2002年四川大学细胞生物学考研真题-考研真题资料
细胞生物学考研题库【名校考研真题+章节题库】细胞骨架【圣才出品】
第8章细胞骨架8.1名校考研真题一、选择题1．微管蛋白的异二聚体上具有哪种核苷酸的结合位点？（）[厦门大学2011研] A．GDPB．ADPC．GTPD．ATP【答案】C【解析】在α/β-微管蛋白二聚体中，α-微管蛋白上有一个GTP结合位点，结合在该位点上的GTP通常不会被水解，被称为不可交换位点；β-微管蛋白上也有一个GTP结合位点，该GTP在微管蛋白二聚体参与组装成微管后即被水解成GDP，因此β-微管蛋白上的GTP结合位点是可交换位点。
2．下列物质中，能抑制微丝解聚的是（）。
[南开大学2008年研；厦门大学2011研]A．秋水仙素B．紫杉醇C．鬼笔环肽D．细胞松弛素B【答案】C【解析】A项，秋水仙素能抑制微管的组装，而不影响其解聚。
B项，紫衫醇能抑制微管的解聚，而不影响其组装。
D项，细胞松弛素B能抑制微丝的组装，而不影响其解聚。
3．（多选）中间纤维包括（）。
[厦门大学2011研]A．核纤层蛋白B．角质蛋白C．神经丝蛋白D．结蛋白【答案】ACD【解析】中间纤维即中间丝，其主要类型和组成成分包括：①Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型角蛋白：以异源二聚体形式参与中间丝的组装，分布于上皮细胞内。
②Ⅲ型中间丝：波形蛋白、结蛋白、胶质丝酸性蛋白和外周蛋白。
③Ⅳ型中间丝：神经丝蛋白和α-介连蛋白。
④Ⅴ型中间丝：核纤层蛋白。
⑤Ⅵ型中间丝：巢蛋白、联丝蛋白和desmuslin。
4．在只有肌动蛋白而无肌球蛋白的情况下，下列哪种形式的细胞运动可以发生？（）[中山大学2007研]A．骨骼肌收缩B．胞质分裂C．卵细胞受精前的顶体反应D．胞质环流E．上述细胞运动都不能发生【答案】E【解析】肌动蛋白是微丝的组成单元，而肌球蛋白是微丝的马达蛋白。
ABCD四项所述运动形式均与微丝有关，因此所描述的细胞运动都不能发生。
二、填空题1．秋水仙素是作用于______的特异性药物，细胞松弛素是影响______的特异性药物。
[中国科学院大学2016、2017研]【答案】微管；微丝2．肌纤维的两个功能蛋白______、______和两个调节蛋白______、______。
细胞生物学考研真题及答案
10+细胞生物学A一、名词解释（15小题，每小题2分，共30分）1.Cell2.古核细胞3.细胞培养4.Cell membrane5.受体介导的胞吞作用6.半自主性细胞器7.Endomembrane system8.细胞信号转导9.Cytoskeleton10.核仁组织区11.多聚核糖体12.Cell cycle13.程序性细胞死亡14.单能干细胞15.胞间连丝二、填空题（40个空，每空1分，共40分）1．2009年有两项与细胞生物学有关的研究获得诺贝尔奖：；。
2．细胞组分的分离方法有、和。
3．构成动物细胞胞外基质的主要成分是、、和。
4．膜脂主要包括、和，其中以为主。
5．在细胞世代中确保染色体复制和稳定遗传，染色体起码具备三种功能元件：、和。
6．分子马达(molecular motor)主要是指依赖于微管的、和依赖于微丝的这三类蛋白质超家族的成员。
7．核仁超微结构普遍存在三种基本组分：、和。
8．负责物质跨膜转运的蛋白可分为两类：和，前者既可介导运输，又可介导运输；后者只能介导运输。
9．细胞通讯可概括为3种方式：（28）。
（29）。
（30）。
10．体外培养的细胞，不论是原代细胞还是传代细胞，一般不保持体内原有的细胞形态，而呈现出两种基本形态：和。
11.单细胞向多细胞有机体进化的过程中，主要的特点是出现了。
12．迄今发现能独立生活的最小的原核细胞是，它的结构简单，是其细胞内唯一的细胞器。
13.高尔基体是一种有极性的细胞器，由相互联系的几个部分组成，即：、、、、。
三、问答题（8小题，每题10分，共80分）1．什么是细胞生物学？细胞生物学研究最终要解决的问题是什么？2．细胞生物学研究的主要内容是什么，你对哪方面了解的较为深入，请阐述。
3．细胞生物学研究有哪些方法？4．举例说明细胞分化是基因选择性表达的结果。
5．简述细胞间连接的类型、结构特点、存在部位和功能。
6．简述物质跨膜运输的主要方式及其特点。
7．简述核被膜在细胞周期中的崩解与重建。
2002年考研真题及解析
2002年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C OR D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened 1 . As was discussed before, it was not 2 the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic_ 3 _ ，following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 4 of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution 5 up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading 6 through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures 7 the 20th century world of the motor car and the air plane. Not everyone sees that Process in 8 . It is important to do so.It is generally recognized, 9 , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century,10 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process,11 its impact on the media was not immediately 12 . As time went by, computers became smaller and mo re powerful, and they became “personal” too, as well as 13 , with display becoming sharper and storage 14 increasing. They were thought of, like people, 15 generations, with the distance between generations much 16 .It was within the com puter age that the term “information society” began to be widely used to describe the 17 within which we now live. The communications revolution has 18 both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been 19 view about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. “Benefits” have been weighed 20 “harmful” outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.1. ［A］between ［B］before ［C］since ［D］later2. ［A］after ［B］by ［C］during ［D］until3. ［A］means ［B］method ［C］medium ［D］measure4. ［A］process ［B］company ［C］light ［D］form5. ［A］gathered ［B］speeded ［C］worked ［D］picked6. ［A］on ［B］out ［C］over ［D］off7. ［A］of ［B］for ［C］beyond ［D］into8. ［A］concept ［B］dimension ［C］effect ［D］perspective9. ［A］indeed ［B］hence ［C］however ［D］therefore10. ［A］brought ［B］followed ［C］stimulated ［D］characterized11. ［A］unless ［B］since ［C］lest ［D］although12. ［A］apparent ［B］desirable ［C］negative ［D］plausible13. ［A］institutional ［B］universal ［C］fundamental ［D］instrumental14. ［A］ability ［B］capability ［C］capacity ［D］faculty15. ［A］by means of ［B］in terms of ［C］with regard to［D］in line with16. ［A］deeper ［B］fewer ［C］nearer ［D］smaller17. ［A］context ［B］range ［C］scope ［D］territory18. ［A］regarded ［B］impressed ［C］influenced ［D］effected19. ［A］competitive ［B］controversial ［C］distracting ［D］irrational20. ［A］above ［B］upon ［C］against ［D］withSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses’ convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. “Who is that?” the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, that’s God,” came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he’s a doctor.”If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn’t att empt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it’s the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you don’t succeed, give up” or a play on words o r on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatement. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.21. To make your humor work, you should .[A] take advantage of different kinds of audience[B] make fun of the disorganized people[C] address different problems to different people[D] show sympathy for your listeners22. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are .[A] impolite to new arrivals[B] very conscious of their godlike role[C] entitled to some privileges[D] very busy even during lunch hours23. It can be inferred from the text that public services .[A] have benefited many people[B] are the focus of public attention[C] are an inappropriate subject for humor[D] have often been the laughing stock24. To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered .[A] in well-worded language[B] as awkwardly as possible[C] in exaggerated statements[D] as casually as possible25. The best title for the text may be .[A] Use Humor Effectively[B] Various Kinds of Humor[C] Add Humor to Speech[D] Different Humor StrategiesText 2Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics—the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy—far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves—goals that pose a real challenge. “While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error," says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics p rogram at NASA, “we can't yet give a robot enough ‘common sense’ toreliably interact with a dynamic world.”Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain's roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented—and human perception far more complicated—than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earth can't approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don’t know quite how we do it.26. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in .[A] the use of machines to produce science fiction.[B] the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry.[C] the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work.*D+ the elite’s cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work.27. The word “gizmos”(line 1, paragraph 2) most probably means .[A] programs ［B］experts ［C］devices ［D］creatures28. According to the text, what is beyond man's ability now is to design a robot that can .[A] fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery.[B] interact with human beings verbally.[C] have a little common sense.[D] respond independently to a changing world.29. Besides reducing human labor, robots can also .[A] make a few decisions for themselves.[B] deal with some errors with human intervention.[C] improve factory environments.[D] cultivate human creativity.30. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are .[A] expected to copy human brain in internal structure.[B] able to perceive abnormalities immediately.[C] far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information.[D] best used in a controlled environment.Text 3Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-1980, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlineswarning of gloom and doom this time?The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies—to which heavy industry has shifted—have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The Economist’s commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%.31. The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is_______[A] global inflation. [B] reduction in supply.[C]fast growth in economy. [D] Iraq’s suspension of exports.32. It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if______.[A] price of crude rises. [B] commodity prices rise.[C] consumption rises. [D] oil taxes rise.33. The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries_______.［A］heavy industry becomes more energy-intensive.［B］income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices.［C］manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed.［D］oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP.34. We can draw a conclusion from the text that_______.［A］oil-price shocks are less shocking now.［B］inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks.［C］energy conservation can keep down the oil prices.［D］the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry.35. From the text we can see that the writer seems__________.［A］optimistic. ［B］sensitive. ［C］gloomy. ［D］scared.Text 4The Supreme Court’s decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect”, a centur ies-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients’pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient. Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who “until now have very, v ery strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient medication to control their pain if that might hasten death”.George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. “It’s like surgery,” he says. “We don’t call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn’t intend to kill their patients, although t hey risked their death. If you’re a physician, you can risk your patient’s suicide as long as you don’t intend their suicide.”On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.Just three weeks before the Court’s ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying” as the twin problems of end-of-life care.The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. “Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering”, to the extent that it constitutes “systematic patient abuse”. He says medical licensing boards “must make it clear...that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension”.36. From the first three paragraphs, we learn that .*A+ doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients’pain[B] it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives[C] the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide[D] patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide37. Which of the following statements its true according to the text?*A+ Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients’death.[B] Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painless recovery.[C] The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication can be prescribed.*D+ A doctor’s medication is no longer justified by his intentions.38. According to the NAS’s report, one of the problems in end-of-life care is .[A] prolonged medical procedures [B] inadequate treatment of pain[C] systematic drug abuse [D] insufficient hospital care39. Which of the following best defines the word “aggressive” (line 4, paragraph 7)?[A] Bold. [B] Harmful. [C] Careless. [D] Desperate40. George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they .[A] manage their patients incompetently[B] give patients more medicine than needed[C] reduce drug dosages for their patients[D] prolong the needless suffering of the patientsPart BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Almost all our major problems involve human behavior, and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone. What is needed is a technology of behavior, but we have been slow to develop the science from which such a technology might be drawn.（41）One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. Physics and biology once followed similar practices and advanced only when they discarded them. （42）The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find. The environment is obviously important, but its role has remained obscure. It does not push or pull, it selects, and this function is difficult to discover and analyze.（43）The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood, however, effects once assigned to states of mind, feelings, and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions, and a technology of behavior may therefore become available. It will not solve our problems, however, until it replaces traditional prescientific views, and these are strongly entrenched. Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty. （44）They are the possessions of the autonomous（self-governing）man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. A scientific analysis shifts both the responsibility and the achievement to the environment. It also raises questions concerning “values”. Who will use a technology and to what ends? （45）Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.Section III Writing46. Directions:Study the following picture carefully and write an essay entitled “Cultures National and International”.In the essay you should1. describe the picture and interpret its meaning, and2. give your comment on the phenomenon.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)An American girl in traditional Chinese costume（服装）第一部分英语知识应用试题解析一、文章总体分析本文主要介绍了计算机的发展对通信革命及人们的生存方式产生的影响。
四川大学细胞学考研
四川大学生命科学学院历届考研题－－细胞学专业考试科目：细胞生物学适用专业：植物学、动物学、生物化学与分子生物学、生态学研究方向：以上各专业各方向一、名词解释（每小题3分，共45分）1、支原体（mycopiest）；2、胞外基质（exiracellular natrix）；3、脂质体（liosome）；4、膜骨架（membrane associated cytoskeleton）；5、间隙连接（gap junction）；6、胞内体（endosome）；7、蛋白水解酶复合体（proteasome）8、端粒酶（telomerane）9、微管组织中心（MTOC）；10、成熟促进因子（M-phase-promoting factor, MPF）；11、癌基因（oncogene）；12、细胞全能性（cell totipotency）；13、兼性异染色质（facultative heterochromatin）；14、Na+-K+泵（ Na+-K+pump）；15、类囊体（thylakold）.二、简答题（每小题5分，共20分）：1、细胞可通过哪些方式限制质膜蛋白的二维流动性？2、人基因组DNA（3×109bp）全部包装成核小体结构，需要核心组蛋白各多少个分子？细胞通过何种进化机制满足如此多的蛋白分子的快速合成？3、如果细胞内某种蛋白质分子其N-端含有一段ER信号序列，中间含有一段核定位信号序列（NJS），请问该蛋白的转运命运如何，为什么？4、动物细胞和植物细胞具有不同机制实现对营养物质的摄取，请予以简要说明。
三、论述题（第1题必做，第2、3题任选一题回答，共25分）：1、论述真核细胞内蛋白质的合成、修饰与分选途径。
（15分）2、试述细胞信号传递通路中有哪两种分子开关蛋白的作用机制。
（10分）3、试述细胞增殖与细胞凋亡（apoptosis）在发育中的相互关系。
（10分）四、实验分析题（10分）：来源于rER的微粒体（microsome）可用于体外研究蛋白质的合成与跨膜转移。
02细胞生物学真题中山大学研究生入学考试
么一定要用胚性干细胞作为受体？
5、单体G蛋白在细胞生命活动中具有重要作用，请举两例说明之。
五、实验与设计
1、请设计一个离体实验证明SRP和SRP受体的功能。
2、如何证明RNA聚合酶III进行5SrRNA基因转录时，使用的是内部启动
子？
六、比较题
1、缬氨霉素与短杆菌肽
3、用电子显微镜观察不到微粒体，其原因是：( )
a．微粒体太小，无法用电子显微镜观察
b.它们是匀浆和离心后的人造产物
c. 电子能够完全穿透它们
d.只有通过显微摄影才能看到
4、下列最能确切描述核定链信号的是：( )
a．NLS是一个典型的小分子代谢中间产物
b．NLS是位于蛋白N端的一段疏水性氨基酸序列
c．NLS是位于蛋白C末端的一段或两段碱性氨基酸序列
a．大多数主要的蛋白，DNA复制的酶
b.组蛋白．DNA复制的酶
c.结构蛋白，功能蛋白
d．大多数主要蛋白，组蛋白
2、“肌收缩中，钙的作用是……，”
a．使肌球蛋白的头与肌动蛋白脱离
b．将运动潜力从质膜扩大到收缩机器
c．同肌钙蛋白结合，引起原肌球蛋白的移动。使肌动蛋白纤维同
肌球蛋白的头都接触
d．维持肌球蛋白丝的结构
5、胞内受体一般处于受抑制状态，细胞内信号分子的作用是解除抑制。
6、选择蛋白和免疫球蛋白超家族蛋白介导的细胞粘着都是钙依赖性的。
7、网格蛋白和外被体蛋白小泡的装配都需要衔接蛋白。
8、细胞迁移和运动时片足中的actin纤维比其它部位更为有序，微丝的正端与细胞的运动方向相一致。
三、选择题
1、以恒定速度在整个间期合成的蛋白是（ ），而只是在S期合成的蛋白是( )
2002华西药学综合
四川大学2002年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题科目：药学综合代玛：706#专业：药理学、药物化学、药剂学、生药学、药物分析学微生物与生化药学、生物化学与分子生物学、生物医学工程；（试题共13页） (答案必须写在答题纸上,写在试题上不给分）有机化学部分（40分)一、选择题（共15分）1.取某试样0.5g ，精密称定置lO0ml量瓶中,用蒸馏水溶解并定容摇匀，取上述溶液25.00ml 置250ml锥形瓶中，加入10mlNH4Cl NH3H2O缓冲液，加水50ml摇匀--------上述划线各操作中，所用仪器分别为（）A.分析天平，移液管，移液管，量筒B 台秤，量筒，吸量管，滴定管C.分析天平，量筒，量筒，滴定管D.分析天平，移液管，量筒，量筒2.用氢氧化钠标准液分步滴定顺丁烯二酸(Ka1=1.0*10-1 Ka=5.5*10-1 [红色代表不确定])时，应选择的指示剂是（）A.酚酞B.甲基橙酚酞C.甲基红D.酚酞甲基橙3.滴定等重量的混合碳酸盐溶液两份，一份用P.P作指示剂，另一份用M.O作指示剂，如果Vp等于用P.P作指示剂时的酸体枳，Vm等于用M.O作指示剂时的酸液体积，如果混合物中NaHCO3¥的物质的量两倍于 Na2CO3 ,Vp和Vm间的关系为( )A.Vm = 4VpB.Vm=VpC.Vm=3/2VpD.4Vm=Vp4、关于电位滴定法，下述说法中不正确的是（）A.电位滴定法是借助监测待测物（或滴定剂）的指示电极的电位变化确定滴定终点的滴定分析法。
B.进行电位滴定需要的仪器有滴定管、参比电极、指示电极、电磁搅拌器和电子电位计C.电位滴定法与指示剂滴定法相比，其有不受溶液有色、浑浊的限制，不需要标准溶液等优点D.电位滴定法确定终点的方法有E/V曲线法，ΔE/ΔV-V曲线法、和ΔE2/ΔV2-V曲线法5.与百分吸收系数E1nm1nm[不确定]有关的因素是（）.A.波长，浓度，温度B.浓度，被测物的分子结构C.温度，溶剂，浓度，波长D.被测物的分子结构、波长、温度、溶剂6.选择适当的分析方法进行下列测定（）(1)尿液中的兴奋剂的检测(2)一饱和烃化合物的结构的确定(3)井水中Mn2+的含量测定(4)血淸中Ca2+的活度测定^A. ISE BAAS C.GC D.NMR7红外吸收光谱起源于（）A.外层电子的能级跃迁B.外层电子的能级跃迁（伴随着振功及转动能级跃迁）C.分子的振动能级并伴随转动能级跃迁D.由笫一电子激发态的最低振动能级四到基态8.用红外光谱判断分子式C2H8O的化合物是否为醚类化合物，主要依据的谱带范围为：（）A.3500 一 3200 cm-1B.3000 一 2700 cm-1C.1670 一 1500 cm-1 D 1270 一 1000 cm-19.使用气相色谱仪时，有下列几个步骤：（1）打开桥电流开关；（2）打开记录仪的开关（3）通载气（4）升柱温及检测室温度（5）启动色谱仪开关下列哪个次序是正确的？A.1→2→3→4→5B. 2→3→4→5→7C. 3→5→4→1→2D. 5→3→4→1→210.高校液和色谱仪与气相色谱仪比较，增加了（）A.储液器、恒温器、高压泵B.恒温器、高压泵、程序升温C.高压泵、程序升温、梯度淋洗装置D.储液器、高压泵、梯度淋洗装置11、用于原子吸收分祈的光源应满足一定的条件，下列说法错误的是（）A.能辐射锐线光谱B.能辐射被测元素的共振线C.光源为稳定性好的钨灯D.共振线是元素所有谱线中最灵敏的谱线12. B样品25.0mg用水溶成1000ml后，盛于1cm吸收池中，在361nm处测得吸收光度为0.407，已知B 纯品的水溶液在361nm处的E nm nm是207，则样品B的百分浓度为（）A.78.65%B.78.6% C 7.86% D.7.865%二、填空题（10分，毎空0.5分）1.咖啡因的Kb=4.0*10-1，故________在水溶液中柑酸直接滴定，若更换______作溶剂，便可用标准溶液直接滴定。
四川大学2002年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
四川大学2002年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题科目：细胞生物学一、Give the significance (not the definition ) of the following terms or phrases .Say what they do or why they are important. (10 points ; Answer these question in Chinese or English )1.stem cell2.cell cycle checkpoints3.receptor-mediated endocytosis4.Na+-K+ ATPase5.molecular chaperones二、填空题（毎空1分，共15分）1.胶原是一种分泌蛋白，其合成通路和其它分泌蛋白类似，先在（）切除信号肽，然后在（）装配形成三股螺旋的前胶原分子，同时在（）被糖基化等加工修饰，最后在（）形成成熟的胶原分子，之后装配成胶原。
胶原能够赋予组织（）能力。
2.动物细胞靠（）维持渗透压平衡，植物细胞靠（）维持渗透压平衡，淡水原生生物细胞靠（）维持渗透压平衡。
3.细胞分化的实质是（）4.蛋白质进入细胞器主要有三种方式，即（）、（）和（）5.蛋白二硫键异构酶存在于内质网中，其一级序列（）保证该酶滞留在内质网中。
6.染色体末端的（）在细胞衰老过程中，随着DNA复制而逐渐（）三、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1.一些kinesin（驱动蛋白）相关性蛋白，如CHO1/MKLP1 能使反向排列的微管滑动。
若这些蛋白质对有丝分裂有帮助，那么其在有丝分裂的哪个时期发挥作用：A.前期B.中期C.后期D.末期2.下列哪种缺陷能导致生物大分子储积在溶酶体内：A.吞噬缺陷B.溶酶体膜H+-泵缺陷C.核酸酶缺陷D.自噬缺陷3.两个细胞融合以后，其质膜蛋白混合为下列哪种说法提供了证据：A.质膜蛋白自旋运动B.流体镶嵌模型C.生物膜的脂双层结构D.两种不同质膜蛋白相互作用4.如果丧失紧密连接，位于上皮细胞游离面和基底面的质膜蛋白将：A.保持各自分布区域不变B.混合C.分布区域更加明显D.降解5.正常RB基因翻译形成的RB蛋白功能是：A.抑制转录B.活化转录C.抑制翻译D.活化复制6.下列哪种细胞桥粒含量最丰富：A.平滑肌细胞B.血红细胞C.皮肤上皮细胞D.神经细胞7.为了研究消化道上皮细胞分泌消化酶的活动，哪种方法最适合：A.细胞分级分离技术B.匀浆技术C.放射自显影技术D.扫描电镜技术8.比较高尔基体顺面管网结构与反面管网结构内的蛋白质，将发现：A.二者相同B.CGN内的蛋白质糖基化，TGN内蛋白质没有C.CGN内的蛋白质没有糖基化，而TGN内蛋白质被糖基化D.CGN和TGN内的蛋白质都被糖基化等加工修饰9.哪种分子不能以分子开关的形式在细胞信号传递过程中传递信号：A. Ras蛋白B.G-蛋白C.蛋白激酶D.cAMP10.下列哪种分子能够调节血压：A.cAMPB.NOC.COD.PKC四、实验分析题（共30分）1.下面是有关细胞骨架蛋白由最近几年的研究进展。
四川大学《939生物化学与分子生物学(自主命题)》历年考研真题专业课考试试题
二、选择题（20个，每个2分，40分） 1 由三脂酰甘油（TG）、磷脂酰丝氨酸（PS）和磷脂酰胆碱（PC） 组成的一个脂混合物被注入一个硅胶柱子，并用极性逐渐增强的溶剂进 行洗脱他们从柱子上洗脱下来的先后次序为（ ）。 A．TG→PS→PC
3 谷氨酸脱氢酶依赖于（ ）存在，才能催化谷氨酸-α-酮戊二酸。 A．NAD＋或NADP＋ B．FAD或FMN
C．磷酸吡哚醛 D．CoA
2014年四川大学939生物化学考研 真题
2015年6年四川大学939生物化学考研 真题
2015年四川大学939生物化学考研真题 2016年四川大学939生物化学考研真题 2017年四川大学939生物化学（自主命题）考研真题
1998年四川大学生物化学考研真 题
1999年四川大学生物化学考研真 题
2000年四川大学生物化学考研真 题
2001年四川大学345生物化学考研 真题
6 水合茚三酮
2013年四川大学939生物化学考研 真题（部分）
一、名词解释（5个，每个3分，15分） 1 Super-secondary structure (Motif) of protin
2 Northern blot
3 Ploycistronic Mrna
4 Suicide substrate
目 录
1998年四川大学生物化学考研真题 1999年四川大学生物化学考研真题 2000年四川大学生物化学考研真题 2001年四川大学345生物化学考研真题 2002年四川大学345生物化学考研真题 2005年四川大学439生物化学考研真题 2006年四川大学439生物化学考研真题 2007年四川大学439生物化学考研真题 2008年四川大学939生物化学考研真题 2009年四川大学939生物化学考研真题 2010年四川大学939生物化学考研真题 2011年四川大学939生物化学考研真题（回忆版） 2012年四川大学939生物化学考研真题（部分） 2013年四川大学939生物化学考研真题（部分） 2014年四川大学939生物化学考研真题
(1)--《细胞生物学》期末考试试卷
普通生物学考研试题库
普通生物学考研试题库一、选择题1、以下哪种生物属于原核生物？A.细菌B.酵母菌C.霉菌D.支原体2、以下哪种组织是植物体的支持组织？A.韧皮组织B.导管组织C.细胞组织D.木质部组织3、以下哪种化学反应是光合作用的关键步骤？A.加氧反应B.还原反应C.水解反应D.酸解反应二、简答题1、请简述生物多样性的定义，并列举出至少三种生物多样性的表现形式。
2、请阐述植物生长调节剂的作用机理及应用。
3、请描述细胞周期的各个阶段，并说明其在细胞增殖过程中的作用。
4、请说明同源染色体的概念，并描述其在减数分裂过程中的行为。
三、实验题1、请设计一个实验，验证植物的光合作用和呼吸作用。
2、请描述一个实验，以探究温度对酶活性的影响。
3、请设计一个实验，以研究某种药物对细菌生长的影响。
4、请描述一个实验，以检测某种植物激素的存在。
四、论述题1、请论述生物进化在现代生物学中的重要性，并举例说明其在解释生命现象中的应用。
2、请阐述基因工程的基本原理，并讨论其对人类社会可能产生的影响。
普通生物学试题库一、选择题1、在下列生物中，不属于植物界的是（）。
A.水稻B.蓝藻C.羊角拗D.猎豹2、下列哪一种生物不属于原生生物界？（）。
A.变形虫B.衣藻C.水绵D.疟疾原虫3、下列哪一种生物属于动物界而不是脊索动物门？（）。
A.海豚B.海龟C.青蛙D.蜈蚣二、填空题1、______是指由一个受精卵通过细胞分裂与生长的过程发育为多细胞的生物体，多细胞生物体是指由多个细胞组成的生物体。
2、细胞核是细胞的控制中心，它控制着细胞的______和______。
3、在光合作用中，光能被叶绿素吸收，并被转化为______能，储存在植物体内的有机物中。
4、神经元是神经系统的基本单元，它通过______传递信息，实现神经系统各个部分的。
5、消化系统包括消化道和消化腺两部分，消化道包括口腔、______、______和肛门；消化腺包括唾液腺、胃腺、肝脏和______。
细胞生物学考研题库【名校考研真题+章节题库】细胞生物学研究方法【圣才出品】
第3章细胞生物学研究方法3.1名校考研真题一、选择题1．（）技术为细胞生物学的早期形成奠定了良好的基础。
[中国科学院大学2016研] A．组织培养B．高速离心C．激光扫描共聚焦显微镜D．电子显微镜【答案】D2．冰冻蚀刻技术主要用于（）。
[南开大学2011研]A．电子显微镜B．光学显微镜C．原子力显微镜D．激光共聚焦显微镜【答案】A【解析】主要电镜制样技术包括：超薄切片技术、负染色技术、冷冻蚀刻技术、电镜三维重构技术和扫描电镜技术等。
3．正常细胞培养的培养基中常需加入血清，主要是因为血清中含有（）。
[浙江师范大学2011研]A．氨基酸B．核酸C．生长因子D．维生素【答案】C【解析】血清中含有促细胞分裂因子，以及有利于贴壁生长的黏附分子。
4．建立分泌单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞是通过下列哪种技术构建的？（）[湖南大学2007、南开大学2011研]A．细胞融合B．核移植C．病毒转化D．基因转移【答案】A【解析】杂交瘤细胞是利用瘤细胞与特异性抗原免疫的B淋巴细胞进行细胞融合制得的。
5．（多选）以下哪些技术一般不用于分离活细胞？（）[厦门大学2011研]A．流式细胞术B．细胞电泳C．超速离心D．差速离心【答案】CD【解析】C项，超速离心机用于分离或分析鉴定病毒颗粒、细胞器或大分子生物样品等。
D项，差速离心是利用不同的离心速率产生的不同离心力，将各种亚细胞组分和各种颗粒分离开来，适于分离沉降速率差别较大的亚显微结构颗粒。
6．关于光镜的使用，下列哪项有误？（）[南京师范大学2008研]A．观察标本时，应双眼同时睁开、双手并用B．按照从低倍镜到高倍镜到油镜的顺序进行操作C．使用油镜时，需在标本上滴香柏油，将聚光器降至最低，光圈关至最小D．使用油镜时，不可一边在目镜中观察，一边下降镜筒或上升载物台【答案】C7．动物细胞在体外培养条件下生长情况是（）。
[中国科学院2005研]A．能无限增殖B．不能增殖分裂而很快死亡C．经过有限次数分裂后最终都要死亡D．一般进行有限次数分裂后死亡，但少数情况下有些细胞发生了遗传突变，获得了无限增殖的能力【答案】D【解析】正常的动物细胞在体外进行培养时，会出现接触抑制现象，原代培养的细胞一般传至10代就会衰老、死亡。
《四川大学656生物学考研考点精编(含历年真题解析)》
目录Ⅰ序言 (3)Ⅱ考前必知 (5)一、历年报录情况 (5)二、学费与奖学金 (5)Ⅲ复习方略 (7)Ⅳ考试分析 (9)一、考试分析 (9)二、考试题型 (10)三、考点分布 (10)四、试题分析 (12)五、考试展望 (12)Ⅴ复习指南 (14)Ⅵ核心考点解析 (26)《普通生物学》 (26)第一章生命与生物学 (26)第二章生命的基本单位—细胞 (33)第三章生命的延续—遗传 (64)第四章精彩纷程的生命世界 (78)第五章植物的结构与功能 (82)第六章动物的结构与功能 (86)第七章生态学基础 (101)Ⅶ往年真题试卷与答案解析 (116)往年考研真题试卷 (116)四川大学2007年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 (116)四川大学2008年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 (119)四川大学2009年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 (121)四川大学2010年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 (122)四川大学2011年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 (124)四川大学2012年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 (127)四川大学2013年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 (129)四川大学2015年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 (131)往年考研真题试卷答案解析 (133)四川大学2007年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题答案解析 (133)四川大学2008年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题答案解析 (144)四川大学2009年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题答案解析 (152)四川大学2010年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题答案解析 (158)四川大学2011年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题答案解析 (166)四川大学2012年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题答案解析 (175)四川大学2013年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题答案解析 (184)Ⅰ序言《四川大学生物学考研考点精编（含真题解析）》（以下简称《考点精编（含真题解析）》）是联合专业课老师根据学校指定教材精心研发和编写的考研全程备考教辅，既从宏观视角构建学科知识框架，又从微观层面对核心考点、历年真题进行全面解析，可节省考生梳理教材的大量宝贵时间和精力，使考生复习取得事半功倍的效果。
2014年川大细胞生物学考博真题
2014年川大细胞生物学考博真题一、名词解释（每题2分，共40分）1、血影2、内质网应激3、N-连接糖基化4、兼性异染色质5、不对称分裂6、脂筏7、类病毒8、核纤层9、成熟促进因子10、溶酶体过载11、器官发生12、失巢凋亡13、细胞决定14、重编程15、短暂细胞16、交叉端化17、巴氏小体18、间体19、干细胞巢20、热休克蛋白二、简答题（每题10分，共60分）1、蛋白起始合成后的去向2、G蛋白偶联受体如何形成，设计那些细胞结构，如何转运到细胞膜3、亚细胞水平上，真核细胞三大结构体系是什么，并简述其各自的主要功能4、核仁周倜现象及其发生机制5、动物有丝分裂和胞质分裂中，细胞骨架作用，以及如何起作用6、一瓶细胞死亡，可用什么实验证明它发生凋亡，简述其依据。
2014年川大细胞生物学考博真题三、名词解释（每题2分，共40分）1血影:红细胞经过低渗处理，细胞破裂释放出血红蛋白和其他胞内可溶性蛋白，留下一个保持原型的空壳，称为血影。
2内质网应激：3N-连接糖基化：在内质网的腔面，寡糖链连接在插入膜内的磷酸多醇上，当与糖基化有关的氨基酸残基出现后，通过再摸上的糖基转移酶的作用，讲寡糖基由磷酸多连醇转移到相应的天冬酰胺残基上，这一过程称为N-链接的糖基化。
4兼性异染色质：在某些细胞类型或一定的发育阶段，原来的常染色质聚缩，并丧失基因转录活性，变为异染色质，如X染色体随机失活。
异染色质化可能是关闭基因活性的一种途径。
5不对称分裂：6脂筏:是一种相对稳定的、分子排列较紧密的、流动性较低的膜脂微区，富含鞘磷脂、胆固醇和膜蛋白，脂筏比质膜其他部位较厚一些。
7类病毒：与病毒不同的是，类病毒没有蛋白质外壳，为共价闭合的单链RNA8核纤层核纤层普遍存在于高等真核细胞中，是内层核被膜下纤维蛋白片层，其纤维直径为10毫微米左右，纤维纵横排列整齐呈纤维网络状。
核纤层在核内与核基质连接，在核外与中等纤维相连，构成贯穿于细胞核和细胞质的统一网架结构体系。
细胞生物学考研真题库【名校考研真题+章节题库】
细胞生物学考研真题库【名校考研真题+章节题库】第1章绪论1.1名校考研真题一、名词解释题1．cell biology[中国科学院大学2017研]、细胞生物学[吉林大学2004研]答：cell biology的中文名称是细胞生物学，是指在细胞水平上研究生物体生长、运动、遗传、变异、分化、衰老、死亡等生命现象的学科。
现代细胞生物学利用显微水平、超微水平和分子水平等方法研究细胞的结构、功能及生命活动，并将细胞整体、亚细胞结构、分子等不同层次的研究有机地结合起来，最终揭示生命的本质。
2．cell theory[华中科技大学2006研]、细胞学说[山东大学2015研]答：cell theory的中文名称是细胞学说。
细胞学说是1838～1839年由德国植物学家施莱登和德国动物学家施旺共同提出的，并由德国医生和病理学家魏尔肖进行修正的有关细胞生物规律的学说，其主要内容包括：细胞是有机体，一切动植物都是由细胞发育而来，并由细胞和细胞产物所构成；每个细胞作为一个相对独立的单位，既有自己的生命，又对与其他细胞共同组成的整体的生命有所助益；新的细胞可通过老的细胞繁殖产生。
选择题1.细胞学说创建时提出（）[中国科学院2005研]A．细胞由细胞膜、细胞核、细胞质组成B．一切动植物都由细胞组成，细胞是一切动植物的基本单位C．细胞只能来自细胞D．生物个体发育的过程就是细胞不断增殖和分化的连续过程【答案】B【解析】①细胞学说创建时期是1838～1839年，那个时期只有简单的显微镜。
②德国植物学家施莱登和动物学家施旺，共同提出了“细胞学说”：一切植物、动物都是由细胞组成的，细胞是一切动植物的基本单位。
细胞学说的基本内容：a．细胞是有机体，一切动植物都是由细胞发育而来，并由细胞和细胞产物构成；b．每个细胞作为一个相对独立的单位，既有“它”自己的生命，又对与其他细胞共同组成的整体的生命有所助益；c．新的细胞可以通过已存在的细胞繁殖产生。
普通生物学高校历年考研真题汇总【范本模板】
2、华东师范大学普通生物学试题（９６—０２）普通生物学 1996年一．名词解释.细胞周期同功器官光周期内皮层半保留复制获得性免疫生态位 C4植物病毒双重呼吸二．问答题1．试述茎的形态结构如何与其功能相适应？2．什么是基因？基因和性状之间的关系如何？3．高等动物的神经系统如何实现对机体功能的调控?4．固氮微生物有几种类型?它们各自有何特点？5．根据你所在地的污染状况,如何应用生物学知识预防和解决这些污染问题?普通生物学–1997一．名词解释细胞分化蛋白质的三级结构酵解凯氏带同源器官全能性光周期诱导基因重组突触原空动物和后口动物二．问答题。
1．阐述细胞膜的结构、功能及其相互关系。
2．植物性神经和躯体神经、交感神经的主要区别是什么?3．为什么说被子植物的花既是有性生殖器官又是无性生殖器官？4．阐述真菌的主要特征及其在自然界所起的作用。
5．请你用生物学知识对受污染水体设计治理方案。
普通生物学-1998一．名词解释。
二．光能异养型生物全酶体液免疫向性运动发射弧细胞增殖周期中心法则世代交替克隆器官原基三．问答题1．叙述细胞核的功能和意义.2．茎的形态结构如何与其功能相适应？3．营养物质是如何被吸收的，通过什么方式和途径进入机体组织细胞?4．请叙述变异的类型以及造成变异的环境因素。
5．原核生物包括那些类群？谈谈它们和人类的关系以及在自然界中所起的作用普通生物学-1999一．名词解释酶的诱导契合模型分辨率肺循环再生作用噬菌体生物种纯合体移码突变光反应和暗反应永久组织二．问答题1．酶促反应有何特点?哪些因素影响酶促反应？2．请叙述细胞学说的主要内容及其对生物学发展的意义.3．试述植物根部吸收分水的原理4．请举例说明机体的神经调节和体液调节的不同特点及其相互关系.5．以氮元素的转化循环为例，说明微生物在自然界中的地位和作用。
普通生物学-2000（A)一．名词解释.应激性蛋白质的一级结构细胞呼吸原肠胚中心法则内起源成花素光能细菌病毒粒子真果和假果二．问答题1．举例说明细胞无氧呼吸的代谢过程，并阐述其生物学意义.2．请叙述酶在食物消化过程中的作用。