国际商法作业

四、12月1日，卖方发给买方以25美元每件的价格出售5000件小工具的要约。该要约表示：“该报价的有效期到12月31日。”12月10日，买家回应说:“你方价格太高了，我不接受你方的要约。”之后，12月15日，买家改变了主意，给卖方发送了一份电报说：“我方最终接受了你方的12月1日的要约。”卖家回应说:“你方的承诺是太晚了,因为你方已经拒绝了这一报价。”反过来，买家回应说：“既然你方承诺你方报价的有效期到12月31日，那么该承诺已经生效。”在CISG条款下，这里有合同存在吗?

Answer: In this case, On December 1, The Seller sent the Buyer an offer which will remain open until December 31, but Buyer rejected the offer on December 10, then the offer is terminated, though Buyer changed his mind on December 12 and made the acceptance. According to Article 17 of CISG, “An offer, even if it is irrevocable, is terminated when a rejection reaches the offeror, and a rejection becomes effective when it reaches the offeror”, [432]thus there is no existence of the contract.

五、在1月1日，买家收到了一份邮件，向买家销售单价为20美元的小部件5000件。卖家在信内大体这样写到：我方认为这次的要约很具吸引力，除非我方在1月31日之前，收到你方的回复，否则我方将认为你方接受本次要约。”买家没有任何的回

应，卖家于2月1日发货了。根据CISG，在此情况下，买家的责任是什么？

Answer: According to the acceptance rule for CISG, “Silence or inactivity does not, in and of itself, constitute acceptance. ” In this case, the seller send the buyer an invitation to negotiate that says, “I know this is such a good deal that I will assume that you .....” , and the buyer didn’t respond. In this instance, the seller just attempted to force acceptance on the buyer, the silence didn’t constitute acceptance, and this will not create a contract, so there is no responsibility of the Buyer.

六．买卖双方签订了一份书面合同，合同规定卖方供给10000个由买方提供规格的小部件。合同还规定，此合同须经由买卖双方书面签字方可修改。在卖方开工之前，买方通过电话告知卖方小部件的规格有所改变并将数量改为2500，卖方同意。随后，卖方如约生产并交货。但买方以小部件的数量和规格均与合同不符为由拒绝收货。若CISG适用，那么是谁违反了合同？

I think the seller breached the contract.

According to the case, the contract provided that it may only be modified in a writing signed by both parties. But the

seller agreed the change by phone. So the contract is not modified. Thus, the products the seller delivered did not conform to the contract.

七、买卖双方在CISG的下达成了一项合同——卖方要在1月1日前将一台精致电脑发给买方。而卖方延迟发送了，因此买方在1月2号电告卖方：“速发电脑，望能够在2月1号到达。”而卖方在2月5号才发货，但是买方拒绝收货并宣称要解除合同因为卖方没在1月2号电告之后按照明细在2月1号之前履行合同要求。买卖双方均认为没有从根本上违背合同。买方在此情境是否能解除合同？

Answer: Yes, the buyer can avoid the contract. Under CISG, the buyer may avoid a contract if the buyer gives the seller a Nachfrist notice and the seller does not perform within the period it specifies. In this case, the seller failed to hand over the computer before the February 1 after the buyer’s telegram. So the buyer has a right to avoid the contract.

十、卖方与买方达成合约以14000美金的价格卖给买方1000桶油。当货到达买方时，其中的975桶是符合合同中的描述的, 另外的25桶因被污染而不被接受。以当地市场的价

格来说，每25桶为一个单位每桶18美金。而卖方没有支付被污染油的价格。问：此条约在CISG的管理条例之下么？如果是的话，买方应该支付多少？

--------Yes, there is a contract under the CISG, because the nonconformity didn’t amount to a fundamental breach.

As for the payment, firstly, the original price is＄14000. And 25 barrels of oil was contaminated, secondly, the price under the contract is＄14 per barrel, but the local price is＄18, so under the damage provision of CISG【Article 74】, the seller should pay for the damages which includes the loss of profit.

In all.

14000－14×25－(18－14)×25=13550

So, the buyer should pay ＄13550 to the seller.