公开课-英语阅读理解词义猜测题

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新初二英语阅读理解猜测词义题[1]

如何猜测阅读理解题中的生词词义词汇是阅读理解的基础的基础。

我们必须掌握教材中所学所有的单词和词组；了解构词法知识，如熟记一些常见的前缀、后缀，以与词语的合成和转化等；并且要进行大量的课外阅读扩大自己的词汇量。

尽管如此，在阅读中还是不可避免会遇到生词或者熟词生义，因此，我们必须学会如何猜测词义。

任何一个词语，在一定的上下文中只能表示一个确定的词义。

据此，我们可以尽可能地利用上下文来猜测词义，即从已知推求未知，也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义。

猜测词义时，我们可以从以下几个方面来考虑：一、根据定义或解释猜测词义A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.What does the word “carpenter” mean in Chinese?A.诗人B.木匠C.厨师D.伐木工人通过理解定语从句的意思，能猜出carpenter是B“木匠”A bag is useful and the word “bag” is usef ul. It gives us some interesting phrases(短语). One is “ to let the cat out of the bag”. It is the same as “to tell a secret”….Now when someone lets out (泄漏) a secret, he “lets the cat out of the bag.”John “lets the cat out of the bag” means he ______.A. makes everyone know a secretB. the woman bout a catC. buys a cat in the bagD. sells the cat in the bag在这篇文章里，“let the cat out of the bag”虽然是一个新出现的短语，但紧接着后面就给出解释It is the same as “to tell a secret”根据这一解释，我们就可判断出正确答案应为A。

高考英语阅读理解词义猜测

词义猜测知识摘要一、高考阅读理解词义猜测类题目常见的设问方式1. The word “…” refers to/ probably means ________.2. The underlined word “…” could best be replaced by ________.3. What do you think the expression “…” stands for?4. By saying “…” we mean ________.5. “…” as used in the passage can best be defined as ________.6. Which of the following words can take the place of the word “…”?考点梳理一、利用指代关系猜测找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词所指代的内容。

连读前、后段落，主要看前面的句子所出现的名词及相当于名词的表达。

二、利用定义语猜测对于某个陌生词，作者一般会在文章中给出该词的定义或解释。

这种解释可能是一种重复说明或定义。

线索词有that, which, is等。

三、利用定语或同位语猜测通常引出同位语的词有or, that is, in other words等，还有以括号或破折号的形式出现。

在这些标记词后较易找到同画线词意义相同或相近的词。

四、利用文章中的举例猜测根据文章所举的例子，从具体到一般，猜出该生词的意思。

五、利用对比或比较的词语猜测运用有对比关系的词语，例如反义词，可以暗示出生词的含义。

这类词主要有but, yet, however, while, unlike, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast to等。

标点符号中的分号也可表示对比。

六、利用构词法猜测分析复合词，从该词的各个部分的特定意思及联系上猜出该词的意思。

高考英语阅读理解——词意猜测题解题技巧攻略学习课件

●替代派：The underlined word “...”could best be replaced by... Which of the following words can take the place of the word“...”? What do you think the expression “...” stand for?
What does the underlined word “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean? C
A. Tested B. Separated C. Forced out D. Tracked down
12
eg4…all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. (2018▪全国卷Ⅰ▪C)
●指代派：The word “...” refers to ...
7
2. 解题步骤
定位线索推测词义选择
8
3. 词义类解题方法
1. 上下文
指代关系、定义或释义、同位关系、逻辑关系、上下文信息、同义或反义关系、举例
2. 构词法（转化；合成；派生）
9
高考真题赏析
eg1. Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues
make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.

高考英语阅读理解解题策略之猜测词义公开课优质课件

61.Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word “exotic”? A. Messy and untidy. B. Rich and expensive. C. Comfortable and calming. D. Unusual and foreign.
49 What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 mean A .I was waiting for good fortune. B .I was trying to find an admirable job. C .I was being aimless about a suitable job. D. I was doing several jobs for more pay at a time.
小结
Homework I left university with a good degree in English Literature ,but n sense of what I wanted to do .Over the next six years, just trying to earn an income, I was treading water. Because I tried Because journalism ,but I didn’t think I was any good ,then finance, which I hated. Finally, I got a job as a rights assistant at a famou publisher. I loved working with books ,although the job that I did was dull .

高三高考英语阅读理解技巧之词义猜测题ppt课件

The underlined word “banished” mean_______.
A. killed by stoning B. sent away C. imprisoned D. punished by whipping
.
37
What skills have we learnt?
.
39
1.根据构词法：前缀、后缀来猜测词
synonym 近义词
.
资金
11
解题技巧二：
通过对比和比较找出同义词、反义词 (synonym) (antonym) 来猜测词义
.
12
表示对比关系的词汇和短语:
unlike，however，despite，in spite of，in contrast 和similarly ， just as，also等。
英语阅读理解技巧之词义猜测题
（word-guessing）
.
1
Lead-in(导入)
词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：
1）The underlined word / phrase in the passage means ____．
2）The word "it / them"in the first paragraph refers to ____．
.
19
Challenge yourself !
1）The lack of movement
caused the muscles to weaken.
Sometimes the weakness was
permanent. So the player
could never play the sport

2025届高考英语阅读理解之词义猜测题解题策略及真题练习+课件

3. Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl. But her sister was quite sedate.
A. pretty
B. passive C. protective D. energetic
Practice 根据上下文语境推断词义。
4. At first, Gao was a hardworking and honest man who sells fish to make a
1. Mr.Green loves to talk,and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
adj.健谈的
同义或近义 synonym or near-synonym
利用上下文中出现的同义或近义的单词或短语推知划线词的意思。常见信号词 (clues) ： and, or, also, as...as, just as, similarly等
原因：because，as，since(因为)，for(因为) 结果：so，thus，as a result , therefore, so that …
8.The museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibitions in one day. adj. 大的
利用对比或转折的信号词，然后根据反义词线索猜测词义。常见信号词/词组有：but, yet(然而), despite(尽管), however, while(但是), unfortunately(不幸地), on the other hand, on the contrary(相反), in contrast, instead of, rather than, not as…as, not the same as…等

高考英语阅读理解专项指导-猜测词义

65.The underlined part “the colors turned the customers off” (in Para.3) means that the colors_______.
• had weak effects on the customers B. tricked the customers into shopping C. caused the customers to lose
发现过去人们以群体的形式欣赏音乐而现在则单个人在vidual
experience.
⑥利用对比关系猜词.
例如:She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.
...is/are known as 被称为
...can be defined as 可被定以为
例如：
1. Desert can be defined as a large area of land where there is not enough rain and vegetation to support human life.
从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是"脆"的意思。 It will be very hard but also very brittle—that is , it will break easily.
1
利用近义词的线索。作者可能会用一个近义词或者同义词去解释另一个更难的词，以便使他的文字意思更清楚，近义词往往出现在同一句或者同一段落中。
③利用重述作为上下文猜词的线索。当作者不能肯定读者能够理解他的意思时，他会用另外一种方式陈述自己的观点。常见的用来表示重述的词或短语有：

高中英语课件-阅读理解---猜词技巧(公开课) (2)

Part3 Logical Connection 根据逻辑关系
1. Mary didn't notice me when I came into the classroom, because she was completely engrossed in his reading. be buried in 2. (06陕西) The homeless people may have become jobless and then been unable to pay their rent and so no longer have a roof over their heads. In para 2, “ a roof over their heads” most probably means ______. A. a cap B. a car C. a home D. a covering
tools and weapocnosn. sidered a考s ,古be学
2. He is a resolutedemfainne. dO(n被ce定he义m)aakse,s up his
mind to do halfway.
somethsitnagn, dhefowro,ne’ttcg.ive
cheated
3.john (not John)
Tim drank too much water last night, so he went to visit john twice.
toilet / washroom
What helped you understand the meanings of the above expressions?
猜测词义题目题型

【高考英语阅读理解公开课】---猜测词义课件(共4个课件)

large
[典例] (2019·北京卷 )Phytoplankton(浮游植物) lives at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide into the ocean while giving off oxygen. ...But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow...
Statistics on the type of guessing meanings of words
Year
2019
2018
2017
全国卷Ⅰ 1(单词stumbles的含义)
1(单词 dominant的 2(代词that的含义；短语the
含义)
water catcher的含义)
全国卷Ⅱ
2(代词I的含义；短语tug at 1(短语a juicer的含
many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and
Chinese are increasingly taking over.
29．Which of the following best explains “dominant”in paragraph 2?
field(n.场地 ) field vt.运用=employ(使用，运用)

高考英语阅读理解-猜测词义课件(共31张PPT)

It will be very hard but very brittle — that is , it will break easily.
(adj. 易碎的, 脆的)
The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
(adj. 巨大的;极大的)
4. Cause Effect 因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。
One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.
(adj. 贫穷的,穷困的)
That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.
(adj. 大的)
5. Example 例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有for instance, for example, such as等。
Today young couples often spend lots of
their money on appliances, for instance,
逗号后的or water给出了irrigate的准确含义，即“灌溉” 的意思。
washing machines, refrigerators and
color televisions.
(n. 电器用具)
• 方法6：
Using word formation
（构词法）
6. Guessing the meaning
unbelievable
prefix (前缀）

公开课猜测词义

【例５】
Sharks are among the few animals in the world that almost never get cancer and eye cataracts. Understanding why can help us improve human health. Chemicals extracted from shark cartilage have killed cancerous tumors in laboratory animals, a research that someday could help prolong your life.
★Skill ２：通过举例进行猜测常用such as, like， for example, for instance等引出例子。
Practice2: I left university with a good degree in English Literature, but no sense of what I wanted to do. Over the next six years, I was treading water, just trying to earn an income. I tried journalism, but I didn’t think I was any good, then finance, which I hated. Finally, I got a job as a rights assistant at a famous publisher. I loved working with books, although the job that I did was dull. (2012四川) What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 mean?＿＿＿Ｃ A.I was waiting for good fortune. B. I was trying to find an admirable job. C. I was being aimless about a suitable job. D. I was doing several jobs for more pay at a time.

2024届高考英语阅读理解专项技巧-词义猜测+课件

Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Center, Yale University, who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas, is following in that__tradition. His recently published book, A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakersand Their Cultur e, grows out of his experience living, working, and raising a family in a village in Nepal.
技巧1：利用释义法解题
猜猜下列划线词汇的意思：例1：They described him as a loon, or a mad man. 说明：句中的or是对loon的解释，即loon与a mad man同义，即表示"疯子"。例2：The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 500 yuan a year. 说明：定语从句 who looks after sheep表明herdsman的词义为"牧人"。
解答： “added bonus”后面的that从句是同位语从句，解释说明“added bonus”的内容（坐电动飞机更舒服）。“No loud engine noise， no smell of fuel， just environmentally friendly peace and quiet.”一句则进一步解释说明，电动飞机飞行时没有发动机的噪音，没有燃油的气味，环境安静和谐，这意味着人们能够获得更加愉悦的飞行体验，故选C项。

高中英语二轮专题复习阅读理解中的词义猜测公开课

If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below. 26.What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph? A. a dessert. B. a drink. C. a container. D. a machine
What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in Paragraph 3? A. The attackers get attacked. B. The insects gather under the table. C. The plants get ready to fight back. D. The perfumes attract natural enemies.
text?
4) Which of the following has the closest meaning to… (paragraph…)?
5) By saying that “…” in the first(second…) paragraph, the author means that ______.

公开课英语阅读理解词义猜测题ppt课件

The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means “________”． The word “it” in the last sentence refers to “________”．
经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用
B．gradually D．completely
常识构词法
经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用
[示例3]
• His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on
B．The production of jazz growing faster.
C．Jazz being less popular with the young.
D．The jazz audience becoming larger.
经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，应当按照消费者的要求增加赔偿其受到的损失，增加赔偿的金额为消费者购买商品的价款或接受服务的费用
the cup and the rest of the line runs up—and out—the side of
the hole.
Next，cover the hole with the plastic sheet，securing the
edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet's center

专题-1高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧公开课

1. Definition 定义法：一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。 It will be very hard but very brittle — that is , it will break easily.
(adj. 易碎的, 脆的)
The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
◎ The period of adolescence,i.e.the period between childhood and adulthood ,may be long or short.
2. Contrast 对比法：利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。
表示对比的信号词有yet, but,while ,though however, otherwise, on the one hand…on the other hand, for one thing…for another thing, instead of 等。 Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented.
(adj. 大的)
因果关系
弹性的
混浊的
信号词: because, since, as, for, due to, so, therefore, so…that, such…that, thus Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic. The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.

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paragraph 2 refer to? A．The tube. C．The hole.
B．The still. D．The cup.
上下文线索构词法
Ⅱ Strategies
词义猜测题着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分（尤其是该词或短语前后的句子）进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。考查范围涉及单词意义理解、短语意义理解、句子意义理解或代词指代对象的确定等。一、常见设问方式
The underlined word in the second paragraph means “________”．
Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the
underlined word in the last paragraph?
翻译： ____①_a_d__v._回__来____②_v_._支__持___③__n_._后__面______________________
2. The people ①present at the party all ②presented him with a ③present, so he thinks they are friendly ④at present.
productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole.
Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in
the cup and the rest of the line runs up—and out—the side of
What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3
refer to? A．Jazz becoming more accessible.
上下文线索
B．The production of jazz growing faster.
C．Jazz being less popular with the young.
翻译： ___①__a_d_j_. _在_场__的____②_v_._赠__与___③__n_._礼__物___④__n_._现__在____________
二）语境法：上下文线索、逻辑关系、常识经验
[示例1]
Despite the celebrations，though，in the U．S. the jazz
3.The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken.
Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player
could never play the sport again. __永__久_的________
The underlined word “hunch” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by“________”． What does the phrase “knock off” in Paragraph 1 mean?
The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means “________”． The word “it” in the last sentence refers to “________”．
Center's artistic adviser for jazz，Moran hopes to widen the
audience for jazz，make the music more accessible，and
preserve its history and culture. (2017·全国卷Ⅰ·C)
with 45degreeangled sides. The low point of the sheet must be
centered directly over，and no more than three incheቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ above，
the cup. (2017·全国卷Ⅰ·D节选)
What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in
the hole.
Next，cover the hole with the plastic sheet，securing the
edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet's center
down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体)
animals. _动__物__学_家_______
2.1. He replied quickly, but after he considered the
problem more carefully, he regretted having made such a
hasty decision. __仓_促__的________
___派_生___法 1. mispronounce __误__读______ 2. container____容__器____ 3. unconditional__无__条__件__的__ ___合_成___法 1. push-button__按__钮______ 2. bookmark____书__签________ 3. by-product___副__产__品___ ___拼__缀__法 1. net, citizen_n_e_t_i_ze__n_网__民_ 2. costume, play_c_o_s_p_l_a_y_角__色_扮__演_ 3. automobile, home _a_u__to_m__e_流__动__住__宅__车__ ___转__化__法 1.“After she comes ①back, I’ll ②back her,” John said sitting at the ③back of the room.
D．The jazz audience becoming larger.
[示例2]
The objects around you are visible because they interact
with light. Light typically travels in a straight line. But
4.He strayed because of the darkness, and didn’t know
where he was. ___迷__路________
逻辑关系
上下文逻辑关系有解释关系、转折关系、因果关
系、并列关系等。通常句中会有明显的表示各种关系的连接词。
Ⅲ Practice
阅读理解
词义猜测题
Ⅰ Warming-up
To construct a working still，use a sharp stick or rock to dig
a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the
hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher's
some materials slow and scatter (散射) light, bouncing it
away from its original path. Others absorb light, stopping
it dead in its tracks. (2015·北京高考阅读C)
The underlined word “dead” in Paragraph 3 means
________. A．silently C．regularly
B．gradually D．completely
常识构词法
[示例3]
1.His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on
audience continues to shrink and grow older，and the
music has failed to connect with younger generations.
It's Jason Moran's job to help change that. As the Kennedy
二、干扰选项特征 1．字面解释的选项词义猜测题考的就是考生能不能结合文章其他信息来理解词句在具体语境中的意思，所以正确答案绝对不会是考查词句的字面解释。 2．与上下文结合不紧密的选项选项如果是上段、上上段或下段、下下段中的内容，是很难和所考查单词、词组或句子产生任何逻辑和语义关系的。
三、解题方法解答此类题型以及在阅读时遇到生词需要去推断其含义时，可以采用构词法或语境法。一）构词法：派生法（添加前缀或后缀）、合成法（两个或两个以上单词组合）、拼缀法（去头去尾法）、转化法（改变词性）。