资料：《安全工程专业英语(部分翻译)》
安全工程专业英语汉译英1-8
Unit One安全管理safety management 事故致因accident causation 不安全行为unsafe acts不安全状态unsafe conditions企业安全文化corporate safety culture安全政策safety policyUnit Two系统安全工程system safety engineering 危险辩识hazard identification/identified危险控制hazard control 安全评价safety evaluation危险分析hazard analysis安全准则safety criteria Unit Three安全人机工程safety ergonomics 工作效率work efficiency工作压力job stressors伤害率injury rate人机过程ergonomics process职业伤残work injuryUnit Four工伤保险injury insurance 人因失误human error风险评估risk assessment人机系统ergonomics system工业事故industrial system事故类型accident types Unit Five职业安全健康occupational health and safety职业安全健康管理体系occupational health and safety management system危险源分析hazard analysis 事故分析accident analysis风险管理risk management职业伤害occupational injury Unit Six工业卫生industrial hygiene 物理危害physical hazards 化学危害chemical hazards非电离辐射non-ionizing radiation生物危害biological hazards职业病occupational diseaseUnit Seven安全文化safety culture企业文化corporate culture 高危行业high-risk industry事故率accident rate应急预案emergency plan安全评审safety review Unit Eight安全激励safety motivation 自我激励self-motivation个人需求individual demand 社会需求social needs安全氛围safety atmosphere 生理需求physiological needs。
安全工程专业英语
一、专业词汇翻译mine n. 矿山，矿井。
v. 采矿colliery n. 矿井coal mining 采煤coalfield n. 煤田strike n. 走向dip n. 倾向roadway n. 巷道mining district 采区coalface n. 采煤面working face工作面ventilation n. 通风bolt v. 打锚杆；n. 锚杆immediate roof 直接顶；floor 底板；gas，methane 瓦斯outcrop 露头，露出地面的岩层fault n. 断层occurrence 赋存coalfield 煤田air shaft风井surrounding rock 围岩Mine ventilation 矿山通风internal combustion engine 内燃机dilute冲淡, 变淡, 变弱, 稀释contaminant 污染物noxious 有害的exhaust shaft 出风井colliery 煤矿trap door 通风门moisture content 湿度rank 品级bituminous 烟煤anthracite 无烟煤igneous[地]火成的natural fracture原生裂隙cleat【地质】割理porosity 多孔性sorptive吸附的Permeability渗透性free gas游离状态瓦斯adsorbed gas吸附状态瓦斯voidage孔隙度adsorption isotherm吸附等温线Methane drainage 瓦斯抽放Borehole 钻孔★Accident Causation Models：事故致因模型★System safety：系统安全★Hazard analysis：危害分析★Hazard identification：危险源辨识★Ergonomics process 人机工程过程★Hazard Identification 危险源辨识★safety culture 安全文化★corporate culture 企业文化★Accident Investigation：事故调查★mine fire 矿井火灾二、句型翻译★1、Rasmussen and Jensen have presented a three-level skill-rule-knowledge model for describing the origins of the different types of human errors.Rasmussen和Jensen提出了一种技能—规范—知识的三级模型，用来描述不同类型的人为失误的来源。
资料：《安全工程专业英语》
Unit 1 safety management systemAccident causation models 事故致因理论Safety management 安全管理Physical conditions 物质条件Machine guarding 机械保护装置House-keeping 工作场所管理Top management 高层管理人员Human errors 人因失误Accident-proneness models 事故倾向模型Munitions factory 军工厂Causal factors 起因Risking taking 冒险行为Corporate culture 企业文化Loss prevention 损失预防Process industry 制造工业Hazard control 危险控制Intensive study 广泛研究Organizational performance 企业绩效Mutual trust 相互信任Safety officer 安全官员Safety committee 安全委员会Shop-floor 生产区Unionized company 集团公司Seniority 资历、工龄Local culture 当地文化Absenteeism rate 缺勤率Power relations 权力关系Status review 状态审查Lower-level management 低层管理者Business performance 组织绩效Most senior executive 高级主管Supervisory level 监督层Safety principle 安全规则Wall-board 公告栏Implement plan 执行计划Hazard identification 危险辨识Safety performance 安全性能One comprehensive definition for an organizational culture has been presented by Schein who has said the organizational culture is “a pattern of basic assumptions – invented, discovered, or developed by a given group as it learns to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integration –that has worked well enough to be considered valid and, therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems”译文：Schein给出了组织文化的广泛定义，他认为组织文化是由若干基本假设组成的一种模式，这些假设是由某个特定团体在处理外部适应问题与内部整合问题的过程中发明、发现或完善的。
安全工程专业外语翻译
The major contributors in component technology have been the semi-conductor components．（译为“起主要作用”，不译“主要贡献者”。
）There are three steps which must be taken before we graduate from the integrated circuit technology.（译为“完全掌握”，不译“毕业于”。
）The purpose of a driller is to holes.（译为“钻孔”）A single-point cutting tool is used to cut threads on engine lathes.（译为“车”）The major contributors in component technology have been the semi-conductor components．（译为“起主要作用”，不译“主要贡献者”。
）There are three steps which must be taken before we graduate from the integrated circuit technology.（译为“完全掌握”，不译“毕业于”。
）The iron ore used to make steel comes from open-pit and underground mines.（译为“炼钢”，不译“制造刚”。
）An insulator offers a very high resistance to the passage through which electric current goes.（译为“很大阻力”，不译“高阻力”）Mater can be changed into energy, and energy into mater.物质可以转换为能，能也可以转化为物质。
资料：《安全工程专业英语(部分翻译)》
Unit 1 safety man ageme nt system Accide nt causatio n models 事故致因理论Safety man ageme nt 安全管理Physical conditions 物质条件Machi ne guard机械保护装置ingHouse-keep ing 工作场所管理Top man ageme高层管理人员ntHuma n errors 人因失误Accide nt-pro nen ess models 事故倾向模型Mun iti ons factory 军工厂Causal factors 起因Risk ing tak ing 冒险行为Corporate culture 企业文化Loss preve nti on 损失预防Process industry 制造工业Hazard con trol 危险控制Inten sive study 广泛研究Organi zati onal performa nee 企业绩效Mutual trust 相互信任Safety officer 安全官员Shop-floor 生产区Seni ority资历、工龄Local culture 当地文化Abse nteeism rate 缺勤率Power relatio ns 权力关系Status review 状态审查Lower-level man ageme nt 低层管理者Busin ess performa nee 组织绩效Most senior executive 高级主管Supervisory level 监督层Safety prin eiple 安全规则Wall-board 公告栏Impleme nt pla n 执行计戈UHazard ide ntificati on 危险辨识Safety performa nee 安全性能译文：Schein给出了组织文化的广泛定义，他认为组织文化是由若干基本假设组成的一种模式，这些假设是由某个特定团体在处理外部适应问题与内部整合问题的过程中发明、发现或完善的。
安全工程专业英语翻译
Breath of fresh airWith no aspect of underground mine safety more fundamental than proper ventilation, various modern systems are being used to ensure airflow is safe for workersBY BREE FREEMANWhen it comes to underground mine workings, few things are more important than adequate ventilation. Every year enormous efforts are made to maintain and improve airflow to working areas. This is to dilute emissions below statutory limits, render the air harmless, carry away hazardous contaminants and provide necessary levels of oxygen for the miners. As a result, ventilation systems form a crucial pan of the design of any mine, the layout of which is determined by the orebody geology, legislation, available manpower, mining methods and the equipment used.Specific environmental issues such as virgin rock temperatures, spontaneous combustion and dust control further complicate theoretical ventilation systems. Moreover, whatever system is eventually planned will inevitably suffer from imperfect implementation and control because of the day-to-day complexities of the extraction operation.“V entilation in the modem mine is an essential prerequisite, perhaps even more so than in the past.Apart from the obvious biological aspect of preventing depletion of oxygen and the build-up of carbon dioxide in the air, the mine-ventilation system must be able to keep quantities of contaminants below harmful levels,”says Mike Beare, principal mining engineer for consultancy SRK.He explains: “A modern mine has many sources of harmful substances, including fumes from explosives, dust from broken rock and gases present in the rocks themselves. in addition to these, the modem approach to mining (including the use of diesel-engine trucks and loaders) results in large quantities of CO, nitrous fumes and diesel-particulate matter entering the mine airflow. While scrubbers are fitted, they do not remove all the contaminants and the ventilation system has to be designed to be able to dilute these to safe levels.”These issues demonstrate the need for expert design, observes SRK, which also signals the need for ventilation costs to be minimised in the same way as any other cost aspect As a result, various production scenarios need to be addressed at the outset.Central to all of these calculations is the simple fact that airflow is determined by temperature and pressure differences, air flows from high-pressure to low-pressure areas . In a mine, It is caused by pressure differences between the intake and exhaust openings. Airflow follows a square-law relationship between volume and pressure - in order to double the volume of air, four times the pressure must be exerted.CREATING THE PRESSUREThere are two main types of fan:●Axial: these are generally high-volume, low-pressure fans, either directlydriven by the motor shaft (with the motor inside the tube body) or remotely driven using belts (with the motor outside the tube body). These are generally adjustable for volume by setting the pitch of the adjustable blades on the rotor and, in some cases, motor speed can be tailored to adjust volume and pressure.●Centrifugal: these are generally high-pressure, low-volume fans that consist ofa multi-bladed, squirrel-cage wheel in which the leading edge of the fanblades curves toward the direction of rotation. These fans have low space requirements, low tip speeds and are relatively quiet.AUXILIARY VENTILATIONThe ventilation of dead-end workplaces is the most frequent and Important application of auxiliary ventilation. It is used for both development and exploration work, as well as for production headings with only one entrance. A major inconvenience with any method of auxiliary ventilation during development is the necessity of frequent extension. The auxiliary airstream must be delivered as dose to the face as possible so that it can sweep away any impurities that have been generated.The two main methods of ventilating the faces of dead-end workplaces are erecting line-brattice (air entering on one side of the brattice and returning In the other side) and the installation of a fan, coupled with ventilation tubing.The practice of redirecting the main ventilation system with smaller, local fans is used where a line brattice is not adequate. Tubing, often suspended from timbers or roof bolts (if approved), carries the air to, or away from, the working face (tubing is rigid for exhaust systems and collapsible for forcing systems). This auxiliary ventilation system allows continuous miners to operate without being obstructed by brattice constructions.In addition, booster fans can be located in long airways to boost the airflow volume. These fans can be free-standing and used without using bulkheads.CIRCULATION CONTROLSMine-ventilation systems present a unique challenge in that the workfaces are normally moving away from the source of fresh air.This requires continuous changes to the ventilation system. These controls are needed to distribute the air underground, so that each working section Is ventilated with an adequate supply of fresh air.The various devices work collectively to direct the movement of the air through the main Intakes to the working section and move out through the returns without short-circuiting, which occurs when air from the intake goes directly into the return.ELIMINATING DIESEL EMISSIONSAs Mr Bear commented above, reducing harmful diesel emissions is another vital aspect of improving underground working conditions. But, while diesel-engine manufacturers and machine OEMs should be acknowledged for their combined achievements. In reducing pollutants, there would always be a percentage of emissions that must be strictly monitored, diluted and vented to the surface. What isneeded is an alternative to diesel, and some people believe fuel cells could be the key.A 2003 study by the University of Nevada used data obtained from a survey sent to 173 US metal and non-metal underground mines. From a 61% return, the survey included 4,786 diesel units (totalling 478,200kW), collectively consuming about 68MI/y of diesel fuel.As of January 20, the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) enacted a regulation limiting total DPM (diesel particulate matter) emissions from diesel engines to an Interim 450Ngm of total carbon/cm' of ambient air, and suggested it would be reduced further to 160pgm in January 2008.Extensive use of diesel-powered mobile equipment has resulted in the development of mining methods such as drift and fill stoping, which, in most circumstances, require …dead-end‟auxiliary ventilation rather than 'through-flow' ventilation. Since it can be harder and more expensive to ventilate these stopes, and meet the DPM regulations, most mines will have to modify their operating practices.Mines can exploit increased ventilation to help meet the DPM criteria, but this involves considerable costs since fan power Is proportional to cubic-air quantity, and purchasing and installing fans is very expensive.So, perhaps the use of total emission-free machines in our coal mines Is closer than we think.在矿业安全的方面没有比合适的通风更重要，为了矿工的安全各种各样的先进系统被用于保证风流的通畅。
安全工程专业英语Unit1-9翻译
安全工程专业英语Unit11. Because of the very rapid changes in these jobs and professions, it is hard for students to learn about future job opportunities. It is even more difficult to know about the type of preparation that is needed for a particular profession-or the qualities and traits that might help individuals succeed in it.由于这些工作和职业的飞速变更，其变化之快使得学生们很难了解未来有什么样的工作机会，更不知道为未来的具体职业生涯做出怎样的准备，也就是说学生们很难知道掌握何种知识、具备何种能力才能成功适应未来的社会。
2. The purpose of this article is to provide in depth information about the safety profession that should help students considering a career in this challenging and rewarding field.这篇文章将提供较为深入的安全专业方面的具体信息，它应该能够为安全专业的学生们在这个充满挑战也蕴含着发展机遇的职业中获得良好的发展而提供帮助。
3. While these efforts became more sophisticated and widespread during the twentieth century, real progress on a wide front did not occur in the U.S. until after Word War Ⅱ.尽管这些专业手段在20世纪已经发展的较为成熟，也具有一定的广泛适应性，但在美国，这些都是第二次世界大战以后才取得的突破性进展。
安全工程专业英语
Advanced Monitoring and Surveillance Systems
Utilizes cutting-edge technologies such as AI, IoT, and remote sensing to provide real-time monitoring and early warning of potential safety hazards.
English • English communication and exchange in
safety engineering
01
Overview of Safety Engineering
Definition of Safety Engineering
Safety Engineering is a branch of engineering that focuses on the design and management of safe systems and processes within various industries. It involves the identification, assessment, and control of risks associated with the operation of machines, equipment, and processes.
安全工程专业英语pdf
安全工程专业英语pdfSecurity Engineering Professional English PDFEngineering is a field that is constantly evolving, and the field of security engineering is no exception. Security engineering is a specialized area of engineering that focuses on the design, development, and implementation of systems and processes that ensure the protection of people, assets, and information. As the world becomes more interconnected and technology-driven, the importance of security engineering has become increasingly critical.One of the key aspects of security engineering is the ability to effectively communicate and collaborate with various stakeholders, including engineers, project managers, and clients. To this end, proficiency in English is essential for security engineers, as it is the predominant language of international communication in the field. Security engineers must be able to read, write, and comprehend technical documents, reports, and specifications, all of which are often written in English.Moreover, the field of security engineering is highly regulated, with various standards and guidelines that must be adhered to. Thesestandards are often published in English, and security engineers must be able to interpret and apply them accurately. Failure to do so can lead to serious consequences, such as compromised security systems or legal liabilities.In addition to technical proficiency, security engineers must also be able to effectively communicate with non-technical stakeholders, such as managers and clients. This requires the ability to translate complex technical concepts into plain English, ensuring that everyone involved in a project understands the importance and implications of the security measures being implemented.To enhance their English language skills, security engineers can engage in various professional development activities, such as attending conferences, participating in industry-specific training programs, or even pursuing higher education opportunities that focus on security engineering and English language proficiency.One such resource that can be particularly valuable for security engineers is the Security Engineering Professional English PDF. This comprehensive guide provides in-depth coverage of the key concepts and terminology used in the field of security engineering, all presented in clear and concise English. The PDF includes sections on risk assessment, access control, cryptography, and incident response, among other essential topics, ensuring that securityengineers have a robust understanding of the language and concepts necessary for success in their field.By mastering the English language and leveraging resources like the Security Engineering Professional English PDF, security engineers can enhance their professional capabilities, improve their communication skills, and ultimately contribute to the development of more secure and resilient systems that protect individuals, organizations, and society as a whole.。
安全工程专业英语部分翻译
Unit 1 safety management systemAccident causation models 事故致因理论Safety management 安全管理Physical conditions 物质条件Machine guarding 机械保护装置House-keeping 工作场所管理Top management 高层管理人员Human errors 人因失误Accident-proneness models 事故倾向模型Munitions factory 军工厂Causal factors 起因Risking taking 冒险行为Corporate culture 企业文化Loss prevention 损失预防Process industry 制造工业Hazard control 危险控制Intensive study 广泛研究Organizational performance 企业绩效Mutual trust 相互信任Safety officer 安全官员Safety committee 安全委员会Shop-floor 生产区Unionized company 集团公司Seniority 资历、工龄Local culture 当地文化Absenteeism rate 缺勤率Power relations 权力关系Status review 状态审查Lower-level management 低层管理者Business performance 组织绩效Most senior executive 高级主管Supervisory level 监督层Safety principle 安全规则Wall-board 公告栏Implement plan 执行计划Hazard identification 危险辨识Safety performance 安全性能One comprehensive definition for an organizational culture has been presented by Schein who has said the organizational culture is “a pattern of basic assumptions –invented, discovered, or developed by a given group as it learns to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integration –that has worked well enough to be considered valid and, therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems”译文：Schein给出了组织文化(de)广泛定义,他认为组织文化是由若干基本假设组成(de)一种模式,这些假设是由某个特定团体在处理外部适应问题与内部整合问题(de)过程中发明、发现或完善(de).由于以这种模式工作(de)有效性得到了认可,因此将它作为一种正确(de)方法传授给新成员,让他们以此来认识、思考和解决问题[指适应外部与整合内部(de)过程中(de)问题].The safety culture of an organization is the product of individual and group values, attitudes, perceptions, competencies, andpatterns of behavior that determine the commitment to, and the style and proficiency of , an organization’s health and safety management.译文：组织(de)安全文化由以下几项内容组成：个人和群体(de)价值观、态度、观念、能力和行为方式.这种行为方式决定了个人或团体对组织健康安全管理(de)责任,以及组织健康安全管理(de)形式和熟练程度.Unit 2 System Safety EngineeringSystem safety engineering 系统安全工程By-product 附带产生(de)结果Engineering practice 工程实践Safety problem 安全问题Accelerating technology 快速发展(de)技术Safety effort 安全投入System’s life cycle 系统(de)生命周期System effectiveness 系统有效性Logical reasoning 逻辑推理Potential accident 潜在事故Accident cause 事故原因Logical programming 合理(de)规划System hazard 系统危害Safety input 安全投入Inherently safe system 本质安全系统Schedule delays 进度拖延Concept phase 初步计划阶段Safety criteria 安全标准Government regulations 政府管制System operation 系统运行System analysis 系统分析System design 系统设计Aid in 有助于Equipment specifications 设备说明Maintenance plans 维护计划Safety problems 安全问题Development phase 发展阶段Operation phase 运行阶段Performance reviews 绩效评估Disposal phase 处理阶段Intuitive process 直觉过程Make decisions 做决定Hazard control 危险控制Protective apparel 防护服Engineering solutions 工程方法/手段Protective devices 保护装置Warning devices 报警装置Incorrect interpretation 误解Hazardous material 危险物质Work area layout 工业区布局Educational solutions 教育方法/手段Training sessions 培训会议Safety promotion programs 安全促进项目Administrative solutions 行政方法/手段Personnel selection 人员选择Safety shoes 安全鞋Safety belt 安全带Safety glasses 防护眼镜Accident prevention 事故预防Technical system 技术系统Responsible official 负责人Hazard analysis is not an intuitive process. For an analysis to be meaningful, it must be logical, accurate, descriptive of the system, and based on valid assumptions. Its success largely depends on the skill and knowledge of those conducting the analysis. Anyone whohas a thorough, working knowledge of both the system under consideration and the analysis technique to be used may perform a hazard analysis. In practice, the efforts of several persons with varying backgrounds are usually required to assure that meaningful and comprehensive hazard information is obtained.译文：危险分析过程不是凭直觉就能完成(de).对于一个有意义(de)分析,必须在有效(de)假设基础上对系统进行合理(de)、准确(de)描述.它(de)成功主要取决于进行分析(de)人所具有(de)技能与知识.只要对被研究(de)系统和用于分析(de)技术有全面(de)了解,任何人都可以进行危险分析.在实践过程中,要想获得全面而有价值(de)危险信息,必须要一些具有不同知识背景(de)人共同努力才行.System safety engineering is a relatively new approach to accident prevention. Its concepts and techniques have evolved from efforts to improve the safety of the complex technical systems that are common in today’s society. It is based on the ideas that accidents result from a number of interacting causes within a system, and that each cause and interaction can be logically identified, evaluated, and controlled. Through the logical application of scientific and management principles over the life cycle of a system, system safety engineering attempts to achieve an optimum degree of safety.译文：安全系统工程是一个相对较新(de)预防事故(de)方法.它(de)概念和相关技术是在人们提高当今普遍存在(de)复杂技术系统安全性(de)各种努力过程中逐渐发展而来(de).它基于这样一个思想,即所有(de)事故都是系统内大量相互作用(de)原因造成(de),理论上,各种原因及相互作用都能被识别、评估,并得到控制.通过在系统(de)生命周期内合理(de)应用科学(de)管理原则,系统安全工程就有望获得最佳(de)安全程度.The efforts necessary to achieve the desired degree of safety are usually organized into formal programs. The objective of such programs is to assure that system hazards are eliminated or otherwise controlled as early in the life cycle as possible. Most of the detail work involved in a system safety program is in the performance of hazard analyses. With the information provided by analysis, responsible officials can determine the safest, most efficient means of controlling the hazards identified.译文：要想获得所期望(de)安全程度,所有必须做(de)工作都应编制成正式(de)计划.这些计划(de)目标就是确保系统里(de)危险被消除,或者使危险在系统生命周期内尽早(de)得到控制.系统安全计划中(de)大量具体工作在危险分析(de)过程中得以执行.通过分析提供(de)信息,负责人就能选择最安全、最有效(de)方式来控制被识别出来(de)危险.Unit 3 The ergonomics Processergonomics process 人机工程过程MSDs （are injuries and illnesses of the safe tissue and nervous system that affect your body’s: Muscles, Nerves, Tendons(经脉), Ligaments(韧带 ), Joints）由肌肉组织或神经系统引起(de)伤害或疾病Upper echelons 上层、高层hourly employee 钟点工Job sites 工地Ergonomics committee 人机工程委员会Medical management 医疗管理Musculoskeletal stressors 肌肉骨骼紧张性刺激Ergonomics input 人机工程投入Management commitment 管理承诺/行为Manufacturing engineers 制造业工程师Plant manager 工厂经理Process engineer 生产工程师Human resource manager 人力资源经理Safety manager 安全经理Sub-committee 分委员会Overseeing body 监督主体low back disorder 腰部疾病Active and passive surveillance 主动和被动监督Job stressors 工作压力源Follow-up 后续工作Ergonomics awareness 人机工程意识Follows through 实现,把…进行到底Chain of command 指挥链Hit list 黑名单You must assess the outcome of the hazard identification process and determine if immediate action is necessary or if, in fact, there is an actual hazard involved. When you do not view a reported hazard as an actual hazard, it is critical to the ongoing process to inform the worker that you do not view it as a true hazard and explain why. This will insure the continued cooperation of workers in hazardidentification.你必须对危险辨识过程中得到(de)结果进行评估,并决定在实际危险存在时是否需要立刻采取措施.当你不把一个已被报告(de)危险当做一个实际存在(de)危险时,你必须在工作过程中告诉工人你没把这个被报告(de)危险当做一个真正(de)危险,并解释原因.这将确保工人们在危险识别过程中进行持续合作.Unit 4 Hazard identificationHazard identification 危险识别Outcome 后果Ongoing process 正在进行(de)过程Place on 重视Exposure limit 暴露极限Ventilation system 通风系统Budgetary constraint 预算约束Jobsite safety inspection 工作场所安全检查Accident investigation 事故调查Labor management committee 劳动管理委员会Accident incidence 事故发生率Severity rate 严重事故率Industrial accident 工业事故Work procedure 工作/操作程序Walk-round inspection 巡视Overexertion 用力过度Carpal tunnel syndrome 腕管综合症Extreme temperature 极限温度Worker-oriented 以人为本(de) Mitigate 减轻/缓和Abatement 降低/消除This approach to hazard identification does not require that someonewith special training conduct it. It can usually be accomplished by the use of a short fill-in-the-blank questionnaire. This hazard identification technique works well where management is open and genuinely concerned about the safety and health of its workforce. The most time-consuming portion of this process is analyzing the assessment and response regarding potential hazards identified. Empowering workers to identify hazards, make recommendations on abatement of the hazards, and then suggest how management can respond to these potential hazards is essential.这种危险辨识(de)方法不需要经过特需训练(de)人来执行.通常经过一个简短(de)问卷调查就能完成.在一些管理比较开放、真心关心工人安全和健康(de)地方,这种危险辨识方法能起到很好(de)作用.这个过程中最耗时(de)部分就是对识别(de)潜在(de)危险进行分析评估和反馈.赋予工人识别危险、对减小危险提出建议并提出如何对这些潜在(de)危险进行管理(de)权利是必须(de).Unit 5 What is an OHSMSOHSMS 职业健康安全管理体系Legacy 遗产,留给后人(de)东西In practice 在实践中Allow for 考虑到Regulatory system 监管体系Review phase 审查阶段Specific objective 特殊目标Corrective action 纠正措施Be central to 极为重要Systematic approach 系统方法Systemic linkage 体系联动Inter-linked 相互链接Feedback loop 反馈环Specific program element 详细计划Mandatory 强制(de)Arise from 由...引起Strategic objective 战略目标Commercial pressure 商业压力Principal contractor 总承包商Hybrid method 混合方法Market-based 基于市场(de) Formalised prescription 正式(de)法规/规定Mandated principle 明文规定(de)原则Stem from 起源于,来自于Regulatory framework 规章制度European Union Framework Directive 欧盟框架指令All-encompassing approach 包罗万象(de)方法Sparingly 少量(de)Home grown 国产(de)/自己制定Chamber of Commerce and Industry 工商会/工商联Framing 编制/制定Emergency planning 应急计划Planning and accountability 计划与职责Managerialist and participative models 经理主导模式和参与模式bureaucratic model 官僚模式Top down 由上而下Trace to 追溯到Empirical test 经验实验Mutually exclusive 相互排斥(de)Quality levels 质量标准Expand upon 详述/进一步阐述Level of achievement 成就水平Performance level 执行标准Graduating up 逐渐变化At the behest of 在...命令/要求下Set out 阐述、陈列Conversely, an alternative participative model of “management systems” can be traced to socio-technical systems theory, which emphasises organisational interventions based on analysis of the inter-relationships of technology, environment, the orientation of participants, and organisational structure.相反,一个可选择来使用(de)“管理系统”模型可以追溯到社会-技术系统理论,该理论强调组织干预,这种组织干预是建立在对技术、环境、参与者(de)定位及组织结构之间(de)相互关系进行分析(de)基础上(de).So far, we have shown that OHSMS can vary upon a number of dimensions relating to method of implementation, system characteristics, and degree of implementation. Such variance is important because it affects evaluation and measurement of OHSMS performance. Measures appropriate for one dimension of a system will be irrelevant to another. Evaluation of OHSMS effectiveness may need to take account of what systems are expected to do. Are they to meet complex system or simple design standards Are they implemented at the behest of management or external OHS authorities Are objectives the simple ones such as reducing direct lost-time injuries or do they include satisfying multiple stakeholders Are they at an early or established stage of development; and which of several different configurationsof control strategy and management structure/style is adopted 到目前为止,我们已经表明OHSMS能呈现多样性(de)特征,这些特征与执行方法、系统特征和执行程度相关.这种多样性(de)变化非常重要,因为它对OHSMS性能(de)评价和测量有影响.对一个体系(de)某种特征适合(de)方法可能对另一个特征不合适.OHSMS有效性(de)评价需要考虑到底期望这个体系来干什么它们满足复杂(de)体系呢还是只是一个简单(de)设计标准它们是不是在管理者或者外界OHS权威人士(de)要求下被执行(de)它们(de)目标是这种简单(de)（比如减少直接(de)时间损失伤害）还是使多数风险金管理机构满意它们是在处于形成(de)早期还是在建立时期采取哪一种不同控制策略(de)形态和管理结构/形式Unit 6 Industrial HygieneIndustrial hygiene 工业卫生Physical hazards 物理危害、物质危害Nonionizing radiation 非电离辐射Adverse effects 副作用、坏(de)影响Loud noise 嘈杂(de)声音Chemical bum 化学烧伤Live electrical circuits 带电电路Confined space 密闭空间Hearing loss 听力丧失Physical or mental disturbance 身体或精神障碍Annoyance 烦恼Grinder 砂轮机Power tools 电动工具Narrow band noise 窄带噪声Impulse 脉冲Sound level meter 噪声计Threshold of pain 痛觉阈Jet engine 喷气式发动机Time-weighted average 时间加权平均Snap 捻手指(de)声音Heat stress 热威胁、热应力Extremity 四肢Shivering 颤抖Hard labor 辛苦工作Fatigued 疲乏(de)Living tissue 活组织Plastic sealer 塑料密封机Biological Hazards 生物危害Mold 霉菌Potable water 饮用水Sewage 污水Physical contact 身体接触Allergic reaction 过敏反应Insect scale 介壳虫Severe pain 剧烈(de)疼痛Manual handling 手工处理Disk injuries 椎间盘伤害Airborne 空中(de)On a daily basis 每天Hazard Communications Standard 危害通识规定Stipulation 规定、条款Trade name 商标名Hydrogen cyanide 氰化氢Chemical asphyxiant 化学窒息物质Central nervous system 中枢神经系统Industrial hygiene has been defined as “that science or art devoted to the anticipation, recognition, evaluation, and control of those environmental factors or stresses, arising in or from the workplace, which may cause sickness, impaired health and well-being, or significant discomfort and inefficiency among workers or among the citizens of the commun ity”.工业卫生被定义为：“致力于预测、识别、评估和控制环境因素或压力(de)科学与技术,这些压力产生或来自于工作场所,能够造成疾病、损害人们(de)幸福安康、或使工人或社区居民(de)工作效率不高,并使他们感觉到很不舒服”.Noise is a serious hazard when it results in temporary or permanent hearing loss, physical or mental disturbance, any interference with voice communications, or the disruption of a job, rest, relaxation, or sleep. Noise is any undesired sound and is usually a sound that bears no information with varying intensity. It interferes with the perception of wanted sound, and is likely to be harmful, cause annoyance, and/or interfere with speech.当噪音导致暂时或永久(de)听力丧失,使身体或精神发生紊乱,对语言交流产生干扰,或对工作、休息、放松、睡觉产生干扰时,它是一种非常严重(de)危害.噪音是任何不被期望(de)声音,它通常是一种强度变化但不包括任何信息(de)声音.它干扰人们对正常声音(de)辨别,可能是有害(de),能使人烦恼,并（或）干扰人们说话.Unit 9 Accident InvestigationAccident Investigation 事故调查After-the-fact 事实背后(de) Take an investigation 进行调查Fact-finding process 寻找事实(de)过程Insurance carrier 保险公司/承保人Place blame 推卸责任Permanent total disability 永久全部劳动力丧失For simplicity 为简单起见Accident prevention 事故预防Investigative procedures 调查过程Fact finding 寻找事实Operating procedures flow diagrams 操作过程流程图Maintenance chart 维修图表Bound notebook 活页笔记本Physical or chemical law 物理或化学定律Table of contents 目录Narrative 叙事(de)Counter-measure 干预措施Investigator collects evidence from many sources during an investigation, gets information from witnesses and observation as well as by reports, interviews witnesses as soon as possible after an accident, inspects the accident site before any changes occur, takes photographs and makes sketches of accident scene, records all pertinent data on maps, and gets copies of all reports. Documents containing normal operating procedures flow diagrams, maintenance charts or reports of difficulties or abnormalities are particularly useful. Keep complete and accurate notes in a bound notebook. Record pre-accident conditions, the accident sequence and post-accident conditions. In addition, document the location of victims, witnesses, machinery, energy sources, and hazardous materials.调查人员在调查过程中从各方面收集证据,从证人、旁观者及一些相关报道中得到信息,在事故发生后尽快(de)找目击证人谈话,在事故现场遭到改变前进行检查,对事故场景进行拍照并绘制草图,记录与地形相关(de)所有数据,并将所有(de)报道复印保存.记录常规(de)操作流程图、维修图表或对困难、异常现象(de)报告等非常有用.在活页笔记本中完整准确(de)记录.记录事故发生前(de)环境、事故顺序及事故发生后(de)环境情况等.另外,记录伤者、证人、机械、能量来源和危害物质(de)位置.Unit 10 Safety ElectricitySafety electricity 安全用电Electrical equipment 电力设备Fuse puller 保险丝夹Break contact 断开接点/触电Hot side 高压端Load side 负荷端Line side 线路/火线端Groundfault circuit interrupt 漏电保护器Ground fault 接地故障Receptacle 电源插座Hot bubs 热水澡桶Underwater lighting 水底照明Fountains 人工喷泉Ungrounded (hot)conductor 未接地(高压)导体/火线Neutral conductor 中性导体Fault current 故障电流Load center 载荷中心Panelboard 配电板Branch-circuit 分支电路CB 一种多功能插座Plug-in 插入式Electrical shock 电击/电击事故Take chance 冒险Labored 困难(de)Ventricular fibrillation 心室颤动Twitching 颤搐Ventricle 心室Artificial respiration 人工呼吸Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation 心肺复苏术Cardiac arrest 心跳停止Heart stoppage 心脏骤停Lockout 上锁Tagout 挂牌Bypassing 回避/绕过Jammed 卡住(de)/堵塞(de) Ball valves 球形阀ANSI 美国国家标准协会Color coded 色标/彩色编码Keyed 键控制(de)Rust-resistant 防锈(de) Shackle 镣铐/钩链Kit 成套设备/装备Lockout/tagout kits are also available. A lockout/tagout kit contains items required to comply with the OSHA lockout/tagout standards. Lockout/tagout kits contain reusable danger tags, tag ties, multiple lockouts, locks, magnetic signs, and information on lockout/tagout procedures. Be sure the source of electricity remains open or disconnected when returning to work whenever leaving a job for any reason or whenever the job cannot be completed the same day.上锁/挂牌成套设备也是可用(de).上锁/挂牌套件中包含有必须满足OSHA 上锁/挂牌标准(de)组件.上锁/挂牌套件中包含有可重复使用(de)危险标签、临时悬挂标志、各种闭锁、锁、磁性标志、及与上锁/挂牌相关(de)信息.无论什么原因停下工作或当天不能完成工作时,在返回工作(de)时候都要确保电源保持断开或非连接状态.Unit 11 Machinery equipment safetyMachinery Equipment Safety 机械设备安全Presses 冲床Lifting plant 起吊设备Scald 烫伤Fragmentation 破碎/爆炸Temporary staff 临时人员Dumper truck 翻斗车Power presses 压力机Lift truck 升降式装卸车Elevating work platform 升降台CE marked CE认证标志Subcontractor 中间商/转包商Interlocked guard 联锁保护装置Jig 模具Push stick 推杆Competent person 能胜任安全工作(de)人Working order 正常运转状态Brake function 制动功能Enter a contract 签订合同Power pressure 冲床Gearbox 变速箱Chock 用垫木垫阻Hot work 高温作业Cutting/welding torch 切割火炬/气焊喷灯Retract 缩回/缩进Gang or radial drills 排式钻机/摇臂钻床Lathes 车床Turret 转台Flying chips 飞屑Coolant 冷却剂Chuck wrench 卡盘扳手Milling machine 磨削机Toll cutter 刀具Grinding machine 研磨机Peripheral 外围(de)Unit 12 Accident analysis in constructionConstruction work 建筑工程Ill-health 不健康Set out 陈述/阐明Roof work 屋顶工作Erection 安装/架设Safety hazard 安全隐患Monetary incentive 金钱鼓励Regulatory agency 管理机构Guard rail 防护围栏Working platform 工作平台Rooflight sheet 采光屋面板Close-boarded 鱼鳞板Rough terrain 不平地形Undulating ground 起伏地roofer 盖屋顶(de)人Asbestos cement 石棉水泥Excavation 挖掘Groundwork 基础工作Spoil heap 废物堆Fenced off 用栏栅隔开Natural ventilation 自然通风Dense concrete 密实混凝土Many construction workers are killed or seriously injured during lifting operations because of accidents such as: cranes overturning, material falling from hoists and gin wheels collapsing. Many more suffer long-term injury because they regularly lift or carry items which are heavy or awkward to handle, foe example: lifting dense concrete blocks, paviours laying slabs and labourers lifting and carrying bagged products, such as cement and aggregates.很多建筑工人在起重操作过程中由于一些事（故如起重机翻倒、物体从吊重机上坠落、三脚起重机(de)轮子垮塌等）而丧命或严重受伤.更多(de)工人会因为经常举起或搬运一些笨重(de)物体（如：搬运密实混泥土砖、铺设工人铺建混泥土路面、工人举起或搬运一些袋装东西如水泥、块状物等）(de)时候而遭受长期(de)伤痛.Unit 14 Hazardous chemical and its identificationHazardous chemical 危险化学品Physical hazard 物质危害Respiratory tract 呼吸道Digestive tract 消化道Needle stick 针刺Sensitizer 致癌物质Hepatotoxins 肝脏毒素Nephrotoxins 肾毒素Neurotoxins 神经毒素Mucous membrane 粘膜Safety hazard 安全隐患Domino effect 多米诺效应Major hazard 重大危险Tighter control 加紧控制Storage and terminal 港口转运油库码头Unit 15 Fire and ExplosionsFirefighter 消防队员Fire ground 火场Fire protection 消防Searing heat 灼热Physical explosion 物理爆炸Chemical explosion 化学爆炸Propane cylinder 丙烷钢瓶Natural gas explosion 天然气爆炸Gas main 煤气总管Oil burner 燃油炉Gas tank 气罐Structure fire 建筑火灾Rule out 排除……(de)可能性Shock wave 冲击波Peak pressure 峰值压力Cinderblock wall 渣煤空心砖Ground zero 爆心投影点Ground shock wave 地表振动波Gas meter 煤气表Control handle 控制柄Rubble 瓦砾堆Paint store 油漆店Hardware store 五金店Fire suppression system 灭火系统Truss construction 桁架结构Manhole cover 沙井盖Popping off 突然离去Bumper 缓冲器Squad 抢险队Mitigation tactics 损失减轻策略Admittedly 一般公认地/无可否认地Half measure 权宜。
《安全工程专业外语》考试复习资料 重点段落或者句子翻译
UNIT 11 Accident causation models事故致因理论The most important aim of safety management is to maintain and promote workers’health and safety at work. Understanding why and how accidents and other unwanted events develop is important when preventive activities are planned. Accident theories aim to clarify the accident phenomena, and to explain the mechanisms that lead to accidents. All modern theories are based on accident causation models which try to explain the sequence of events that finally produce the loss.安全管理的最重要的目的是维护和促进作业人员的工作健康和安全。
在制定预防措施时，了解事故和其他有害事件的原因，以及它们如何发展是非常重要的。
事故理论的目的是刻画事故的现象，并解释导致事故发生的机制。
所有现代的理论都是基于事故的因果关系模型，改模型试图解释最终产生损失的事件序列。
In ancient times, accidents were seen as an act of God and very little could be done to prevent them. In the beginning of the 20th century, it was believed that the poor physical conditions are the root causes of accidents.在古代，事故被看作是上帝的行为，人们很少可以去防止它们。
安全工程专业英语
PART 1 SAFETY ENGINEERING THEORIES第一部份安全工程理论1. Why do we need safety engineering?为什么我们需要安全工程专业？It’s difficult to open a newspaper or turn on the television and not be reminded how dangerous our world is. Both large-scale natural and man-made disasters seem to occur on an almost daily basis. An accident at a plant in Bhopal, India, killed over 2,500 people. A nuclear power plant in the Ukraine exploded and burned out of control, sending a radioactive cloud to over 20 countries, severely affecting its i mmediate neighbors’ livestock and farming.无论翻开报纸或打开电视都很难不被提醒到：世界是多么危险。
大范围的自然和人为灾难的发生似乎已成为每日的组成部分。
在印度Bhopal一工厂发生的事故，造成超过2500人的死亡。
乌克兰一核能工厂发生爆炸，燃烧无法控制，放射云蔓延超过20个国家，严重地影响了邻国的畜牧业。
A total of 6.7 million injuries and illnesses in the United States were reported by private industry in 1993. Two commuter trains in metropolitan Washington, DC, collided in 1996, killing numerous passengers. Large oil tankers ran aground in Alaska and Mexico, spilling millions of gallons of oil and despoiling the coastline. An automobile air-bag manufacturing plant exploded, killing one worker, after it had had over 21 fire emergencies in one year. Swarms of helicopters with television cameras were drawn to the plant after every call, creating a public relations nightmare and forcing the government to shut down the plant temporarily.1993年，在美国，据报道共有670万例受伤和疾病发生在私营行业。
安全工程专业外语翻译
Unit 1Safety Management Systems安全管理体系1.Accident Causation Models1.事故致因理论The most important aim of safety management is to maintain and promote workers' health and safety at work. Understanding why and how accidents and other unwanted events develop is important when preventive activities are planned. Accident theories aim to clarify the accident phenomena，and to explain the mechanisms that lead to accidents. All modem theories are based on accident causation models which try to explain the sequence of events that finally produce the loss. In ancient times, accidents were seen as an act of God and very little could be done to prevent them. In the beginning of the 20th century，it was believed that the poor physical conditions are the root causes of accidents. Safety practitioners concentrated on improving machine guarding, housekeeping and inspections. In most cases an accident is the result of two things ：The human act, and the condition of the physical or social environment.安全管理系统最重要的目的是维护和促进工人们在工作时的健康和安全。
介绍安全工程专业的英语作文
介绍安全工程专业的英语作文As the world becomes increasingly digitalized, the demand for professionals in the field of security engineering is on the rise. 安全工程专业是一个涉及到计算机科学、网络安全和信息技术等多个领域的综合性学科，它旨在培养学生具备在互联网时代面临各种安全威胁和挑战时，能够设计、开发和维护安全系统的能力。
One of the primary focuses of security engineering is on developing strategies to protect sensitive information from unauthorized access or cyber-attacks. 安全工程专业的主要焦点之一是开发保护敏感信息免受未经授权访问或网络攻击的策略。
这需要学生掌握网络安全原理、密码学、防火墙技术等多种技能，以应对日益复杂的网络威胁。
In addition to technical skills, security engineering also emphasizes the importance of ethical considerations and legal compliance. 与技术技能相辅相成的是，安全工程也强调道德考虑和合法合规的重要性。
在处理安全问题时，学生需要考虑到不同利益相关者的权益，同时遵循法律法规，这对于培养学生的责任感和社会责任意识非常关键。
Furthermore, the curriculum for security engineering often includes hands-on experience and real-world case studies to provide students with practical skills and knowledge. 此外，安全工程专业的课程通常包括实践经验和真实案例研究，以提供学生实际技能和知识。
安全工程专业英语词汇及翻译(司鹄版)
安全工程专业英语词汇及翻译(司鹄版)Unit6Industry hygiene工业卫生physical hazard物理危害、物质危害nonionizing radiation非电离辐射adverse effects副作用loud noise嘈杂的声音chemical bum化学烧伤live electrical circuits 带电电路confined space密闭空间hearing loss听力丧失physical or mental disturbance身体或精神障碍annoyance烦恼power tools电动工具impulse脉冲sound level meter噪声计jet engine 喷气式发动机time-weighted average时间加权平均heat stress 热应力、热威胁shivering 颤抖hard labor辛苦工作fatigued疲劳的living tissue活组织plastic sealer塑料密封机biological hazard 生物危害potable water饮用水sewage污水physical contact身体接触allergic reaction 过敏反应severe pain剧烈疼痛manual handing手工处理airborne空中的on a daily basis每天hazard communication standard危害通识规定stipulation规定、条款trade name商标名工业卫生被定义为：“致力于预测、识别、评估和控制环境因素或压力的科学与技术，这些压力产生或来自与工作场所，能够造成疾病、损害人们的幸福安康、或是工程或社区居民的工作效率不高，并使他们感觉到很不舒服。
（P67）当噪音导致暂时或永久的听力丧失，使身体或精神发生紊乱，对语言交流产生干扰，或对工作、休息、放松、睡觉产生干扰时，它是一种非常严重的危害。
安全工程专业英语
安全工程专业英语词组Safety Management System安全管理系统Accident-proneness Model事故倾向模型Accident Causation Model事故致因模型Organizational/Safety Culture组织/安全文化Quality and environmental management system质量和环境管理系统System Safety Engineering系统安全工程System Safety Program系统安全规划Hazard Analysis危险源分析Hazard Control危险源控制Hazard Identification危险源辨识Hazard Evaluation危险源评估The Ergonomics Process人机工程过程Chain of command行政管理系统Personal protective equipment(PPE)个人防护设备Safety Inspection安全检查Hazard reporting system危险源呈报系统Occupational health and safety management system职业健康安全管理体系Rational orgnisation theory理性组织理论Planning and review/accountability计划与评审/职责Industrial Hygiene工业卫生Physical Hazard物理危险源Biological Hazard生物危险源Ergonomic Hazard人体工程学危险源Chemical Hazard化学危险源Self-motivation自我激励Pavement Breaker混凝土路面破碎机Terrestrial Radiation地面辐射Accident Investigation事故调查Aground fault circuit interrupter接地故障断路器Artificial v entilation人工呼吸Cardio-pulmonary Resuscitation心肺复苏法Safety device安全防护装置Declaration of Conformity符合性声明Confined Spaces狭小空间Manufacturing Industry制造业Rock Falls岩石冒落Phase transition相变Coal field煤田Mine Fire矿井火灾Spontaneous combustion自然发火Old working老采空区，老窑Smoke Explosion轰然说明:此内容不代表考试重点,请大家斟酌.考试时字母均为小写即可.翻译Translation1.One comprehensive definition for an organizational culture has been presented bySchein who has that organizational culture is"a pattern of basic assumptions--invented,discovered,or developed by a given group as it learns to cope with itsproblems of external adaptation and internal integration--that has worked wellenough to be considered valid and,therefore,to be taught to new members as thecorrect way to perceive,think,and feel in relation to those problems".对组织文化的一种全面的定义是由Schein提出的，他认为组织文化是“一种基本假设的模型——由特定群体在研究处理外部适应与内部聚合问题的过程中发明或发展出来的——由于运作效果好而被认可，并传授给组织新成员以作为理解、思考和感受相关问题的正确方式。
安全工程专业英语
危险控制hazard control危险分析hazard analysis直接原因direct causecorporate cause安全评审safety assessmentsocial needs生理需求physiological needsguard rail安全评价safety evaluation危险辨识hazard identification间接原因indirect cause高危行业high risk industry安全激励safety motivationoccupational disease建筑安全construction safety建筑事故construction accident系统安全工程system safety engineeringaccident investigation调查程序investigation procedure安全文化safety culture事故率accident rate自我激励self motivationaccident proneness高空作业working at high作业平台working platformemergency response plan个人需求ego needs安全氛围safety environment建筑工地construction site在狭小空间工作由于不知道在狭小空间工作的危险导致了很多工人的死亡。
经常这些被杀死的工人中不仅包括在狭小空间工作的工人，还包括这些没有装备好就试图去营救他们的人。
在这种地方工作需要技术熟练和经过培训的人以确保安全。
如果不能避免在狭小空间工作那么为了这项工作增加专家经常是安全的。
空气在狭小空间不宜吸入要么是因为有毒气体和烟气或者是缺少氧气。
没有足够的自然通风设备去保持空气适合吸入。
在某些情况下气体可能是易燃的，因此它可能也有着火或爆炸的危险。
工作空间可能是受限制的，使工人靠近接触其他危险如移动的机器，电流或蒸汽排气阀和蒸汽管子。
安全工程专业英语part1翻译
1 Why Do We Need Safety Engineering?我们为什么需要安全工程?It is difficult to open a newspaper or turn on the television and not be reminded how dangerous our world is.Both large-scale natural and man-made disasters seem to occur on an almost daily basis.只要打开报纸或电视，很难不让我们想到（无不在告诉）我们这个世界是多么危险。
大规模的自然灾害和人为灾害几乎每天都在发生.An accident at a plant in Bhopal, India, killed over 2,500 people.印度博帕尔市的一家工厂发生的事故造成了2500多人死亡A nuclear power plant in the Ukraine exploded and burned out of control, sending a r adioactive cloud to over 20 countries, severely affecting its immediate neighbors’ livestock and farming.乌克兰的一座核电站爆炸，并引发了火灾，形成的放射云覆盖了20多个国家，严重影响了邻国的畜牧业和农业。
Keeping safety is responsibility of safety engineers. Are you ready to struggle for human safety and happiness in your whole life?做好安全工作是安全工程师的责任，你准备好了为了人类的安全和幸福而奋斗终生吗？A total of 6.7 million injuries and illnesses in the United States were reported by private industry in 1993.1993年美国的私有企业报告的工伤和疾病总数达到六百七十万例。
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Unit 1 safety management systemAccident causation models 事故致因理论Safety management 安全管理Physical conditions 物质条件Machine guarding 机械保护装置House-keeping 工作场所管理Top management 高层管理人员Human errors 人因失误Accident-proneness models 事故倾向模型Munitions factory 军工厂Causal factors 起因Risking taking 冒险行为Corporate culture 企业文化Loss prevention 损失预防Process industry 制造工业Hazard control 危险控制Intensive study 广泛研究Organizational performance 企业绩效Mutual trust 相互信任Safety officer 安全官员Safety committee 安全委员会Shop-floor 生产区Unionized company 集团公司Seniority 资历、工龄Local culture 当地文化Absenteeism rate 缺勤率Power relations 权力关系Status review 状态审查Lower-level management 低层管理者Business performance 组织绩效Most senior executive 高级主管Supervisory level 监督层Safety principle 安全规则Wall-board 公告栏Implement plan 执行计划Hazard identification 危险辨识Safety performance 安全性能One comprehensive definition for an organizational culture has been presented by Schein who has said the organizational culture is “a pattern of basic assumptions –invented, discovered, or developed by a given group as it learns to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integration –that has worked well enough to be considered valid and, therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems”译文：Schein给出了组织文化的广泛定义，他认为组织文化是由若干基本假设组成的一种模式，这些假设是由某个特定团体在处理外部适应问题与内部整合问题的过程中发明、发现或完善的。
由于以这种模式工作的有效性得到了认可，因此将它作为一种正确的方法传授给新成员，让他们以此来认识、思考和解决问题[指适应外部与整合内部的过程中的问题]。
The safety culture of an organization is the product of individual and group values, attitudes, perceptions, competencies, and patterns of behavior that determine the commitment to, and the style and proficiency of , an organization’s health and safety management.译文：组织的安全文化由以下几项内容组成：个人和群体的价值观、态度、观念、能力和行为方式。
这种行为方式决定了个人或团体对组织健康安全管理的责任，以及组织健康安全管理的形式和熟练程度。
Unit 2 System Safety EngineeringSystem safety engineering 系统安全工程By-product 附带产生的结果Engineering practice 工程实践Safety problem 安全问题Accelerating technology 快速发展的技术Safety effort 安全投入System’s life cycle 系统的生命周期System effectiveness 系统有效性Logical reasoning 逻辑推理Potential accident 潜在事故Accident cause 事故原因Logical programming 合理的规划System hazard 系统危害Safety input 安全投入Inherently safe system 本质安全系统Schedule delays 进度拖延Concept phase 初步计划阶段Safety criteria 安全标准Government regulations 政府管制System operation 系统运行System analysis 系统分析System design 系统设计Aid in 有助于Equipment specifications 设备说明Maintenance plans 维护计划Safety problems 安全问题Development phase 发展阶段Operation phase 运行阶段Performance reviews 绩效评估Disposal phase 处理阶段Intuitive process 直觉过程Make decisions 做决定Hazard control 危险控制Protective apparel 防护服Engineering solutions 工程方法/手段Protective devices 保护装置Warning devices 报警装置Incorrect interpretation 误解Hazardous material 危险物质Work area layout 工业区布局Educational solutions 教育方法/手段Training sessions 培训会议Safety promotion programs 安全促进项目Administrative solutions 行政方法/手段Personnel selection 人员选择Safety shoes 安全鞋Safety belt 安全带Safety glasses 防护眼镜Accident prevention 事故预防Technical system 技术系统Responsible official 负责人Hazard analysis is not an intuitive process. For an analysis to be meaningful, it must be logical, accurate, descriptive of the system, and based on valid assumptions. Its success largely depends on the skill and knowledge of those conducting the analysis. Anyone who has a thorough, working knowledge of both the system under consideration and the analysis technique to be used may perform a hazard analysis. In practice, the efforts of several persons with varying backgrounds are usually required to assure that meaningful and comprehensive hazard information is obtained.译文：危险分析过程不是凭直觉就能完成的。
对于一个有意义的分析，必须在有效的假设基础上对系统进行合理的、准确的描述。
它的成功主要取决于进行分析的人所具有的技能与知识。
只要对被研究的系统和用于分析的技术有全面的了解，任何人都可以进行危险分析。
在实践过程中，要想获得全面而有价值的危险信息，必须要一些具有不同知识背景的人共同努力才行。
System safety engineering is a relatively new approach to accident prevention. Its concepts and techniques have evolved from efforts to improve the safety of the complex technical systems that are common in today’s society. It is based on the ideasthat accidents result from a number of interacting causes within a system, and that each cause and interaction can be logically identified, evaluated, and controlled. Through the logical application of scientific and management principles over the life cycle of a system, system safety engineering attempts to achieve an optimum degree of safety.译文：安全系统工程是一个相对较新的预防事故的方法。
它的概念和相关技术是在人们提高当今普遍存在的复杂技术系统安全性的各种努力过程中逐渐发展而来的。
它基于这样一个思想，即所有的事故都是系统内大量相互作用的原因造成的，理论上，各种原因及相互作用都能被识别、评估，并得到控制。