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英美文学考研复习资料重要作品整理文学流派解析

英美文学考研复习资料重要作品整理文学流派解析英美文学是世界上最为重要的文学流派之一，它涵盖了从古典到现代的各种文学作品。

本文将为您整理英美文学考研复习资料中的一些重要作品，并对其中代表性的文学流派进行解析。

一、文学流派解析1. 古典主义文学古典主义文学是英美文学史上的重要流派之一，其诞生于17世纪，充分借鉴了古希腊罗马文学的风格和理念。

代表作品包括约翰·米尔顿的《失乐园》，这部史诗被视为英国文学史上最伟大的作品之一，展现了古典主义文学的典型特征。

2. 浪漫主义文学浪漫主义文学兴起于18世纪末至19世纪初，追求个性、情感和自然的恢弘力量。

其中的重要作品有威廉·华兹华斯的《賓納山诗集》和塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治的《孤独的旅行者》，这两部作品以描绘自然风光和表达人内心情感为主要特点。

3. 现实主义文学现实主义文学盛行于19世纪中叶至20世纪初，追求真实和客观的描写方式，反映社会问题和人民生活。

查尔斯·狄更斯的《雾都孤儿》和托马斯·哈代的《傲慢与偏见》是现实主义文学的代表作品，揭示了当时英美社会的不公与剥削。

4. 自然主义文学自然主义文学是现实主义文学的延伸，强调人的行为和命运受到自然和社会环境的决定。

斯蒂芬·克莱恩的《追逐》和杰克·伦敦的《野性的呼唤》是自然主义文学的经典之作，通过对人性的观察呈现了残酷的现实。

5. 现代主义文学现代主义文学兴起于20世纪初，以对传统文学形式的反叛和对意识流的运用为特点。

弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的《到灯塔去》和詹姆斯·乔伊斯的《尤利西斯》是现代主义文学中的杰作，以其独特的叙事结构和思想深度引领了当时文学的新潮流。

二、重要作品整理1. 威廉·莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚最著名的戏剧之一，被誉为西方文学史上最伟大的作品之一。

它通过对主人公哈姆雷特的心理描写，探讨了复仇、死亡和道德的问题，展现了莎士比亚独特的戏剧艺术和人物塑造能力。

最全面英国文学史知识点总结复习过程

最全面英国文学史知识点总结英国文学史I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages<Beowulf>贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsEpic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated.Artistic features:1. Using alliterationDefinition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound（头韵）Some examples on P52. Using metaphor and understatementDefinition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideasGeoffery Chaucer 杰弗里·乔叟1340~1400(首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。

约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。

代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。

)The father of English poetry.writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.① <The Canterbury Tales>坎特伯雷故事集：first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle English②<Troilus and Criseyde>特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德③ <The House of Fame>声誉之宫Medieval Ages’ popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事)Famous three：King ArthurSir Gawain and the Green KnightBeowulfII The Renaissance PeriodA period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival:1. new discoveries in geography and astrology2. the religious reformation and economic expansion3. rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek cultureThe most famous dramatists:Christopher MarloweWilliam ShakespeareBen Johnson.1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙·斯宾塞1552~1599（后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。

江苏省考研外国语言文学复习指南英美文学与语言学重点解析

江苏省考研外国语言文学复习指南英美文学与语言学重点解析近年来，外国语言文学专业的考研竞争变得更加激烈，尤其是英美文学与语言学方向。

为了帮助考生顺利备战，本文将着重解析江苏省考研外国语言文学复习中的英美文学与语言学重点，为大家提供一份全面的复习指南。

1. 英美文学重点解析1.1 英国文学英国文学是英美文学的重要组成部分，对于考研外国语言文学专业来说，备考英国文学具有至关重要的意义。

在英国文学中，莎士比亚的作品是备考的重中之重。

要重点掌握他的四大悲剧《哈姆雷特》、《麦克白》、《奥赛罗》和《李尔王》。

除此之外，还需要了解伊丽莎白时代的其他重要作家如克里斯托弗·马洛等，以及维多利亚时代的作家如达尔文和狄更斯。

1.2 美国文学美国文学是另一个备考重点。

在备考美国文学时，我们应该重点关注美国文学的发展历程和主要作家，包括早期的少数民族文学和后来的现代主义文学。

其中，马克·吐温和欧内斯特·海明威是备考的重要对象。

此外，还要了解美国20世纪的文学派别以及代表作家如托马斯·芬尼·奥布莱恩和威廉·福克纳等。

2. 语言学重点解析2.1 英语语音学英语语音学是语言学中的一部分，是考研外国语言文学专业中的重要内容。

备考英语语音学时，需要掌握英语音标的分类和读音规则，了解元音和辅音的区别，以及重点掌握重读音节和非重读音节的规律。

2.2 英语语法学英语语法学是备考考研外国语言文学专业的重点内容之一。

备考时，需要熟悉英语的基本句型和从句结构，了解动词时态、语态和情态动词的用法，以及其他句子成分的语法规则。

2.3 语用学语用学是语言学中的重要分支，关注语言在特定语境中的使用和理解。

备考语用学时，需要了解语言交际的基本原则，包括言外之意、上下文推断、语境依赖等内容。

总结：备考江苏省外国语言文学方向的考研，英美文学与语言学是重点内容。

在备考英美文学时，要重点掌握英国文学和美国文学的发展历程和代表作家，理解他们的作品主题和风格。

天津市考研外国语言文学复习资料英美文学与语言学重点知识点

天津市考研外国语言文学复习资料英美文学与语言学重点知识点天津市考研外国语言文学复习资料：英美文学与语言学重点知识点一、古代英国文学1. 英国文学起源- 早期英国文学特点- 《贝奥武夫》的主要内容和意义- 诗歌的发展与《坎特伯雷故事集》的影响2. 文艺复兴时期- 文艺复兴的背景与特点- 威廉·莎士比亚的生平与作品- 詹姆斯一世时期的文学成就3. 17世纪英国文学- 约翰·弥尔顿的《失乐园》与英国革命- 文学运动：清教徒文学、卡罗琳文学、人文主义文学- 英国抒情诗的发展与代表作家二、18世纪英国文学1. 18世纪英国启蒙运动- 启蒙运动的思想与作品特点- 亚当·斯密的经济学与哲学思想- 雅各布·拉斯金的《大地之歌》2. 浪漫主义文学- 浪漫主义文学的起源与特点- 威廉·华兹华斯与塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治的湖畔诗派 - 伦敦社会写实派的代表作家及其作品3. 强调“感觉”的诗歌- 约翰·济慈的诗歌与短暂生命- 勃朗宁夫妇的诗歌创作- 雅各布·吉尼斯的虚构先锋主义三、19世纪英国小说1. 威尔士托马斯的工业小说- 《卡斯特大桥》的社会主义倾向- 托马斯的小说创作特点与影响2. 英国女性作家的崛起- 简·奥斯汀的小说艺术与女性身份- 查尔洛特·勃朗特与《简爱》的创作- 伊丽莎白·盖斯凯尔的社会洞察力与小说主题3. 查尔斯·狄更斯与社会写实小说- 狄更斯的创作手法与代表作品- 《雾都孤儿》中的社会问题与人性探讨- 狄更斯的影响与继承者四、20世纪英美文学1. 战间期的现代主义文学- 20世纪文学的转折点与挑战传统- T·S·艾略特的诗歌创作与《荒原》的象征主义- 玛丽安·摩尔与《海尔·赫密茜斯》的幻想现实主义2. 珍妮特·温特森与美国现代主义小说- 温特森的小说《了不起的盖茨比》- 美国现实主义小说家的多元发展- 华莱士·斯蒂文斯的寓言小说3. 后现代主义文学的兴起- 后现代主义文学思潮的特点- 沃尔特·奥坦多与《百年孤独》的魔幻现实主义 - 20世纪末英美小说的多样性与后现代表现五、语言学1. 语言学概述- 语言学的研究对象与分类- 语言学的主要学科分支2. 语音学- 语音学的基本概念与方法- 语音学在外语教学中的应用3. 词汇学- 词汇学的研究内容与方法- 词义的构成与词义变化4. 语法学- 语法学的研究内容与方法- 句子成分与句法关系5. 语用学- 语用学的基本概念与研究范畴- 语用学在交际中的应用六、总结通过本文对天津市考研外国语言文学复习资料中的英美文学与语言学重点知识点进行讲述，我们对古代英国文学、18世纪英国文学、19世纪英国小说以及20世纪英美文学都有了更全面的了解。

省考研外国语言文学复习资料英美文学与语言学重点解读与翻译实操

省考研外国语言文学复习资料英美文学与语言学重点解读与翻译实操英美文学与语言学的重点解读与翻译实操一、引言英美文学与语言学是外国语言文学专业的重要学科之一。

它涵盖了英语国家的文学作品和语言学理论，对于广大考生备考省考研究生入学考试具有重要意义。

本文将对英美文学与语言学的重点进行解读和翻译实操，旨在帮助考生更好地掌握相关知识，提高考试成绩。

二、英美文学的重点解读1. 文学流派解析英美文学包括多种不同的流派，如古典文学、浪漫主义文学、现代主义文学等。

每个流派都代表了一段特定的时期和文化背景。

考生需要理解每个流派的特点、作品的主题和艺术手法，以便更好地理解和分析文学作品。

2. 代表作品解析英美文学中有一些经典的代表作品，如莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》、狄更斯的《远大前程》等。

考生需要熟悉这些作品的情节、人物形象和主题，以及它们在文学史上的地位和影响。

通过深入解析这些作品，考生可以更好地理解英美文学的发展和演变。

3. 文学理论解读文学理论是英美文学研究的一个重要方面。

考生需要了解不同的文学理论派别、它们的核心观点和应用范围。

例如，结构主义、后现代主义等理论对英美文学的研究产生了重要影响。

考生可以通过阅读相关的文学理论著作，深入探讨文学作品的内涵和形式。

三、语言学的重点解读1. 语音学与音系学语音学是研究语音和语音系统的学科，而音系学是独立的语音学分支，研究语言的音素、音位和音系结构。

考生需要了解国际音标的使用方法，以及英语中的重音和音变规则等。

此外，还应掌握不同方言和口音的特点，以加深对英语语音的理解。

2. 词汇学与词法学词汇学是研究词汇的形态、构词以及词义等内容，而词法学则关注词汇的语法用法。

考生可以通过学习常见的词汇构词法和词法规则，提高对英语单词的记忆和应用能力。

同时，也要注意英语中不同词汇的语义差异和词汇搭配的规律。

3. 句法学与语义学句法学研究句子的结构和成分，语义学则关注句子的意义和语用。

考生需要掌握英语中的基本句型、成分分析和句子的语义逻辑等知识点。

考研外国文学知识点解析

考研外国文学知识点解析考研外国文学是研究外国文学作品、作家和文学思潮的学科。

下面将对考研外国文学的相关知识点做详细解析。

一、古希腊文学古希腊文学是欧洲文学的源头，具有重要的地位和影响力。

其中，荷马史诗是古希腊文学的代表作之一，分为《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》两部分。

《伊利亚特》讲述了特洛伊战争的故事，描写了特洛伊战争的英雄和战争的残酷。

《奥德赛》则是以奥德修斯为主人公，讲述了他回到家园的冒险故事。

二、英国文学英国文学历史悠久，包含了许多经典的作品和作家。

莎士比亚是英国文学史上最伟大的戏剧作家之一，他的作品涵盖了悲剧、喜剧、历史剧等多种类型。

莎士比亚的代表作包括《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》、《奥赛罗》等。

英国文学还有许多其他重要的作家和作品，比如乔叟的《坎特伯雷故事集》、狄更斯的《雾都孤儿》、奥斯汀的《傲慢与偏见》等。

三、美国文学美国文学是近代文学的重要组成部分，具有独特的风格和主题。

马克·吐温是美国文学的重要代表作家之一，他以幽默、讽刺的笔调描绘了美国西部拓荒时期的生活。

他的代表作包括《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》和《汤姆·索亚历险记》。

除了吐温，还有许多其他重要的美国作家和作品，比如弗兰纳里的《麦田里的守望者》、海明威的《老人与海》、福克纳的《喧哗与骚动》等。

四、法国文学法国文学是欧洲文学的重要组成部分，具有独特的风格和影响力。

维克多·雨果是法国文学的代表作家之一，他的作品涵盖了诗歌、小说、剧本等多种类型。

他的代表作包括《巴黎圣母院》、《悲惨世界》等。

法国文学还有许多其他重要的作家和作品，比如莫里哀的《被骗子骗了的假骗子们》、巴尔扎克的《人间喜剧》、普鲁斯特的《追忆似水年华》等。

五、俄国文学俄国文学是世界文学的瑰宝，以复杂的情节、深刻的人物形象和高度的艺术性而著称。

屠格涅夫是俄国文学的代表作家之一，他的短篇小说代表了俄国文学的最高成就。

他的代表作包括《钦差大臣》、《罗莫洛夫家族》等。

英语文学考研知识点总结

英语文学考研知识点总结IntroductionThe study of English literature is a comprehensive process that covers a wide range of knowledge, from the history of literature to literary genres, writers, and their works. For those who are preparing for the English literature postgraduate entrance examination, it is crucial to have a good understanding of the key knowledge points in order to achieve success. In this summary, we will cover the major areas of study in English literature and provide an overview of the key knowledge points that candidates should focus on.1. Literary PeriodsThe study of English literature is often divided into different literary periods, each characterized by its unique literary styles, themes, and historical background. These periods include:- Old English Literature: This period covers the literature written in Old English, from the7th century to the Norman Conquest in 1066. Key works from this period include "Beowulf" and the "Exeter Book."- Middle English Literature: This period includes the literature written in Middle English, from the Norman Conquest to the beginning of the Renaissance. Major works from this period include "The Canterbury Tales" by Geoffrey Chaucer and "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight."- Renaissance Literature: This period encompasses the literature of the 16th and early 17th centuries, marked by a renewed interest in classical learning, humanism, and the rise of English drama. Key writers from this period include William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe, and Ben Jonson.- 17th Century Literature: This period is characterized by the emergence of metaphysical poetry and the Civil War in England. Major figures of this period include John Donne, Andrew Marvell, and John Milton.- 18th Century Literature: This period sees the rise of the novel as a major literary form and the flourishing of satire and social commentary. Key writers from this period include Daniel Defoe, Jonathan Swift, and Samuel Richardson.- Romantic Literature: The Romantic period, spanning from the late 18th century to the early 19th century, is marked by a focus on individualism, emotion, and nature. Major figures of this period include William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and John Keats. - Victorian Literature: This period covers the literature of the 19th century, marked by expansive novels, social criticism, and the rise of the novel as a dominant literary form. Key writers from this period include Charles Dickens, the Brontë sisters, and George Eliot.- Modernist Literature: The modernist period, which encompasses the early 20th century, is characterized by experimentation with narrative and form, as well as a response to the upheavals of the modern world. Major figures of this period include T.S. Eliot, Virginia Woolf, and James Joyce.Understanding the key characteristics, themes, and major writers of each literary period is essential for the English literature postgraduate entrance examination.2. Literary GenresIn addition to understanding the different literary periods, candidates should also have a good grasp of the major literary genres in English literature. These genres include:- Poetry: Poetry is a literary form characterized by the use of rhythm, imagery, and language to convey emotions and ideas. Different poetic forms, such as sonnets, odes, and ballads, should be studied in detail, along with the major poets associated with each form.- Prose: Prose refers to the ordinary form of written language, without metrical structure. Candidates should familiarize themselves with the various forms of prose, including novels, short stories, essays, and non-fiction, as well as the major writers within each genre.- Drama: Drama is a literary form designed for performance, characterized by dialogue, action, and often, a focus on conflict and resolution. Candidates should study the different types of drama, including tragedy, comedy, and tragicomedy, as well as the major playwrights associated with each form.Understanding the key characteristics of each literary genre, along with the major writers and works within each genre, is crucial for success in the English literature postgraduate entrance examination.3. Major Writers and WorksA comprehensive knowledge of major writers and their works is essential for success in the English literature postgraduate entrance examination. Candidates should have a good understanding of the major writers and works from each literary period, including their themes, style, and historical significance. This includes:- Old English Literature: Familiarize yourself with the key works of Old English literature, such as "Beowulf," "The Dream of the Rood," and "The Battle of Maldon," as well as the major writers associated with the period.- Middle English Literature: Study the major works of Middle English literature, including "The Canterbury Tales," "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight," and "Piers Plowman," as well as the major writers associated with the period.- Renaissance Literature: Understand the major works of Renaissance literature, such as the plays of William Shakespeare, the poetry of Edmund Spenser, and the essays of Francis Bacon, as well as the major writers associated with the period.- 17th Century Literature: Familiarize yourself with the major works of 17th century literature, including the poetry of John Donne and George Herbert, the prose of Thomas Browne and John Bunyan, and the plays of Ben Jonson and John Webster.- 18th Century Literature: Study the major works of 18th century literature, including the novels of Daniel Defoe and Samuel Richardson, the satire of Jonathan Swift, and the poetry of Alexander Pope and Thomas Gray.- Romantic Literature: Understand the major works of Romantic literature, including the poetry of William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, the novels of Jane Austen and the Brontë sisters, and the critical essays of William Hazlitt and Leigh Hunt.- Victorian Literature: Familiarize yourself with the major works of Victorian literature, including the novels of Charles Dickens and George Eliot, the poetry of Alfred, Lord Tennyson and Robert Browning, and the essays of Thomas Carlyle and John Stuart Mill.- Modernist Literature: Study the major works of Modernist literature, including the poetry of T.S. Eliot and W.B. Yeats, the novels of Virginia Woolf and James Joyce, and the essays of Virginia Woolf and E.M. Forster.Having a good grasp of the major writers and works from each literary period is essential for success in the English literature postgraduate entrance examination.4. Literary Criticism and TheoriesIn addition to understanding the major writers and works of English literature, candidates should also have a good understanding of literary criticism and theories. This includes:- Formalist Criticism: Formalist criticism focuses on the literary work itself, analyzing its form, structure, and language to uncover its meaning and significance. Candidates should study the key concepts and approaches of formalist criticism, as well as its major proponents and their works.- Psychoanalytic Criticism: Psychoanalytic criticism applies the theories of Sigmund Freud and other psychoanalysts to the study of literature, seeking to uncover the unconscious motives and desires of the characters and authors. Candidates should familiarize themselves with the key concepts and approaches of psychoanalytic criticism, as well as its major proponents and their works.- Feminist Criticism: Feminist criticism focuses on the representation of women in literature, as well as the ways in which gender roles and power dynamics are addressed in literary works. Candidates should understand the key concepts and approaches of feminist criticism, as well as its major proponents and their works.- Marxist Criticism: Marxist criticism applies the theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels to the study of literature, analyzing the role of class, power, and ideology in literary works. Candidates should study the key concepts and approaches of Marxist criticism, as well as its major proponents and their works.- Postcolonial Criticism: Postcolonial criticism examines the ways in which literature reflects and responds to the legacy of colonialism and imperialism. Candidates should familiarize themselves with the key concepts and approaches of postcolonial criticism, as well as its major proponents and their works.A good understanding of literary criticism and theories is crucial for success in the English literature postgraduate entrance examination.5. Comparative LiteratureComparative literature involves the study of literature across different languages, cultures, and periods, seeking to understand the connections and differences between literary works from different traditions. Candidates should have a good understanding of the key concepts and approaches of comparative literature, as well as the major writers and works within the field.ConclusionIn conclusion, the study of English literature covers a wide range of knowledge, from literary periods and genres to major writers, works, literary criticism, and comparative literature. For those preparing for the English literature postgraduate entrance examination, it is essential to have a good grasp of these key knowledge points in order to achieve success. By understanding the major areas of study in English literature and familiarizing oneself with the key concepts, approaches, and major figures within each area, candidates can enhance their chances of success in the examination.。

英国文学史考研笔记

一、History of English Nation and Early Literature1、The language of English1）Old English 5th– 11th century2) Middle English 11th– 15th century3) Modern English 15th– now2、The Making of English Nation1) Aborigines: Aborigines of Britain were Celts.（or Britons）(700 B.C.)2)Roman conquest (1st century B.C.---5th century A.D.)In 55 B.C.. Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar, the Roman conqueror. The Roman occupation lasted for about 400 years. Christianity arrived England at that period.3)Anglo-Saxon conquest[English conquest](5 C---8 C)Angles, Saxons and Jutes①After many conflicts between the many tribes, at 7th century, a united kingdom appeared. This kingdom usedOld English, and the people was called English. The Anglo-Saxon period witnessed a transition from tribal society to feudalism.②The Anglo-Sexons believed the Pagan Religion(old mythology of Northern Europe). They were calledPagans.(异教徒) They were Christianized in the 7th century.③English literature began from this period.4) Danish Invasion (8C—11C)The danes dominated England for just 30 years, but the influence was deep.5) Norman conquest(1066-1350)English blended with French and Latin, and Middle English came into being. The Norman Conquest marks the establishment of feudalism in England.Three effects of the Norman conquest:(a)the bringing of Roman civilization to England(b)the growth of nationality i.e. a strong centralized government(c)the new language and literature, which is proclaimed in Chaucer3、Early English Literature(5th century- 15th century)1) Features: in oral form; close to religion; in poetry(epics)2) Classification: Secular literature(世俗文学)Religious literature(宗教文学)3) Masterpieces: The Song of Beowulf （national epic of England）It is the first long narrative poem in old English. It was written down in the 10th century. It told the struggle of primitive people against hostile force of nature under a mighty wise leader.Beowulf fighted with Grendel (a monster half-human), Grendel’s mother, and a firedrake(firedragon).4) Artistic Features: Alliteration; Compound word; Understatement and Metaphor.4、The Epic,Romance, Chivalry,Ballad and AlliterationEpic is a long narrative poem derived from ancient oral tradition. It narrates the deeds and the adventure of heroic and legendary of the past history of the nation. Usually it’s sublime in theme, characterization and style. The history of epic can be traced back to Homer’s Illiad and Odyssey.Romance is the most prevalent kind of literature in feudal England. It’s a long composition in verse or in prose. It describes the life and adventure of noble heroes. It generally concerns knights and involves a large amount of miscellaneous adventures. It is chivalric in ideology. The Romance of King Arthur is comparatively the mostimportant for the history of English literature. (the romances had nothing to do with the common people)Chivalry is a kind of religious moral and social laws and customs of Knights in the Middle Ages. According to it, the qualities of Knights involve courage, honor, courtesy, loyalty, devotion to the weak and helpless and to serve the women.Ballad is the stories narrated in songs with musical instruments. It has usually 4-line stanzas with the second and forth lines in rhyme or the couplet in rhyme. The represent of ballad is The Robin Hood Ballads.Alliteration: It has to do with the sound rather the sense of the words for effect. It is a device that repeats the same sound at frequent intervals and since the sound repeated is usually the initial consonant sound, it is also called “front rhyme”.二、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400)Chaucer was a transitional writer, father of English poetry, the greatest poet of Middle Ages and founder of the English Realism.As a forerunner of humanism he is drawn to everything that is earthly, tangible and human. He shows particular interest in the Italian human literature of the 14th century. There are Realistic spirits in his works.In contradistinction to the alliterative verse of the Anglo-Saxon poetry, Chaucer chose the metrical form which laid the foundation of the English tonico-syllabic verse. He is the first great poet who wrote in the English language. Chaucer did much in making the dialect of London the standard for the modern English speech.Masterpiece: The Canterbury TalesHeroic couplet: It is iambic pentameter rhyming in pairs. Heroic couplet was started by Geoffrey Chaucer and was perfected by Alexander Pope. It was a standard measure for all forms of poetry.Allegory: It is a figurative narrative or description, conveying a veiled moral teaching and symbolic meaning. In many cases, it is an extended metaphor, besides, the symbolic meaning is usually expressed through personification.The art of allegory reached its height in the middle ages, especially in the works of the Italian poet Dante and the English poet Geoffrey Chaucer. It was prevalent also in Renaissance literature. The good example for this is Edmmund Spenser’s “The Fairy Queen”. Some modern authors also produced allegories, to name but a few, “Animal Farm” by George Onwell, “The Marble Faun” by Nathanrel Hawthorne , “Between the Acts” by Virginia Woolf and “Lord of the Flies” by William Golding.三、Bishop Thomas Percy (1729-1811)was among the first to take interest in ballads. He published Reliques ofAncient English Poetry.四、The Renaissance（16世纪）一、文学知识Definitions of the Literary Terms:1. The Renaissance: It is a cultural and intellectual movement. It started in Italy in the late 13th century and gradually spread in Europe. The peak of Renaissance occurred at different time in different places. In England it was in 16th century. It was brought out by the growth of productive forces with the development of new forces of social relationships. It signified the beginning of disruption of feudal system. It’s a great liberation of human thought. It became the movement against feudalism and the classical literature and culture. The second feature is keen interest in human activities. Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.2. Humanism:Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. It is a kind of literature and psychological system of thought. It tries to place the affairs of mankind at the center of their concerns. It originated in Italy during Renaissance and soon spread through out west Europe. It reflects the interest and new outlook of the rising bourgeois class. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.二、文学分类和代表作家1、小说：1)Thomas More (1478-1535)an outstanding humanist in the early 16th centuryUtopia: The first book contains a long discussion on the social conditions of England. In the second book is describedin detail an ideal communist society, Utopia.2)John Lyly(1553-1606):Eupheus大学才子：Thomas Kyd, John Lyly, Thomas Lodge, Thomas Deloney, Thomas Nashe,Christopher Marlowe, Robert Greene.2、诗歌lyrical poems:Sonnet:is a lyrical poem in 14 lines with 10 syllables in each line, usually in iambic pentameter. It’s composed in definite rhyming scheme, of which the Petrarcan and Shakespearean are the principle. The Petrarcan sonnet was introduced into England by Thomas Wyatt and Earl of Surrey in the early 16th century. The rhyme pattern was abba abba cdcdcd/ cde cde. The rhyme pattern of Shakespearean sonnet is abab cdcd efef gg. Sonnet became a perfect English poetic medium in the hands of Shakespeare and Milton and so on.1Thomas Wyatt(1503-1542)[first introduced the sonnet into English literature]; Earl of Surrey2Earl of Surrey(1527-1547)[created blank verse];3Philip Sidney(1554-1586);4Edmund Spenser(1552-1599). the author of the greatest epic poem of the time The Fairy Queen; The Shepherds’ Calendar.He created a new stanza, called the Spenserian stanza, which is well suited to narrative verse.Spenserian stanza: Spenserian stanza was invented by Edmund Spenser. It is a stanza of nine lines, with the first eight lines in iambic pentameter & the last line in iambic hexameter, rhyming ababbcbcc.3、EssayFrancis Bacon(1561-1626)The founder of English materialist philosophy and modern science in England.. He is the first English essayist.散文：Of Truth; Of Studies4、戏剧A Christopher Marlowe(1564-1593)Marlowe was the first great English Dramatist. In his plays, Marlowe used blank verse, which he molded into a superb instrument for expressing intense emotions. After his development of blank verse it became the standard medium for English dramatic & epic poetry.作品：Doctor Faustus; The Jew of Malta; TamburlaineB) Ben Jonson(1572-1637)作品：Every Man in His Humour; V olpone, or the Fox; The Alchemist; Bartholomew Fair.C William Shakespeare(1564-1616)The First Period (1590-1594)-five historical plays & four comedies:Henry Ⅵ, part Ⅰ (1590)Henry Ⅵ, part Ⅱ (1590)Henry Ⅵ, part Ⅲ (1591)Richard Ⅲ (1592)Titus Andronicus (1593)The Comedy of Errors (1592)The Two Gentlemen of Verona (1594)The Taming of the Shrew (1593)Love's Labor's Lost (1594)The Second Period (1595-1600)-five historical plays, six comedies & two tragedies:Richard Ⅱ (1595)King John (1596)Henry Ⅳ, Part Ⅰ & Part Ⅱ(1597)Henry V (1598)A Midsummer Night's Dream (1595)The Merchant of Venice (1596)Much Ado About Nothing (1598)As You Like It (1599)Twelfth Night (1600)The Merry Wives of Winsor (1598)Romeo & Juliet (1595)Julius Caesar (1599)The Third Period (1601-1609)-Seven tragedies & two dark comedies:HamletOthelloKing LearMacbethAntony & CleopatraTroilus & CressidaCoriolonusAll's Well That Ends WellMeasure for MeasureThe Fourth Period (1609-1612)-Romantic tragic-comedies & two plays:PericlesCymbelineThe Winter's TaleThe TempestHenry ⅧThe Two Noble KinsmenShakespeare's authentic non-dramatic poetry consists of two long narrative poems: Venus & Adonis & The Rape of Lucrece & his sequence of 154 sonnets.五、The 17th CenturyPuritan Revolution:It refers to the bitter power struggle between the Parliament and the English Monarchy. The victory of the parliament side led to the execution of Charles I in 1649 and the temporal overthrow of the monarchy. The country became a republic founded by Cromwell and lasted for more than ten years. It ended with James II restoring monarchy in 1660. The revolution was led by the Parliament, the majority of which were puritans.Spiritual Gloom:The 17th century England witnessed frequent changes in ruling powers, and with the breaking of old ideas in politics and religion, came the confusion of people’s spiritual world, which called Spiritual Gloom. This prevalent feeling could be found in many author’s works at that time. The best example is Robert Burton’s “Anatomy of Melancholy”.1、John Donne(1572-1631)Donne is the leading figure of the 17th-century "metaphysical school".His poems give a more inherently theatrical impression by exhibiting a seemingly unfocused diversity of experiences & attitudes, & a free range of feelings & attitudes, & a free range of feelings & moods. The mode is dynamic rather than static, with ingenuity of speech, vividness of imagery & vitality of rhythms, which show a notable contrast to the other Elizabethan lyric poems, which are pure, serene, tuneful, & smooth running.作品：poems Death Be Not Proud; Go and Catch a Falling Star; The Ecstacy;A V alediction: Forbidding Mourning.Metaphysical poetry: It is a term invented by John Dryden and adopted by Samuel Johnson as a designation of certain 17th century poetry. These poets were addicted to witty conceits and far-fetched imagery. They stressed the highly intellectual convictions and the genuine poetic quality and introduced reasoning and argument into poetry.Sometimes these poems are too obscure to be understood. The best example of this group are John Donne, George Herbert and Andrew Marwell.2John Milton(1608-1674)the towering figures in all literature. His masterpiece, Paradise Lost, is considered the unsurpassed English epic poem. He is also famous for his graceful lyric poems, such as Lycidas, L'Allegro.Milton's literary achievements can be divided into three groups:①the early poetic works: Lycidas, L'Allegro②the middle prose pamphlets③the last great poems. In 1652 he suffered great personal tragedy with the total loss of his eyesight & the death ofhis wife & infant son.Paradise Lost ;Paradise Regained ;Samson Agonistes .Among the three, the first is the greatest, indeed the only generally acknowledged epic in English literature since Beowulf; & the last one is the most perfect example of the verse drama after the Greek style in English.Puritanism:Puritans wanted to purify the religious belief and practice. The wished to restore the simplicity of church practice and the authority of the Bible to theology. They were a group of people of hasher sect, looking uponthemselves as chosen people. They renounced a life of joy of this world and embraced the eternal bliss of Heaven.Therefore, they opposed the art and pleasure at large. They were much more concerned with authority than with democracy. Puritans built a life of their own that was in harmony with their religion. It was one that stressedhardworks, thrifty and sobriety. The puritan value dominated much of the early American culture and writing.3、John Bunyan（1628-1688）John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress is the outstanding 17th-century English religious literature. For more than 200 years this book was second in popularity only to the Bible. Bunyan did not attempt to portray the political confusion & social upheaval of 17th-century England. His concern was rather the study of man's spiritual life.Bunyan chiefly wrote four prose works -Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners；The Life & Death of Mr.Badman；The Holy War ；The Pilgrim's Progress。

英美文学考研罗经国《新编英国文学选读》考研复习笔记

英美文学考研罗经国《新编英国文学选读》考研复习笔记一、盎格鲁-撒克逊时期(450～1066)1.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. Historical Background（历史背景）(1) The earliest settlers of the British Isles were the Celts, who migrated to the British Isles about 600 B.C.不列颠群岛最早的定居者是凯尔特人，他们大约在公元前600年移民到不列颠群岛。

(2) From 55 B.C. to 407 A.D. the British Isles were under the rule of the Roman Empire.从公元前55年到公元407年，不列颠群岛处于罗马帝国的统治之下。

(3) About 450 A.D., waves of the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes invaded the British Isles. They settled in England, and drove the Celts into Wales, Scotland, and Ireland.公元450年左右，盎格鲁人、撒克逊人和朱特人占领了不列颠群岛。

他们在英格兰定居，将凯尔特人驱逐到威尔士、苏格兰和爱尔兰。

(4) It was around 500 A.D., in the struggle against Cerdic, the founder of the kingdom of Wessex, that the Celtic King Arthur, a legendary figure, is said to have acquired his fame.大约在公元500年，在与威塞克斯王国创始人塞迪奇的斗争中，传说中的凯尔特王亚瑟获得了他的名声。

(5) Beginning from the later part of the 8th century, the Danes, or the Vikings, came to invade England, at first, along the eastern coast, but later they threatened to overrun the whole country.在8世纪50年代初期，丹麦人又叫北欧海盗开始入侵英格兰，开始是东海岸，进而威胁到整个国家的统治。

考研英国文学复习要点

考研英国文学复习要点（参照教材刘炳善《英国文学简史》）Part One: Early and Medieval English Literature1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements（此处可能会有填空，选择等小题）2. Romance（名词解释）3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’s story4. Ballad（名词解释）5. Character of Robin Hood6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet)7. Heroic couplet (名词解释)Part Two: The English Renaissance8. The Authorized Version of English Bible and its significance（填空选择）9. Renaissance（名词解释）10.Thomas More——Utopia11. Sonnet（名词解释）12. Blank verse（名词解释）13. Edmund Spenser“The Faerie Queene”; Amoretti (collection of his sonnets)Spenserian Stanza（名词解释）14. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies”（推荐阅读，学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照，本文用词正式优雅，多排比句和长句，语言造诣非常高，里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句，非常值得一读）15. Christopher Marlowe (“Doctor Faustus” and his achievements)16. William Shakespeare可以说是英国文学史中最重要的作家，一定要看熟了。

英国文学重点知识复习

名词解释1.Philosophy:The word “” is Greek for “love of wisdom” and has come to mean a systematic search for answerto life’s great questions.(哲学定义)2.Rationalism:Ancient Greeks believe that some universal truth has always existed and that reason is theprimary source of knowledge.（理性主义定义）3.Idealism:Human senses provide inexact concepts of things; only human reason can give us true knowledgeabout the world.（柏拉图Plato）(理念论/唯心主义定义）4.The Renaissance:The French word “renaissance” means “rebirth” in English. It refers to the rebirth ofknowledge in Europe, particularly the rediscovery of the Greco-Roman texts.（持续300年）(文艺复兴定义) 5.Magna Carta: The barons wrote the famous document called the Magna Carta, which they forced John toaccept on June 15, 1215 at Runnymede. This Magna Carta, also called the Great Charter, was designed to obtain public liberties and to control the king’s power.(大宪章定义)6.Puritan：The term “Puritan” comes from the desires of these English Christians to “purify” the AnglicanChurch by removing all traces of Roman Catholicism.(清教徒定义)7.Industrial Revolution(简称I.R): During the latter half of 18th century, a rapid series of changes began,especially in the field of manufacturing. There were so many new inventions the whole process is often described as ~~(工业革命定义)8.The factory of the world:British was once called~~~~~, because the Industrial Revolution promoted itsdevelopment of production.(世界工厂定义)9.The Enclosure Movement: In the end of 15th century, the cloth industry increased the value of wool. Raisingsheep became more profitable. Large areas of lands were often fenced by landlords without any warning to the peasants. This process is called~~~(圈地运动定义)10.Boston Massacre: On Mach 5, 1770, angry Boston citizens died and eight were wounded. Dubbed the“Boston Massacre”, the incident was regarded as proof of British tyranny.(波士顿惨案内容)（美国革命序曲) 11.1the Declaration of Independence: On July 4, 1776 the Second Continental Congress officially declaredindependence and formed the United States of America by adopting the Declaration of Independence, written by Thomas Jefferson of Virginia. The document declared that “all men are created equal” and are “ endowed by their creator” with certain “ inalienable rights” including “life ,liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”.(独立宣言定义)12.checks-and-balances: The US Constitution also provided for checks-and-balances between the three branchesof government. Executive Branch—the president行政权—总统Legislative Branch—the Congress立法权—国会Judicial Branch—the U.S. Supreme Court司法权—最高法院Each branch was given powers and duties that ensured that the other branches would not have too much power.(三权分立，分权制衡定义)13.the New Deal: Roosevelt’s program of “Relief, Recovery and Reform” was popularly known as “the NewDeal”, a program that significantly and dramatically increased the national government’s intervention in the economy.(罗斯福新政定义)14.Prohibition: The 18th Amendment to the Constitution(1919) is known as “Prohibition”, because it prohibitedthe sale of alcoholic beverages in the United States.(禁酒法令定义)15.Cold War:The “Cold War”, a term popularized by Winston Churchill in 1946, means alternative forms ofwarfare that rely on limited violence and ideological, economic and political methods.(美苏冷战定义)16.Mayflower: In 1620, a group of 132 Separatists (Puritans who had “separated” or left the Church of England)boarded the Mayflower and sailed for Virginia. The Mayflower was blown off course and landed in what is now Massachusetts, far to the north of Virginia.(五月花)简答、填空、选择1.What role did Winston Churchill play in World War II? (丘吉尔在二战中起到什么作用？)⑴He played the important role in World War II.⑵In 1941, he led the country through the miracle of Dunkirk, that was 338000 allied solders’ evacuation to Britain.⑶In 1943, he met Stalin and Roosevelt at Teheran Conference and decided to open the Second Battlefield West Europe.⑷In 1945, he proposed to fight against the Japanese Army till the end of the war.2.Why did I.R firstly take place in Britain?（工业革命首先在英国爆发的原因？）There are four prerequisites.4个先决条件Firstly, the accumulation of original capital.资本的原始积累Second, the development of capitalistic farming.资本主义农业取得发展Third, the appearance of free labor reserve.自由劳动力的出现Fourth, the expansion of markets, domestic and foreign.国内外市场的扩张3.New York为什么叫Big Apple?New York’s nickname is “the Big Apple”, a phrase used by jazz musicians to explain the ultimate in achievement, size and excitement.4.The first major Greek philosopher was Thales. Thales claimed that Nature is rational. He asked, “From whatdo all things come and to what do all things return?”（泰勒斯）5.Furthermore,this was the origin of metaphysics, the philosophical study which probes the nature of realityitself.形而上学6.数学家Pythagoras explained the entire natural world with numbers.(提出数字3)3=1(unity）+2（diversity）Three elements of Universe------earth, ocean, heavenThree elements of World ------animals, plants, mineralsThree elements of Gods ------Jupiter, Neptune, PlutoThree elements of Goddess ------Fate, Revenge, Beauty早期基督教教义Trinity (三位一体)人类3个indispensables------body, soul, spirit7.赫拉克利特Heraclitus is remembered because he introduced the concept of change as the onlyunchanging reality in the universe.He compared life to a flowing river:A person cannot step into the same river twice.8.德谟克利特Democritus. He argued that everything in the universe obeys the laws of necessity(必然性法则).9.观点：机械论His mechanistic view of the world was accepted by western thinkers as early as the 16thcentury.10.“Atom” means “uncuttable”(原子→不可分割)11.At the time when Chinese scholars, Confucians and Taoists, were concerned with social relationships andhuman harmony with the natural world, Greek philosophers were arguing about what Nature itself was.12.Athens was famous for its writers, architects, sculptors, thinkers and sports contests, including the originsof the modern-day Olympic Games.(雅典，奥林匹克发源地)13.Socrates→Lived in Athens.(苏格拉底，雅典人)One thing only I know, and that is that I know nothing.He distinguished between two types of knowledge: inner knowledge and empirical knowledge.Inner指each person has Virtue which is not learned through the physical sense.Another major contribution was his question-and-answer technique.14.Aristotle亚里士多德If Plato’s motto was “Mind over Matter”, then Aristotle’s motto was “Matter over Mind”.Aristotle founded the science of logic. His method is called a syllogism which argues from a general principle to a specific examples:General Principle: All men are mortal.Connection: I am a man.Deductive Conclusion: I am mortal.15.牛顿运动定律Newton’s laws of motion explained all visible motions,from those of stars to those of tinypebbles.16.培根Bacon, a British statesman and writer, wrote the first description of the modern scientific method.“Of studies”, “Essays”17.笛卡尔Descartes has also been called the father of modern Rationalism and the father of modern westernphilosophy.(近代理性主义之父，近代西方哲学之父)I think; therefore, I am.我思故我在。

英美文学复习大纲与重点内容

《英美文学》复习大纲第一部分英国文学一、课程简介本课程简要介绍英国各个历史断代的主要文学文化思潮,文学流派,主要作家; 本课程要求学生掌握英国文学史上各个时期的文学特点，出现的文学流派以及该时期一至两位重要作家的文学生涯,创作思想,艺术特色及代表作品；并要求学生做到在掌握有关知识理论的基础上使之转换这能力，即能用有关知识和理论来分析英国文学中的相关问题。

二、课程重点章节简介：第一章:古代与中世纪英国文学1. <<贝尔武夫>>2. 乔叟及其代表作第二章: 文艺复兴时期1. 文艺复兴的定义2. 萨士比亚的戏剧及十四行诗3. 培根的代表作第三章: 十七世纪英国文学1. 弥尔顿的代表作<<失乐园>>、诗剧<<力士参孙>>的主要内容及<<失乐园>>选短第四章: 启蒙运动时期1. 新古典主义2. 伤感主义3. 笛福及代表作4. 蒲伯及代表作第五章: 浪漫主义时期1. 浪漫主义时期文学的特点2. 彭斯的创作特点及代表作3. 华兹华斯的创作特点及代表作4. 拜伦诗歌的特点及代表作第六章: 维多利亚时期1. 维多利亚时期的文学特点2. 布朗蒂姐妹的代表作第七章: 现代时期1. 现代主义文学2. 汤姆斯.哈代创作特点及代表作3. D.H.劳伦斯创作特点及代表作三、本课程重点和难点内容简介第一章:古代与中世纪英国文学：1．<<贝尔武夫>>简介及在英国文学史上的意义。

2．乔叟及其代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》对英国文学做出的贡献。

3．名词解释“骑士抒情诗”第二章: 文艺复兴时期：1. 文艺复兴时期的时间界定2. “文艺复兴”的名词解释3. “人文主义”的名词解释4. 莎士比亚的“Sonnet 18”的主题5. 哈姆雷特的性格分析6. 英语解释《论学习》中的句子第三章: 十七世纪英国文学：1. 英语解释弥尔顿《失乐园》选段中的句子2. 《失乐园》的主要内容和意义3. 《失乐园》中撒旦的人物分析第四章: 启蒙运动时期：1. 启蒙运动时期的界定2. 新古典主义的基本主张和特色3. 伤感主义的名词解释4. 《鲁滨逊漂流记》中鲁滨逊的人物分析5. 蒲伯的《论批评》的主题6. 英文解释《论批评》第五章: 浪漫主义时期：1. 浪漫主义时期的界定及文学特点2. 彭斯的诗歌的特点及其诗作“红玫瑰”3. 华兹华斯和科勒律治合作的《抒情歌谣集》的重要意义4. 华兹华斯的诗歌特点5. 英文解释华兹华斯“我如行云独自游”中的句子6. 拜伦“致希腊”的主题并用英语解释其中句子7. 雪莱“西风颂”的主题并用英语解释其中句子第六章: 维多利亚时期1. 维多利亚时期的文学特点2. 艾米莉。

考研英语语言文学知识点解析

考研英语语言文学知识点解析考研英语语言文学是考研英语科目中的一部分，它主要涵盖了英美文学、语言学、翻译学以及其他相关知识点。

对于考研英语语言文学的备考，我们需要重点掌握以下几个核心知识点。

一、英美文学英美文学是考研英语语言文学重要的一部分内容。

在备考过程中，我们需要了解英美文学的发展脉络、代表作品以及主要流派等内容。

1. 英美文学的发展脉络英美文学的发展可以从古代文学开始追溯，包括了中世纪文学、文艺复兴时期文学、启蒙时期文学等。

另外，19世纪的浪漫主义文学、现实主义文学以及20世纪的现代主义文学也是英美文学发展的重要阶段。

2. 代表作品在备考过程中，我们需要了解英美文学中的一些代表作品，包括但不限于莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》、乔治·奥威尔的《1984》、弗朗茨·卡夫卡的《变形记》等等。

3. 主要流派英美文学中有许多重要的流派，比如浪漫主义、现实主义、现代主义等。

我们需要了解这些流派的特点、代表作品以及与其他流派的区别。

二、语言学语言学是考研英语语言文学中的另一个重要部分。

在备考过程中，我们需要了解语言学的基本概念、重要理论以及应用。

1. 语言学的基本概念语言学主要研究语言的起源、结构、性质等。

我们需要了解语言学中的基本概念，比如语音、语法、语义等等。

2. 重要理论在语言学中，有一些重要的理论需要我们掌握，比如结构主义语言学、生成语法等。

了解这些理论可以帮助我们更好地理解语言的本质。

3. 语言学的应用语言学的研究不仅仅是理论层面的，还有许多实际应用。

在备考过程中，我们需要了解语言学在教学、翻译、语音识别等领域的具体应用。

三、翻译学翻译学也是考研英语语言文学的重要组成部分。

在备考过程中，我们需要了解翻译学的基本概念、方法以及翻译实践中的一些问题。

1. 翻译学的基本概念翻译学主要研究语言之间的转换过程，包括文字翻译和口译。

我们需要了解翻译学的基本概念，比如译者的角色、目的语和源语之间的关系等。

考研英国文学复习要点(参照教材刘炳善《英国文学简史》)

Part One: Early and Medieval English Literature1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements （此处可能会有填空，选择等小题）2. Romance （名词解释）3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’s story4. Ballad（名词解释）5. Character of Robin Hood6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet)7. Heroic couplet (名词解释)Part Two: The English Renaissance8. The Authorized Version of English Bible and its significance（填空选择）9. Renaissance（名词解释）10.Thomas More——Utopia11. Sonnet（名词解释）12. Blank verse（名词解释）13. Edmund Spenser“The Faerie Queene”; Amoretti (collec tion of his sonnets)Spenserian Stanza（名词解释）14. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies”（推荐阅读，学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照，本文用词正式优雅，多排比句和长句，语言造诣非常高，里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句，非常值得一读）15. Christopher Marlowe (“Doctor Faustus” and his achievements)16. William Shakespeare可以说是英国文学史中最重要的作家，一定要看熟了。

天津市考研外国语言文学复习资料英美文学与语言学重点知识点梳理

天津市考研外国语言文学复习资料英美文学与语言学重点知识点梳理天津市考研外国语言文学复习资料 - 英美文学与语言学重点知识点梳理英美文学与语言学是外国语言文学专业考研中的重要科目之一。

为了帮助考生更好地复习准备，本文将对英美文学与语言学的重点知识点进行梳理。

以下是相关知识点及其概要：1. 英美文学史英美文学的历史可以追溯到古老的民间故事和传说，其中包括古希腊和古罗马的文学作品。

英美文学史可大致分为古代文学、中世纪文学、文艺复兴时期、启蒙时期、浪漫主义时期、现代主义以及当代文学等。

2. 莎士比亚与他的作品威廉·莎士比亚被誉为英语文学史上最伟大的戏剧家之一，他的作品具有广泛的代表性和深远的影响。

莎士比亚的作品包括悲剧、喜剧、历史剧等，他通过对人性、权力、爱情等主题的深入探讨，揭示了社会和个体的复杂性。

3. 浪漫主义文学浪漫主义文学是18世纪末19世纪初兴起于欧洲的一种文学思潮。

浪漫主义作家追求个人情感的表达和内心体验的真实性，重视自然、幻想和想象力。

浪漫主义文学在英美文学中有着重要的地位，其代表作品包括雪莱的《西风颂》、拜伦的《唐璜》等。

4. 英美现代主义文学现代主义文学是20世纪初起源于欧美的文学运动，其作品以对传统形式和价值观的抗拒为特征。

英美现代主义作品以流派多样、风格独特而著称。

代表作家包括乔伊斯的《尤利西斯》、福克纳的《喧哗与骚动》等。

5. 英美语言学英美语言学研究英语的发展、演变和使用规则等问题。

重点研究包括语音学、形态学、句法学、语义学等方面的内容。

在英美语言学中，还包括对英语教学和学习的理论研究，以及对不同地区和社会群体使用英语的语言变体和方言的研究。

6. 英美文学与社会变革英美文学与社会变革密切相关，作家们通过作品表达对社会问题、种族关系、文化冲突等的看法和思考。

在奥斯丁的《傲慢与偏见》中，揭示了贵族社会的种种局限与偏见；在奥威尔的《1984》中，对权力与控制的恐怖描写引起了人们对社会现实的深思。

河南省考研外国语言文学复习指南英美文学与语言学重要内容

河南省考研外国语言文学复习指南英美文学与语言学重要内容英美文学与语言学复习指南一、引言在河南省考研英语外国语言文学专业中，英美文学与语言学是一门重要的学科。

本文将为同学们提供一份复习指南，重点介绍英美文学与语言学的重要内容。

二、英美文学1. 英美文学的概述英美文学是指英国和美国的文学作品的总称，包括英国文学和美国文学。

英国文学以莎士比亚、弥尔顿等为代表；美国文学以爱默生、杰克伦敦等为代表。

复习时需熟悉各个时期的重要作家及其代表作品。

2. 英美文学的时期划分（1）英国文学的时期划分：中古英语文学时期、文艺复兴时期、启蒙时期、浪漫主义时期、维多利亚时期等。

（2）美国文学的时期划分：殖民地时期、独立时期、浪漫主义时期、现实主义时期、现代主义时期等。

3. 英美文学的重要作家及其代表作品（1）莎士比亚：《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等。

（2）笛福：《鲁滨逊漂流记》。

（3）简•奥斯汀：《傲慢与偏见》、《爱玛》等。

（4）塞缪尔•贝克特：《等待戈多》。

（5）欧内斯特•海明威：《老人与海》、《别为我哭泣》等。

（6）托马斯•皮金斯：《露西的时间》。

三、语言学1. 语言学的概述语言学是研究语言及其使用规律的学科。

在英美语言文学考研中，语言学是一门重要的专业课程，需要复习的内容包括语音学、语法学、词汇学、语义学、语用学等。

2. 英美语音学英美语音学研究的是英、美音素及其发音规律。

需要掌握的知识点包括元音、辅音等的发音特点和在不同语境下的变化规律。

3. 英美语法学英美语法学研究的是英、美语法结构和语法规则。

需要熟悉的知识点包括词类、句子成分、时态、语态等，以及语法分析和句子结构分析的方法。

4. 英美词汇学英美词汇学研究的是英、美词汇的来源、变化和使用规律。

需要掌握的知识点包括词根、派生、构词法等。

5. 英美语义学英美语义学研究的是词义和句义的规则和变化。

需要了解的知识点包括词义的分类、词义的扩展和压缩等。

6. 英美语用学英美语用学研究的是语言在实际交际中的应用。

基础英语考研(英美文学简史)考研复习考点归纳

基础英语考研（英美文学简史）考研复习考点归纳一、《英国文学简史》考点笔记1.1 复习笔记早期英国文学Early English LiteratureⅠ.Background Knowledge—The Making of England（背景知识——英国的形成）1．The Roman Conquest (55B.C.-410A.D.) 罗马征服（公元前55年—公元410年）A. Brief Introduction（简介）Before the Roman Conquest, the early inhabitants in the island we call England were Britons, a tribe of Celts.In 55 B.C., Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar, the Roman conqueror. Britain was not completely subjugated to the Roman Empire until 78 A.D. But at the beginning of the fifth century, the Roman Empire was in the process of declining. In 410 A.D., all the Roman troops went back to the continent and never returned.罗马征服之前，在英格兰岛上居住的早期居民被称为不列颠人（Britons），不列颠人是凯尔特（Celt）部落的一支。

公元前55年，该岛被罗马的朱利尤斯·凯撒（Julius Caesar）侵略。

直到公元78年，不列颠才完全臣服于罗马帝国，但是在5世纪初，罗马帝国开始没落。

公元410年，所有的罗马军队撤离该岛。

B. Influence（影响）①The Roman mode of life was brought into Britain while the native Britons were treated as slaves.②The Romans brought Christianity to the island and this religion was spread widely. (This is a profound religious effect up to today).③Roman road was built for military purposes.④Along the Roman roads, many towns grew up, London was one of them, and it became an important trading center.①罗马人的生活方式被带到了英国，而当地的不列颠人却沦为奴隶。

Literary terms of British Literature(英国文学常识汇总,考研必背)

Literary terms of British Literature1. Humanism: It‟s an important thought in Renaissance of the 16th century. Its may concern was in man and the fought for emancipation of man. Typically, renaissance humanism assumed the dignity and central position of human beings in the universe, emphasized the importance in education of studying classical imaginative and philosophical literature, and insisted on the primacy。

Many humanists also stressed the need for a rounded development of an individual…s diverse powers。

2. The Enlightenment: The Enlightenment Movement was a progressive intellectual movement which flourished in France and swept through the whole Western Europe at the time .The movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas. It celebrated reasons or rationality, equality and science.3. The Renaissance: The Renaissance marks a transition from the medieval to the modern world. The English Renaissance refers to the period between 16th and mid-17th century. It first started in Italy. The Renaissance means rebirth of revival of classical arts and sciences after the dark ages of medieval obscurantism. Humanism is the core of Renaissance. The humanists hold their chief interest in man and bravely fight for the freedom of individuals. The literary giants in this period are Shakespeare, Spenser, Bacon, Donne and Milton.4. Romanticism: It is a movement that flourished in literature during most of the nineteenth century, beginning as a revolt against classicism. It sees the individual as the very center of all life and all experiences. It also places the individual at the center of art. The Romantic period is an age of poetry. Nature is the dominant subject matter for most romantic poets, such as Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley and Keats.1) Subordinates form to content;2) Encourages freedom of treatment;3) Emphasizes imagination, emotion and introspection;4) Celebrates nature, the common man, and freedom of spirit;5) Tries to find a solution, a way out, for the human race faced with the breaking down of the old order.5. Realism:The attempt in literature and art to represent life as it really is, without sentimentalizing or idealizing it. Realistic writing often depicts the everyday life and speech of ordinary life. This has led, sometimes, to an emphasis on sordid details.1) takes an interest in the details rather than the “story”;2) Attempts to reflect reality faithfully and recreate familiar everydayaspects of life;3) Prefers a straight-forward and matter-of-fact manner of narration;4) focus on common people, especially social underlings and theirsufferings;5) Adopts a critical tone, exposing social ills and criticizing socialinjustice.6. Modernism:1) is marked by a strong and conscious break with the traditional form and techniques of expression, being richly experimental;2) Employs a distinctive kind of imagination, one that insists on having its general frame of reference within itself;3) Implies a historical discontinuity, a sense of alienation, loss and despair;4) Rejects traditional values, assumptions as well as rhetoric;5) Elevates the individual and the inner being over the social being;6) Prefers the subconscious, unconscious to the self-conscious.。

英语专业考研英国文学概括复习大纲 (1)

英国文学概括复习大纲一、中世纪文学古英语文学英格兰岛的早期居民凯尔特人和其他部族,没有留下书面文学作品。

5世纪时，原住北欧的三个日耳曼部落──盎格鲁、撒克逊和朱特──侵入英国，他们的史诗《贝奥武甫》传了下来。

诗中的英雄贝奥武甫杀巨魔、斗毒龙，并在征服这些自然界恶势力的过程中为民捐躯。

它的背景和情节是北欧的，但掺有基督教成分，显示出史诗曾几经修改，已非原貌。

按照保存在一部10世纪的手抄本里的版本来看，诗的结构完整，写法生动，所用的头韵、重读字和代称体现了古英语诗歌的特色。

6世纪末,基督教传入英国，出现了宗教文学。

僧侣们用拉丁文写书，其中比德所著的《英国人民宗教史》(731年完成)既有难得的史实,又有富于哲理的传说，受到推崇，并译成了英文。

此后，丹麦人入侵，不少寺院毁于兵火，学术凋零。

9世纪末,韦塞克斯国王阿尔弗雷德大力抗丹，同时着手振兴学术，请了一批学者将拉丁文著作译为英文，并鼓励编写《盎格鲁—撒克逊编年史》，这是用英国当地语言写史的开始。

中古英语文学1066年诺曼人入侵，带来了欧洲大陆的封建制度，也带来了一批说法语的贵族。

古英语受到了统治阶层语言的影响,本身也在起着变化,12世纪后发展为中古英语。

文学上也出现了新风尚，盛行用韵文写的骑士传奇，它们歌颂对领主的忠和对高贵妇人的爱，其中艺术性高的有《高文爵士与绿衣骑士》。

它用头韵体诗写成，内容是古代亚瑟王属下一个“圆桌骑士”的奇遇。

14世纪后半叶，中古英语文学达到了高峰。

这时期的重要诗人乔叟的创作历程，从早期对法国和意大利作品的仿效，进到后来英国本色的写实，表明了英国文学的自信。

他的杰作《坎特伯雷故事集》用优美、活泼的韵文，描写了一群去坎特伯雷朝圣的人的神态言谈；他们来自不同阶层和行业各人所讲。

二、文艺复兴时期文学16世纪，由于新航路发现后海外贸易发达，英国国力逐渐充实，民族主义高涨，1588年一举击败大陆强国西班牙派来入侵的“无敌舰队”。

文化上也出现了一个活动频繁、佳作竞出的文艺复兴局面。

考研英美文学基础知识

考研英美文学基础知识引言：英美文学是世界文学史上的重要组成部分，其源远流长，涵盖了丰富多样的文学作品和文化背景。

本文将从英美文学的起源和发展、代表作品以及对现代文学的影响等方面，介绍考研英美文学基础知识。

一、英美文学的起源和发展英美文学的起源可以追溯到古代英国和美洲原住民的口头传统。

英国的文学起步于古代民歌和英雄史诗，如《贝奥武夫》和《坎特伯雷故事集》。

而美洲原住民则通过口头传统将自己的文化和历史记录下来。

中世纪时期，英国文学开始出现骑士传奇和中世纪浪漫诗歌。

著名的作品有《亚瑟王传奇》和《诺曼征服者之歌》。

文艺复兴时期，英国文学迎来了巨大的发展，莎士比亚的作品成为了世界文学的瑰宝，如《哈姆雷特》和《罗密欧与朱丽叶》。

18世纪，英国文学迎来了启蒙运动，代表作家有弥尔顿和斯威夫特等。

19世纪则是英美文学的黄金时期，浪漫主义、现实主义和自然主义等文学流派相继兴起。

英国的浪漫主义代表作家有拜伦、雪莱和济慈，而美国的文学巨匠爱默生、霍桑和梭罗等也在这一时期崭露头角。

20世纪以后，英美文学进入了现代主义和后现代主义的阶段。

代表作家如乔伊斯、弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫和托马斯·品钦等，他们的作品对文学史产生了深远的影响。

二、英美文学的代表作品英美文学涵盖了众多经典的代表作品，这些作品不仅具有文学价值，更代表了不同历史时期和文化背景下的思想和情感。

英国文学的代表作品包括莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》和《罗密欧与朱丽叶》，查尔斯·狄更斯的《雾都孤儿》，简·奥斯汀的《傲慢与偏见》，以及乔治·奥威尔的《1984》等。

美国文学的代表作品则有马克·吐温的《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》，弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德的《了不起的盖茨比》，赫尔曼·梅尔维尔的《白鲸》，以及杰克·凯鲁亚克的《在路上》等。

这些作品通过不同的文学形式和风格，反映了当时社会的价值观和人类的内心世界，对后世的文学创作产生了深远的影响。