英美概论

一，归纳总结（summarize）

Chapter 1 History

Part one: History of Britain

The Beginning of Britain

1. The Early settlers (…-55B.C.)

①.8,000 years ago Great Britain became an island

②.Natives of Britain

③.tall and golden-haired Celts

④.from Central Europe

⑤.farmers

⑥.warlike people

2. Roman Britain (55B.C.-410A.D.)

②.Extraordinary achievement in building roads “All Roads Lead to

Rome”

③.Hadrian's Wall，England’s great wall，2000 years ago

3. Anglo-Saxon Britain (410- 871)

①.The Angle, Saxon, and Jute tribes invaded

②.5th and 6th centuries

③.The Anglo-Saxons left their home in northern Germany and

Denmark.

4. Viking Britain (871-1042)

①. Invasion time：In the late 8th century

②.From Denmark：Norsemen, “people from the North”

③.From 1017 to 1041：England was ruled by Danish kings

5. Norman Conquest (1066)

①.Significance ：The best-known event in English history，Duke

William of Normandy, from northern France，William is often referred to as William the Conqueror.

②.Time ：On October 14, 1066

③.Event：William and his army defeated the English army，This

invasion is called Norman Conquest.

①.Time: 1337-1453

②.Event: A series of wars between England and France

③.Unexpected benefits ：The ruling Normans began to regard England

as their home，English was reestablished as the official language.

7. The Wars of the Roses

①.Event ：A series of civil wars between supporters of Lancaster and

York.

②.The badges：a red rose Vs. a white one

③.Reason：In 1455 the Duke of York tried to displace the Lancaster

king, Henry VI. In 1485, Henry Tudor, as Henry VII, founded the Tudor Monarchy.

The Beginning of the Modern World

From the 16th to the 20th century

①.Significant event ：The Religious Reformation

②.Reason ：Henry asked the Pope for permission to divorce because

he wanted to have a son but was refused.

③.Result ：Established the Church of England，Passed a law in 1524

to allow divorce，Married six times，Left England strong and free to

make her way in a new world.

2.Elizabeth I (1553---1603)

The last Tudor monarch，The English navy defeated the Spanish

Armada in 1588，Britain developed into one of the leading European

colonial powers, with the first settlers to America to open the way for a great colonial empire.

3.Charles I (1625 - 1649)

①.Came to the throne in 1625.

②.Believed in the old theory “Divine right of Kings” : the king’s power

came directly from God, not from the people.

③.Dismissed parliament for 11 years

4. The Civil War (1642-1649)

①.Background: Charles I dismissed Parliament in 1629. It was only

when he needed an army to fight against Scotland that he was forced

to recall Parliament but was refused by Parliament.