虚拟语气在各种从句中的应用

虚拟语气在各种从句中的应用

一．在主语从句中，用来表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等，其谓语形式是“(should) + 动词原形”，常用于下列三种句型中：

1. It is necessary (vital,important, natural, strange, wonderful, proper, right, good, wrong, impossible, etc.) + that -clause

e.g. It is important that we (should) master a foreign language.

2. It is a pity ( a shame, no wonder, your duty, etc.) + that-clause.

e.g. It is a great pity that he should be so careless.

3. It is suggested (ordered, proposed, requested, etc.) + that-clause.

e.g. It is requested that she should sing an English song.

在上述句型的主语从句中，should意为“应该”，“竟然”，可以省去，但不可换用would, 主句所用的时态不限。

二．在宾语从句中

1. 用于wish后的宾语从句中，表示未实行的活不可能实现的愿望，汉语可译为“可惜”、“......就好了”、“悔不该......”，“但愿......”等。

B.用法：

a. 与现在相反的愿望：

I wish I were ten years younger.

I wish I knew how to drive a car.

b. 与过去事实相反的愿望：

I wish I had gone to the football match last night.

I wish you had been here yesterday.

c. 与将来可能相反的愿望：

I wish the boys would be quiet.

He wishes you would go and visit him.

注：

1. hope + 宾语从句（陈述语气），表示的是可能实现的愿望，比较：

I hope it is true. I wish it were true.

2. 用于command（命令），insist（坚持要），suggest（建议），propose（建议），order（命令）以及request（恳求），desire（希望）等之后的宾语从句中，表示“要求、请求、建议、命令等，其谓语形式是：“should + 动词原形”（should可省，但不可换用would）。

e.g. I suggest that he (should) be sent to hospital as soon as possible.

常见动词：一坚持，二命令，四建议，九要求。即:

1.insist

2. order, command 4. advise, suggest,propose,recommend

9.ask,claim,demand,desire,decide, instruct,require, request,urge

三．在表语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是：suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等，从句谓语形式是（should可省，但不可换用

would）。

His suggestion is that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the question.

注：as if引导的从句也可作表语从句，as if从句用虚拟语气，如：

She felt as if she were going to die.

在It looks (seems, sounds) as if后的表语从句中，如果接近事实的可能性大，也可用陈述语气。It looks as if it is going to rain.

四．在同位语从句中，在suggestion, proposal, order, idea等名词后面的同位语从句中，通常用(should) + 动词原形。

They received orders that the work (should) be done at once.

五．在状语从句中

1.用于as if, as though引导的方式状语从句中，表示虚拟语气比较（或方式）其谓语形式与wish后的宾语从句相同。

She looked after the orphan as if he were her own child.

They are talking as if they had been friends for many years.

The man looked very worried as if something would happen to him.

2.用于that, so that, in order that引导的目的状语从句中，其谓语形式是“may (might, can, could) + 动词原形”。

I warned him in order that he might keep out of their quarrels.

3.用于让步状语从句中：表虚拟让步

由even if引导的让步状语从句中，其谓语形式与if虚拟条件句相同等。例如：

Nothing could have saved him even if he had been tended without delay.

但又though, whatever等连词引导的让步状语从句，谓语形式常用：“（may）+ 动词原形”，主句所用动词时态不限。

I won’t let you in whoever you may be.

4.在条件状语从句中

B：各种情况（略）

六：在定语从句中

用于It is (high) time...句型中，that从句相当于定语从句，其谓语动词形式是：“动词的过去式或should + 动词原形，在后一种形式中should不可省略。

It is time (that) you went (or: should go) to bell.

七：虚拟语气在简单句中的应用：

1. Would you mind smoking here?

Would you be kind enough to open the door?

Could you lend me some money?

2. Would you like...? I’d rather do...You’d better do...

3. Long live the People’s Republic of China!

4. May you be happy! May you succeed. (表祝愿)