川大2016年874答案

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四川大学874计算机科学专业基础综合考研真题试题2017年

2017年设读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目:计算机科学专业基础综合科目代码:874试题共8页（答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题上不给分）数据结构与算法（65分）一.单项选择题（每小题2分，共17小题，共34分）1.如果在数据结构中每个数据元素只可能有一个直接前驱，但可以有多个直接后继，则该结构是（）A.栈B.队列C.树D.图2.通常说顺序表具有随机存取特性，指的是A.查找值为x的元素的时间与顺序表中元素个数n无关B查找值为x的元素的时间与顺序表中元素个数n有关C.查找序号为i的元素的时间与顺序表中元素个数n无关D.查找序号为i的元素的时间与顺序表中元素个数n有关3.链栈与顺序栈相比有一个明显的优点，即（）A.进栈操作更方便B.通常不会出现栈上溢出的情况C.总是不会出现栈空的情况D.出栈操作更方便4.折半查找的时间复杂性为（）A.O(n2)B.O(n)C.O(nlog2n)D.O(log2n)5.在待排序的元素序列基本有序的前提下效率最高的排序方法是（）A.选择排序B.插入排序C.快速排序D.归并排序6设无向连通图的顶点个数为n，则该图最少有（）条边。

A.nB.n/2C.n-1D.n(n-1)/27.一棵度为5.结点个数为n的树采用孩子链存储结构时，其中空指针域的个数是（）A.5nB.4n+1C.4nD.4n+18.用Prim算法求一个连通的带权图的最小代价生成树，在算法执行的某时刻，已选取的顶点集合U＝{1,2,3}，已选取的边的集合TE＝{(1,2),(2,3)}，要选取下一条权值最小的边，应当从（）组边中选取第1页。

川大自考考试题目及答案

川大自考考试题目及答案一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 以下哪个选项是四川大学的简称？A. 川大B. 川师C. 川农D. 川医答案：A2. 自考是指什么？A. 自主学习B. 自主招生C. 自学考试D. 自主创业答案：C3. 自考考试的组织机构是？A. 教育部B. 省教育厅C. 四川大学D. 地方教育局答案：B4. 自考考试的报名方式通常是什么？A. 现场报名B. 网络报名C. 电话报名D. 邮寄报名5. 自考考试的合格标准是什么？A. 60分B. 70分C. 80分D. 90分答案：A6. 自考考试的考试形式有哪些？A. 笔试B. 口试C. 实践操作D. 以上都是答案：D7. 自考考试的考试时间通常是？A. 每年1月和7月B. 每年4月和10月C. 每年6月和12月D. 每年3月和9月答案：B8. 自考考试的学历层次有哪些？A. 专科B. 本科C. 研究生D. 以上都是答案：D9. 自考考试的学历是否被国家承认？B. 否C. 部分承认D. 视情况而定答案：A10. 自考考试的学历能否用于考研？A. 能B. 不能C. 部分能D. 视情况而定答案：A二、多项选择题（每题3分，共15分）11. 自考考试的特点包括哪些？A. 灵活性B. 开放性C. 经济性D. 广泛性答案：ABCD12. 自考考试的报名条件通常包括？A. 年满18周岁B. 具有高中或同等学历C. 身体健康D. 无犯罪记录答案：ABCD13. 自考考试的学历可以用于哪些方面？A. 求职B. 考研D. 职称评定答案：ABCD14. 自考考试的考试科目通常包括？A. 公共课B. 专业课C. 选修课D. 实践课答案：ABCD15. 自考考试的考试形式中，哪些是常见的？A. 闭卷考试B. 开卷考试C. 论文答辩D. 技能测试答案：ABCD三、判断题（每题1分，共10分）16. 自考考试的学历与普通高校的学历具有同等效力。

（对）17. 自考考试的学历不能用于考研。

2016四川大学自主招生面试试题

2016四川大学自主招生面试试题店铺高考网为大家提供2016四川大学自主招生面试试题，更多高考资讯请关注我们网站的更新!2016四川大学自主招生面试试题6月11日，四川大学举行了2016年自主招生考试，其中，备受社会关注的针对偏才、怪才的“双特生”考试也同时进行。

多位来自全国的考生，带着自己的学科特长，参加和老师面对面的考核。

之前通过了川大自主招生资格审查的学生有2000余名。

本次考试该校用于自主招生的名额控制在招生总计划的5%以内，约有450个名额。

对于考核结果“出类拔萃”并已取得一定专业成就的学生，学校可以给予一本线下30分的优惠政策。

四川大学2016年自主招生的学生共分为“国家试点学院、双特生、学科特长计划”三类。

全程监控保证全过程无人为操作可能在该校自主招生面试现场，一名报考生命科学院的学生正站在讲台上做答，一边陈述其观点，一边在黑板上演算着。

在位于川大东二教一楼的一间教室里，可以实时观看面试现场的视频。

四川大学教务处处长张红伟介绍，学生笔试和面试都在标准化考场的教室进行，实行全程视频监控，录音录像。

为了保证面试公开公平公正，考核专家进行了考前培训，参与面试的老师是在学生入场前随机抽取的。

学生被随机分组，现场抽取问题。

面试方式每一个面试小组有三至五名专家成员，各自给学生打分，相互之间不干扰。

面试结束以后，所有学生的成绩向社会公开，确保整个测试过程没有人为操作的可能性。

面试试题生命科学院面试：“多肉植物为什么长得呆萌”的问题，考生答题：“多肉植物大都长在严寒、沙漠这样的极端气候里，由于细胞生长集中，所以体型小，叶子大都呈椭圆形生长，这有利于减少水分蒸发……”外国语学院面试题：如何看待“A4腰代表身材好”这个观点;如何看待魏则西事件;中文系：喜欢看哪一本武侠小说。

据考生介绍，试题涵盖面很广，而且与时事结合紧密。

《二十四史》的第一史和最后一史分别是什么?据该校介绍，这样出题，是希望通过开放性问题来考查学生的思维能力和综合素质。

2016四川大学研究生分析测试真题与答案

一、2dsin θ=λ
多晶体单位长度衍射环的累积强度——衍射峰高低不同的原因
① D e P F I 2-2)(⋅⋅⋅=θϕ相对
二
A 暗场像：让光阑孔套住hkl 斑点，而把透射束挡掉得到衍射图像衬度的方法成的像（衍射束成像）
b: 明场像：让透射束通过物镜光阑而把衍射束挡掉得到图像衬度的方法成的像（透射成像） C 入射电子束相对衍射晶面倾斜角，此时衍射斑将移到透镜的中心位置，该衍射束通过物镜光栏形成的衍衬像称为中心暗场成像。

明场像衬度：0I I I I I I I hkl A B A A =-=∆；暗场像衬度：0
-hkl A B A A I I I I I I =-=∆ ；从以上两个式子可以看出暗场像的衬度比明场像的衬度高。

2016年川大汉语国际教育考研真题回忆版

为学生引路，为学员服务
2016年川大汉语国际教育考研真题回忆
版
一，填空题:
1.语音的四个物理属性
2.不刊之论中刊的意思，走马观花中走的意思
3.i和v的发音区别，v和u的发音区别
二，不定项选择题
1.划分词类的三个标准
2.下列是谓宾动词的是：（驾驭，希望，同意，讨论）
3.高堂明镜悲白发，朝如青丝暮如雪除了用对偶还有（比喻，夸张，移就，拟人）
4.书，辆，树不是什么名词（抽象名词，集合名词，个体名词，物质名词）
5.下列属于儿化区别词义的是（花和花儿盖和盖儿狗和狗儿，还有一对搞忘了）
6.去，来是什么动词（趋向动词，动作动词，还有两个忘记了）
三，判断题
不及物动词就是不能带宾语的动词
四，汉字能力
出的笔顺，闻的声旁，函的第八笔，鹿的第八笔
五，找出成语中的错别字。

并行不背纭纭众生飞扬跋扈
六，哥哥中g的浊音。

薄情中薄的拼音。

七，词义辨析
怎么和怎样，别人和人家
八，各，每，些的词性
第1页共1 页。

四川大学201515年874计算机真题解析

数据结构：1.D 删除尾元素需找到其前驱节点，故需遍历链表。

循环双链表找到目标节点的时间复杂度为O(1)。

2.B 空间复杂度概念题，查阅王道绪论。

3.C 顺序结构的存取性质，概念题。

参见王道第二章4.C 五个序列为：62354 62534 65234 26534 263545.B 王道原题，第一个元素是n,第二个元素是n-1，以此类推。

6.C 按行优先存储，故应该为A[3][5]为第四行第六个元素，每个占据4个存储空间。

故其应该是第三十六个元素，取存储单元的第一个，综上35*4+860=10007.D 首先根据后序序列得出C是根节点，其次再根据中序序列可知C的右子树为空。

在后续剩下的节点中(DABE)可知E是左子树的根节点，在中序中参照上述逻辑可将(DEBA)分为左右子树。

以此类推即可得出答案，参见下图。

8.B 带入公式即可。

记忆题9.C 题干没有固定，随意选择。

现选择Prime算法，过程如下图10.A 完全二叉树中，度为一的节点个数，要么为0要么为1.又n0=n2+1，即可求出n1=0.11.A Y是叶子节点，访问Y之后，应返回它的父节点，即为X。

12.B 哈夫曼树没有度为1的节点，又n0=n2+1，n0+n2=199.哈夫曼树的编码字符，即为求n0节点个数。

综上可得。

13.D 此题即为求判定树的树高，直接代入公式。

[log2(100)]+1 ([ ]符号为向下取整)14.C A选项，B树才会引起分裂整合。

B选项，应对其进行中序遍历。

C选项，正确。

D选项，若每个节点只有左或者右子树(一条斜线)，就会退化成线性结构，此时时间复杂度为O(n)15.B16.A17.D H(23)=6,T[6]=57,故采取二次探测，根据二次探测的序列1,-1,4,-4…….（平方），可得。

18.B 408原题。

王道树和森林课后习题综合应用题1.用快速排序可以实现找第k小的数，时间复杂度为O(n)。

#define Max 100int Search(int a[],int n,int k)//快速排序寻找数组中第k小的元素{int low,high,i,j,t;k--;low=0;high=n-1;do{i=low;j=high;t=a[low];//将a[low]作为枢轴元素do{while(i<j&&t<a[j])//若当前元素大于枢轴元素t，则将j向左移动比较下一元素{j--;}if(i<j)//若当前元素小于或等于t,则将当前元素存入a[j];{a[i++]=a[j];}while(i<j&&t>=a[i])//若当前元素小于或等于枢轴元素t,则将i向右移动比较下一元素{i++;}if(i<j)//若当前元素大于枢轴元素,则将元素存入a[j];{a[j--]=a[i];}}while(i<j);a[i]=t;//枢轴元素存入a[i];if(i==k)//若找到第k小元素结束循环{break;}if(i<k)//说明查找的元素在右半部分{low=i+1;}else//说明查找的元素在左半部分{high=i-1;}}while(i!=k);return a[k];//返回第k小元素的值}也可以利用堆排序求解：先建立小顶堆，然后输出k个最小的元素。

2016四川大学874计算机考研真题

2016年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目:计算机科学专业基础综合科目代码:874＃适用专业:计算机科学与技术.计算机应用技术.计算机技术.软件工程（试题共9页）（答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题上不给分）数据结构与算法分析（共65分）一.单项选择题（每小题2分，共18小题，共36分）1.程序段for(i=n-1;>=1;--i)for(j=i;j<i;++j)if(A[j])ali与al+1对换;其中n为正整数，则最后一行的语句最多执行（）次。

A.O(n)B.O(n2)C.O(n3)D.O(nlogn)2.将两个有N个元素的有序表归并成一个有序表，其最少比较次数为（）。

A.NB.2NC.N-1D.2N-23.下列编码中属前缀编码的是（）A.｛1，01，000，001｝B.｛0，1，00，11C.｛0，10，110，11｝D.｛1，01，011，010｝4.在具有n个结点的有序单链表中插入一个新结点并使链表仍然有序的时间复杂度是（）A.O(1)BO(n) C.O(nlogn) D.O(n2)5.若用一个不带头结点的循环单链表表示队列，则最好用（）标识链队。

A.首结点指针B尾结点指针C.首结点和尾结点两个指针D任何结点指针6.一个10阶对称矩阵A[1...10,1...10]采用压缩存储方式，将其下三角和主对角部分按行优先存储到一维数组B[1...m]中，则A[5][8]元素在B中的位置k是（）。

A.32B.37C.45D.607.下列排序算法中元素的移动次数和关键字的初始排列次序无关的是（）A.直接插入排序B.起泡排序C.快速排序D.基数排序8.采用邻接矩阵表示一个具有n个顶点m条边的无向图，该矩阵的大小是（）。

A.2n*2mB.m*mC.n*mD.n*n9.设某哈夫曼树中有199个结点，则该哈夫曼树中有（）个叶子结点。

A.99B.100C.101D.10210.以下关于广度优先遍历算法的叙述中正确的是A.广度优先历算法不适合有向图。

四川大学874计算机科学专业基础综合考研真题试题2018年

2018年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目:计算机科学专业基础综合科目代码:874（试题共8页）（答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题上不给分）数据结构与算法（65分）一、单项选择题（每小题2分，共17小题，共34分1.下面关于“算法”的描述，错误的是（）A.算法必须是正确的B.算法必须要能够结束C.一个问题可以有多种算法解决D.算法的某些步骤可以有二义性2.下面函数的时间复杂度是（）void func(int n){int sum＝0,i, j;for(i＝1; i<n; i++)for(j＝1; j<n; j*＝2)sum++;A.O(log2n)B.O(n2)C.(n log2n)D.O(n)3.下面关于线性表的叙述中，错误的是（）A.线性表采用顺序存储，必须占用一片连续的存储单元B.执行查找操作时，链式存储比顺序存储的查找效率更高。

C.线性表采用链式存储，不必占用一片连续的存储单元。

D.线性表采用链式存储，便于插入和删除操作。

4.设一个链表最常用的操作是在末尾插入结点和删除尾结点，则选用（）最节省时间A.单链表B.带头指针的单循环链表C.带尾指针的单循环链表D带头结点的双循环链表5.一个栈的输入序列为1，2，3，....，n，若输出序列的第一个元素是n，则输出的第i (1<=i<=n)个元素是（）A.不确定B.n-i+1C.iD.n-i6.若一棵完全二叉树有666个结点，则该二叉树中叶子结点的个数是（）A.156B.155C.333D.3347.对于下列关键字序列，不可能构成某二叉查找树中一条查找路径的序列是（）A.99，28，86，36，94，65B.97，18，89，34，76，42C.16，91，68，29，33，50D.21，27，80，76，29，398.下述二叉树中，哪一种满足性质:从任一结点出发到根的路径上所经过的结点序列按其关键字有序（）A.二叉查找树B.哈夫曼树C.AVL树D.堆9.在右图的AVL树中插入关键字18后得到一棵新AVL树，在新AVL树中，关键字11所在结点的左、右孩子结点中保存的关键字分别是（）A.7，16 C.9，26B.9，18 D.7，1810.将一棵树T1转化为对应的二叉树T2，则T1后序遍历序列是T2的（）序列A.前序遍历B.中序遍历C.后序追历D.层次遍历11.当各边上的权值（）时，BFS算法可用来解决单源最短路径问题A.均相等B.均互不相等C.较小D.以上都不对12.已知有向图G=(V,E)，其中V={V2,V3,V4,V5,V6,V7}，E={<V1,V2>,<V1,V3>,<V1,V4>,<V2,V5>,<V3,V5>,<V3,V6>,<V4,V6>,<V5,V7>,<V6,V7>}，则G的一个拓扑序列（）A.V1，V3，V2，V6，V4，V5，V7B.V1，V3，V4，V6，V2，V5，V7C.V1，V3，V4，V5，V2，V6，V7D.V1，V2，V5，V3，V4，V6，V713.采用Kruskal算法求右图的最小生成树时，依次选择的边是（）A.(a,b)(b,c)(c,d)(d,f)(a,e)B.(d,f)(c,d)(b,c)(a,b)(a,e)C.(a,b)(b,c)(d,f)(c,d)(a,d)D.(a,b)(d,f)(b,c)(c,d)(a,e)14.设哈希表长为13，哈希函数是H（key）=key％13，表中已有关键字18，39，75，93共四个，现要将关键字为70的结点加到表中，用伪随机探测再散列法解决冲突，使用的伪随机序列为5，8，3，9，7，1，6，4，2，11，13，21则放入的位置是（A.8B.11C.7D.515.一棵高度为3的3阶B树，至少含有（）个关键字A.12B.10C.7D.都不是16.在下列排序算法中，哪一个算法的时间复杂度与数据的初始排列无关（）A.直接插入排序B.希尔排序C.快速排序D.基数排序17.数据表中有10000个元素，如果仅要求求出最大的3个元素，则采用（）算法最节省时间A.堆排序B.希尔排序C.快速排序D.直接选择排序二、综合应用题（18-20题，共31分18.（10分）对于一个字符集中具有不同权值的字符进行Huffman编码时，如果已知某个字符的Huffman 编码为0101，对于其他无字符的Huffman编码，请分析说明:（1）具有哪些特征的编码是不可能的（2）具有哪些特征的编码是一定会有的19.（10分）设有向图用邻接表表示，图有n个顶点，表示为0至n-1，试写一个算法求顶点k的入度（0＜＝k＜n）20.（11分）二叉树结点的平衡因子（bf）定义为该结点的左子树高度与右子树高度之差。

四川大学2016独家真题

四川大学2016年博士研究生英语入学考试试题考生请注意：1.本试题共5大题，共11页，请考生注意检杏.考试时间为180分钟2. 1-70题答案请填写在机读卡相应处，否则不给分。

3.翻译和作文题答在答题纸上，答在试题上不给分。

书写要求字迹消楚、工整。

I. Reading Comprehension (30%; one mark each)Directions: Read the following six passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneWhen a person begins a mediatedor immediate encounter, he already stands in some kind of social relationship to the others concerned, and expects to stand in a given relationship to them after the particular encounter ends. This, of course, is one of the ways in which social contacts are geared into the wider society. Much of the activity occurring during an encounter can be understood as an effort on everyone’s part to get through the occasion and all the unanticipated and unintentional events that can cast participants in an undesirable light, without disrupting the relationships of the participants. And if relationships are in the process of change，the object will be to bring the encounter to a satisfactory close without altering the expected course of development. The perspective nicely accounts, for example, for the little ceremonies of greeting and farewell which occur when people begin a conversational encounter or depart from one. Greetings provide a way of showing that a relationship is still what it was at the termination of the previous co-participation, and, typically, that this relationship involves sufficient suppression of hostility for the participants temporarily to drop their guards and talk. Farewells sum up the effect of the encounter upon the relationship and show what the participants may expect of one another when they next meet. The enthusiasm of greetings compensates for the weakening of the relationship caused by the absence just terminated, while the enthusiasm of farewells compensates the relationship for the harm that is about to be done to it by separation.It seems to be a characteristic obligation of many social relationships that each of the members guarantees to support a given face for the other members in given situations. To prevent disruption of these relationships, it is therefore necessarily for each member to avoid destroying the others’ face. At the same time, it is often the person’s social relationship with others that leads him to participate in certain encounters with them, where incidentally he will be dependent upon them for supporting his face. Furthermore, in many relationships, the members come to share a face, so that in the presence of third parties an improper act on the part of one member becomes a source of acute embarrassment to the other members. A social relationship, then, can be seen as a way in which the person is more than ordinarily forced to trust his self-image and face to the tact and good conduct of others.1 .The last word of the first sentence, nam ely “ends' is most likely B .[A] a noun, meaning “purposes” or “objectives”[B] a verb, meaning “comes to a finish”[C] a postpositional adjective, me aning “finishing”[D] an adjective, meaning “purposeful”2. According to the author, if any unexpected difficulties occur in a social contact,B .[A] the relationships between the participants break up[B] those who participate will be in an unintentional event[C] all participants would try to maintain their relationships|D] the participants will certainly get through an activity3. Which of the following is NOT an idea of the author? C[A] The participants hope their relationship would be the same as they met last.[B] Greetings are just as important as farewells in a social encounter.[C] Before every greeting there is always sufficient hostility to suppress.[D] If their relationship changes, the participants want it to change as they hoped.4. The last sentence of the second paragraph means that . A[A] one’s self-image is dependent on how others behave[B] face and self-image are two different kinds of relationships[C] social relationship is something that is forced on all participants[D] to get along well with others is a process of giving each other face5. The best title for this passage may well be . A[A] Face and Social Relationship [B] How to Conduct Socially[C] Greetings and Farewells [D] Conversational SociologyPassage Two（Tips:出现人名字的地方用笔圈出来，数字用笔圈出来）The poet William Blake wrote in the early nineteenth century: “Great things are done when men and mountains meet.”Great things indeed were done on Mount Everest in May of 1996. Also poignant things, foolish things, deadly things：Hundreds of climbers from eleven different expeditions were on the mountain ---- thirty-one near the summit ---- when a freakish and fierce-some storm blew in. Eight climbers perished, the highest one-day death toll since the first expedition tried to reach the top of the world’s tallest peak in 1921.Adventurers have always sought challenges: deeper jungles, wider oceans, newer worlds. But mountains have been special. Perhaps it’s their size, the ir power, their resistance to conquest. InPatrick Mey ers’s play K2, a marooned climber on the Himalaya peak that gives the play its name delivers this li ne: “Mountains are metaphors.” And so they are. Climbers search not just for summits but also for themselves. They reach up to reach in.That helps explain why Everest has been enveloped by “Mountain Madness，”the name of a Seattle company that offers guided tours of the peak for about $65,000 (plus airfare to Nepal). New technology and equipment have also helped: lighter gear, warmer clothing, better radios and telephones. And the adventure can be shared, practically in real time, with Internet browsers around the world.But the community of high-mountain explorers now is gripped by soul-searching and second-guessing. Everest, after all, is not a theme peak. Some of the dead were experienced guides who lost their lives trying to save less agile amateurs. Said Mark Bryant, editor of Outside Magazines:“Some of us have been asking: Is it right that an average climber can order an ascent of Everest out of a catalog?” An Australian mountaineer, Tim McCartney-Snape, told the Associated Press: “Some things should remain sacred, and Everest is one of them. Even the strongest and toughest have found it can be extremely difficult just existing at that altitude, without other people depending on you.On Everest, dependency can lead to heroism and to tragedy. One frostbitten amateur, Seaborne Weathers of Dallas, was plucked from a rocky ledge at 22,000 feet by a Nepalese army helicopter — an act of incredible bravery. And Rob Hall, a guide who had climbed Everest several times, stayed on its slope with a dying customer. After learning they were hopelessly trapped, Hall managed to place a satellite telephone call to his pregnant wife, Jan, in New Zealand. “Hey, look,” he told her, “don’t worry about me.” At that moment, Hall remembered Harold, the character in K2 who muses: “Understanding has no meaning. Holding on, just holding on, that has meaning. Like Harold, he knew the mountain was still a mountain. Still a goal. Still a dream. And he couldn’t hold on. Rob Hall died before rescuers could reach him.6. Which of the following statements best describes the author’s point of view?[A] Amateurs should not be encouraged to climb Mount Everest.[B] Guided tours of Mount Everest have become a source of enormous profits.[C] In the past, Mount Everest has made heroes out of ordinary men and women.[D] Mount Everest should remain a metaphor to be talked about.7. The sentence “They reach up to reach in”may be best paraphrased by “”[A] To know the inherent meaning of a mountain, one needs to climb up to the top[B] In conquering the mountain, one finds a proof of oneself[C] Mountaineers must climb upward in order to climb inside it[D] One needs to climb up to the top to see why a mountain is metaphorical8. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT .[A] Mountain climbing can have a live report simultaneously[B] Mountaineers can be located instantly during their climbing[C] New technology significantly reduces risks and dangers in mountain climbing {D} It is more dangerous to have someone depending on you during mountain climbing9. In the last paragraph,Harold’s saying “Understanding has no meaning” means.[A] determination is more vital than thinking[B] persistence and action require reasoning[C] one should avoid misunderstanding the situation[D] it is meaningless to think in mountaineering10. Most likely, the author of this passage is .. [A] a historian[B] a mountaineer[C] a tourist guide [D] a reporterPassage 3The Hertz Corporation, the U.S. Air Force, Hyatt Hotels Corporation, the City of Dallas, and the Neiman-Marcus Group, Inc., have one thing in common----all have purchased the services of Feedback Plus. Feedback Plus is an agency that dispatches profe ssional shoppers who pose as customers. These “mystery” shoppers visit the client’s business, purchase products or services and report back to the client on the quality of service they receive. The City of Dallas hired Feedback Plus to see how car-pound employees treat citizens picking up their cars. The Air Force is using professional shoppers to assess customer service at their on-base supply stores. Banks, hospitals, and public utilities are also hiring mystery shoppers. Vickie Henry, chief executive of Feedback Plus, notes that many similar firms compete for client’s business, and service really differentiates one firm from another. Although Henry has a database of 8,800 people who serve as professional shoppers, she sometimes assumes the role of mystery shopper herself. During a recent visit to an upscale women's apparel store, she observed the type of customer service most companies attempt to avoid. None of the many salespeople on the sales floor said hello when she entered the store. When she removed a skirt from a clothing rack, none of the salespeople approached her. Finally, several minutes after entering the store, Henry approached a salesperson and asked to use the dressing room. Needless to say, service at this firm did not receive high marks from Feedback Plus.As organizations experience increased competition for clients, patients, and customers, awareness of the importance of public contact increases. They are giving new attention to the old adage “First impressions are lasting impressions.” Re search indicates that initial impressions do indeed tend to linger. Therefore, a positive first impression can set the stage for a long-term relationship.We are indebted to Susan Bixler, president of Professional Image, Inc., and author of Professional Presence, for giving us a better understanding of what it means to possess professional presence. Professional presence is a dynamic blend of poise, self-confidence, control and style that empowers us to be able to command respect in any situation. Once acquired, it permits us to be perceived as self-assured and thoroughly competent. We project a confidence that others can quickly perceive the first time they meet us.Bixler points out that, in most cases, the credentials we present during a job interview or when we are being considered for a promotion are not very different from those of other persons being considered, [t is oar professional presence that permits us to rise above the crowd. Debra Benton, a career consultant, says, “Any boss with a choice of two people with equal qualifications will choose the one with style as well as substance.” Learning to create a professional presence is one of the most valuable skills we can acquire.The development of professional presence begins with a full appreciation ofthe power of first impressions. The tendency to form impressions quickly at the time of an initial meeting illustrates what social psychologists call a primacy effect in the way people perceive one another. The general principle is that first impressions establish the mental framework within which a person is viewed, and later evidence is either ignored or reinterpreted to coincide with this framework.11. For all of the following walks of life EXCEPT the the professional presence has beendiscussed in this passage.[A] economic [B] military[C] academic [D] medical12. The underlined word “apparel” in the first paragraph means ““[A] apparatus [B] cosmetics[C] clothing [D] specialty13. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?[A] No first impressions would ever change in the later contacts.[B] How one composes oneself determines how one is evaluated by others.[C] Social psychology is a science that stipulates the principles for social behaviors.[D] Opportunities in jobs or promotions are for those who differ from their competitors.14. The underlined word : “poise” in the third paragraph means:[A] proper comportment [B]desirable position[C] careful pause [D] positive assurance15. Which of the following is likely to be the title of this article?[A] The Power of First Impression[B] The Primacy Effect in Marketing[C] Social Psychology in Business[D] The Importance of FeedbackPassage FourYou can’t drive if you’re blind, or blind drunk, but an alarming number of Americans find themselves, at least occasionally, driving in a blind rage. “It’s a major social issue，”says Dr. Ricardo Martinez, administrator of the National Highway Traffic Safe ty Administration. “A 3,000-pound car in the hands of rude, hostile person is a lethal weapon.”A report on “road rage” to be released this week by the American Automobiles Association concluded that “motorists ... are increasingly being shot, stabbed, beaten, and run over for i nane reasons.” And inanity is not confined to young louts in “Baywatch” T-shirt: young men are by far the most common perpetrators, but middle-aged men and women can be equally big jerks. The most common manifestation of road rage was aggressive tailgating, followed by headlight flashing, “obscene gestures”, blocking other vehi cles, and verbal abuse. Drivers have been assaulted with weapons ranging from partially eaten burritos to canes (“a favorite with the elderly and disabled”）to golf clubs ---- and other vehicles, including buses, bulldozers, forklifts, and military tanks. “In terms of fatal crashes, drunks are a muchbigger menace,”says David Willis, president of the AAA Foundation of Traffic Safety. “But the average motorist doesn’t encounter a drunk very often, while in a place like Washington, D.C., at least once a week yo u’ll have an encounter with some crazy guy on the road.”Naturally, the phenomenon has given rise to its own therapeutic movement, whose leading practitioner is a Whittier, California, psychologist named Arnold Nerenburg. Nerenburg, who calls himself “America’s Road Rage Therapist”, has identified four stimuli that provoked road rage. The most common is feeling endange red by someone else’s driving --- for example, when another driver cuts you off or follows too closely. Others are resentment at being forced to slow down, righteous indignation at someone who breaks traffic rules or steals your parking space and ----perhaps the most dangerous, because it opens the door to an escalating exchange of hostilities ----anger at another driver who takes his own road rage out on you.The fact that most drivers are mutual strangers contributes to the volatility of highway confrontations. “There’s a deep psychological urge to release aggre ssion against an anonymous other,” Nerenburg says.Road-rage therapy tends toward the common-sensical---- “Take a deep breath and just let it go,” Nerenburg recommends. But it might help to consider that you might not be all that anonymous to the other driver. One of his patients realized the depth of his problem after he yelled an obscenity at the woman in the next car ----who turned out to be his boss s wife.16 .Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?[A] More and more Americans are using their cars to express their anger.[B] Old people and women are milder in temperament during driving.[C] Common sense might be the basis for overcoming road rage.[D] If people know each other, road rage would not happen.17. According to American Automobile Association, thepeople are more likely than all the others to be road-angered.[A] young [B] middle-aged[C]old [D] handicapped18. Which of the following is a justifiable cause for road rage, according to Dr. Nerenburg?[A] Another driver fails to observe a traffic law.[B] The parking space is occupied by another car.[C] The lane is taken by a slowly-moving car.[D] Another driver flashes the head-light.19. The underlined word “lethal” in the first paragraph means:[A] powerful[B] illegal[C] dangerous[D] deadly20. What might be the deep problem that one of Nerenburg’s patients had realized?[A] He faces a lawsuit of sex harassment.[B] He is in danger of being fired.[C] He will be fined by traffic police.[D] He falls ill and has to see a doctor.Passage FiveMost people, asked if they can think without -speech, would probably answer, “Yes, but it is not easy for me to do so. Still I know it can be done.” Language is but a garment! But what if language is not so much a garment as a prepared road or groove? It is, indeed, in the highest degree likely that language is an instrument originally put to uses lower than the conceptual plane and that thought arises as a refined interpretation of its content. The product grows, in other words, with the instrument and the thought may be no more conceivable, in its genesis and daily practice, without speech than is mathematical reasoning practicable without the lever of an appropriate mathematically symbolism. No one believes that even the most difficult mathematical proposition is inherently dependent on an arbitrary set of symbols, but it is impossible to suppose that the human mind is capable of arriving at or holding such a proposition without the symbolism.The writer, for one, is strongly of the opinion that the feeling entertained by so many that they can think, or even reason, without language is an illusion. The illusion seems to be due to a number of factors. The simplest of these is the failure to distinguish between imagery and thought. As a matter of fact, no sooner do we try to put an image into conscious relation with another than we find ourselves slipping into a silent flow of words. Thought may be a natural domain apart from the artificial one of speech, but speech would seem to the only road we know of that leads to it.21. In the first line, the underlined phrase can best be replaced by[A] most of the people [B] more people[C] more than one people [D] many people22. In line 3, the word ‘groove” is probably closest in meaning to[A] later growth [B] designated slot[C] particular path [D] ready-made viaduct23. Which of the following statements would the author of the passage agree?[A] Thought came into being earlier than language[B] It is language that makes conceptual thought possible[C] Thought is no different from mathematics because it depends on symbolism[D] Both thought and language are the interpretation of propositions.24. Which of the following statements is true according to the author?[A] The imagery is the precondition of thought[B] Thought has to be bore in words.[C] Imagery is an explanation of words.[D] Once we use words, we make mistakes.25. The idea of this passage is held by[A]some people including the writer.[B] the writer himself alone[C] most people but the writer[D] one of the people other than the writerPassage SixStrikes and strikebreaking, lockouts and boycotts, all pit one side against the other in labor disputes. Ultimately, the negative effects of such actions ---- including resentment, fear, and distrust ---- linger for months or years after a dispute has been resolved.Increasingly, more productive techniques such as mediation and arbitration are being used to settle disagreements between labor and management. Either one may come into play before a labor contract expires or after some other strategy, such as a strike, has proven ineffective.Mediation is the use of a neutral third party to assist management and the union during their negotiations. This third party (the mediator) listens to both sides, trying to find common ground for agreement. The mediator also tries to encourage communication between the two sides to promote compromise, and generally keep the negotiation moving. Initially, the mediator may meet privately with each side. Eventually, however, the goal is to get the two sides to settle their differences at the bargaining table.Unlike mediation, the arbitration step involves a formal hearing. Just as it may be the final step in a grievance procedure, it may also be used in contract negotiations when the two sides cannot agree on one or more issues. At this point, the arbitrator hears the formal positions of both parties on outstanding, unresolved issues. The arbitrator then analyzes these positions and makes a decision on the possible resolution of the issues. If both sides have agreed in advance that the arbitration will be binding, that means they must accept the arbitrator’s decision.If mediation and arbitration are unsuccessful, then according to the Taft-Hartley Act, the president of the United States can obtain a temporary injunction to prevent or to stop a strike if it would endanger national health or security.26. According to the author, with the solution of a labor crisis[A] the tension between labor and management can continue[B] labor and management do not trust each other any more[C] the negative effect of actions like strike would be resolved[D] a long time is needed to bring the dispute to an end27. To resolve a labor dispute, one should[A] resort to mediation or arbitration from the start[B] make sure that the labor contract expires[C] take other steps before going to mediation or arbitration[D] strike first and then accept mediation or arbitration28. Which of the following is true of mediation?[A] The mediator makes final decisions after meeting with both sides.[B] To avoid bias, the mediator cannot meet either side in advance.[C] The primary task is to help both sides bargain with each other.[D] The mediator can be a representative from either the labor or the management.29. The pre-condition for an arbitration to be authoritative is that[A] both sides agree in advance to abide by the decision made[B] a formal hearing must be conducted just like in a court trial[C] the decision is focused on the most outstanding and unresolved issues[D] there is no bargaining allowed by arbitration，unlike mediation30. In the last sentence, the underlined word “injunction” most likely refers to[A] a formal declaration [B] a subpoena [C] a lawsuit protocol [D] an official orderVI Vocabulary (10%; 0-5 mark each)31. Dr. Norman Bethune came from Canada to help the Chinese people in their war against Japanese aggression.[A] in the way [B] all the way [C] along the way [D] by the way32. Throughout history, he who knows the art of war uses force only as the last[A] resort [B] rescue [C] refrain [D] recant33. After a careful investigation and evaluation，the city hall decided to the old house.[A] dismantle [B] destroy [C] demolish [D] delineate34. The monument was so small that it appears to be more for than for memorial.[A] significance [B] indifference [C] oblivion [D] memory35. Millions of years ago the Vesuvian volcano destroyed Pompeii, but today it is[A] dormant [B] Pacifying [C] ignited [D] pictured36. Because humans have to talk about the limitless world by means of limited language sounds, there is a great between the world and language.[A] apathy [B]anomaly [C] asymmetry [D] agnosticism37. If an organism is quite successful in getting used with the environment that is new to it, we say that the organism is very[A] agile [B] adjustable [C] adoptive [D] adaptive38. When we do Planning, we Should take a11 relevant factors into consideration in order to as much as possible the difficult cases or even failures.[A] forestall [B] forerun [C] foretell [D] forecast39. is the practice of putting yourself in a position of another person in order to understand his/her feelings.[A] affectionate [B]empathy[C] pathology [D] affiliation40. In schools and universities, some courses are compulsory, which one has to take, while the others are( ) , either freely of as required.[A] optimal [B] opaque [C] optical [D] optional41. When one applies for a job position, one needs to ( ) one's resume, describing one's educational as well as working experiences.[A] submit [B] subject [C] submerge [D] subside42. As industry grew，so ( ) did the need for more and more skilled industrial workers.[A] much[B] as to[C] too[D] as for43. The rescue team worked hard to search for the missing mountaineers,( ) the heavy and icy snowstorm.[A] in spite [B] despite [C] although [D] disregard44. “Breaking Bad” is the most thrilling TV drama series ( ) I have watched in several years.[A] as [B] what [C] which [D] that45. The revised feasibility report handed in by the draft team is good enough, ( )a few spelling errors on some pages.[A] except for [B] except that [C] excepting [D] except46. It is mandatory that the engineering project ( ) accomplished by the end of this year.[A] is [B] has been [C] be[D] will be47. ( ) the advice from the councilor, we would not have finished the task so smoothly.[A] out of [B] what with [C] but for [D] instead of48. The traffic accident has claimed 5 lives, the cause of which is still ( ) investigation.[A] under [B] beyond [C] for [D] beneath49. Even though the bell for dismissing class has rung，the teacher is still talking ( )[A] over [B] forward [C] off [D] away50. Since the negotiation with the management has come to a deadlock, the worker's union decide to take ( ) the street.[A] to [B] over [C] down [D] away withIII Cloze (10%; 0.5 mark each)In the last decade, giving birth at home has become an increasingly popular option for some couples. Assisted by a physician or a nurse-midwife，many women have successfully given birth at home (51) A to healthy babies. In fact, some studies indicate that ―一for (52)<C>uncomplicated pregnancies --- home delivery is as safe as hospital delivery. (53) [B] Advocates of home birth argue that the atmosphere in a hospital --- with all its forbidding machines，rules, regulations, and general lack of “homeyness”---- is stressful. (54) [B] Therefore ，giving birth in a hospital detracts from what should be a joyous, natural human experience. Supporters of home birth further argue that hospitals are (55) [C] meant to deal with illness and that the delivery of a baby should not be viewed as an illness.On the other side of the argument, critics of home birth argue that if emergency medical (56) [A] procedures are necessary, giving birth at home may be (57) [B] downright dangerous. Furthermore, hospital practices in labor and delivery have changed (58) [D] radically in the last decade, particularly with the increased popularity of the Lamaze method. Thus hospitals are not the strange, forbidding environments they once were. (59) [A] Most hospitals, for example, allow fathers to be present (60) [A] at the entire labor and delivery, and many allow the father to be present (61) [A] in the operating room during the cesarean deliveries. Many hospitals have (62) [D] altogether created birth centers, homelike rooms with comfortable beds and armchairs, that allow labor and delivery to (63) [C] occur in a。

四川大学2016年博士入学英语考试真题与答案解析

四川大学·2016年·博士入学英语考试真题与答案解析————————————————————————————————————————完形填空Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 1 the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer’s piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives. This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer，that there is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright. Intelligence，it 5，is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep，burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning—a 7 process—instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn，and one of the things they‘ve apparently learned is when to 8 。

Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence？That’s the question behind this new research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the species we ‘ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise，it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own intelligence might be. This is 12 the mind of every animal I’ve ever met. Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner，14 ，is running a small cale study in operant conditioning. We believe that 15 animals ran the labs，they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience，our faithfulness，our memory for terrain. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17 ，not merely how much of it there is. 18 ，they would hope to study a 19 question：Are humans actually aware of the world they live in？20 the results are inconclusive. 1. ［A］Suppose［B］Consider［C］Observe［D］Imagine 2. ［A］tended［B］feared［C］happened［D］threatened 3. ［A］thinner［B］stabler［C］lighter［D］dimmer 4. ［A］tendency［B］advantage［C］inclination［D］priority 5. ［A］insists on［B］sums up［C］turns out［D］puts forward 6. ［A］off ［B］behind［C］over［D］along 7. ［A］incredible［B］spontaneous［C］inevitable［D］gradual 8. ［A］fight［B］doubt［C］stop［D］think 9. ［A］invisible［B］limited［C］indefinite［D］different 10. ［A］upward［B］forward［C］afterward［D］backward 11. ［A］features［B］influences［C］results［D］costs 12. ［A］outside［B］on［C］by［D］across 13. ［A］deliver［B］carry［C］perform［D］apply 14. ［A］by chance［B］in contrast［C］as usual［D］for instance 15. ［A］if［B］unless［C］as［D］lest 16. ［A］moderate［B］overcome［C］determine［D］reach 17. ［A］at［B］for［C］after［D］with 18. ［A］Above all［B］After all［C］However［D］Otherwise 19. ［A］fundamental［B］comprehensive［C］equivalent［D］hostile 20. ［A］By accident［B］In time［C］So far［D］Better stillI am afraid to sleep. I have been afraid to sleep for the last few weeks. I am so tired that, finally, I do sleep, but only for a few minutes. It is not a bad dream that wakes me ; it is the reality I took with me into sleep . I try to think of something else.Immediately the woman in the marketplace comes into my mind.I was on my way to dinner last night when I saw her . She was selling skirts. She moved with the same ease and loveliness I often saw in the women of Laos. Herlong black hair was as shiny as the black silk of the skirts she was selling . In her hair, she wore three silk ribbons, blue ,green, and white. They reminded me of my childhood and how my girlfriends and I used to spend hours braiding ribbons into our hair.I don’t know the word for “ribbons”, so I put my hand to my own hair and , with three fingers against my head , I looked at her ribbons and said “Beautiful.” She lowered her eyes and said nothing. I wasn’t sure if she understood me (I don’t speak Laotian very well).I looked back down at the skirts. They had designs on them: squares and triangles and circles of pink and green silk. They were very pretty. I decided to buy one of those skirts, and I began to bargain with her over the price. It is the custom to bargain in Asia. In Laos bargaining is done in soft voices and easy moves with the sort of quiet peacefulness.She smiled, more with her eyes than with her lips. She was pleased by the few words I was able to say in her language, although they were mostly numbers, and she saw that I understood something about the soft playfulness of bargaining. We shook our heads in disagreement over the price; then, immediately, we made another offer and then another shake of the head. She was so pleased that unexpectedly, she accepted the last offer I made. But it was too soon. The price was too low. She was being too generous and wouldn’t make enough money. I moved quickly and picked up two more skirts and paid for all three at the price set; that way I was able to pay her three times as much before she had a chance to lower the price for the larger purchase. She smiled openly then, and, for the first time in months, my spirit lifted. I almost felt happy.The feeling stayed with me while she wrapped the skirts in a newspaper and handed them to me. When I left, though, the feeling left, too. It was as though it stayed behind in marketplace. I left tears in my throat. I wanted to cry. I didn’t , ofcourse.I have learned to defend myself against what is hard; without knowing it, I have also learned to defend myself against what is soft and what should be easy.I get up, light a candle and want to look at the skirts. They are still in the newspaper that the woman wrapped them in. I remove the paper, and raise the skirts up to look at them again before I pack them. Something falls to floor. I reach down and feel something cool in my hand. I move close to the candlelight to see what I have. There are five long silk ribbons in my hand, all different colors. The woman in the marketplace! She has given these ribbons to me!There is no defense against a generous spirit, and this time I cry, and very hard, as if I could make up for all the months that I didn’t cry.89. According to the writer, the woman in the marketplace ____B____ .A. refused to speak to her.B. was pleasant and attractive.C. was selling skirts and ribbons.D. recognized her immediately.解析：B。

2016 川大高等数学竞赛参考答案

dx (x2 + x + 1)2
=
−
2 9
√ 3π
。
2、
cos(sin x) − 1 +
lim
x→0
x2 tan x2
1 2
x2
=
；
解：原式=
cos sin x − 1 +
lim
x→0
x4
1 2
x2
=
x − sin sin x · cos x
lim
x→0
4x3
1 − cos sin x · cos2 x + sin sin x · sin x
0,
(x, y) = 0
解：∵ f (x, 0) = 0，∴ fx(x, 0) = 0, fxx(0, 0) = 0；
同理，∵ f (0, y) = 0，∴ fy(0, y) = 0, fyy(0, 0) = 0；
f (x, y) − f (0, y)
x2 + y2 sin(xy2)
∵
fx(0, y)
3
7、设A = (α1 + α2, α1 − α2) 、B = (2α1 + 3α2, α1 + 2α2)是2阶方阵，若|A| = 4，
则|B| =
；
11
21
解：既然A = (α1, α2)
，|A| = 4，B = (α1, α2)
1 −1
32
于是|B|
=
|(α1, α2)|
=
|A| −2
=
−2。
即(β1, β2, · · · , βm) · (k1, k2, · · · , km)T = 0；
由题设，上式实际上就是(α1, α2, · · · , αt) · K(k1, k2, · · · , km)T = 0；

2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(四川卷)答案

2 x1 1 x12 2 x1 1 x12 1 P , ln x . ∵ x 1 ，∴ S y y x 1，∴0 S△PAB 1 . 1 1 △PAB A B P 2 1 x12 2 1 x12 1 x12 1 x1
2
5 f 2
1 f 2 2
1 f f 2
1 2 4 2 ，所以 2
1
5 f f (2) 2 . 2
【提示】利用周期性 f ( x) f ( x T ) ，化函数值的自变量到已知区间或相邻区间，如果是相邻区间，再利用奇偶性转化到已知区间上，由函数式求值即可. 【考点】函数的奇偶性，函数的周期性. 15.【答案】②③

2
49 4
2/9
【提示】首先对条件进行化简变形，得出 ADC ADB BDC 120 ，且 DA DB DC 2 ，因此
采用解析法，即建立直角坐标系，写出点 A，B，C，D 的坐标，同时动点 P 的轨迹是圆，则 2 ( x 1) 2 ( y 3 3) 2 ，因此可用圆的性质得出最值. BM 4 【考点】向量的夹角，解析几何中与圆有关的最值问题. 10.【答案】A
【提示】先设出切点坐标，利用切线垂直求出这两点横坐标的关系，同时得出切线方程，从而得点 A， B 的坐标，由两直线相交得出 P 点坐标，从而求得面积，把面积用 x1 表示后，可得面积的取值范围. 【考点】导数的几何意义，两直线的垂直关系，直线方程的应用，三角形面积的取值范围.
第 Ⅱ卷
二、填空题 11.【答案】
y ln x1
1 1 1 ( x x1 ) ，切线 l2 的方程为 y ln x2 ( x x2 ) ，即 y ln x1 x1 x . 分别令 x 0 得 x1 x2 x1

四川大学2015-2016学年第二学期课程考试试卷答案（A卷）课程名称

四川大学2015-2016学年第二学期课程考试试卷答案（A卷）课程名称四川大学2015-2016学年第二学期课程考试试卷答案(A 卷)课程名称：运筹学考试时间：120分钟年级：xxx 级专业： xxx题目部分，（卷面共有47题，0分，各大题标有题量和总分）一、判断（7小题，共0分）1、具有中间型效用曲线的决策者，对收入的增长和对金钱的损失都不敏感。

答案：对2、具有中间型效用曲线的决策者，对收入的增长以及对损失的金额都不敏感；（）答案：错3、应用最小机会损失准则决策时，如果用一般的损益矩阵来代替机会损失矩阵，则Savage 准则将建立在maxmin 条件，而不是minmax 条件上；（）答案：对4、在不确定型决策中Laplace 准则较之Savage 准则具有较小的保守性；（）答案：对5、不管决策问题如何变化，一个人的效用曲线总是不变的。

答案：错6、决策树比决策矩阵更适宜于描绘序列决策过程。

（）答案：对7、不管决策问题怎么变化，一个人的效用曲线总是不变的；（）答案：错二、问答（7小题，共0分）(a)若乐观系数矩阵中的数字是利润，请用非确定型决策的各种决策准则分别确定出相应的最优方案。

(b)若表中的数字为成本，问对应于上述各决策准则所选择的方案有何变化？答案：（a ）悲观主义准则：3S 乐观主义准则：3S Laplace 准则：3S Savage 准则：4S 折衷主义准则: 3S .(b)悲观主义准则: 2S 乐观主义准则: 1S Laplace 准则: 1S Savage 准则: 1S 折衷主义准则: 1S 或2S .2、某公司有50000元多余资金，如用于某项开发事业估计成功率为96%，成功时一年可获利12%，但一旦失败，有丧失全部资金的危险。

如把资金存放到银行中，则可稳得年利6%。

为获取更多情报，该公司求助于咨询服务，咨询费用为500元，但咨询意见只是提供试用决策树法分析：(a)该公司是否值得求助于咨询服务； (b)该公司多余资金应如何合理使用？答案：多余资金用于开发事业成功时可获利6000元，如存入银行可获利3000元。

四川大学2015-2016学年第二学期课程考试试卷答案(A卷)课程名称

四川大学2015-2016学年第二学期课程考试试卷答案(A 卷)课程名称：运筹学考试时间：120分钟年级：xxx 级专业： xxx题目部分，（卷面共有56题，0分，各大题标有题量和总分）一、判断（38小题，共0分）1、单纯形法计算中，如不按最小比值原则选取换出变量，则在下一个解中至少有一个基变量的值为负；( ) 答案：对2、线性规划问题的最优解一定在可行域的顶点达到。

( ) 答案：错3、线性规划模型中增加一个约束条件，可行域的范围一般将缩小；减少一个约束条件，可行域的范围一般将扩大。

( ) 答案：对4、用单纯形法求解标准形式（求最小值）的线性规划问题时，与0j σ>对应的变量都可以被选作换入变量。

( ) 答案：对5、线性规划问题的可行解如为最优解，则该可行解一定是基可行解；( ) 答案：错6、线性规划问题的任一可行解都可以用全部基可行解的线性组合表示；( ) 答案：对7、对取值无约束的变量j x ，通常令j j j x x x '''=-，其中0,0j j x x '''≥≥，在用单纯形法求得的最优解中有可能同时出现0,0j j x x '''≥≥;( )答案：错8、如果一个线性规划问题有两个不同的最优解，则它有无穷多个最优解。

( ) 答案：对9、在线性规划问题的最优解中，如某一变量j x 为非基变量，则在原来问题中，无论改变它在目标函数中的系数j c 或在各约束中的相应系数ij a ，反映到最终单纯形表中，除该列数字有变化外，将不会引起其他列数字的变化（）答案：对10、对一个有n 个变量、m 个约束的标准型的线性规划问题，其可行域的顶点恰好为mnC个；( ) 答案：错11、单纯形法计算中，如不按最小非负比值原则选出换出变量，则在下一个解中至少有一个基变量的值是负的。

( ) 答案：对12、对偶问题的对偶问题一定是原问题（）答案：对13、若1X , 2X 分别是某一线性规划问题的最优解，则1212X X X λλ=+也是该线性规划问题的最优解，其中1λ、2λ为正的实数；( )答案：错14、线性规划的可行解集是凸集。