2019年云南昆明理工大学结晶学与矿物学考研真题A卷
2019年昆明理工大学矿物岩石学考研真题
昆明理工大学2019年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题(A卷)考试科目代码:612 考试科目名称:矿物岩石学
考生答题须知
1.所有题目(包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目)答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上,做在本试题册上无效。
请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。
2.评卷时不评阅本试题册,答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的,后果由考生自己负责。
3.答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答(画图可用铅笔),用其它笔答题不给分。
4.答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。
2019年云南昆明理工大学地质学基础考研真题A卷
2019年云南昆明理工大学地质学基础考研真题A卷
1、概念题(共6小题,每题5分,共30分)
(1)变质作用
(2)洋中脊
(3)黑云母
(4)逆断层
(5)三叶虫
(6)板岩
2、简答题(共3小题,每题15分,共45分)
(1)简述内动力地质作用及类型。
(15分)
(2)简述海岸地貌类型。
(15分)
(3)简述地震的形成机理。
(15分)
3、论述题(共3小题,每题15分,共45分)
(1)试比较潮湿气候和干旱气候条件下湖泊的演化。
(15分)
(2)试比较平行不整合与角度不整合的特征差异和地质意义。
(15分)
(3)试论述三大岩类的相互转化。
(15分)
4、综合题(共1小题,每题30分)
(1)论述地球的圈层结构与圈层相互作用。
(30分)。
2019年云南昆明理工大学矿物岩石学考研真题A卷
2019年云南昆明理工大学矿物岩石学考研真题A卷
一、名词解释(每题5分,共 30分)
1、结晶习性;
2、矿物共生;
3、光率体;
4、超镁铁岩;
5、斑状结构;
6、页岩
二、简答题
1、试举例说明矿物的光泽与矿物的颜色、条痕、透明度之间的相互关系?(10分)
2、简述晶体对称分类以及各晶系的晶体常数特点。
(10分)
3、简述叠层构造、缝合线构造、示底构造和鸟眼构造的特点。
(10分)
4、简述鲍文反应系列的内容及其意义。
(8分)
5、简述变质岩中变晶结构的划分及其特征。
(12分)
6、简述岩浆岩中SiO2与六种氧化物FeO、MgO、Na2O、K2O、Al2O3、CaO 之间的关系。
(10分)
三、论述题
1、从手标本上鉴定一种矿物时,需要观察和描述哪些内容?并举例说明。
(20分)
2、试述陆源碎屑岩的分类及其各类岩石的基本特征。
(15分)
3、对下列岩石进行合理分类,并从矿物成分、结构、构造三个方面阐述其岩石的主要特征。
(25分)
大理岩;辉长岩;鲕状灰岩;玄武岩;片岩;辉绿岩;片麻岩。
昆明理工大学_806矿物加工工程学2007--2017年_考研专业课真题
昆明理工大学2007年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题(A卷)考试科目代码:840考试科目名称:矿物加工工程学(综合)试题适用招生专业:矿物加工工程考生答题须知1.所有题目(包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目)答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上,做在本试题册上无效。
请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。
2.评卷时不评阅本试题册,答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的,后果由考生自己负责。
3.答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答(画图可用铅笔),用其它笔答题不给分。
4.答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。
昆明理工大学2007年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题昆明理工大学2008年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题(A卷)考试科目代码:806 考试科目名称:矿物加工工程学(综合)试题适用招生专业:矿物加工工程考生答题须知5.所有题目(包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目)答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上,做在本试题册上无效。
请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。
6.评卷时不评阅本试题册,答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的,后果由考生自己负责。
7.答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答(画图可用铅笔),用其它笔答题不给分。
8.答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。
昆明理工大学2009年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题(A卷)考试科目代码:806考试科目名称:矿物加工工程学(综合)试题适用招生专业:矿物加工工程考生答题须知1.所有题目(包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目)答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上,做在本试题册上无效。
请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。
2.评卷时不评阅本试题册,答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的,后果由考生自己负责。
3.答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答(画图可用铅笔),用其它笔答题不给分。
4.答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。
昆明理工大学2010年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题(A卷)考试科目代码:805 考试科目名称:矿物加工工程学(综合)试题适用招生专业:081902矿物加工工程、430119矿业工程考生答题须知9.所有题目(包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目)答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上,做在本试题册上无效。
昆明理工大学2022年[结晶学与矿物学]考研真题
昆明理工大学2022年[结晶学与矿物学]考研真题一、选择题1、矿物的自形晶反映了晶体的()A、均一性B、稳定性C、自限性D、异向性2、根据晶体生长的布拉维法则,晶体的实际晶面为()A、生长速度最快的面网B、垂直于面网密度大的面网C、面网密度最小的面网D、D、平行于面网密度大的面网3、极射赤平投影中,其投影基圆的直径相当于()A、倾斜对称轴的投影B、直立对称轴的投影C、倾斜对称面的投影D、直立对称面的投影4、斜方晶系中,晶面(111)在X、Y、Z轴上的截距()A、都相等B、都不相等C、在X、Y轴上相等D、以上都不是5、等轴晶系中,{111}所代表的单形是( )A 、八面体B 、菱形十二面体C 、四方双锥D 、立方体6、是( )A 、四方晶系B 、三方晶系C 、空间群符号D 、对称型的国际符号7、多型符号6H ,6是表示( )A 、一个重复周期内结构单元层的层数B 配位数C 、对称轴D 、分子数8、晶体定向时,等轴晶系L 3在( )A 、a+b 方向B 、a+c 方向C 、a+b+c 方向D 、b+c 方向9、软玉的主要组成矿物属于( )A 、单链硅酸盐B 、双链硅酸盐m 34C、岛状硅酸盐D、层状硅酸盐10、架状硅酸盐矿物的晶体结构中,必须出现的类质同象替代()A、Zn2+—Fe2+B、Mg2+—Fe2+C、Al3+—Si4+D、Ca2+—Ba2+11、下面矿物中,石英的异种有()A、水晶B、玛瑙C、燧石D、芙蓉石12、关于褐铁矿描述正确的有()A、是一种矿物B、是混合物C、可用于炼铁D、是铁矿石的风化产物13、具有金刚光泽的矿物,它的透明度可以是()A、透明B、不透明C、半透明D、以上均可二、填空题1、晶体对称不仅体现在上,同时也体现在上。
2、根据对称要素组合规律,L3×L2 →,L2×P →,L n×P‖→。
3、空间群国际符号P42/mnm中,P表示、42表示、n表示、m表示、属于晶系。
2019年云南昆明理工大学冶金物理化学考研真题A卷
2019年云南昆明理工大学冶金物理化学考研真题A卷一、选择题。
在题后括号内,填上正确答案代号。
(共15小题, 每小题2分,合计30分)1、下列说法中不正确的是( )。
( 1 )用热力学方法不能测热力学能的绝对值;( 2 )理想气体的热力学能只与温度有关,且与气体物质的量成正比;( 3 )N种气体混合物的热力学能等于混合前N种气体的热力学能之和;( 4 )热力学能是系统状态的单值函数。
2、一封闭系统,当状态从A到B发生变化时,经历两条任意的不同途径( 途径1,途径2 ),则下列四式中,( )是正确的。
( 1 ) Q1 = Q2; ( 2 ) W1 = W2; ( 3 ) Q1+W2= Q2+W1; ( 4 ) ∆U1 = ∆U2。
3、同温同压同体积的气体A和B等温混合,混合后的总体积仍为A(或B)原来的体积,则过程( ) 。
(1)∆S > 0;(2)∆S = 0;(3)∆S< 0;(4)∆S无法确定4、温度T时,由化合物的标准摩尔燃烧焓求化学反应 0 = 的标准摩尔反应焓的公式为:()。
(1)∆r H(T) == -∆c H(B, 相态, T);(2)∆r H(T) == ∆c H(B, 相态, T);(3)∆r H(T) == -c H(B, 相态, T);(4)∆r H(T) == c H(B, 相态, T)。
5、一定量的N2气在恒定的压力下升高温度,则其吉布斯函数( )。
(1) 增大; (2) 不变; (3) 减小; (4) 无法确定。
6、在101325 Pa下,苯的熔点是5℃。
在101325 Pa下5℃的C6H6( s )变为5℃的C6H6( l ),则过程的∆H 0,∆S 0,∆G 0。
( )(1)∆H>0,∆S >0,∆G=0;(2)∆H>0,∆S<0,∆G<0;(3)∆H<0,∆S >0,∆G>0;(4)∆H<0,∆S <0,∆G=0。
昆明理工大学试卷A
昆明理工大学 试卷( )考试科目 : 有机化学 学生姓名: 学号:一、命名或写结构(10%)1、CH 3CH 2CH 2CH 32、CH 3OCH(CH 3)23、CH 2=CHCH 2CH 2C≡CH4、CH 35、OHNO 2O 2N26、NHO7、α-D-吡喃葡萄糖8、糠醛 9、3-戊酮10、(R )—乳酸二、完成反应式(20%) CH 3CH 2CH CH 23+( )( )( )1、OC H CH CN( )2、3、2CH 3CHO△CH 3CH 2CH 2CH 2BrMg ,干醚4、+ClCH=CHCH 2Cl CH 35、.稀NaOH①O 3+6、OCH 3OHCH 3MgBrOH +7、CH 2ClCH 32CH323( )( )8、CH 3CHCHCH 35CH 3OH9、三、选择题(30%)1、下列化合物中有顺反异构体的是( ) A 、2-甲基-1-丁烯 B 、2-甲基-2-丁烯 C 、3-甲基-2-戊烯 D 、3-乙基-3-己烯2、下列化合物中最易发生亲电取代反应的是( ) A 、B 、C 、D 、COCH 3ClCH 3NHCOCH 33、下列化合物酸性次序由强至弱排列正确的是( ) a 、CH 3COOH b 、HC ≡CH c 、H 2O d 、CH 3CH 2OHA 、a >b >c >dB 、a >c >d >bC 、a >d >c >bD 、c >b >d >a 4、下列化合物中构象最稳定的是( )A 、B 、C 、D 、H C 2H 5C 2H 5HH C 2H 5C 2H 5H5、下列化合物在水中溶解度最小的是( )A 、CH 3CH 2CH 2OHB 、CH 3CH 2CHOC 、CH 3OCH 2CH 3D 、CH 3COOH6、下列化合物能与托伦试剂反应的是( )A 、蔗糖B 、葡萄糖C 、淀粉D 、 纤维素 7、光照下,烷烃卤代反应是通过哪种中间体进行的?( )A 、碳正离子B 、自由基C 、碳负离子D 、协同反应,无中间体 8、下列化合物的碱性强弱顺序在气相中是( )a. CH 3CH 2NH 2b. (CH 3CH 2)2NHc. (CH 3CH 2)3Nd. NH 3A 、a >b >c >dB 、b >a >c >dC 、d >c >b >aD 、c >b >a >d 9. 下列化合物是内消旋体的是( ) AB CDCH 3H Cl C H 3ClPh C H 3H C H 3PhCH 3H Cl H HCl CH 3Ph O H H H OH10、下列化合物用高锰酸钾氧化生成一元芳香酸的是( )A 、B 、C 、D 、CH 33)3CH 2CH 32CH 3CH 32CH 2CH 3CH 33)211、要把CH 3CH=CHCH 2COOC 2H 5还原为CH 3CH 2CH 2CH 2CH 2OH ,应选择的还原条件是( )A 、H 2 / Pt 4B 、Na /C 2H 5OH C 、LiAlHD 、NaBH 4 12、下列化合物能与重氮盐发生偶合(偶联)反应的是( )A 、B 、C 、D 、CH 3NH 3+OHCH 3Cl13、鉴别伯、仲、叔醇的有效试剂是( )A 、NaNO 2 / HClB 、ZnCl 2 / HClC 、斐林试剂D 、I 2 / NaOH 14、下列陈述中,哪个是S N 1和S N 2共有的特点( )A 、增加溶剂的极性,反应明显加快B 、叔卤代烷的反应速率大于仲卤代烷C 、反应速率与离去基团性质有关D 、增加试剂的亲核性,反应明显加快 15、下列化合物的亲核加成活性顺序为( )a. 乙醛b. 丙酮c. 苯乙酮d. 二苯甲酮A 、d >c >b >aB 、a >b >c >dC 、b >c >d >aD 、c >d >b >a四、用化学方法鉴别下列各组化合物(9%) 1、CH 2CH 2ClCH 2IBrCH 2CH 2Br、、、2、甲酸、乙酸、乙醇、丙酮、乙醛、乙胺3、CH 3COCH (CH 3)COOC 2H 5 和 CH 3COC (CH 3)2COOC 2H 5五、合成题(16%)(无机试剂任选)1、以乙醇为原料,用丙二酸酯法合成环丙烷甲酸。
结晶学及矿物学试题及答案
考试课程名称:结晶学学时:40学时考试方式:开卷、闭卷、笔试、口试、其它考试内容:一、填空题(每空0.5分,共10分)1.晶体的对称不仅体现在上,同时也体现在上。
2.中级晶族中,L2与高次轴的关系为。
3.下面的对称型国际符号对应晶系分别为:23为晶系,32为晶系,mm2为晶系,6mm为晶系。
4.金刚石晶体的空间群国际符号为Fd3m,其中F表示,d表示,根据其空间群符号可知金刚石属于晶系,其宏观对称型的全面符号为。
5.正长石通常发育双晶,斜长石发育双晶。
6.晶体中的化学键可以分为、、、和等五种。
7.最紧密堆积原理适用于晶格和晶格的晶体。
二、选择题(每题1分,共10分,前4题为单选)1.对于同一种晶体而言,一般说来大晶体的晶面数与小晶体的晶面数,哪个更多?()A、大晶体的B、小晶体的C、一样多D、以上均错误2. 类质同象中,决定对角线法则的最主要因素是:()A、离子类型和键型B、原子或离子半径C、温度D、压力3. 具有L i4和L i6的晶体的共同点是:()A、有L2B、无PC、无CD、有垂直的P4.关于布拉维法则说法不正确的是:()A、实际晶体的晶面往往平行于面网密度大的面网B、面网密度越大,与之平行的晶面越重要C、面网密度越大,与之平行的晶面生长越快D、面网密度越大,与之平行的晶面生长越慢5.可以与四面体相聚的单形有()A、四面体B、立方体C、八面体D、四方柱E、斜方双锥6.黄铁矿晶体通常自发地生长成为立方体外形,这种现象说明晶体具有()性质:A、自限性B、均一性C、异向性D、对称性7.下面说法中正确的有:()A、准晶体具有近程规律B、非晶体具有远程规律C、准晶体具有远程规律D、非晶体具有近程规律8.某晶面在X、Y、Z轴上截距相等,该晶面可能的晶面符号有()A、(hhl)B、(hkl)C、(1011)D、(hh h2l)9.同一晶带的晶面的极射赤平投影点可能出现的位置有()A、基圆上B、直径上C、大圆弧上D、小圆弧上10.关于有序-无序现象说法正确的有()A、有序-无序是一种特殊的类质同象B、形成的温度越高晶体越有序C、形成的温度越高晶体越无序D、有序-无序是一种特殊的同质多象三、名词解释(5个,每个2分,共10分)1.平行六面体2.晶体对称定律3.空间群4.双晶律5.多型四、问答题(29分)1.石盐(NaCl)晶体的空间群为Fm3m,请在石盐晶体结构平面示意图(下图a,b)中分别以氯离子和钠离子为研究对象,画出各自的平面格子的最小重复单元。
2019年云南昆明理工大学英语考研真题A卷
2019年云南昆明理工大学英语考研真题A卷Section I Structure and Vocabulary( 15 points )Directions: In this part, there are fifteen incomplete sentences. For each sentence four alternatives A, B, C or D are given. Decide which of the alternatives best completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET.1.Uncertainty about the economy is ___________ as serious unemployment takes place.A.limitedB. anywhereC. decreasedD. widespread2.Despite an easy-going man in character, Professor Harris’s comments on some academic arguments can be rather _______at times.A.harshB. preciseC. pleasantD. satiate3.In reading a newspaper, the editorial page is highly recommended not only for vocabulary but also for structuring and presenting thought.A worthy ofB wordy ofC rememberedD recommenced4.Being late for an appointment is annoying.A.irrigatingB. intriguingC. irritatingD. intimidating5.The criminal was asked to aid police in their inquiry.A.interviewB. questionC. investigationD. interrogation6.Tourists are being offered an excursion to see the biggest slum in Asia and experience for themselves the ____ the lives of the rich and the poor.A.disparity ofB. difference betweenC. disparity betweenD. differenceof7.Ask anyone why there is an obesity ______ and they will tell you that it's all down to eatingtoo much and burning too few calories.A.popularityB. currencyC. presentD. epidemic8. As a result of his method for early music education, Shinichi Suzuki _________ one of the world’s great violin teachers.A. knows thatB. has been known asC. is well known ofD. has been known for9. There are now many kinds of dictionaries, such as a dictionary of synonyms and antonyms, a biographical dictionary, and a geographical dictionary _____.A. with pronunciations givenB. that has pronunciations givenC. that have pronunciations givenD. that do have pronunciations given10. Each night when______ , my parents lit the fire in the bedroom.A. the temperature fellB. that the temperature did fallC. the temperature fell downD. because the temperature fell11. With ______spring, plants in the wildness grew greener.A the advent ofB arriving atC is arrived inD advention of12. __________the importance of taking notes in class in the first year of college.A. Little did he realizeB. A little he realizedC.He realized a littleD. He did realize little13. Each occupation has its own jargon ; bankers, lawyers and computer professionals, for example, all use among themselves language which outsiders _________.A.have difficulty to followB. have difficult followingC. have difficulty followingD. have difficulty of following14.Many people at that time believed that spices _______ food; however, Hall found that many marketed spices were teeming with bacteria, moulds and yeasts.A.helped preserveB. help preserveC. helps preserveD. help to preserve15.General Patton outwitted his enemy in that he trained his soldiers into an army always ready to fight anytime and anywhere. Here “outwitted” could be replaced with ____.A.was as smart asB. was so wise thatC. was cleverer thanD. was never so cunning asSection II. Reading Comprehension ( 40 points )Directions: There are five passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked with A, B, C and D. You should decide on the BEST choices and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneI recently revisited the city which I was born in, which is a place well known for a castle built on a rock overlooking the surrounding plains, and even better known for a legendary figure who robbed the rich to give to the poor. As I toured the castle and its museum, visited the town center, and roamed around old haunts, I reflected on how the buildings that people of different eras build reflect their central preoccupations.The castle was originally built in the eleventh century, and remained important for several centuries. Throughout the medieval period castles and fortified houses were built. The powerful landowners surveyed and dominated the surrounding lands, the source of their wealth and prestige.Once the industrial era began, castles were sidelined. The merchants and factory owners built town halls, churches, factories and imposing office buildings. The town center reflects this era. An imposing town hall, complete with massive pillars and monumental lions, overlooks the town square. The square is surrounded by equally massive blocks of shops, banks and offices, built to reflect the power of trade in the heyday of the British Empire.Most people, who enter the city today never visit the castle or the old market square, head for the two shopping malls situated at either end of the city center. Here the visitor can shop to their hearts content in an environment of glass and polished chrome. Modern man is no longer a warrior defending his land, or a builder of churches, or a governor of people: he is primarily a consumer. The buildings our generation leaves to posterity will reflect our predominant interest--- shopping.16.The author's approach to the topic can best be described asA.How people change their mind when paying a visitB.Tourists today are less historical-mindedC.A comparative look between the old and the modernD.Shopping is more significant than castle visits17.According to the author, the central preoccupation of different eras could be reflected through _____.A.their landsB. their interestsC. the plains that could be overlookedD. the way they make their buildings18.Castles prove to be useful, in this passage, _____.A.before the industrial revolutionB. when tourists want to shop in themC. as merchants and governors like them to beD. because they are imposing19.Which of the following is the symbol of the British Empire, according to the passage?A.The castles and fortified houses.B. Massive blocks of shops, banks and offices.C. Building with glass and polished chrome.D. Town halls, churches, factories and imposing office buildingsPassage TwoThe study of ecology has taught us that diversity is important to stabilityin the natural world. Modern agricultural practices and other human interventionsin the environment reduces the number of interacting species making the ecosystem vulnerable and unstable.Similarly, human society in its progress toward the cliched global village is liable to make the world less stable not more stable. We are eliminating languages, traditional diets, and eroding cultural practices at an alarming rate. The whole world wants to speak the same language, eat the same food and wear the same clothes. But will this homogeneity be good for the human species? Biologists would tend to say no.Certainly a world where we can all understand each other and share common interests is appealing on one level. But how infinitely poorer we will all be if we travel 5000 miles from home only to find no new people, no new places, no new ways of living, just a copy of what you experience back home.20.According to the author, to speak the same language, eat the same food and wear the same clothes are _____.A.the wishes of people around the worldB.study of biology is of primary importantC.of more demerits than meritsD. keeping the world stable21. The author implies that ______.A.human intervention into the natural environment may reduce the number of speciesB.human intervention into the natural environment may cause the invulnerabilityof ecosystemC. agricultural practices influence interaction between speciesD. agricultural practice is one of the causes for the stability of ecosystem.22. It is true, according to the passage, that ____.A.if we travel 5,000 miles, we will become poorerB.traveling to new places and meeting new people will make us poorer than everC.if we cannot see the differences when traveling afar, what’s the use of traveling?D. if we cannot see the differences when traveling afar, we can infinitely eat the same food and wear the same clothes23. The word “homogeneity” may probably mean______.A.homo sapiensB. homosexualityC. samenessD. homelinessPassage ThreeSmith’s 1776 work, "An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations," also shortened as "The Wealth of Nations," appeared at the dawn of industrial development in Europe. While critics note that Smith didn't invent many of the ideas that he wrote about, he was the first person to compile and publish them in a format designed to explain them to the average reader of the day. As a result, he is responsible for popularizing many of the ideas that underpin the school of thought that became known as classical economics.Other economists built on Smith's work to solidify classical economic theory,which would become the dominant school of economic thought through the Great Depression. In this book, Smith discussed the stages of evolution of society, from a hunter stage without property rights or fixed residences to nomadic agriculture with shifting residences. A feudal society is the next stage. In this stage, laws, and property rights are established to protect privileged classes. Laissez-faire (自由放任)or free markets characterize modern society in which new institutions are established to conduct market transactions.Laissez-faire philosophies, such as minimizing the role of government intervention and taxation in the free markets, and the idea that an "invisible hand" guides supply and demand are among the key ideas Smith's writing is responsible for promoting. These ideas reflect the concept that each person, by looking out for him or herself, inadvertently helps to create the best outcome for all. "It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker, that we can expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest," Smith wrote.24.In the 1st paragraph, the author says that ____.A.ideas in “the Wealth of Nations”had never been known to ordinary readers before Smith proposed themB.it was not until the publication of Smith’s book did some of the ideas become popularC.these ideas had long been known to people in Europe but Smith framed them into his writingD.Smith didn’t invent any of these ideas that he wrote about,but he was the first to know about them.25.In the 2nd paragraph, Smith divided stages of social evolution into _____.A.three stages, i.e., hunter stage, stage of nomadic agriculture and stage of feudal society and each is distinguished with property rightB.two stages, i.e., stage of hunter and nomadic agriculture, and stage of feudal society and each is distinguished with fixed residenceC.four stages, i.e., hunter stage, stage of nomadic agriculture, stage of feudalsociety and stage of privileged classes, each distinguished with shifting residence D. three stages, i.e., hunter stage, stage of nomadic agriculture and stage of feudal society, each distinguished with fixed residence, shifting residence and property right26. Which of the following is not the key idea of Adam Smith?A.There is an invisible hand guiding supply and demand in the free market.ernment should give the least intervention into the market.C.Each person should work inadvertently on their own.D.A baker’s interest may bring us the meal that we expect.27.“Invisible hand” in this context refers to _____.A.demand and supply in a free market could be regulated on its ownernment’s role could be self-reduced through minimizationC.benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker cannot be seenD.ideas proposed by Smith are invisible but have to be written and publishedPassage FourArtificial intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. These processes include learning (the acquisition of information and rules for using the information), reasoning (using rules to reach approximate or definite conclusions) and self-correction. Particular applications of AI include expert systems, speech recognition and machine vision.AI can be categorized as either weak or strong. Weak AI, also known as narrow AI, is an AI system that is designed and trained for a particular task. Virtual personal assistants, such as Apple's Siri, are a form of weak AI. Strong AI, also known as artificial general intelligence, is an AI system with generalized human cognitive abilities. When presented with an unfamiliar task, a strong AI system is able to find a solution without human intervention.Because hardware, software and staffing costs for AI can be expensive, many vendors are including AI components in their standard offerings, as well as access to Artificial Intelligence as a Service (AIaaS) platforms. AI as a Service allows individuals and companies to experiment with AI for various business purposes and sample multiple platforms before making a commitment. Popular AI cloud offerings include Amazon AI services, IBM Watson Assistant, Microsoft Cognitive Services and Google AI services.Some industry experts believe that the term artificial intelligence is too closely linked to popular culture, causing the general public to have unrealistic fears about artificial intelligence and improbable expectations about how it will change the workplace and life in general. Researchers and marketers hope the label augmented intelligence, which has a more neutral connotation, will help people understand that AI will simply improve products and services, not replace the humans that use them.28.The machine that owns the processes to ______could be called AI.A.learn, correct itself and recognize speechB. to see, learn by itself and recognizeC. to correct itself and learn by itself and judge on its ownD. to recognize human speech, play the role of expert and hear what human says29. The main difference between strong and weak AI is that_____.A. strong AI is based on more general cognitive ability than a weak oneB. a weak AI can fulfill a particular mission more efficiently than a strong oneC. given an unfamiliar task, a weak AI would recognize it immediatelyD. could be found in Apple’s Siri, Google, Amazon and IBM, etc.30. Access to Artificial Intelligence as a Service platforms is allowed because_____.A. experiment with AI for various business purposes could be very expensiveB. sampling multiple platforms before making a commitment is importantC. cost to AI as a service is so high that no individual or company could afford itD. costs to make AI is so high that no individual or company could afford it31. The main human concern over AI in this passage mainly refers to ______.A. whether AI will help them with difficult jobsB. that AI will finally take their placeC. whether AI will use themD. if AI will improve products and servicesPassage FiveScientific investigation is a studious research or inquiry; especially examination or experimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts, or practical application of such new or revised theories or laws. While the techniques that scientists use to conduct research may differ across disciplines, like mathematics, physics, biology, chemistry, literature, history, philosophy, or any other scientific field, the underlying principles and objectives are similar. The scientific method, for instance, is defined in The Oxford English Dictionary as “a method or procedure that has characterized natural science since the 17th century, consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypothesis.”The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind. It is simply the mode at which all phenomena are reasoned about, rendered precise and exact. There is no more difference, but there is just the same kind of difference, between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person, as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or a butcher weighing out his goods in common scales, and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graduated weights. It is not that the action of scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but the beam of one is set on a indefinitely finer axis than the other, and of course turns by the addition of a much smaller weight.32.Methods of scientific investigation, regardless of natural science and social science or humanities studies, are____.A.different in essenceB. of great difference in scaleC. similar in phenomenaD. basically similar33. According to the passage, the difference between a chemist and a butcher weighing something is that ____.A. the former operates more mentally than the latterB. the former does it more indefinitelyC. the latter does it with less principle than the formerD. the latter balances less than the former34. Which of the following may serve as the best topic for this passage?A. Scientific researches and experimentation.B. What is meant by method of scientific investigation?C. How to demonstrate a hypothesis?D. Differences of scientific investigation across disciplines.35. Which of the following is true, according to the passage?A. The Oxford English Dictionary does not mentioned social science when giving definition of scientific method.B. The scale used by a baker is not the same as that of a scientist.C.The Oxford English Dictionary’s definition of scientific method includes systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, but not modification of hypothesis.D. The method of scientific investigation is nothing of the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind.Section III Translation (25 points)Part One English-Chinese Translation (15 points)Directions: Read the following paragraph carefully and then translate it into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET.36.In science, validity is the extent to which a concept, conclusion, or measurement is well founded and corresponds accurately to the real world. It has also been defined as an overall assessment of the degree to which evidence and theory support the interpretation of the scores entailed by proposed uses of the instrument. To phrase it simply, validity refers to the degree to which evidence and theory support the interpretations of measures. These definitions prompt questions about the “real” meaning and interpretation of scores collected with health measurement instruments. The word “valid” is derived from the Latin “validus,” meaning strong. In that sense, the validity of a measurement instrument is the degree to which it measures what it claims to measure.Part Two Chinese - English Translation (10 points)Directions: Read the following paragraph carefully and then translate it into English. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET.37.用另一种语言工作可能会又尴尬又有挑战性,但是它也会有非常多的积极面。
考研_2019年云南昆明理工大学工程力学考研真题A卷
2019年云南昆明理工大学工程力学考研真题A卷一、填空题(共40分,每空2分)1、只在两个力作用下平衡的刚体叫⑴。
2、平面汇交力系平衡的的充要条件是⑵。
3、力偶矩矢的定义为⑶,其三要素为:⑷、⑸和⑹。
4、杆件变形的基本形式为:⑺、⑻、⑼和⑽。
5、低碳钢的拉伸过程分为⑾、⑿、⒀、⒁四个阶段,衡量低碳钢材料两个塑性指标分别是⒂、⒃。
四个常用的强度理论分别是⒄、⒅、⒆和⒇。
二、简答题(共20分)1、试求图示两平面图形的形心C位置。
尺寸单位为mm。
(10分)2、图示四根压杆的材料与横截面均相同,对下列各杆件的稳定性由大到小进行排序。
(10分)寻觅三、计算题(共90分)1、如图所示结构由两弯杆ABC和DE构成。
构件重量不计,图中的长度单位为cm.已知F=200N,试求支座A和E的约束力。
(15分)2、图示阶梯形圆截面杆,已知载荷F1=200kN,F2=100kN,AB段的直径d1=40mm,如欲使AB与BC段横截面上的正应力相同,试求BC段的直径。
(15分)3、单元体上的应力如图所示。
求:(1)指定斜截面上的应力;(2)主应力的数值。
(15分)10MPa25MPa25MPa寻觅4、图示结构,梁BD为刚体,杆1与杆2用同一种材料制成,横截面面积均为A=300mm2,许用应力[σ]=160MPa,载荷F=50kN,试校核杆的强度。
(15分)5、试利用剪力、弯矩和载荷集度的关系画出下图示梁的剪力与弯矩图。
(15分)6、图示桁架,杆1与杆2的横截面积均为圆形,直径分别为d1=30mm与d2=20mm,两杆材料相同,许用应力[σ]=160Mpa。
该桁架在节点A处承受铅直方向的载荷F=80kN 作用,试校核桁架的强度。
(15分)寻觅。
昆明理工大学864材料科学基础专业课考研真题(2019年)
昆明理工大学2019年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题(A卷) 考试科目代码:864 考试科目名称:材料科学基础考生答题须知1.所有题目(包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目)答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上,做在本试题册上无效。
请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。
2.评卷时不评阅本试题册,答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的,后果由考生自己负责。
3.答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答(画图可用铅笔),用其它笔答题不给分。
4.答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。
一、名词解释(每个3分,共30分)配位数 P型半导体置换式固溶体孪生肖特基缺陷致密度重构型相变上坡扩散攀移相界二、简答题(共11题,任选9题作答,每个6分,共54分)1.简要分析体心立方及面心立方晶体结构的几何特征,并说明C原子在那种结构中的扩散系数大。
2.试比较分析固溶类型对力学性能的影响。
3.叙述有关离子化合物结构的Pauling规则,并用此规则分析金红石的晶体结构。
4. Q345钢经过五次轧制后总变形量接近三分之二,硬度和抗拉强度得到显著提升,解释原因;5.比较位错运动中攀移与滑移不同。
6.解释钢中添加一定量的B元素,为什么能够取到细化晶粒的作用。
7.从扩散的角度解释为什么表面纳米化后能够显著提升钢的渗碳速率。
8.从晶体结构的角度,分析石墨-金刚石相变和鳞石英变体之间的相变的特征。
9.请分析Cu-Ni合金凝固过程中的枝晶偏析如何产生,要通过什么方式消除。
10.试解释固相反应中为什么要加入矿化剂。
11.根据Al2O3-SiO2系统相图,解释少量Al2O3对降低硅砖耐火度的原因。
三、作图分析题(每题10分,共30分)1. 绘出面心立方晶胞中八面体间隙示意图,并标出八面体间隙的晶面指数。
假设为γ-Fe的晶胞,判断C原子能否稳定存在八面体间隙中(Fe原子半径:0.127nm;C原子半径:0.077nm)。
昆明理工大学《874结晶学与矿物学》考研专业课真题试卷
一、 填空题(每空 1 分,共 40 分)
1、晶体的基本性质有
、
、
、
、
和
。
2、结晶学中,{hkl}是
符号,(hkl)是
符号,[hkl]是
符号。
3、空间群国际符号 P42/mnm 中,P 表示
m 表示
、属于
晶系。
、42 表示
、n 表示
、
4、晶体中的晶格类型可以分为
、
、
和
等四种。
5、等大球最紧密堆积有
最紧密堆积、
6、黄铁矿晶体通常自发地生长成为立方体外形,这种现象说明晶体具有( )性质
A、自限性 B、均一性 C、异向性 D、对称性
7、下面说法中正确的有( )
A、准晶体具有近程规律
B、非晶体具有远程规律
C、准晶体具有远程规律
D、非晶体具有近程规律
8、某晶面在 X、Y、Z 轴上截距相等,该晶面可能的晶面符号有( )
昆明理工大学考研专业课真题试卷
874 结晶学与矿物学
2014 年《874 结晶学与矿物学》专业课真题试卷 2017 年《874 结晶学与矿物学》专业课真题试卷 2018 年《874 结晶学与矿物学》专业课真题试卷 2019 年《874 结晶学与矿物学》专业课真题试卷 2020 年《874 结晶学与矿物学》专业课真题试卷
中的水为
水,水镁石(Mg(OH)2)中的水为
水。
9、(Mg,Fe)2[SiO4]矿物属
大类、
Байду номын сангаас
分中 Mg,Fe 之间为
关系。
10、在风化蚀变条件下,黄铁矿易变成
类、
亚类,矿物名称为
,成
;辉石易变成
2018年云南昆明理工大学矿物岩石学考研真题A卷
2018年云南昆明理工大学矿物岩石学考研真题A卷
一、名词解释(每题5分,共 30分)
1、矿物;
2、晶面指数;
3、多色性;
4、岩浆;
5、层理;
6、区域变质作用
二、简答题(每题 10分,共 60分)
1、简述矿物中水的赋存形式,并举实例说明。
2、相似矿物鉴定:(1)方铅矿,辉锑矿与辉钼矿;(2)石英,方解石与重晶石。
3、简述岩浆岩的形成深度与结构构造的关系。
4、简述沉积岩的形成阶段及特点。
5、简述变质作用发生的机制(方式)及特征。
6、野外如何鉴定沉积岩?以碎屑岩为例。
三、论述题(每题 20分,共 60分)
1、试述硅酸盐矿物硅氧骨干与形态物性的关系,并举例说明。
2、论述超基性、基性、中性和酸性侵入岩类(包括深成和浅成岩)的基本特征、代表性岩石类型和主要矿物组合特征。
3、试述花岗岩、长石石英砂岩和花岗片麻岩的异同?在野外如何区分?。
结晶学及矿物学试题及答案
结晶学及矿物学试题及答案(总13页)--本页仅作为文档封面,使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--考试课程名称:结晶学学时: 40学时考试方式:开卷、闭卷、笔试、口试、其它考试内容:一、填空题(每空分,共10分)1.晶体的对称不仅体现在上,同时也体现在上。
2.中级晶族中,L2与高次轴的关系为。
3.下面的对称型国际符号对应晶系分别为:23为晶系,32为晶系,mm2为晶系,6mm为晶系。
4.金刚石晶体的空间群国际符号为Fd3m,其中F表示,d表示,根据其空间群符号可知金刚石属于晶系,其宏观对称型的全面符号为。
5.正长石通常发育双晶,斜长石发育双晶。
6.晶体中的化学键可以分为、、、和等五种。
7.最紧密堆积原理适用于晶格和晶格的晶体。
二、选择题(每题1分,共10分,前4题为单选)1.对于同一种晶体而言,一般说来大晶体的晶面数与小晶体的晶面数,哪个更多()A、大晶体的B、小晶体的C、一样多D、以上均错误2. 类质同象中,决定对角线法则的最主要因素是:()A、离子类型和键型B、原子或离子半径C、温度D、压力3. 具有L i4和L i6的晶体的共同点是:()A、有L2B、无PC、无CD、有垂直的P4.关于布拉维法则说法不正确的是:()A、实际晶体的晶面往往平行于面网密度大的面网B、面网密度越大,与之平行的晶面越重要C、面网密度越大,与之平行的晶面生长越快D、面网密度越大,与之平行的晶面生长越慢5.可以与四面体相聚的单形有()A、四面体B、立方体C、八面体D、四方柱E、斜方双锥6.黄铁矿晶体通常自发地生长成为立方体外形,这种现象说明晶体具有()性质:A、自限性B、均一性C、异向性D、对称性7.下面说法中正确的有:()A、准晶体具有近程规律B、非晶体具有远程规律C、准晶体具有远程规律D、非晶体具有近程规律8.某晶面在X、Y、Z轴上截距相等,该晶面可能的晶面符号有()A、(hhl)B、(hkl)C、(1011)D、(hh h2l)9.同一晶带的晶面的极射赤平投影点可能出现的位置有()A、基圆上B、直径上C、大圆弧上D、小圆弧上10.关于有序-无序现象说法正确的有()A、有序-无序是一种特殊的类质同象B、形成的温度越高晶体越有序C、形成的温度越高晶体越无序D、有序-无序是一种特殊的同质多象三、名词解释(5个,每个2分,共10分)1.平行六面体2.晶体对称定律3.空间群4.双晶律5.多型四、问答题(29分)1.石盐(NaCl)晶体的空间群为Fm3m,请在石盐晶体结构平面示意图(下图a,b)中分别以氯离子和钠离子为研究对象,画出各自的平面格子的最小重复单元。
2019年云南昆明理工大学普通化学考研真题A卷
2019年云南昆明理工大学普通化学考研真题A 卷一、名词解释(45分,每小题5分)1、相2、状态函数3、反应热4、自发反应5、活化能6、物质的量浓度7、氧化还原反应8、元素周期律9、同分异构体二、填空题(30分,每空2分)1、对于反应:N 2(g) + 3H 2(g) == 2NH 3(g) △r H m Ө(298.15K) = — 92.2 kJ .mol -1 若升高温度(例如升高100K),则下列各项将如何变化(填写:不变,基本不变,增大或减小。
)△r H m Ө ,△r S m Ө ,△r G m Ө , K Ө 。
2、用铂作阳极,铜作阴极电解CuSO 4溶液时,则阳极反应为 ,阴极反应为__________________________。
3、某放热反应的∑vB(g) > 0,则升高温度( p 不变)时,化学平衡的移动方向为 ;在增大压力( T 不变)时平衡移动方向 。
4、判断过程:C 6H 6(l) = C 6H 6(g) 的焓变∆H_______, 熵变∆S_______;(填>0、<0或=0)。
5、熵是体系 的量度,熵的单位是 。
6、酸碱质子理论认为: 是酸, 是碱,H 2S 是酸,其共轭碱是 。
三、计算题(75分)1、试计算石灰石(CaCO 3)热分解反应的△θH (298.15K)和△θS (298.15K) ,并初步分析该反应的自发性。
已知△f θH (CaCO 3,298.15K)=-1206.92kJ ·mol -1,△f θH (CaO ,298.15K)=-635.09kJ ·mol -1,△f θH (CO 2,298.15K)=-393.509kJ ·mol -1,△f θS (CaCO 3,298.15K)=92.9J ·mol -1·K -1,△f θS (CaO ,298.15K)=39.75 J ·mol -1·K -1,△f θS (CO 2,298.15K)=213.74 J ·mol -1·K -1。
昆明理工大学2019年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题A卷
昆明理工大学2019年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题(A卷) 考试科目代码:813 考试科目名称:运筹学
考生答题须知
1.所有题目(包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目)答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上,做在本试题册上无效。
请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。
2.评卷时不评阅本试题册,答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的,后果由考生自己负责。
3.答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答(画图可用铅笔),用其它笔答题不给分。
4.答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。
昆明理工大学2019年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题。
昆明理工大学《612矿物岩石学》考研专业课真题试卷
070903 古
一、名词解释(30 分,每小题 5 分, ) 晶体 解理 变质岩 光率体 隐晶质结构 片麻状构造 二、简述题(60 分) 1、简述矿物分类原则(15 分) 2、方解石和石英手标本及显微镜下如何区分?(15 分) 3、简述辉长岩的基本特征(8 分) 4、简述变质岩定向构造特征。 (10 分) 5、简述硅酸岩矿物按其晶体结构可分为哪几类,每一类列举 1-2 种矿物。 (12 分) 三、论述题(60 分) 1、 论述变质作用的类型、特征及变质作用的方式。 (20 分) 2、 论述火成岩与沉积岩在物质组成、结构、构造上有何区别?(20 分) 3、论述什么是沉积分异作用,类型及其相应的特征(20 分)
一、名词解释(15 分) 矿物 负光性 层理构造 海绵陨铁结构 千枚状构造
二、简述题(75 分,每小题 15 分) 1、简述显微镜下鉴定矿物的方法。举 1-2 个实例加以说明。 2、简述肉眼如何区分黄铁矿与黄铜矿? 3、简述晶体对称的分类。 4、简述玄武岩的基本特征及产出的构造环境。 5、简述碎屑岩的碎屑结构与碳酸盐岩的粒屑结构的主要区别? 三、论述题(60 分,每小题 20 分,请从下面 5 个小题中任选 3 个小题作答) 1、 论述自然界中岩浆岩多样性的原因。 2 、论述泥质变质岩的递增变质带的特点。以巴洛( G.Barrow )对苏格兰高地著名的达尔累丁 (Dalradian)岩系的研究为例加以说明。 3、根据所学知识,试述在野外如何区分岩浆岩与变质岩? 4、根据你所学的知识,论述变质岩在矿物成分、结构和构造上的特征。 5、论述超基性岩石常见的产出方式及其可能成因?
一、名词解释(共 30 分,每小题 5 分) 配位多面体 硬度 多色性 间粒结构 同质多像 斑状变晶结构 二、简述题(共 60 分) 1、简述肉眼如何区分辉锑矿与方铅矿?(15 分) 2、简述矿物的晶体化学分类。 (15 分) 3、简述矿物的突起正负及突起等级的划分方法,列举矿物加以说明。 (10 分) 4、简述变质作用的方式及特点。 (10 分) 5、简述碎屑岩的胶结类型,并用图示意。 (10 分) 三、论述题(共 60 分,每小题 20 分) 1、试述区域变质岩的主要岩石类型、矿物组合及结构、构造特征。 2、论述沉积岩的形成过程。 3、试述岩浆岩的一般特征。
结晶学与矿物学试题
结晶学与矿物学试题及答案一、 填空1、晶体是具有( )的固体。
2、晶体中存在( )种对称型。
3、单形符号{100}在等轴中代表( )单形。
4、矿物晶体在外力作用下,沿一定的结晶方向破裂成一系列光滑平面的固有特性称为( );不依一定的结晶方向破裂而形成各种不平整的断面,称为( )。
5、按晶体化学的分类原则,矿物可分为自然元素、( )、氧化物及氢氧化物、( )和卤化物等大类。
6、某矿物的晶体化学式为Mg 3[Si 4O 10](OH)2,应属( )大类、( )类的矿物。
7、方铅矿和方解石的晶体化学式分别为( )和( )。
8、铝在硅酸盐中起着双重作用,它可以呈四次配位,形成( );它也可以呈六次配位,形成( )。
9、钻石的矿物名称为( ),红宝石的矿物名称为( )。
10、层状硅酸盐矿物中,其结构单元层主要类型分为( )型和( )型。
二、 判断对错(正确的划“√” ,错误的划“×” )1、晶体必须具有规则的几何多面体形态。
( )2、具有对称面的晶体,其晶面数目必然是偶数。
( )3、四方柱单形和八面体单形可以组成聚形。
( )4、一个金属光泽的矿物是透明的。
( )5、金刚石和石墨是同质多像变体。
( )6、黑云母的黑色是自色。
( )7、配位多面体为八面体,其中心阳离子的配位数为8。
( )8、褐铁矿是一个矿物种的名称。
( )9、层间水存在层状硅酸盐矿物的结构单元层之间。
( )10、萤石矿物具有{111}三组完全解理。
( )三、 选择填空(单选)1、晶体的面角是指( )。
A..晶面间的夹角 B .晶面法线间的夹角 B .晶棱间的夹角2、同种化学成分的物质,在不同的物理化学条件下,形成不同结构晶体的现象,称为( )。
A .类质同像B .同质多像C .多型3、斑铜矿的表面常有蓝、紫色等锖色,这属于( )。
A .自色B .他色C .假色4、蓝晶石是典型的( )矿物。
A.沉积岩B.岩浆岩C.变质岩5、辉石族矿物的络阴离子为()。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
2019年云南昆明理工大学结晶学与矿物学考研真题A卷
一、选择题(每题2分,共26分;1-10题为单选题,11-13题为多选题)
1、对于同一种晶体而言,一般说来大晶体的晶面数与小晶体的晶面数,哪个更多?()
A、大晶体的
B、小晶体的
C、一样多
D、以上均错误
2、关于布拉维法则说法不正确的是()
A、实际晶体的晶面往往平行于面网密度大的面网
B、面网密度越大,与之平行的晶面越重要
C、面网密度越大,与之平行的晶面生长越快
D、面网密度越大,与之平行的晶面生长越慢
3、对称型L33L24P属于()
A、低级晶族
B、高级晶族
C、六方晶系
D、三方晶系
4、从三维空间看,空间格子中的最小重复单位是()
A、单位晶胞
B、平行六面体
C、晶格
D、简单格子
5、类质同象中,决定对角线法则的最主要因素是()
A、离子类型和键型
B、原子或离子半径
C、温度
D、压力
6、珍珠光泽常常出现在下面哪些部位()
A、解理面上
B、断口上
C、裂开面上
D、晶面上
7、电气石晶体属于3m点群,是热电类晶体,其热电性是由下列对称特点所决定的()
A、不具有对称中心
B、有一个对称轴
C、具有单向极轴L3
D、具有3个对称面
8、金刚石属于()晶格的矿物
A、离子晶格
B、原子晶格
C、分子晶格
D、金属晶格
9、三斜晶系中晶面(001)与Z轴之间()
A、平行
B、垂直
C、斜交
D、不确定
10、常与硫元素相结合形成硫化物的离子为()
A、惰性气体型
B、铜型
C、过渡型
D、以上均可
11、同一晶带的晶面的极射赤平投影点可能出现的位置有()
A、基圆上
B、直径上
C、大圆弧上
D、小圆弧上
12、关于有序-无序现象说法正确的有()
A、有序-无序是一种特殊的类质同象
B、形成的温度越高晶体越有序
C、形成的温度越高晶体越无序
D、有序-无序是一种特殊的同质多象
13、具有金刚光泽的矿物,它的透明度可以是()
A、透明
B、不透明
C、半透明
D、以上均可
二、填空题(每空1分,共40分)
1、结晶学中,{hkl}是符号,(hkl)是符号,[hkl]是符号。
2、根据对称要素组合规律,6
L→ +P,L n×L2⊥→,L n×P‖→。
i
3、2H代表符号,Fd3m代表符号, [311]代表符号, m3代表符号。
4、某矿物对称型为3L24L33PC,其晶面在X轴和Y轴上的截距系数分别为1和2,与Z轴平行,其单形符号为,单形名称为,该矿物可能是。
5、褐色闪锌矿一般呈光泽,黄玉的断口一般呈光泽,纤维石膏一般呈光泽,刚玉常见裂理。
6、由交代作用形成的新矿物保留了原矿物外形的现象叫;由同质多象形成的新矿物保留了原矿物外形的现象叫。
7、环带构造是的有力证据,另一个晶体生长的理论模型是。
8、具有TOT型结构单元层的矿物有和,具有TO型结构单元层的矿物有
和。
9、矿物中的水,据其存在形式及在结构中的作用分为、、、和。
蛋白石(SiO2⋅nH2O)中的水为水,水镁石(Mg(OH)2)中的水为水。
10、石英常见的双晶类型有双晶和双晶,斜长石常见的双晶类型为双晶,钾长石常见的双晶类型为双晶。
11、理想的晶面应是一个光滑的平面,但实际晶面上或多或少总是存在着某些具规则形状的花纹,请列举出四种晶面花纹:,,,。
三、简答题(每题6分,共30分)
1、简述晶体的基本性质。
2、简述布拉维法则与周期键链理论。
3、举例说明不同晶体结构类型与矿物形态和物性的关系。
4、简述尖晶石结构与反尖晶石结构的区别。
5、试从晶体化学角度解释Al2SiO5的同质多象现象,并分析它们所代表的温度压力条件?
四、问答及论述题(第1、2题各12分,第3、4、5题各10分,共54分)
1、论述硅酸盐类矿物硅氧骨干的几种主要类型及与矿物形态和解理的关系,并举出相应矿物。
2、叙述下列各组矿物的肉眼鉴定特征及晶体化学式。
A、电气石,绿柱石,磷灰石;
B、石英,方解石,萤石
3、论述各晶系定向选轴原则。
4、判读晶体化学式Al2[Si4O10](OH)2(矿物名称,阴离子团特点,阳离子占位特点,画出示意图)。
5、从矿物组成、化学成分、矿物显微结构这几方面论述矿物学测试技术与方法。