高中十种时态及被动语态

高二暑期课程一高考十种英语时态及被动语态知识梳理十种时态一．一般现在时1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。

时间状语：every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday等。

I leave home for school at 7 every morning.2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。

The earth moves around the sun.3) 表示格言或警句中。

Pride goes before a fall.Columbus proved that the earth is round.4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。

Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.5）一般现在时表将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情，或用在倒装句中。

The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.When Bill comes, ask him to wait for me.I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there.二、一般过去时的用法1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。

时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。

Where did you go just now? I saw Tom in the street yesterday.2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。

When I was a child, I often played football in the street.3）用过去时表示现在，表示语气委婉礼貌。

Did you want to speak to me now?I wondered if you could help me.Could you lend me your bike?4）用在虚拟语气中。

If I were a bird, I would fly to Beijing.特殊句式◎It is time for sb. to do sth “到……时间了；该……了”，It is time sb. did sth. “时间已迟了；早该……了”，例如：It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。

It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。

◎ would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示“宁愿某人做某事”，例如：I'd rather you came tomorrow.三、一般将来时1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。

will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。

Will you be at home at seven this evening?2) be going to +不定式，表示将来计划做某事，或者按照迹象可能发生的事。

What are you going to do tomorrow?Look at the dark clouds; there is going to be a storm.3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。

We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事，不与表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。

He is about to leave for Beijing.四、现在进行时1. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。

例如：We are waiting for you.2. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。

例如：Mr. Green is writing another novel.3. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。

It's getting warmer and warmer.4. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。

You are always changing your mind.注意：不用进行时的动词1) 事实状态的动词。

如：have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue2) 心理状态的动词。

如：know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate3) 瞬间动词。

如：accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse.4) 系动词。

如：seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn五、过去进行时1）概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。

2）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。

3) 常用的时间状语有：this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, whileIt was raining when they left the station.六现在完成时1)构成：助动词have (has) + 动词的过去分词2) 现在完成时的用法：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just，already, before, yet, never, ever 等状语连用。

例如：I have never heard of that before.Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already.3) 现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。

可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括现在在内）的一段时间的状语连用。

如：for和since，以及so far, now, today, this week(month, year) 等。

② She has learnt English for 3 years.③ They have lived here since 1990.注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如come, go, die, marry, buy等的完成时不能与for, since等表示一段时间的短语连用。

4）现在完成时还可以用在时间和条件状语从句中,表示将来某时完成的动作，例如：If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we’ll go to the park.注意：1.have been (to)和have gone (to)的区别：have / has been (to) 表示“曾经去过”某地，说话时此人很可能不在那里，已经回来。

侧重指经历。

have / has gone (to) 表示某人“已经去了”某地，说话时此人不在这里。

He has been to Beijing. 他曾去过北京。

He has gone to Beijing. 他已经去了北京。

2.延续动词与瞬间动词1) 用于完成时的区别：延续动词表示经验、经历；瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。

He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。

(表结果)I've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。

(表经历)2) 用于till / until 从句的差异：延续动词用于肯定句，表示“做……直到……” ；瞬间动词用于否定句，表示“到……，才……”。

He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 点才回来。

He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10点。

七、过去完成时的用法1）概念：表示过去的过去。

----------------|-----------------------|-------------------------|---------> t那时以前那时现在其结构是：had + 过去分词2）过去完成时的用法：1．过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或者某一动作之前完成的动作或状态；句中常用by, before, until, when等词引导的时间状语。

2. 过去完成时的动词还可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或者状态持续到过去某个时间或者持续下去。

3.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。

4.在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。

5. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"6．过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。

By the end of last year we had built five new houses.Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.She said (that) she had never been to Paris.When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.八、过去将来时1）基本概念：过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。