特除句式和主谓一致

特除句式（倒装、省略、强调）和主谓一致专题吴章玲一、《考试说明》的内容及要求特殊句式和主谓一致是中学英语语法的重要组成部分，也是高考考查的考点之一。

高考题对特殊句式的考查主要集中在倒装﹑省略和强调上。

高考对主谓一致的考查主要集中在意义一致原则以及时态与主谓一致的综合考查上。

二、近五年安徽高考考点分布及命题趋势从近五年安徽英语试题来看，本专题内容知识性强，主要涉及语言形式；注重考查知识之间交叉现象，加大了综合考查语法知识的力度，未来还会保持这一趋势，但是这类题目的综合性和情景性将会变得越来越明显。

三．一轮复习中存在的问题一轮复习中并未对此语法进行专项讲解，但是在各次段考中都会涉及此语法。

可以看出学生对于强调句的各种句式以及部分倒装和全部倒装的区别上存有困惑，失分严重。

在二轮复习中要对学生的疑惑处进行针对性的讲解和训练。

四．教学重点和教学策略教学重点：鉴于高考命题趋势和学生学习中存在的问题，本专题的教学重点内容是：“倒装句与时态和主谓一致相结合”以及“强调句与其他从句的区别”两个考点，重在让学生在理解语法规则的基础上进行灵活应用。

1. 倒装句与时态和主谓一致相结合的考查如：----Is everyone here?----Not yet…Look, there _____the rest of our guests! (2010江苏)A comeB comesC is comingD are coming答案A此题容易选 D here there,now, then 等位于句首的全部倒装句中，谓语动词be ,come, go 等不能用于进行时，另外谓语动词要与主语the rest of our guests 保持一致2. 强调句与定语从句和状语从句的区别1.It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village____the hostess cooked such a nice dinner. (2010安徽)A whereB thatC whenD which答案 B 本题容易选A难度在于被强调部分中有一个that 引导的定语从句，强调句中的that 没有意义，并且不作任何成分，而定语从句中的that 为关系代词，在从句中充当主语，宾语和表语。

2.It was at six o’clock _____ I got up today.A thatB whenC asD while答案A本题容易选B 解题关键在于强调句型去掉“It is/was…that”之后，句子结构完整，而“It is…. when”结构中，it 指代时间。

教学策略教学的基本策略为向学生展示各项语法的基本解题方法。

1. 积累标志词汇，判断是否倒装在倒装句的解题时要注意题干中是否有倒装句的构成条件，这就要求学生在平时的学习中积累标志词汇。

如：On the chairs________, who had come here for this job interview.A did three graduates sitB sat three graduatesC three graduates satD sitting three graduates答案 B 介词短语on the chairs 放在句首，主句要用全部倒装形式。

2. 分析主语特点，判断是否省略高考对省略情况的考查主要在状语从句的省略中以及定语从句和虚拟语气的省略，同时也会考察在一些固定结构中的省略。

Some of you may have finished Unit One._____, you can go on to UnitTwo.A If you mayB If you doC If notD If so答案 D 从后面的you can go on to Unit two 可知道选D，如果这样的话3. 掌握强调句型特点，判断句子种类强调句型用来强调主语，宾语和状语等成分。

that 只是起连接作用，不作成分，但不能省略。

判断是否是强调句，可采用“还原法”，也就是把“ It is/was ….. that/who”去掉。

如果还原成一般句式后，句子各部分成分完整，则是强调句，否则不是。

It is the test system, rather than the teachers, _____is to blame for the students’ heavy burden nowadays.A whoB thisC thatD whom答案 C 把it is ….that 去掉后，句子结构依然成立，故这是一个强调句。

4.了解三大原则，考虑主谓一致高考对主谓一致的考查主要在意义一致原则以及时态和主谓一致的综合考察中。

在复习备考中，要注意了解主谓一致的三大原则，牢记主谓一致的用法。

An average of about 100 emails a week_____received. Such ____the case with Martin at present.A are, areB is, isC is, areD are, is答案D an average of +主语+可数名词复数作主语，其后的谓语动词应该用复数，such 指代前面整个事情，谓语动词应该用单数。

五．专题教学主要内容考点：1. 倒装英语句子的自然语序是主语在前，谓语在后。

把谓语放在主语之前，就叫做倒装结构。

如果全部谓语放在主语之前，叫全部倒装；如果只把助动词或情态动词放在主句之前，就叫部分倒装。

2. 省略省略是为了避免重复，突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法修辞手段。

省略在语言中，尤其在对话中，是一种普遍的现象。

用法如下表。

特别提醒：还有一些以固定形式出现的省略结构。

What about having a game of chess?How come they left you alone here?What if it is raining?Why not try again?3. 强调在说话或写文章中，有时要突出或强调某个词，词组或句子，这时就要用强调结构。

特别提醒：注意强调句与其他从句的区别4.主谓一致主谓一致指的是句子的主语和谓语动词在人称和数上应保持一致。

通常指的主谓一致是主语和谓语在单数和复数上的一致性.六、精讲例题1.【2012江西卷】Never before seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.A．had she B．she had C．has she D．she has2.【2012重庆卷】The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor______ it a thought.A. does he even giveB. he even givesC. will he even giveD. he will even give3.【2012重庆卷】It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic______ Zheng sailed to East Africa.A. whenB. thatC. afterD. since4.【2012 湖南卷】It was not until I came here______I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.A whoB thatC whereD before5.【2012辽宁卷】Not until he retired from teaching three years ago______having a holiday abroad.A he had consideredB had he consideredC he consideredD did he consider6.【2012四川卷】This is not my story, nor_____the whole story. My story plays out differently.A is thereB there isC is itD it is7.【2012 天津卷】Only after Mary read her composition the second time_____the spelling mistake.A did he noticeB she noticedC does she noticeD she has noticed8.【2012 山东卷】 When you are done with the book, just give it to Lucy or Helen or_____.A whoeverB whereverC whateverD however9.【2011陕西卷】 It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do_____benefits our work most.A whoB whichC thatD what10.【2012四川卷】Was is on a lonely island_____he was saved one month after the boat went down?A whereB thatC whichD what11.【2011重庆卷】 Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn tree?___ Of course, I have. It was in our village_____it was made.A thatB whereC whenD which12.【2011新课标卷】Only when he reached the tea-house ______it was the same place he had been in last year.A he realizedB he did realizeC realized heD did he realize13.【2011福建卷】—It’s nice. Never before_____such a special drink!___I am glad you like it.A I have hadB I hadC have I hadD had I14. 【2011江苏卷】It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine._____, we had better take it to the garage immediately.A OtherwiseB If notC But for thatD If so15. 【2011全国卷】Jane won’t join us for dinner tonight and _____.A neither won’t TomB Tom won’t eitherC Tom will tooD wo will tom16. 【2012安徽卷】Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains,____some of its store open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays.A keepsB keepC have keptD had kept17.【2012湖南卷】All the scientific evidence _____that increasing use of chemicals in farming_____damaging our health.A show areB shows areC show isD shows is18 【2012陕西卷】 The basketball coach, as well as his team,_____interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.A wereB wasC isD are19.【2011安徽卷】The factory used 65% of the raw materials, the rest of which_____savef for other pursoses.A isB areC wasD were20【2011湖南卷】 One-third of the country____covered with trees and the majority of the citizens____black people.A is areB is isC are areD are is1-5 CCBBD 6-10 CAACD 11-15 ADCDB 16-20 ADBDA七、反馈试卷1. Try____ she might, Sue couldn’t get the door open..A. ifB. whenC. sine D as2. Only when he reached the tea-house ______it was the same place he’d been in last year.A. he realizedB. he did realizeC. realized he D did he realize3.—It’s nice. Never before____ such a special drink!—I’m glad you like it.A.I have hadB. I had C have I had D had I4.Only after they had discussed the matter for a few hours _______a decision.A. they reachedB. did they reachC. they reachD. do they reach5 It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine._______ , we’d better take it to the garage immediately.A. OtherwiseB. If notC. But for that D If so6.I have seldom seen my mother _______ pleased with my progress as she is now .A. soB. veryC. tooD. rather7.It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village _______ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.A. whereB. thatC. whenD. which8.John’s success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work has made him what he is today.A. whyB. whenC. whichD. that9.I have tried very hard to find a solution to the problem, but in vain.—why not consult with Frank? Y ou see, _________.A. great minds think alikeB. two heads are better than oneC. a bird in the hand is worth two in the bushD. it’s better to think twice before doing something10—Is everyone here?—Not yet……Look , there_______ the rest of our guests!A. comeB. comesC. is comingD. are coming11.If you have a job, ________ yourself to it and finally you’ll succee d.A. do devoteB. don’t devoteC. devotingD. not devoting12 .We laugh at jokes, but seldom about how they work.A. we thinkB. think weC. we do thinkD. do we think13. John opened the door . There _____ he had never seen before.A. a girl did standB. a girl stoodC. did a girl standD. stood a girl14.The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if regularly, can improve ourhealth.A. being carried outB. carrying outC. carried outD. to carry out15.Not until he left his home ______ to know how important the family was for him.A did he beginB had he begunC he beganD he had begun16.At the meeting place of the Y angtze River and the Jialing River______, one of the ten largest cities in China.A. lies ChongqingB. Chongqing liesC. does lie ChongqingD. does Chongqing lie17.______a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.A. It hasB. They haveC. It remainsD. There remains18.For a moment nothing happened Then _____ all shouting together.A. voices had comeB. came voicesC. voices would comeD. did voices come19.Every evening after dinner, if not____ from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.A. being tiredB. tiringC. tiredD. to be tired20.According to statistics, a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer _________ a woman.A. thanB. suchC. soD. as21.It was _____ he came back from Africa that wear _________ he met the girl he would like to marry.A. when; thenB. not; untilC. not until; thatD. only; when22. The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only ________, but students became more interested in the lessons.A. saved was teachers’ energyB. was teachers’ energy savedC. teachers’ energy was savedD. was saved teachers’ energy23.So sudden ________that the enemy had no time to escape.A. did the attackB. the attack didC. was the attackD. the attack was24.Little_____ about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.A. did Rose careB. Rose did careC. Rose does careD. does Rose care25.Unsatisfied _________with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.A. though was heB. though he wasC. he was thoughD. was he though26.The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _____ saved for other purposes.A. isB. areC. wasD. were27. One third of the country ______covered with trees and the majority of the citizens_______black people.A. is; areB. is; isC. are; areD. are; is28.Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who _______ evening dress.A.wearB.wearsC.has wornD.have worn29.Listening to loud music at rock concerts ______ caused hearing loss in some teenagers.A. isB. areC. hasD. have30.Such poets as Shakespeare _____widely read, of whose works, however, some____ difficult to understand.A. are；areB. is；isC. are；isD. is：are31.The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _______ rising steadily since1990.A. isB. areC. has beenD. have been32.The teacher together with the students _______ discussing Reading Skills that ______ newly published in America.are; were B. is; were C. are; was D. is; was33.Either you or one of your students ______ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.A. areB. isC. haveD. be34.Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, _____ visit Beijing this summer.A. is going toB. are going toC. was going toD. were going to35.—Did you go to the show last night?—Y eah.Every boy and girl in the area____invited.A.wereB.have beenC.has beenD.was36.A survey of the opinions of experts_____that three hours of outdoor exercise a week____ good for one’s health.A.show; areB.shows; isC.show; isD.shows; are37.We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks____so small that a day is unimportant.A.isB.areC.has beenD.have been38.As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area_____. .A.need repairingB.needs to repairC.needs repairingD.need to repair39.The number of the people invited____fifty, but a number of them_____absent for different reasons.A are isB is areC is isD are are40.Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where ____ yet.A. hasn’t been decidedB. haven’t decidedC. isn’t being decidedD. aren’t decided1-5 DDCBD 6-10 ABDBA11-15 ADDCA16-20 ADDCD21-25 CBCAB 26-30 DABCA31-35 CBBAD 36-40 BAABA八、反思与改进。