2017年中考英语阅读理解专题复习

2017年中考英语阅读理解专题复习2017中考英语阅读理解专题复习要领：（回归原文定位）（一）中考阅读理解的考查方式1. 五大题型1)、主旨题要求在理解全文后归纳短文大意，概括中心思想或选择短文的标题。

2)、细节题即平时我们所说的“W” ( who, what where ,when,why. Which) 和“H” ( how ) 问题3)、词意题主要测试考生是否理解了文章的词义，一般情况下，正确答案就是对所询问的词，词组或句子的复述或解释。

4)、推断题主要测试考生利用文章所给的信息进行推理判断的能力。

一般是根据文章的有关事实，对作者意图，态度以及作者言外之意，进行符合逻辑的推理判断5)、观点态度题这一类考题大都要求考生就作者对论述对象持什么样的态度做出推断，如作者对所陈述的观点是赞同、反对，还是犹豫不定，对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠，还是厌恶。

作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出来，而往往隐含在字里行间。

因此，进行这种推断时，我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推力的前提，又要注意作者的措辞，尤其是形容词一类的修饰语。

2.具体形式（1）任务型阅读。

（2）根据所读文章内容选择正确答案。

（二）中考阅读理解命题特点试题的选材贴近考生的生活，时代气息浓郁。

所选文章的体裁多样化。

记叙文，说议论文，应用文，对话，图表，广告，小品等。

1.题材具有广泛性。

涉及日常生活，社会，政治，经济，文化，科技，地理，历史，人物传记，风土人情，实用文体等。

2.题量大，分值高。

3.试题难度适中，符合大多数考生英语水平。

三中考阅读理解解题策略及方法1.细节理解题。

严格按照三步走：首先看题目，划出关键词，区分不同选项；其次根据所划关键词回归原文定位；最后比对原文和选项，选出正确答案。

一般难句都是出题点，这是应注意文中的同位语，破折号，括号，省略号等。

1）Which of the following statement is true? 2）Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?3）The author ( or the passage) states that___.4）According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)___?解题秘诀（回扣原文）正确答案的特点：与原文情节表达手法不同，但所表达的意思相同。

干扰选项的特点：1. 是原文信息，但与题目要求不符；2. 符合常识，但不符合原文内容；3. 与原文情节极为相似，只是在程度上有些变动；4. 选项中所提供的信息部分正确，部分错误；5. 在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。

2.词义推理题。

我们可以利用阅读材料的信息，结合上下文来判断其特定含义，或者根据句子的语法关系分析、挖掘其含义。

（1）the word “….” In the passage probably means_________.（2）The word “….”is closed in meaning to________.（3）“....” could best be replaced by which of the following ?（4）In the story the underlined word “…”means______（5）Here “it” means _______（6）The expression/phrase “…”means_______（7）The underlined word “it” in the passage refers to_______.解题秘诀（通过词根词缀词缀推测生词的含义。

通过上下文推测生词的含义。

通过语法关系推测生词的含义。

）3.推理判断题考查短文中对作者意图或文章中人物观点的理解，以及能从短文内容中推断出结论和作者的弦外之音等。

对此要求学生把握住两点：一答案来源于原文，但不等同于原文；二是答案必须要忠实于原文，不能主观臆断。

常见的设问形式：（1）we can infer from the passage that_________（2）We can guess the writer of the letter may be _________（3）From the letter we’re learned that it’s very___________（4）From the story we can guess _______ （5）What would be happy if…__________ （6）The writer believes that________ （7）The writer suggests that________解题秘诀（依据原文认真比较选项。

）以原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。

如果选项中有两个或两个以上的选项都是成立的推理，则选与原文主题最接近的答案。

4.主旨大意题这类题是指那些针对文章的主要内容，主题，标题或写作目的所设的问题。

设题方式（1）What’s the passage mainly about ? （2）What’s the main idea of this passage ? （3）What’s the topic of this article ? （4）What’s the best title for this passage ?（5）The purpose of this passage is to _____ （6）The article has been written to explain_______（7）We can learn from________（8）We can infer ________ from this passage .解题秘诀（抓主题句）高频词，关键词A+关键词B+....；不能太大；不能太小干扰项特点：1. 以偏概全。

干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。

2. 断章取义。

干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的设置内容，或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。

3. 主题扩大。

干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容。

4. 张冠李戴。

命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上，构成一个干扰项。

考生不注意的情况下，会造成错选答案。

5. 无中生有或似是而非。

有的干扰项中的关键词语好像在文章中谈到了，但认真分析之后你会发现这类干扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。

5.观点态度题设题方式The writer’s attitude toward ... is_________ .How did the writer feel …作者在描述事实或传递信息时,不管他的意图是什么,其观点和态度都不可避免地在文章中反映出来｡常见的涉及到作者态度的词有褒义类此（approving, positive, optimistic,favorable supportive），贬义类词(negative, critical, pessimistic,)和中性类此(impartial, objective, neutral)。

不是解的选项indifferent 漠不关心的subjective 主观的unconcerned 不关心的contemptuous轻蔑的,hostile 敌对的,biased 片面的阅读理解解题方法：方法 1.顺序法。

即先看文章，然后看试题，再回到文章查找有关信息。

该法适合于解题时间充足，文章篇幅较长，需要获取的信息较多或需要对全篇进行整体理解的场合。

阅读时一般采取快速阅读法注意关键词句和段落，找准主线，掌握大意，并能记住主要细节的分布点。

2.逆向法。

即先看试题，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对地对文章进行扫读，对相关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合，分析，对比。

有根据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。

该法有较大的针对性和准确性。

适合于时间较紧，文章篇幅不长，需要获取信息不多，试题与文章联系紧密，不需要做深层次的理解 3.标注法。

即在通读短文和试题后，标注中心句并与试题有关的词句，段标注相应的题号。

该法具有很大的针对性和稳妥性，便于对照分析和复查验证。

有些学生在阅读时喜欢在不认识的单词以及不理解的句子，段落下面划线或打上标记，这是一个不好的习惯，应以摒弃。

加快阅读速度技巧：扩大视距。

要以意群为单位，注重对整句话的理解，扩大注视空间。

带问题阅读：先浏览短文后面的题目，做到心中有数，带着目的去阅读，以提高阅读实效。

注意：题目中否定词AEmma has just finished travelling alone in Europe．Are you interested in her journey？Let's read some of her travel diaries．41．Emma was looking forward to this travel because ．A．she had never taken a train ride before B．she could do anything she liked on the journeyC．she hoped to keep herself away from the busy life42．From the passage，we can know Salzburgis a great place for . ．A．enjoying classical musicB．buying children's booksC．visiting history museums43．In Amsterdam，she ．A．climbed the beautiful mountains B．traveled along the river in a boat C．wrote some postcards in her hotel 44．She didn't need to worry about her safety in Copenhagen because ．A．there was very little crime there B．the city was full of friendly people C．she thought she was careful enough．BWhen I opened my e﹣mail the other day，Rachel，a pretty woman，appeared on my computer screen．She greeted me by name and started talking happily．Sometimes she stopped to smile at me or blow a kiss．It was cool，right？In fact，she was reading to me an e﹣mail from my brother John．Rachel could be there because of a new technology called Facemail lets you send in a funny way．By using it，your e﹣mails can be read to the receiver by an attractive person or by a clown．You can download the software atwww．Facemail．comwithout paying．Facemail faces are lively and they can simulate the emotions that you put in you text．For example，type in，and Rachel blows a kiss．LifeFX，the company that developed the Facemail，is sure there are wide business uses．Why is e﹣business not so popular now？One of the reasons is that buying online has no human touch．But if you go to the Nike website，and the famous basketball star Michael Jordan greets you by name，serves you，and personallycloses the sale，won't you be happy？Also，if mom can't be home when kids get back from school，she can leave a note with a voice and picture on the screen to tell them what there is to eat．It's true that Facemail makes life easyand fun，but it should be used with care．The clown looks lively and funny at first．But if you choose the clown，put a few rude words in an e﹣mail and add some angry emotions，you've got a Psycho mail．46．In fact，who is Rachel？A．She is a pretty actress．B．She is John's girlfriend．C．She is not a real person．47．What is the main advantage of Facemail？A．You don't need to pay for it．B．E﹣mail can be attractive in a more lovely way．C．You can ask a beautiful woman to read the e﹣mail to you．48．What does the underlined expression"closes the sale"probably mean？A．停止营业B．达成交易C．取消折扣49．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？A．You should't choose a clown．B．Facemail can be widely used in business．C．Mom can show her kids how to cook by Facemail．50．What is the writer's attitude（态度）towards Facemail？A．He thinks it's a danger to the Internet．B．He thinks it needs further improvement．C．He thinks it's a cool and funny technology．CLet children learn to judge（判断） their own work．A child doesn't learn to talk by being corrected all the time．If he is corrected too much，he will stop talking．He notices a thousand times a day the differences between the language he uses and the language others use．Little by little，he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people's．In the same way，children learn to do all the other things without being taught﹣towalk，run，climb or ride a bicycle．They compare their performances with those of more skilled people，and slowly make the changes．But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes and correct them himself．We do it all for him．We thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him，to correct it unless he has made to．Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher．Let him work out with the help of other children if he wants it．If it is a matter in math or science，give him the answer book．Let him correct his own papers．Why should we teachers waste time on such daily work？Our job should be to help the children when they tell us that he can't find the way to get the right answer．Let the children learn what all educated persons must learn，how to measure（估量） their own understanding，how to know what they know or do not know．Let them get on with this job in their ways．School teachers can offer help if they ask for it．Some parents and teachers are worried that the children might fail to learn something that they will need to get in the world．Don't worry!If it is important，they will go out into the world and learn it．51．According to the passage，the best way for children to learn things is by ．A．being always correctedB．following adult's adviceC．doing as other people do52．The writer thinks teachers in schoolshould ．A．encourage students to learn from each otherB．teach students how to get the answers directlyC．tell students what is wrong as often as possible53．The underlined sentence in the third paragraph means ．A．teachers can't correct students'papers B．teachers needn't waste time teaching students in classC．teachers should help students improve their learning ability54．We can infer（推断） that from the passage．A．studentscan face any challenge easily B．studentscan learn a lot in the real life C．studentscan grow up without others'help 55．The best title of the passage may be ．A．Let Us Teachers Stop WorkingB．Let Children Learn by Themselves C．Let Parents Understand Their Kids．Ⅶ.阅读理解（二）（每小题10分，共20分）根据短文内容，从方框内的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．ARecently，a very simple question became widely spread online：what China should be proud of？（61）Lanlan，whose real name is Negar Kordi，is from Canada．She came to China five years ago and is a student at Ningbo University．Now she has 120，000fans on the Internet and the number is still growing．Lanlan loves China and Chinese．（62）And that's why she is so well received among Chinese net friends．The following is china in her eyes．"It is the easiest country in which to find a job．If you are not too lazy，it is really very simple to find a job in China．I believethere're more job chances here than in any other country in the wold．""（63）About 400million Chinese are studying English．If they can speak good English in the future，China will have the greatest number of English speakers of any non﹣English speaking country．""The speed of Chinese trains is fast．From Ningbo to Beijing，the train runs 1，365kilometers for seven hours and the ticket fare is only 595yuan．""Its public security is great．（64）I have travelled in many countries，and I think China really is very safe．""There are much more things China should be proud of．Many Chinese people often criticize（批评）China．At first，I believed that they didn't like china or that they loved western countries．But later，I realized that they just set a very high standard for China．（65）China must be much better than other countries．"A．The foreign language level is surprising．B．This country of 1.4billion people makes me feel safe．C．A foreign girl living in china gave a very touching answer．D．They believe that it's not enough to be number one in the world．E．She believes china will be the strongest country in the world in future．B阅读下面图文，简要回答所给问题，并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上．According to new research，recently，some terrible events that teachers were abused （辱骂）on some websites by students happened in the UK．It had a bad influence on schools and the society．The British Teaching Union did a survey of 7500 teachers．We can get some information from the following data（数据） and know how the teachers who were abused dealt with the problem．You know teachers are often destroyed by the terrible abuse．Some have lost their confidence to teach and have left school．The survey showed many of the bad comments related to teachers' looks，abilities and behaviors．We've got another data from it．It SHOWS the bad comments were made by not only students but their parents．Please look at the following chart．It is clear that we should take some methods to protect teachers from the abuse．We think that the way to solve the problem is the better understanding among teachers，students and parents．Besides good communication，respecting（尊敬） each other is very important．If so，they can get on well with each other．66．What result did these terrible events lead to according to the passage？67．From Chart One，how did 50% of the teachers deal with the abuse？68．What percent of the bad comments were made by parents in total？69．What is the way to solve the abuse problemaccording to the passage？70．After reading the passage，what do you think of this kind of social phenomenon（现象）？．Ⅷ.词语运用（每小题10分，共10分）请根据语篇内容，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，使短文意思通顺、正确、连贯，并将答案填写到答题卡相应的位置上．方框中有两个词是多余项．I make teach afterlarge controltry leaf small quietbefore withoutAs a child，I got angry quite easily and was not good at communicating with others．I still remember it was an early autumn．Some （71）started to turn yellow and weather became cool．One day，as I was getting ready for school，my mother carelessly handed me my father's vest（背心）instead of （72）．At that time，I was getting to havea （73）size than my father，so when I put on the vest，I felt as if I wasn't able to breathe!I realized that it was a small mistake which （74）by my mother，but somehow the breathless feeling was so strong that it made me very angry．My mother said sorry with a smile，but I shouted at her （75）thinking much，I got it off my body so wildly that I made a hole in it．I put on my own vest and rushed out of the house （76）my mother could stop me．Later，my mother shared her bad feelings with my father，"See what your son has done．"Instead of scold（责备）or beat me，my father （77）asked my mother to mend the vest．Later when my mother told me about my father's response，I felt ashamed（惭愧的）of my bad behavior．My father's gentle kindness （78）me a lesson which I would never forget．On that day，I decided not to let anger（79）me any longer．Of course，there are times when I am angry．However，whenever that happens，I （80）to remember my father's vest．It always reminds me to think about others'feelings when I get angry．。