阅读理解题型及解题方法分析
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快速准确理解原文是作好后面测试题目的前提,要想作好测试题目还必须首先了解测试题型以及解题的具体的步骤和方法。
一.题型
阅读理解可以粗略地分成两大类:客观题(objective questions0和主观题(subjective question)。客观题用来测度考生对原文内容中的客观事实的理解,也就是要求考生理解文章中的具体事实和抽象概念(包括词义)。主观题用来测试考生的主观判断能力,也就是要求考生对文章的中心思想,作者的意图和态度,以及整篇文章的逻辑关系有更深的了解,根据这些进行推理和判断。如果再分细一点,那么可以将阅读理解的测试题具体分为以下五种。
(一) 主旨大意题
主旨大意题要求考生在阅读有关文章后能够概括出中心思想,确定段落大意或选定最佳标题。主旨题的典型提问方式有:
1.The best title for this passage is________
2.Topic of the article is_______
3.The main idea of the passage is_______
4.The passage is mainly about (concerned with )_____
5.The passage mainly (primarily) deals with________
6.The author mainly discusses_________
7.The title that best expresses the main idea is_______
8.The central idea conveyed in the above passage is____-
9.The author’s purpose in writing this passage is______-
10. The main idea of this selection may be best expressed as_______
11.What is the main topic (theme, subject, point) of the passage?
12.Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
13.What would be the most appropriate title for this passage?
14.What does the passage mainly discuss?
15.What title suits this passage best?
16.Which sentence best summarizes the article?
(二) 具体细节题
这类问题要求考生理解与文章主题有关的事实依据,赞同反对的理由,以及找出其它有关的细节或具体的数据等。细节题的出题类型主要有以下三种:
1. 特殊疑问句
以what ,who, when, how, where 等引导的问题。
A.What do we know about…?
B.Why is (are)…?
C.How many (much)…in this article?
D.In what year…?
E.In what way…?
F.According to the passage, who (what ,where, when)…?
2. 正误判断题
通常询问文章中所述的事情是否真实,某种提法是否正确或文章(作者)是否提及某事。
A.Which of the following statements is (not )true?
B.Which of the following is (not) mentioned in the article?
C.Which of the following does not explain…?
D.Which of the following statements is wrong according to the author?
E.Which of the following in NOT listed as…?
F.All of the following are true except…?
G.The author mentions all of the items listed below except…?
H.The author (passage) does not tell us…?
3.填空题
通常涉及与主题有关的事实或细节,但涉及的范围比下误判断题要广。
A.The real cause is______.
B.According to the author, the techniques can be used to ______.
C.The author states that______.
D.The experiment shows that ________.
E.Mr. X expects (hopes, wishes)______.
(三)词汇题
词汇题主要是测试考生根据上下文判断生词或新短词意义的能力。做这样的题时,考生需要注意以下两点:一是要按照下文与字里行间的线索进行分析和大胆的猜测最后确定正确的含义;二是要特别注意新词汇和短语的引申意义。有不少的词或短语考生也许见过或认识,但这些词或短语的意义在新的背景或上下文中可能与原义不同或者有进一步的引伸。这就需要考生具有一定的判断能力才能确定一个词或短语的确切含义。
词汇题的提问方式主要有:
1.What is the possible meaning of the word”…”in line….?
2.Which is the probable definition of the word”…”?
3.The italicized word in line…means_____.
4.Which of the following is nearest (closest) in meaning to “….”?
5.By “…”, the author means_________.
6.The line …, the word “this (that, these, those , it , them)”stands for_______.
7.The&nb sp;word (phrase)”…”probably means_______
8.The word (phrase)”…”closest to ______
9.The line …, the word”….”most probably means______.
10.In line…, the word “…”could best be replaced by _________.
(四) 断、预测和引申题
这类题具有较大的难度,要求考生在理解原文的基础上,根据文章中所阐述的事实细节和上下文的暗示与线索进行综合分析,然后做出推断预测或得出合情合理的结论。因此,考生必须细读全文,不仅要懂得文章的表层意义,还要理解深层的内含;不仅要掌握作者言明的观点倾向,还要获取字里行间隐含的信息。但同时必须提醒考生的是切忌无根无据地随意猜想或推理,把白的东西说成是黑