现在完成时用法小结

现在完成时用法小结

（只摘抄黑体字部分，蓝体字只读不摘抄，第二种用法只学不摘抄）

现在完成时用来表示说话之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去,但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态。属于现在时态的范畴。其构成：助动词have (has) +过去分词。

肯定式:主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他。(当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have。过去分词:规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同;不规则动词需要特殊记忆。)

否定式:主语 + haven't/hasn't + 过去分词 + 其他。

疑问式: Have /Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他? 简略答语:

Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定)

No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定)

（一）表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

如： Have you read that story？

你读过那个故事吗？

（“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是：是否知道故事的内容。）

I have bought two apples．

我买了两个苹果。

（“买”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的结果是：拥有两个苹果。）

请朗读下面句子，体会现在完成时的含义。(以下句子摘抄两句)

1.I have finished my homework. ( My homework is done, I can do something else.)

2. She has seen the doctor. ( Now she knows what’s wrong with her.)

3. They have seen the film. ( Now they know what the film is about.)

4. Lily has lost her pen. ( Now she can’t see it.)

5. Have you found your watch? ( Do you have your watch now?)

6. Has the train arrived? ( Can we get on the train now?)

7. Has Jenny invited you to her party? ( Do you know her party? Will you go?)

8. I haven’t borrowed a book from the library. ( Now I don’t have a library book.)

9. Jim hasn’t read the story. ( He doesn’t know about the story.)

10. I have n’t washed my clothes. ( My clothes are still dirty.)

请将下面句子变成否定句，一般疑问句，并做肯定否定回答，同时体会各个句子的含义，领悟现在完成时的用法。（摘抄两个句子）

1.Jim has returned the book to the library.

2.I have bought a new pair of shoes.

3.The students have swept the floor.

4.I have told the teacher about it.

5.The train has left the station.

6.Jenny has turned off the lights.

7.My mother has cooked supper for us.

8. We have done our homework.

现在完成时的"完成用法"

现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在

情况具有因果关系。

现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的时间状语(如：already，yet，before，recently等)、频度时间状语(如：never，ever，once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如：this morning ／ month ／year...，today等)连用。现在完成时的时间状语

（1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday, in1990,three years ago等。

a.用副词already,yet和just。already“已经，”

一般用于肯定句中，yet“已经，还”一般用于

否定句和疑问句中。

如：We have already finished our homework.

（We have finished our homework already.）我们已完成作业了。

They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。

-Have you washed your clothes yet?

-No,not yet.

just “刚刚”,常用于肯定句.注意,just now是过去的时间状语,只能与过去时连用.

The train has just left.(It’s not here now.)

The train left just now.

I have just cleaned the room.

(The room is clean now.)

I cleaned the room just now.

b. 用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。如：

-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗？

-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。

c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just,before,up to now,the past few years等。例如：

I have seen her before,but I can not remember where.

我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。

He has been there three times the last few days. 近几年他去过那里三次了。

d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now,today,thismorning (month,year,

term)等。例如：