if条件句虚拟语气
虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法(if条件句)
在写作中的应用
创作文学作品中
在创作小说、诗歌等文学作品时, 虚拟语气可以用来表达虚构的情 节和角色情感,增强作品的情感
色彩和艺术效果。
撰写学术论文
在撰写学术论文时,使用虚拟语 气可以表达假设的情景或条件, 例如在讨论不同政策或方案的影
响时。
写邮件和信件
在写邮件或信件时,使用虚拟语 气可以表达礼貌和尊重,例如在
在撰写商务广告和宣传材料时,使用虚拟语气可以增强语 言的感染力和说服力,例如“假如您正在寻找更好的产品 ,那么您来对了地方。”
感谢您的观看
THANKS
if条件句中的虚拟语气与时间状语从句的时态不一致
总结词
当if条件句中的虚拟语气与时间状语从句的时态不一致 时,通常是为了强调或表达与时间状语从句相反的情 况。
详细描述
在英语语法中,当if条件句中的虚拟语气与时间状语从 句的时态不一致时,通常是为了强调或表达与时间状语 从句相反的情况。这种用法能够使句子更加生动和富有 表现力,突出说话者对某个特定时间点的态度或情感。 例如,在句子"If I had known the answer yesterday, I would have told you."中,虚拟语气"had known" 与时间状语从句的时态"yesterday"不一致,强调了说 话者对过去的遗憾或后悔。
虚拟语气在条件状语从 句中的用法(if条件句)
目录
CONTENTS
• 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的基本结构 • 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法 • 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的特殊情况 • 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的实际应用
01 虚拟语气在条件状语从句 中的基本结构
if虚拟语气的用法归纳
if虚拟语气的用法归纳IF虚拟语气是英语中的一种重要语法现象,主要用于表示与现实相反的假设、愿望、建议等。
它分为两种形式:if条件句和if非条件句。
以下是对IF虚拟语气用法的详细介绍:一、if条件句1. 表示与现在事实相反的假设:If + 主语+ 过去时态,主语+ would/could/might/should + 动词原形。
例如:If I were you, I would go to the party.(如果我处在你的位置,我会去参加派对。
)2. 表示与过去事实相反的假设:If + 主语+ had done,主语+ would/could/might/should + have done。
例如:If he had come to the meeting, he would have known the plan.(如果他参加了会议,他就会知道这个计划。
)二、if非条件句1. 表示建议、劝告:主语+ should/would/might/ought to + 动词原形。
例如:You should go to the party.(你应该去参加派对。
)2. 表示愿望:主语+ could/would/might + 动词原形。
例如:I wish I were a bird.(我希望我是一只鸟。
)3. 表示假设:If + 主语+ 动词过去式,主语+ would/could/might + 动词原形。
例如:If I had time, I would go to the park.(如果我有时间,我会去公园。
)三、if虚拟语气的特殊结构1. 省略if,将were、had、should等词置于主语之前:主语+ were/had/should + 动词原形。
例如:She were here, she would meet him.(如果她在这里,她会见到他。
)2. 使用倒装结构:were/had/should + 主语+ 动词原形。
if 条件句虚拟语气
if 条件句虚拟语气虚拟语气是英语语法中的一种特殊语气,用来表示与事实相反或假设的情况。
在if条件句中,虚拟语气通常用来表达非真实的、假设的情况。
本文将列举10个以if条件句虚拟语气为主题的例子,并对其进行详细解释。
1. If I were rich, I would travel around the world.如果我很富有,我会环游世界。
解释:这个句子中的虚拟语气表达了对现实情况的假设,暗示说我并不富有,因此无法实现环游世界的愿望。
2. If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.如果我学得更努力,我就能通过考试了。
解释:这个句子中的虚拟语气表示对过去情况的假设,暗示说我没有努力学习,所以没有通过考试。
3. If I had a time machine, I would go back to the past and change some things.如果我有一台时间机器,我会回到过去改变一些事情。
解释:这个句子中的虚拟语气表达了对现实情况的假设,暗示说我没有时间机器,因此无法改变过去的事情。
4. If I were the president, I would make education free for all.如果我是总统,我会让教育对所有人免费。
解释:这个句子中的虚拟语气表达了对现实情况的假设,暗示说我并不是总统,所以无法实现让教育免费的目标。
5. If it didn't rain tomorrow, we could go hiking.如果明天不下雨,我们可以去远足。
解释:这个句子中的虚拟语气表达了对未来情况的假设,暗示说明天可能会下雨,所以无法去远足。
6. If I had known you were coming, I would have prepared a meal for you.如果我知道你要来,我会为你准备一顿饭。
if引导虚拟语气的用法
if引导虚拟语气的用法1、表示与现在事实相反的情况:从句:If主语+过去时(Be动词用were)主句:主语+XXXdoeg:1.If I were you,I would take an XXX.如果我是你,我会带把伞。
(事实:我不可能是你)2.If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你。
(事实:不知道)3.If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有水和空气,地球上就不会有生物。
(事实:地球上既有空气也有水)4.If I had any money with me,I could lend you some.假如我带钱了,我就会借给你些。
(事实:没有带钱)5.If he XXX,he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些,就能通过考试了。
(事实:没有努力)6.she looked at me as if I had been a stranger.她看我的样子好像我是一个陌生人。
(事实:我并非陌生人)2、表示与过去事实相反的情况从句:If主语+had+done主句:主语+should/would/could/might+have doneeg:1.If I had got there earlier,I should/could have met her.如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。
事实:去晚了)2.If he had XXX my advice,he would not have made such a XXX.如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了。
事实:没有听我的话)3、透露表现对未来情形的客观推测主句:主语+should+do从句:①if+主语+were to do②if+主语+should/would/could/might+do③if+主语+did(动词过去式)/wereeg:1.If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。
if引导的条件句中的虚拟语气
if引导的条件句中的虚拟语气虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。
该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。
一、if引导的条件状语从句的分类及虚拟条件句的判断1、可以把条件句分为两类:1).真实条件句(Sentences of Real Condition):凡是假设的情况发生性可能很大,就是真实条件句。
例如:⑴、If I have tim e , I will help you with this work.如果我有时间会帮助你做此工作的。
(2)、If time permits, we'll go fishing together.(如果有时间的话,我们就一起去钓鱼。
)2).虚拟条件句(Sentences of Unreal Condition):当假设是不大可能实现时,就是虚拟条件句。
例如:⑴、If I were you , I w ould have attended the meeting. 如果我是你的话,就去参加会议了。
⑵、If he had come here yesterday, he would have seen his old friend.假如他昨天来这儿的话,就会看见他的老朋友。
⑴、If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.(如果昨天下雨的话,我们就会留在家里。
)2、.if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。
只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。
通过句子意思,看假设的条件是否能够实现,能够实现是真实条件句,不能使用虚拟语气;假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气。
判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。
通常有三种情况:①与过去事实相反。
②与现在事实相反。
③与将来事实可能相反。
3、“后退一步法”后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后,按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。
虚拟语气if的用法
虚拟语气if的用法虚拟语气是英语中一个重要的语法现象,通过使用if引导的虚拟条件句来表达假设、愿望、建议或者表示与现实相反的情况。
以下是虚拟语气if的几种常见用法:1. 表达假设和假设的结果:使用虚拟语气if来表达假设和假设的结果,通常形如“If + 主语+ 动词过去式,主语 + would/could/might/could have + 动词过去分词”。
例句1: If I were rich, I would travel around the world.(假如我很有钱,我会环游世界。
)例句2: If it had rained, we could have stayed at home.(如果下雨的话,我们本来可以待在家里。
)2. 表达愿望:使用虚拟语气if来表达愿望,通常形如“If only + 主语 + 动词过去式”。
例句:If only I could speak fluent French.(要是我能流利地说法语就好了。
)3. 表达建议:使用虚拟语气if来表达建议,通常形如“If I were you, I would + 动词原形”。
例句:If I were you, I would take a break and relax.(如果我是你,我会休息放松一下。
)4. 表达对现在和过去不可能实现的条件:使用虚拟语气if来表达对现在和过去不可能实现的条件,通常形如“If + 主语 + had/could + 动词原形”。
例句1: If I had wings, I could fly in the sky.(如果我有翅膀,我就能在天空中飞翔。
)例句2: If I could play the piano, I would perform at the concert.(如果我会弹钢琴,我将会在音乐会上表演。
)总结起来,虚拟语气if的用法包括表达假设和假设的结果、愿望、建议以及对现在和过去不可能实现的条件。
if引导虚拟语气条件句PPT课件
06
总结与回顾
回顾if引导虚拟语气条件句的用法
虚拟语气在条件句中的用法
在条件句中,使用虚拟语气表示与实际情况相反的情况,或者表 示假设、猜测等。
虚拟语气的形式
虚拟语气有多种形式,包括与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与 将来事实相反等。
虚拟语气的时态
虚拟语气与时态有关,需要根据实际情况选择适当的时态。
况,主句用would+have+过 去分词的形式。
翻译题
01
02
03
中文
如果我知道这个消息,我 早就告诉你了。
英文
If I had known the news, I would have told you long ago.
解释
从句表示与过去事实相反 的情况,主句用 would+have+过去分词 的形式。
题目
If he _______ the money, he _______ able to buy a car.
had had; would be
答案
解释
从句表示与过去事实相反的情况,主句用would+______ rained last night,
the ground would be wet this morning.
表示与事实相反的情况
总结词
与事实相反的情况是指条件句中的假设与现实情况相 反,主句使用虚拟语气表示与实际情况的差异。
详细描述
在英语中,当if引导的条件句表示与事实相反的情况时, 主句通常使用虚拟语气。这种用法常用于表示某种假设 的情况并未实现,而是与现实情况相反。例如,“If I were you, I would not make that mistake again.” (如果我是你,我不会再犯那个错误了。)这句话表示 的是假设自己是对方,但实际上并不是,提醒对方不要 犯同样的错误。
if 条件状语从句中的虚拟语气
1.if 条件状语从句中的虚拟语气一、if 条件状语从句中表示对将来、过去、现在的虚拟1. If she invites me tomorrow, I shall go to the party.(真实条件句)如果她明天邀请我参加聚会,我就去.If she invited me , I should go to the party.[虚拟条件句] (说话人认为邀请的可能性较小或不可能)She will probably not invite me, so I shall not go to the party.2. If she had invited me yesterday, I should have gone to the party.假如她昨天邀请我参加聚会,我就去了.She didn`t invite me yesterday, so I didn`t go to the party. 她昨天没有邀请我参加聚会,因此我没有去.3. If she should invite me tomorrow, I should go to the party.If she were to invite me tomorrow, I should go to the party.If she invited me tomorrow, I should go to the party.1.对现在的虚拟条件状语从句的动词形式主句的动词形式If+主语+动词过去式(be的过去式用were) I (we) should+动词原形主语+would(might, could)+动词原形If I were you, I should study English. (I am not you , so I shall not study English.)If I had time, I would attend the wedding. (I does not have time, so I will not attend the wedding.)If they didn`t take physical exercises every day, they wouldn`t be so healthy.(They take physical exercises every day, so they are very healthy.)2.对过去的虚拟条件状语从句的动词形式主句的动词形式If+主语+had+过去分词 I(we) should+ have+过去分词主语+would(might, could)+have+过去分词If you had taken my advice, you wouldn`t have failed in theexamination.(You did not take my advice, so you have failed in the examination.)3.对将来的虚拟条件状语从句的动词形式(三种) 主句的动词形式⑴If+主语+动词过去式(be的过去式用were),通常要与一个表示将来的时间状语连用(tomorrow)⑵If+主语(任何人称和数)+should+动词原形⑶If+主语(任何人称和数) +were +to动词原形I (we) should+动词原形或主语(任何人称)+would(might, could)+动词原形If it rained tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.If it should rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off. If it were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.。
if条件句虚拟语气
有关英语if条件句虚拟语气用法
if的虚拟语气用法:
1、现在时:当if引导的虚拟语气表示与现在事实相反时,主句谓语用could、would、shoul d或mi ght加动词原形,条件从句中的谓语用过去式。
2、过去时:当if引导的虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反时,主句谓语用could、would、shoul d或mi ght加have再加动词原形,
3、将来时:当if引导的虚拟语气表示与将来事实相反时,主句谓语用could、would、shoul d或mi ght加动词原形,条件从句中的谓语用过去式。
虚拟语气中,表条件的状语从句的if可以省略,但主语必须与动词易位(也就是倒装):
If it were not for his illness, he could do better.
=Were it not for his illness, he could do better.
如果不是因为他生病,他可以做得更好。
If he had money, he would buy that villa.
= Had he money, he would buy that villa.
对将来情况的虚拟:
主句:主语+would/should/might/could+动词原形从句:should+动词原形/were to+动词原形。
对现在情况的虚拟:
主句:主语+would/should/might/could+动词原形从句:动词过去式
对过去情况的虚拟:
主句:主语+would/should/might/could have+动词过去分词从句:had+动词过去分词。
if条件句中虚拟语气的用法
if虚拟条件句 与现在 事实相 反的假 设 与过去 事实相 反的假 设 与将来 事实相 反的假 设
主句
If+主语+ 动词的过去式 (be动词一般用were) 即:If+一般过去时态 (be动词一般用were)
主语+would ( should / might / could )+动词 原形
If+主语+had +动词的过 主语 + would ( should / might 去分词 / could )+have 即:If+过去完成时态 done
1、If+主语+动词过去式 2、If+主语+were to+ 动词 原形 3、If+主语+should +动词原 形 主语+would ( should / might / could )+动词 原形
注意以下问题:
• 1. 错综时间虚拟条件句 • 2. (if省略) 倒装虚拟现方式做保护处理对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑并不能对任何下载内容负责
If条件句中虚拟语气的用法
a. if真实条件句 表示条件是真的或有可 能实现的, 采用陈述语气。
b. if虚拟条件句 表示条件是虚拟的或几 乎无法实现的, 采用虚拟语气。
与现 在事 实相 反的 假设
If+主语+ 动词的过 去式 (be动词一般用 were) 即:If+一般过去时 态 (be动词一般用were)
主语+would ( should / might / could ) +动词原形
与现在事实相反
If I were the schoolmaster ,
英语语法虚拟语气用法(if)
虚拟语气虚拟语气用来表达说话人的愿望、请求、建议、假想等不能实现的情况。
1.虚拟语气用于条件句(1)if条件句与现在相反:If I had had a car, I would drive it to Beijing by myself.与将来相反:If I were to do it, I should do it at once.(2)省略if的条件句如果虚拟条件句中含有were\had\should时,if可以省略,这时从句要用倒装语序,把were\had\should移到主语前面。
如Had I known it, I wouldn’t had made such a silly mistake.注意:如果if引导的条件句谓语动词是否定形式,省略if,否定词not 不提前如:Were it not for rain, I would go shopping now.(3)含蓄条件句有是虚拟条件句不一定要用if条件句的形式表达,而是借助介词、介词短语等,常见形式有:without\thanks to\but for\or\otherwise等。
如:But for your help,I could not get home.2.虚拟语气用于名词性从句(1)主语从句It is important\require...+主语从句在这里表示建议,必要,命令等意思的结构中,要用should +动词原形,should可以省略。
这类形容词和分词有:advised\advisable\better\desired\demand\imperative\important\natural\neces sary\ordered\proposed\possible\required\recommended\suggested\urgent\str ange等。
如: It is important (that)we (should) finish the work.(2)宾语从句A: suggest,require,order...+宾语从句在一些表示建议、愿望、要求、请求、劝告、意志、欲望、命令、安排、决定等动词引导的宾语从句中,要用虚拟语气。
if的条件句的三种用法
千里之行,始于足下。
if的条件句的三种用法条件句在英语中是非经常见的一种句型,用于表达假设、可能性和条件关系。
if(假如)是条件句的引导词,它可以有不同的用法和用途。
下面将具体介绍if条件句的三种常见用法。
1. 条件虚拟语气条件虚拟语气用于表示假设、与事实相反的状况或不行能的状况。
它包括三种类型:与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反和与将来事实相反。
与现在事实相反:这种类型的条件句用于描述与现实状况相反或与过去和现在的条件不全都的状况。
它的结构是:“if + 过去完成时,主语 + would/could/might + 动词原形”。
例如:- If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.(假如我学习更努力点,我就会通过考试了。
)- If she had told me earlier, I could have helped her.(假如她早点告知我,我原来可以挂念她的。
)与过去事实相反:这种类型的条件句用于描述与过去事实相反的状况。
它的结构是:“if + 过去完成时,主语 + would/could/might + have + 过去分词”。
例如:- If I had known he was sick, I would have visited him.(假如我知道他病了,我原来会去探望他的。
)第1页/共3页锲而不舍,金石可镂。
- If the weather had been better, we might have gone to the beach.(假如天气好些的话,我们或许会去海滩的。
)与将来事实相反:这种类型的条件句用于描述与将来事实相反的状况。
它的结构是:“if + 过去完成时,主语 + would/could/might + 动词原形”。
例如:- If I had more money, I would travel around the world.(假如我有更多的钱,我就会周游世界。
IF条件句中虚拟语气(微课)PPT课件
03 if条件句中虚拟语气的用 法
表示与事实相反的情况
结构
与现在事实相反,从句用“if+主 语+动词过去式”,主句用 “would+动词原形”。
举例
If I were you, I would choose to study abroad.(如果我是你,我 会选择出国留学。)
表示假设条件
结构
假设条件句可以用“if+主语+动词过 去式+其他”,表示在假设条件下可 能发生的情况。
虚拟语气与其他从句的区别
虚拟语气在if条件句中的用法与其他从句有所不同,需要注 意区分。
例如,与if条件状语从句相比,虚拟语气在表达与事实相 反的情况时,主句和从句的谓语动词形式会有所不同;与 if时间状语从句相比,虚拟语气更加注重假设和想象,而 非真实的时间顺序。
05 if条件句中虚拟语气的练 习与巩固
在主句和从句中,时态的一致性是虚 拟语气的基本要求,否则会导致语法 错误或语义混淆。
主从句时态对应关系
在if条件句中,虚拟语气的主句和从句时态有一定的对应关系 。
如果主句是虚拟现在时,从句通常也是虚拟现在时;如果主 句是虚拟过去时,从句通常也是虚拟过去时;如果主句是虚 拟将来时,从句通常也是虚拟将来时。
02 if条件句中虚拟语气的形 式
与现在事实相反的虚拟语气
总结词
表示与现在事实相反的情况,通常使用动词的过去式。
详细描述
在if条件句中,当表示与现在事实相反的情况时,从句使用动词的过去式(be动词 用were),主句使用would+动词原形。例如,“If I were you, I would choose to study abroad.”(如果我是你,我会选择出国留学。)
if引导的条件状语从句和虚拟语气的区别
1.if引导的条件状语从句和虚拟语气的区别if引导的条件状语从句所引导的是原因状语;可以是现实生活中已经出现的真实事件或有可能出现的事情;发生的可能性较大..而虚拟语气所引导的往往是非真实的;对于过去;现在或将来的虚拟或推断;发生的可能性较小;或已经不可能发生了可以从2个角度去区分:1..时态A;由if引导的条件状语从句通常都是主句为一般将来时;从句为一般现在时..B;而在虚拟语气中;时态都是有很多;往往都是根据句子的含义判断;究竟是与现在;过去还是将来的事实相反..2..真实与非真实A;由if引导的条件状语从句一般都是真实的;只要所谓的条件成立;一定会成为事实B;但虚拟语气并非如此;if; 既然是虚拟;就一定是非真实的;可以根据句意判断其是...条件状语从句连接词主要有 if; unless; as/so long as; on condition that 等..if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种..unless = if not.例如:Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired. 如果不太累;我们去散散步..If you are not too tied; let's go out for a walk.You will be late ___ you leave immediately.A. unlessB. untilC. ifD. or答案A..句意:除非你立即走;否则你就回迟到的..可转化为 If you don't leave immediately; you will be late..B、D句意不对;or表转折;句子如为 You leave immediately or you will be late.虚拟语气1虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想;所说的是一个条件;不一定是事实;或与事实相反..虚拟语气在条件句中应用比较多..2条件句可分为两类;一类为真实条件句;一类为非真实条件句..非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况;故采用虚拟语气..真实条件句用于陈述语气;假设的情况有可能发生..一般现在时shall/will + 动词原形祈使句情态动词一般现在时例如:If he comes; he will bring his violin. 如果他来;会带小提琴来的..The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.A. will rainB. rainsC. rainedD. is rained答案B..真实条件句主句为将来时;从句用一般现在时..注意:1在真实条件句中;主句不能用be going to表示将来;该用shall; will. 错 If you leave now; you are never going to regret it.对 If you leave now; you will never regret it.2表示真理时;主句谓语动词不用shall will +动词原形;而直接用一般现在时的动词形式..非真实条件句1虚拟语气可以表示过去;现在和将来的情况;时态的基本特点是时态往后推移..a. 与现在事实相反的假设一般过去时be用wereshouldwould等 +动词原形例如:If they were here; they would help you. 如果他们在这儿;会帮助你的..含义:They are not here; they can’t help you.b. 与过去事实相反的假设过去完成时shouldwould等+ have+ 过去分词例如:If he had come yesterday; I should / would have told him about it.如果他昨天来的话;我会把这件事告诉他的..含义:He did not come yesterday; so I did not tell him about it.c. 表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想一般过去时should/would等 + 动词原形were+ 不定式should+ 动词原形例如:If you succeeded; everything would be all right. 如果你将来成功了;一切都会好的..If you should succeed; everything would be all right.If you were to succeed; everything would be all right.含义:You are not likely to succeed; everything will be what it is now.。
if条件状语从句中虚拟语气
if条件状语从句中的虚拟语气一、if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句;只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气;通过句子意思,看假设的条件是否能够实现,能够实现是真实条件句,不能使用虚拟语气;假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气;1. “后退一步法”后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后,按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态;即:在非真实条件状语从句中,谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”;也就是:①与过去事实相反,在从句中用过去完成时形式表示;②与现在事实相反,在从句中用过去一般时形式表示;③与将来事实可能相反,在从句中用过去将来时形式表示;主句中则用情态动词would,should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式;例:⑴、If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him.⑵、If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.⑶、If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn't go out.2、注意事项:①if条件句中如有were, should, had,可以省去if,并使用倒装语序;②在现代英语中if条件状与从句中的谓语动词如果是be其过去形式一般用were;二、虚拟语气在if 引导的条件句中的用法:1. If it weren’t for your help, we would get into trouble. 如果没有你们的帮助,我们就会陷入困境;而事实上得到了你们的帮助the weather were fine, I would go there. 如果天气好,我去那儿;事实天气不好I were you, I would read it again. 如果我是你的话,我再读一遍;事实上我不是你time permitted, I would write it again. 如果时间允许的话,我再写一遍;事实上时间不允许it weren’t snowing, we wouldn’t stay in the house. 要是现在不下雪的话,我们就不会待在屋里;事实上现在下雪would I do if I were in your place要是我处于你地位我会怎么办事实上我不在你的位置上he hurried, he could catch the first bus. 他要是快点能够赶上头班公共汽车;可是他不着急8. If I were you, I should buy it. 从句用过去式动词were,主句用动词原形buy9. If I had time, I would study French. 如果有时间,我会学习法文;从句用过去式动词had,主句用动词原形study10. If she knew English, she would not ask me for help. 如果她懂英文,她就不必要我帮了;从句用过去式动词knew, 主句用动词原形ask 注意:如果动作在进行中,主句要用:"主语+ would be + 进行式动词+ ……" 14. If they were here, he would be speaking to them now. 从句用过去式动词were, 主句用would be speaking例如:⑴、If you had taken my advice, you would not have made such a mistake.如果你听了我的劝告,就不会犯这样的错误;事实上你没有听我的劝告⑵、I shouldn’t have been able to write such good novels if I hadn’t lived among the peasants for five years.如果我不是和农民生活了五年,就不可能写出这样好的小说;事实上我和农民生活了五年⑶、If you hadn’t invited me, I shouldn’t have come to the party.如果你不邀请我,我就不会来参加你的舞会;事实上你邀请了我⑷、If I hadn’t been ill yesterday, I might have come to school.昨天要是不生病,我是可能来上学的;事实上我生病了⑸、If he hadn’t broken the law, he wouldn’t have been put in prison.如果他不违法的话,就不会被打入监狱;事实上他违法了⑹、If I had been your headmaster, I should have dismissed you from school. 我要是你们校长的话,就把你开除学籍了;事实上我不是注意:如果动作在进行中,主句要用:"主语+ would + have + 完成进行式动词+……⑺、If they had been here, he would have been speaking to them.从句动词用had been, 主句动词用have been speaking⑴、I f I were to work at this problem, I would do it in another way.要是我来解这道难题,我会用另外一种方法的;⑵、I f you were to do such a thing again, you would be punished. 如果你再做这样的事情,就会受到惩罚;⑶、I f I should work harder, I could make much more progress.假如我更努力学习的话,我会取得更大的进步;事实上我不可能努力学习⑷、I f it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.如果明天下雨的话,我将待在家里;根据天气情况,明天不可能下雨⑸、I f he should come, I could ask him for some advice.万一他来了,我就能够向他请教;事实上他来的可能性很小⑹、I f he came tomorrow, I would do it with him.如果明天他来的话,我将和他一起做此事;事实上他来的可能性很小⑺、If it should rain, the crops would be saved.从句动词用should rain,主句动词用be 如果天下雨,庄稼可能就收获了;⑻、If he were here, I would give him the books.从句动词用were, 主句动词用give 如果他在这儿,我可能会把书给他;注意:如果动作在进行中,从句不是主句要用:"If + 主语+ 过去进行式动词+……"⑼、If she were staying here now, I would let her ride my horse.从句动词用were staying, 主句动词用let如果她现在留在这儿,我可能会让她骑我的马;。
if引导的虚拟语气时态规则
if引导的虚拟语气时态规则在英语语法中,虚拟语气是一种用来表达假设、愿望、建议或对未来情况的猜测的语法结构。
其中,以if引导的虚拟语气时态规则是其中的一种形式。
本文将详细介绍这一规则的用法和注意事项。
一、虚拟语气的基本概念虚拟语气是一种非真实的语气,用来表达与事实相反或与现实情况不符的假设、愿望或建议。
它通常用于条件句中,以if引导。
虚拟语气有三种时态形式:过去时、过去完成时和过去将来时。
二、以if引导的虚拟语气时态规则1. 过去时虚拟语气当我们想表达与现在事实相反的假设时,可以使用过去时虚拟语气。
其结构为:if + 主语+ 动词的过去式,主语+ would/could/might + 动词原形。
例如:- If I were rich, I would travel around the world.- If she had studied harder, she might have passed the exam.2. 过去完成时虚拟语气当我们想表达与过去事实相反的假设时,可以使用过去完成时虚拟语气。
其结构为:if + 主语+ had + 过去分词,主语+would/could/might + have + 过去分词。
例如:- If I had known the truth, I would have told you.- If they had arrived earlier, they might have caught the train.3. 过去将来时虚拟语气当我们想表达与将来事实相反的假设时,可以使用过去将来时虚拟语气。
其结构为:if + 主语 + should/were to + 动词原形,主语+ would/could/might + 动词原形。
例如:- If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.- If he were to win the lottery, he could buy a new car.三、注意事项1. 在虚拟语气中,动词的形式会发生变化。
if条件句中虚拟语气PPT课件
虚拟在事实相反的情况,使用一般过去时或过去进行时。
与过去事实相反的虚拟语气
表示与过去事实相反的情况,使用过去完成时。
与将来事实相反的虚拟语气
表示与将来事实相反的情况,使用过去将来时。
在委婉语气中的使用
总结词
虚拟语气在if条件句中还可以用于表达委婉的语气,通过使用相应的时态和谓语动词形式来缓和语气或避免直接表达 。
详细描述
在某些情况下,使用虚拟语气可以表达更加委婉的语气,使话语更加柔和、礼貌或含蓄。这种用法通常用于避免直接 表达某些可能引起冲突或敏感的话题。
例子
If I were you, I would consider carefully before making a decision.(如果我是你,我会在做出决定 之前仔细考虑。)这句话使用虚拟语气来委婉地提出建议或建议对方谨慎行事。
05
if条件句中虚拟语气的例句分析
与现在事实相反的例句
01
02
03
总结词
表示与现在实际情况相反 的情况
例句
If I were you, I would choose this option.(如 果我是你,我会选择这个 选项。)
解释
这句话表示与现在实际情 况相反的情况,即说话者 不是听话者,所以选择的 情况也是不存在的。
与过去事实相反的例句
总结词
表示与过去实际情况相反的情况
例句
If I had known the answer, I would have told you.(如果我 早知道答案,我早就告诉你了。)
解释
这句话表示与过去实际情况相反 的情况,即说话者没有早知道答 案,所以告诉你的情况也是不存
if的虚拟语气用法总结
if的虚拟语气用法总结虚拟语气是指根据说话人的主观意愿、假设、推测等来表示假设、愿望、命令等情态的一种语气。
在条件句中,常用虚拟语气来表示与事实相反的情况。
总结if的虚拟语气用法如下:1. 虚拟条件句:- 类型1:表示可能实现的条件- If + 主语+ 动词(简单现在时),主语+ will + 动词原形。
- 例句:If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.(如果明天下雨,我会呆在家里。
)- 类型2:表示与事实相反的条件- If + 主语+ 动词的过去式,主语+ would/could + 动词原形。
- 例句:If I had money, I would buy a new car.(如果我有钱,我会买一辆新车。
)- 类型3:表示与过去事实相反的条件- If + 主语+ had + 过去分词,主语+ would/could + have + 过去分词。
- 例句:If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.(如果我学得更努力,我就能通过考试。
)2. 虚拟表达愿望:- 类型1:表示对现在或将来的愿望- 希望、愿望等动词+ (that) + 主语+ (should) + 动词原形。
- 例句:I wish (that) I could speak fluent English.(我希望我能说一口流利的英语。
)- 类型2:表示对过去的愿望- 希望、愿望等动词+ (that) + 主语+ (should) + have + 过去分词。
- 例句:I wish (that) I had studied abroad when I was younger.(我希望我年轻时出国留学了。
)3. 虚拟表达建议、命令等:- 动词原形+ (that) + 主语+ (should) + 动词原形。
- 例句:I suggest (that) you should take a break.(我建议你应该休息一下。
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虚拟语气是一项语法难点,为了让学员们便于理解与记忆,我们把虚拟语气分成三大块来讨论:1.名词从句中的虚拟语气标志词+should+动词原形2.条件从句中的虚拟语气①三种基本态②倒装虚拟句③混时虚拟句④含蓄虚拟句⑤跳层虚拟句3.其它情形中的虚拟语气(wish/would rather/It’s high time…/If only…/lest)一.三种基本形态(1)表虚拟的时间if从句谓语形式主句谓语形式现在:did / were would (should, might, could)+do过去:had done/ had been would (should/might/could)+have done(been)将来:were to/ should+do would (should, might, could)+do三种基本形态(2)(这是基础,建议牢记下面的例句,争取能脱口而出)与现在事实相反:If I had enough money, I would buy a book.与过去事实相反:If I had had enough money, I would have bought a book.与将来事实相反:If I were to have enough money, I would buy a book.If I should have enough money, I would buy a book.二、倒装虚拟句(只能与过去/将来事实相反,省去if,只有三种倒装形式)Had I had enough money, I would have bought a book.Were I to have enough money, I would buy a book.Should I have enough money, I would buy a book.三、混合时间虚拟语气(主要是抓住时间状语)(对过去事实虚拟+对现在事实虚拟)If I had studied English at school, I could read the English novel now.(对现在事实虚拟+对过去事实虚拟)If she were not so careless, she wouldn’t have made such a mistake.四、含蓄虚拟句(在阅读中常见)3. 虚拟语气用在主语从句中。
在句型“It is important (necessary, strange, natural等) that...” 中,that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用(should) + 动词原形。
It's necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们现在有必要出去散散步。
What would I have done without you?But for their help, I would not have finished the task.But that the doctor arrived on time that day, they would have been dead. Given more time, I would have been able to finish the test.五、跳层虚拟句(即句子一半为虚拟,另一半为陈述语气;but前句用虚拟而or/otherwise后句用虚拟)(but)He would put on weight, but he doesn't eat much. (与现在事实相反)He would have put on weight, but he didn't eat much. (与过去事实相反) (or, or else, otherwise)I forget where I read the article, or I would show it to you now. (与现在事实相反)Mary couldn't have received my letter, otherwise she would have replied before now. (与过去事实相反)六、名词从句虚拟语气(1) ask, advise, beg, command, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, require, recommend, request, suggest, urge等表示命令、要求、建议等含义的动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用(should)+动词原形, eg. I suggest / suggested that we (should) go tomorrow.名词从句虚拟语气(2) It is +(形容词/过去分词/特定名词)+that的从句中,形容词主要是表示令人吃惊的、重要的、必要的、关键的等词汇。
形容词:astonishing, amazing, advisable, appropriate, crucial, desirable, essential, important, imperative, keen, necessary, natural, normal, odd, proper, preferable, strange, sorry, shocked, surprising, urgent, unusual, vital等。
名词从句虚拟语气(3) 过去分词:decided, desired, demanded, ordered, requested, recommended, suggested等;名词:advice, decision, desire, demand, suggestion, motion, pray, resolution, wish, preference, proposal, recommendation, requirement, idea, order等七、其它虚拟语气Wish…I wish I knew the answer.(与现在事实相反)I wish I had known the answer. (与过去事实相反)I wish you would shut up. (与将来事实相反)If only…If only I were taller. (与现在事实相反)If only he had followed your advice! (与过去事实相反)If only the rain would stop. (与将来事实相反)It is (high/about) time…It is time you thought about your future.would rather…I would rather you didn’t speak rudely to her. (与现在事实相反)I’d rather you hadn’t spoken rudely to her. (与过去事实相反)Lest…, in case…, for fear that…(引导的是目的状语从句,但可归入第六点(名词从句虚拟),这是因它们答案特征相同,即(should)+动词原形。
eg.He took his umbrella lest it should rain.英语虚拟语气考题总结:答案的特征1.(should)+动词原形(一般式/被动式/否定式)记住信号词(名词,动词,形容词,分词等)以及lest.2. 一般过去时:wish/If only…/would rather/It’s time (high/about) that….3.基本形式(主要考与过去和将来相反的虚拟语气),特别注意时间状语(混合时间虚拟)4.倒装的两个时间:与过去,与将来相反;三个形式(Had/Were/Should)提前大写,if省去;5.but/or/or else/otherwise(跳层虚拟语气)虚拟语气在考试中是一个必考的考点。
其中,最常考的是它在宾语从句中的用法。
一些表示主观判断、推测、建议、命令和要求的动词通常引起虚拟的宾语从句,此类动词后的宾语从句中采用should +do(其中should可以省略)的虚拟语气形式。
该类动词包括:(1)高中词汇:advise(劝告)、ask(要求)、decide(决定)、insist(坚持)、order(命令)、suggest(建议)等。
(2)常考词汇:command(命令)、demand(要求)、desire(渴望)、prefer (宁愿)、propose(提议)、recommend(劝告)、require(要求)等。
(3)其他词汇:consent(同意)、maintain(主张)、move(提议)、urge (极力主张)、vote(提议)等。
例句:I recommend that you be diligent if you want to pass the exam.如果你们想考试及格,我劝你们勤奋学习。
特别提示:在复习时,可以把相似用法归类记忆。
当一个动词后面的宾语从句中应使用(should)+do的虚拟语气形式时,则可推理出用法相同的以下一组从句(以动词advise为例):(1)I advise that we stay and wait here.(动词后的宾语从句)(2)It is advised that we stay here.(It is +动词的过去分词+that引导的主语从句)(3)It is advisable that we stay here.(It is +由该动词派生的形容词+that 引导的主语从句)(4)My advice is that we stay here.(由该动词转换的名词后面的表语从句)(5)I offered the advice that we stay here.(由该动词转换的名词后面的同位语从句)(6)I think it advisable that we stay here.(由该动词转换的形容词作宾语补足语,it为形式宾语,真正的宾语从句中使用虚拟语气)以上六类从句中谓语动词都使用了should +do的虚拟语气形式,其中,should 可以省略。
由上类动词派生的常考名词有:advice(忠告)、deciion(决定)、demand(要求)、desire(渴望)、order(命令)、preference(偏爱)、proposal(建议)、recommendation(劝告)、requirement(要求)、suggestion(建议)等。