断，所以使用时应注意一下情况：

1）当主语是and，both…and连接的并列结构时，谓语动词用复数。

My mother and I have seen the film. 我妈妈和我已看过这部电影。

Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China. 在中国的这个地方既种稻子又种小麦。注：由and连接的并列主语前面分别有each，every，no修饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式。Every boy and every girl has to receive education in our country.

在我国每一个男孩女孩都须接受教育。

2）主语后接with，along with等短语时，谓语动词仍保持同主语一致，即从前原则。类似的短语有：together with，as well as，like，rather than，but，except，besides，including，in addition to，etc.

The teacher with two students was at the meeting. 那位老师和两个学生参加了会议。

The girl as well as the boys has learned to drive a car.

这个姑娘和男孩子们一道，也学会了开汽车。

A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.

一个有5000册书的图书馆作为礼物赠送给了国家。

Nobody but Jane knows the secret. 只有简知道这个秘密。

All but one were here just now. 刚才除了一个人外都来了。

3）非谓语动词或从句作主语，谓语一般用单数形式。

When and where to build the new factory is not decided yet.

什么时候在什么地方建新工厂还没定下来。

Checking information is very important. 核实事实是非常重要的。

To learn foreign languages is not easy. 学习外语并非易事。

注：当what引导主语从句或由and连接两个动词不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词的数应根据意义一致的原则来决定。

What we need here is money．我们这里需要的是资金。

What we need here are workers．我们这里需要的是工人

Lying and stealing are immoral．说谎与偷窃是不道德的。

4）no one、nobody、nothing等不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。类似的单词有：each，some，any，no，everything, other, anyone、anybody、anything、everyone、everybody、everything、someone、somebody、something。

Nobody knows the answer. 没有一个人知道这答案。

Someone wants to see you. 有人想见你。

Is there anything in the box? 箱子里有什么东西吗?

5）“many a +单数名词”,“ more than one+单数名词”、、“one and a half+复数名词”、“each...and each...”；“every...and every...”；等作主语时，谓语用单数。

谓语动词用单数形式。

Many a student has been to Beijing. 许多学生去过北京。

There is more than one answer to your question. 你的问题不只有一个答案。

6）shoes作主语，谓语动词用复数形式,但a pair of shoes谓语动词用单数。类似的单词还有：g1asses(眼镜)，scissors(剪刀)，shorts(短裤)，，trousers(裤子)等。

His glasses were broken, so he can't see well. 他的眼镜破了，因而看不清楚。

His trousers are made of cotton. 他的裤子是棉布的。

Two pairs of trousers are missing. 两条裤子不见了。

This pair of shoes is not on sale. 这双鞋不出售。

7）“a number of …许多“，谓语动词用复数；“the number of… …的数字”，谓语动词用单数。The number of people invited was fifty, but a number of them were absent for different reasons. 邀请来的人数是50，但很多人因不同的原因没来。

A number of books are missing from the library. 图书馆丢了许多书。

The number of workers in this factory is increasing. 这家工厂的工人数目正在增加。

8）分数+of短语作主语，谓语动词根据of短语中的名词单复数而定。

Two fifths of the land in that district is covered with trees and grass．

该地区五分之二的土地为树木和草所覆盖。

89% of smokers are male. 89%的吸烟者是男性。

9）some of +名词，谓语动词用单数还是复数，应根据后接名词的单、复数形式而定。类似的名词或代词还有：all，any，enough，half，more，most，the rest，part，some，etc. The rest of his life was happy. 他的晚年生活很幸福。

Most of the people are aware of it. 大部分人都知道它。

10)表示同姓的一家人或同名、同姓的若干人，若主语名词是复数时，谓语动词也用复数。The Smiths were also invited. 史密斯一家人也受到了邀请。

There are 3 Marys and 2 Roberts in my class. 我班有三个叫玛丽、两个叫罗伯特的学生。

11). 表示山脉、群岛、瀑布等的专有名词；

The Alps rise over 4 countries. 阿尔卑斯山脉跨越了四国。

Niagara Falls are not as high as Victoria Falls. 尼亚加拉瀑布没有维多利亚瀑布高。

巧记：Many a …许多，more than one…不止一个, a pair of shoes 一双鞋

买你一双鞋，不止一双

2．意义上的一致

1）虽有and连接，但两个单数名词指同一个人、同一事物、单一概念时，谓语动词用单数。The worker and writer has written a new novel.

这位工人兼作家写了一部新小说。(两个名词共用一个冠词)

There is a journalist and writer living in America whose name is Alex Haley.

在美国有一个名叫亚利克斯•哈利的记者兼作家。

Truth and honesty is always the best policy. 真诚总是上策。

Bread and butter is a daily food in the West . 面包抹黄油是西方人每天的食品。

His gratitude and devotion to the Party is endless. 他无限感觉，无限忠于党

注：一些用and连接起来的两个单数主语，谓语动词可以是单数，也可以是复数。