生态学双语专业英语单词

合集下载

生态学专业英语词汇

生态学专业英语词汇

《生态学专业英语词汇》一、生态学基础词汇1. 生态系统(Ecosystem)2. 生物多样性(Biodiversity)3. 生态位(Niche)4. 食物链(Food Chain)5. 食物网(Food Web)6. 生物量(Biomass)7. 生产者(Producer)8. 消费者(Consumer)10. 环境因子(Environmental Factor)二、生态学过程与现象1. 竞争(Competition)2. 捕食(Predation)3. 共生(Symbiosis)4. 生物入侵(Biological Invasion)5. 生物放大(Biological Magnification)6. 生态演替(Ecological Succession)7. 生物地球化学循环(Biogeochemical Cycle)8. 碳循环(Carbon Cycle)9. 氮循环(Nitrogen Cycle)10. 水循环(Water Cycle)三、生态学分支与研究方向1. 景观生态学(Landscape Ecology)2. 生态系统生态学(Ecosystem Ecology)3. 行为生态学(Behavioral Ecology)4. 进化生态学(Evolutionary Ecology)5. 环境生态学(Environmental Ecology)6. 应用生态学(Applied Ecology)7. 恢复生态学(Restoration Ecology)8. 城市生态学(Urban Ecology)9. 乡村生态学(Rural Ecology)10. 海洋生态学(Marine Ecology)四、生态学实验与技术研究1. 生态调查(Ecological Survey)2. 样方调查(Quadrat Sampling)3. 实验设计(Experimental Design)4. 遥感技术(Remote Sensing)5. 地理信息系统(GIS)6. 生态模型(Ecological Model)7. 生态模拟(Ecological Simulation)8. 环境监测(Environmental Monitoring)9. 生态修复(Ecological Restoration)10. 生物指示物(Bioindicator)五、生态学政策与管理1. 生态保护(Ecological Conservation)2. 生态红线(Ecological Red Line)3. 生态补偿(Ecological Compensation)4. 生态规划(Ecological Planning)5. 生态风险评估(Ecological Risk Assessment)6. 可持续发展(Sustainable Development)7. 生态文明建设(Ecological Civilization Construction)8. 环境影响评价(Environmental Impact Assessment)9. 生态系统服务(Ecosystem Services)10. 自然保护区(Nature Reserve)六、生态学理论与概念深化1. 生态效率(Ecological Efficiency)描述能量或物质在生态系统中从一个营养级传递到下一个营养级的效率。

生态学双语词汇汇编

生态学双语词汇汇编
《生态学双语教学词汇汇编》
Part I 蒋维 Part II +Part V罗隆诚 Part III 官情 Part IV 涂纯
Part I 生物与环境 生态因子 密度制约因子与非密度制约因子 协同进化 物种 自然选择(稳定性选择/单向性选择/分裂性选择) 适应、适应组合 趋同适应与趋异适应 拟态/保护色/警戒色 生物钟 休眠 生态因子(主导因子/限制因子/最小因子定律/补偿效应) 耐受性定律(生态幅/生态价)狭食(光、温、盐、栖、湿)性/广食性 生态位 驯化 内稳态 光补偿点/光饱和点 C3植物/C4植物 阳性植物/阴性/耐阴性 昼行性/夜行性动物 光周期 长日照/短日照 光污染/光化学烟雾 温变周期 三基点温度 年轮 有效积温法则 春化 恒温/变温动物 贝格曼法则
Part V 景观生态学与全球生态学 尺度 干扰 景观 PCM模式 斑块(干扰/残存/环境资源/诱导斑块) 边缘效应(固有边缘/诱导边缘/边缘种/内部种) 半岛/漏斗效应 廊道 全球变化 全球变暖/温室效应 温室气体 LUCC
Part VI 应 重建 改良 修复 更新 再植 生态工程 生态系统服务
阿伦定律 热岛效应 水生/陆生植物 沉水/浮水/挺水植物 湿生/中生/旱生植物
Part II 种群生态学 种群 密度/绝对/相对密度/粗密度/生态密度 标志-重捕法 单体/构建生物 种群分布/集群/随机/斑块 种群统计学 出生率/死亡率 迁出/迁出率 年龄结构 性比 世代周期 生命表/动态、静态生命表 种群增长率 内禀增长率 存活曲线/死亡曲线 生命预期 离散式增长/连续式增长 周限增长率 指数式增长/罗吉斯蒂增长 环境容纳量 密度制约/非密度制约 生物/气候/综合学派 集合种群 SLOSS
Part IV 生态系统生态学 生态系统 生产者/消费者/分解者 食草动物/食肉动物/大型食肉动物 食物链(草牧/腐食(碎屑)/寄生食物链) 食物网 营养级 生态金字塔(能量/生物量/数量金字塔) 生态效率 摄取/同化/呼吸/生产量 同化效率/生产效率/消费效率/林德曼效率 反馈(正/负) 生态平衡 能量流动 物质循环 初级生产/次级生产 自养/异养生物

生态学的英文专业术语

生态学的英文专业术语

Abiotic
Factors
in an environment that are not or never were alive. Examples: rock island, gases, water, sun, minerals and temperature.
Climate
Definition? The
Levels of Organization Cont.
No
individual organism lives completely on its own. It may live with other individuals of the same species to form a population. Several populations living together make up a community. Several communities in a given area make up a biome.

Habitat
Competition is the struggle between two organisms within their habitat. If a species can avoid competing they may co-exist. But if they compete, one will eventually drive the other out of the habitat, unless they have slightly different niches. Example: times of activity
Levels of Biological Organization

《普通生态学》专英词汇

《普通生态学》专英词汇

《普通生态学》专英词汇Ecology生态学Interaction相互作用Individual个体Population种群Community群落Ecosystem生态系统Assemblage集合Mixture混合体Biosphere生物圈Scale尺度Field approach野外研究法Experimental approach实验研究法Theoretical approach理论研究法Environment环境Macro environment大环境Micro environment小环境Marco climate大气候Micro climate小气候Biome生物群系Ecological factor生态因子Habitat生境Density dependent factor密度制约因子Density independent factor非密度制约因子Coevolution协同进化Liebig’s “law of minimum”利比希最小因子定律Law of limiting factors限制因子定律Limiting factor限制因子Law of tolerance耐受性定律Ecological amplitude生态幅Ecological valence生态价Eury-广,steno-狭Eurythermal广温性stenothermal 狭温性Euryhydric 广水性stenohydric 狭水性Euryhaline 广盐性stenohaline 狭盐性Euryphagic 广食性stenophagic 狭食性Euryphotic 广光性stenophot ic 狭光性Euryecious 广栖性stenoecious 狭栖性Euryedapic 广土性stenoedapic 狭土性Homeostasis 内稳性Epilimnion 上湖层Thermocline 斜温层、温梯层Hypolimnion 下湖层Photosynthetically active radiation 光合有效辐射Etiolation phenomenon 黄化现象Photosynthetic capacity 光合任用Daily rhythm 昼夜节律Photoperiodism 或photoperiodicity 光周期现象Long day plant 长日照植物Short day plant 短日照植物Day intermediate plant 中日照植物Day neutral plant 日中性植物Long day animal 长日照动物Short day animal 短日照动物Diaqause 滞育Homeotherm 常温动物Poikilothem 变温动物Ectotherm 外温动物Endotherm 内温动物The thermoneutral zone 热中性区Temperature coefficient 温度系数Freeze injury 冻害Chilling injury 冷害Developmental threshold temperature 发育阈温度Biological zero 生物学零度Sum of heat 总积温Sum of effective temperature 有效积温Phtsiological time 生理时间Vernalization 春化Acclimation 驯化Acclimatization 气候驯化Bergmann`s rule 贝格曼规律Allen`s rule 阿伦规律Countercurrent heat cxchange 逆流热交换Nonshivering thermogenesis 非颤抖性产热Brown adipose tissue 褐色脂肪组织Heterothermy 异温性Daily torpor 日麻痹Hibernation 冬眠Estivation 夏眠Heterotherm 异温动物Adaptive hypothermia 适应性低体温Polar nature 极性性质High heat capacity 高热容量Precipitation 降雨量Atmosphere humidity 大气湿度Relative humidity 相对湿度Transpiration 蒸腾Field capacity 田间持水量Hygrophyte 湿生植物Mesad 中生植物Siccocolous 旱生植物Apuatic plant 水生植物Water balance 水平衡Hypertonic 高渗性的Hypotonic 低渗性的Isotonic 等渗的Water loss 失水Countercurrent exchange 逆流交换Urea 尿素Uricacid 尿酸Humidity 湿度Snow cover 雪被Energy metabolism 能量代谢Hypoxia adaptation 高海拔低氧的适应2、3-diphosphoglycreate,DPG 2、3-二磷酸甘油酸Pco2 分压Green-house effect 温室效应Texture 土壤质地Soil structure 土壤结构Soil moisture 土壤水分Fossorial mammal 地下兽Soil temperature 土壤Soil acidity 土壤酸度Humus 腐殖质Psammophyte 沙生植物Crown fire 林冠火Surface fire 地面火Population 种群Unilary organism 单体生物Modular organism 构件生物Ramets 无性系分株Species 物种Size 大小Evolutionary individual进化个体Internal distribution pattern 内分布型Dispersion 分布Random 随机的Uniform 均匀的Clumped 成群的Architecture 建筑学结构Natality 出生率Mortality 死亡率Demography 种群统计学Age pyramid 年龄锥体Stage structure 时期结构Size classes个体大小群Sex ratio 性比Life table 生命表Cohort 同生群Cohort analysis 同生群分析Agespecific survival rate 特定年龄存活率Life expectancy 生命期望Killing power致死力Net reproductive rate净生产率Key factors关键因子k-factor analysis K-因子分析killing factor致死因子survivorship curve存活曲线generation time世代时间innate rate of increase内禀增长率density-independent growth与密度无关的种群增长per-capita rate of population growth每员增长率density-dependent growth 与密度有关的种群增长carrying capacity环境容纳量logistic equation逻辑斯谛方程minimum viable population最小可存活种群ecological invasion生态入侵nutrient recovery hypothesis营养物恢复学说Wyune-Edwards 行为调节学说(温-爱德华学说) Christian内分泌调节学说(克里斯琴学说) Chitty奇蒂学说Metapopulation集合种群Local population局域种群Patch斑块Local scale局域尺度Metapopulation scale集合种群尺度Geographical scale地理尺度Local breeding population局域繁殖种群Turnover周转Genotype基因型Phenotype表现型Diploid二倍体Homologous同源Gene基因Allele等位基因Locus座位Homozygous纯合的Herterozygous杂合的Codominant共显性的Dominant显性的Recessive隐性Polygenic多基因的Gene pool基因库Genotypic frequency基因型频率Gene frequency基因频率Hardy-Weinberg Law哈代-魏伯格定律Variation变异Gelelectrophoresis凝胶电泳Allozyme别构酶Polymorphism多态现象Geopraphic variation地理变异Cline渐变群Subspecies地理亚种Natural selection自然选择Fitness适合度Selective coefficient选择系数Genetic drift遗传漂变Fixation固定Evolutionary forces进化动力Founder effect建立者效应Founder population建立者种群Stabilizing selection稳定选择Directional selection定向选择Disruptive selection分裂选择Gamete selection配子选择Kin selection亲属选择Group selection群体选择Sexual selection性选择Speciation物种形成Gene flow基因流Geographical theory of speciation地理物种形成学说Reproductive isolating mechanism繁殖隔离机制Polyploidy多倍体Adaptive radiation适应辐射Life history生活史Body size身体大小Growth rate生长率Reproduction繁殖Longevity寿命Bionomic strategy生态对策Life history strategy生活史对策Darwinian demons达尔文魔鬼Trade-off权衡Energy allocation能量分配Semelparity单次繁殖Parental care亲体关怀Current reproduction当前繁殖Future reproduction未来的繁殖Reproductive value生殖价Bet—hedging两面下注Diapause滞育Dormancy休眠Seed bank种子库Crytobiosis潜生现象Torper蛰伏Hibernation冬眠Aestivation夏眠Migration迁徙Dispersal扩散Morphological form形态学形状Generation世代Metamorphosis变态Optimization in habitat utilization生境利用最优化Mechanistic level 机械水平Mutation-accumulation突变积累Antagonistic pleiotropy拮抗性多效Competition竞争Cannibalism自相残杀Predation捕食Parasition寄生Mutualism互利共生Parasitoidism拟寄生Commensualism偏利共生Amensualism偏害共生Intraspecific relationship种内关系Intraspecific competition 种内竞争Territoriality领域性Law of constant final yield最后产量法则Self-thinning自疏Ecology of ***性别生态学Parental investment亲代投入Hermaphrodite雌雄同体Self-compatibility自我兼容Cleistogamous闭花受精Recombine重组Red Queen effect红皇后效应Fisher’s *** ratio theory Fisher氏性比理论Rare typeadvantage稀少型有利Equal investment相等投入Local resource competition局域资源竞争Local mate competition局域交配竞争Sexual selection性选择Intra***ual selection性内选择。

生态学专业名词

生态学专业名词

《生态学专业名词》•Ecology生态,•biodiversity生物多样性•environment 环境•ecological factor 生态因子,•adaptation 适应•atmosphere大气圈 , •hydrosphere水圈, •lithosphere岩石圈•Law of the minimum 最小因子定律,•Law of tolerance耐受限度定律•Limiting factors 限制因子,ecological valence 生态效应•organisms 有机体, •Bergmann’s rule 贝格曼法则,•Allen’s rule艾伦法则•osmotic pressure 渗透压•cartilaginous fish 软骨鱼 ,•isosmotic 等渗•population community种群; •ecosystem 生态系统•biosphere 生物圈 , •edificator 建群种, •phototropism光周期 , •biological zero characteristic发育起始温度(生物学零度) , •Effective accumulated temperature 有效积温, •population dynamics 种群动态,•sampling method 取样法• quadrat method 样方法,•mark-recapature method, 标志重捕法•life cycle 生命表 , •survivorship curve存活曲线• Gause principle高斯原则 , •niche生态位•Trophic level 营养级 , •ecological efficiency生态效率•grazing food chain捕食食物链•detrital food chain碎屑食物链•balance of nature 自然平衡, •ecological balance 生态平衡•primary production初级生产者•secondary production次级生产者•gross primary production总初级生产量•net primary production净初级生产量•Logistic equation 逻辑斯谛方程••nitrifying bacteriu硝化细菌,•producers生产者 , •consumers 消费者,•decomposers 分解者,•latent period 开始期•accelerating period 加速期•transition period 转折期•declining period 减速期 , •saturating period饱和期. •sustainable development可持续发展•equilibrium 平衡,•eruption 爆发,•extinction 灭绝, •dispersion 分散,• orchard果园• water eutrophication 水体富营养化• monoclimax hypothesis单元顶级学说• climatic climax 顶级气候•zootic climax 动物演替顶级•Competition竞争 , •predation 捕食 ,• paralitism 寄生•Commensalisms共生 , •illumination 光照,•age pyramid 年龄锥体• terrestrial ecosystem陆地生态系统••ecological succession 生态演替,•biomass 生物量• nutrient 营养,•density 密度,•thermodynamics热力学。

生态学词汇

生态学词汇

·生态学词汇1.abundance多度2.Acclimatization 驯化、顺应3.Adaptive radiation 辐射适应4.age—specific life table 特定年龄生命表5.Allen’s rule 艾伦法则6.association 群丛7.Bergman’s rule 伯格曼定律8.Biocoenosis 生物群落9.Biodiversity 生物多样性10.Biogeochemical cycle 生物地(球)化(学)循环11.Biological zero 生物学零度12.carnivore 肉食动物13.carrying capacity 环境容纳量14.coevolution 协同进化munity 群落16.consumption efficiency 消费效率17.convergent adaptation 趋同适应18.decomposer 分解者19.density dependent factor 密度制约因子20.density independent factor非密度制约因子21.detrital food chain 碎屑食物链22.diapause 滞育23.dominance 优势度24.dominance species 优势种25.dormancy 休眠26.ecological amplitude 生态幅27.ecological efficiency 生态效率28.ecological natality生态出生率29.ecological niche生态位30.ecotone 群落交错区31.ectotherm 外温动物32.edge effect边缘效应33.effective accumulationtemperature 有效积温34.eutrophication水体富营养化35.food chain食物链36.food web食物网37.gene pool基因库38.genetic drift遗传飘变39.grazing food chain 捕食食物链40.guild 同资源种团,共位体41.herbivore 植食动物、草食动物42.isotonic 等渗的43.keystone species 关键种w of limiting factors 限制因子法则w of the minimum 最低量法则w of tolerance 耐受性法则47.Liebig 利比希48.life form生活型49.Lindemans efficiency 林德曼效率50.MSY最大持续产量51.phenology物候学52.Population种群53.Primary consumer一级消费者54.Primary succession原生演替55.principle of competitiveexclusion竞争排斥原理56.pyramid of energy 能量椎体57.pyramid of number数量椎体58.survival curve存活曲线59.synusia 层片60.trophic level营养级61.61、xerarch succession 早生演替。

生态学专业英语

生态学专业英语

生态学专业英语Ecology is the scientific study of the relationships between living organisms and their environment. It is a multidisciplinary field that encompasses biology, chemistry, geology, and physics. Ecologists study the interactions between organisms and their environment, including how organisms adapt to their environment and how they affectthe environment. The goal of ecology is to understand the principles that govern the distribution and abundance of organisms.Ecologists use a variety of methods to study ecosystems, including field observations, laboratory experiments, and mathematical modeling. They may study a wide range of organisms, from microorganisms to plants and animals, and their interactions with each other and their environment.One important concept in ecology is the idea of the ecosystem, which is a community of organisms and thephysical environment with which they interact. Ecosystems can be as small as a pond or as large as a forest, and they can include both living and nonliving components.Ecologists study how energy and nutrients flow throughecosystems and how these flows influence the distribution and abundance of organisms.Another important concept in ecology is the idea of sustainability, which is the ability of an ecosystem to maintain its balance over time. Ecologists study how human activities, such as agriculture, urbanization, and pollution, affect the sustainability of ecosystems and how we can manage ecosystems to promote sustainability.In conclusion, ecology is a fascinating and important field that helps us understand the natural world and how we can live in harmony with it. By studying the interactions between organisms and their environment, ecologists can help us make informed decisions about how to manage our natural resources and protect the environment for future generations.生态学是一门研究生物与环境之间关系的科学。

生态学与陆地生态系统专业词汇

生态学与陆地生态系统专业词汇

生态学与陆地生态系统专业词汇英汉对照表absorption.吸收abundance n.丰度abundance ratio丰度比aerophyte n.附生植物air current 气流airdry weight 风干重量airslake vt.风化algea n.藻类, 海藻alpine vegetation高山植被anandrous adj.无雄蕊的anatomise v.解剖, 解析animalcule 微生物anthotaxy /n./植/花序anthropogenic succession 人为演替aquatic macrophyte vegetation水生大型aquatic vegetation水生植物群(落)arbor /5B:b[/ n. 乔木arctic grassland北极草地aridity n.干旱; 贫瘠, 荒芜,干燥性association 群从autoecious adj.[植] 寄生的,(雌雄)异苞同株autotrophic organism 自养生物azotobacteria;hitrgenfixing 固氮作用azotobaction nitrogenfixation 固氮菌bark n.树皮bed rock 基岩billabong n.死水,洼地blue-green algae 蓝藻broadleaf n.阔叶烟草, 阔叶树bud n.芽, 蓓蕾vi.发芽, 萌芽camellia n.[植]茶属, 茶花, 山茶camphor n.[化]樟脑,樟category 种类cay 珊瑚礁chamaephyt 地上芽植物chlorophyll 叶绿素climatic climax vegetation气候顶极植被climatogenic succession 气候性演替climax 演替顶级climax vegetation顶极植被climber n.【植】攀缘植物closed vegetation郁闭植被cloudage n.云量unlight 日照clump n.土块v.丛生coenotype群落类型community n. (生物)群落comparability 相似性component n.成分adj.组成的, 构成的conifer forest 针叶林coniform adj.圆锥形的corrade v.侵蚀craggedness n.陡峭, 崎岖crown of a tree 树冠crust vegetation【生态】结皮植被cupule [5kju:pju:l] n.杯状凹, 壳斗, 吸盘demonstrator 指示性dicotyledon n.双子叶植物difference in temperature 温差dominance 优势种downy adj.绒毛的, 柔和的, 多丘岗的, 丘原的ecological age 生态年龄ecological balance 生态平衡ecological indicator生态指示种ecological stability 生态稳定性ecological succession生态演替ecotype n. /生/生态型effective radiation 有效辐射ellipse n.[数]椭圆, 椭圆形environmental gradient 环境梯度epal n.【植】萼片epiphytic vegetation附生植被eucalypt n.[植]桉树fecundation n.受胎作用, 受精, 受胎flora n. 植物群(某一地区或某一时代的一切植物)植物区系; 植物志florescence n.开花, 开花期forest vegetation森林植物群落framework 组织frigid zone 寒带fungoid n.菌类genus n.种, 类geophytes n.地下芽植物geographic distribution地理分布germ n.微生物, 细菌germinate vi. 发芽, 发育gradient 梯度grass n.【植】禾本科植物grassland n. 草原, 草地, 牧场grassland vegetation草本植被ground vegetation地面植被groundling n. 匍匐植物habitat 生境halophytic vegetation盐生植物hectare n.公顷(等于1万平方米)herbaceous 草本的herbaceous aquatic vegetation草本水生植被herbage n.草本, 草heterotrophy 【生】异养(性)hill n.小山, 丘陵, 斜坡, 山岗humus n.腐殖质hungriness n.饥饿, 荒漠, 渴望hydrophilous vegetation喜水植被indicator vegetation指示植被inlay n.镶嵌intrazonal vegetation隐域植被isotherm n.[地球物理]等温线kittul n.[植] 棕榈leaf layer叶层leaf stalk叶柄sliane n.[植] (=liana) 藤本植物, 蔓生植物liane n./植/ 藤本植物, 蔓生植物lichen 地衣苔藓lichen vegetation地衣植被life intensity 生活强度lowland n.低地magnolia n.木兰, 玉兰类的mangrove vegetation红树植被marine vegetation海洋植物群(落) maritime vegetation海岸植被matted vegetation铺地植被meadow n. 草甸, 草地, 牧场;mesophyll 叶肉monsoon n.季候风, (印度等地的)雨季,季风native vegetation原生植被; 乡土植被nectar gland 蜜腺net Productivity 净生产力nitrate plant 硝盐植物nitrobacteria 硝化细菌noxious aquatic vegetation有毒水生植物群落open vegetation开阔植被ovary n.子房ovule n.胚珠, 卵子parasitic 寄生的peel off 剥落petan.【植】花瓣photosynthesis 光合作用phreatophyte n.[植]( 根深达地下潜水层的) 地下水湿生植物phyllome n. 【植】叶丛; 初始叶;叶原physiological drought 生理干旱phytocoenosis 植物群落pollen n.花粉prairie vegetation草原植被precipitation rain fall 雨量prematurity n.早熟, 过早, 早开花primary production 第一性生产primary succession 原生演替productivity 生产力(率)protist 原生生物pyiogenic succession 火成演替quama n.鳞片, 鳞, 鳞状物recent vegetation现代植被redox 氧化还原regeneration of vegetation 植被再生relative humidity 相对湿度reproduce vi.繁殖, 生殖robur n.[植] 栎树(一种中大型的乔木)root system 根系rosebush n.蔷薇, 灌木sand dune n.[地]沙丘saturation [n] 使饱和,secondary environment次生环境secondary forest 次生林sedge n.[植]莎草shrubbery n.灌木, 灌木林shrubbery mass 灌木群social dominance 群落优势sparseness n.稀疏, 稀少spicebus n.[植]山胡椒, 洋腊梅,stable vegetation【生态】稳定植被straitness n.狭, 狭窄, 狭隘structure 结构submerged vegetation沉水植被substrate ,[生]基质succession 演替succession of community 群落演替summergreen broad-leaf forest 夏绿阔叶林supplant vt.排挤掉, 代替swamp n.沼泽, 湿地,swampland n. 沼泽地temperate grassland温带草原temperate zone n.[地]温带texture n. 质地;纹理;结构;构造theca n.[动][解]囊, 膜, 鞘thorn n.[植]刺, 棘, 荆棘topsoil 上层土,表层土transition n.转变, 转换, 跃迁, 过渡, 变调tropic n.[天](天球的)回归线, 热带tundra n.苔原, 冻土地带turves n.泥炭unstable vegetation不稳定植被upgrowth n.生长, 发育, 发达, 成长物upland grassland高原草原vegetable cover 植物覆盖层vegetation n.[植]植被, (总称)植物、草木vegetation period 植物生长期viviparity n.胎生, 母体发芽water table 潜水面waxen adj.蜡的, 蜡制的, 似蜡的, 柔weathering n.侵蚀, 风化woody 木本的xeromorphic vegetation旱生植被zonal vegetation显域植被, 地带性植被absorption.吸收adaptability 适应性adaptation 适应,amino acid氨基酸, 胺anther.花粉囊autotrophic organism自养生物autotrophic plant自养植物autotrophism 自然氧化biochemistry 生化breath.呼吸, 气息carbon element碳素coenosium群落coenotype群落类型corolla花冠dormancy睡眠, 冬眠ecology 生态学entomoplily[植]虫媒environmental factors环镜因素enzyme[生化]酶fungorum真菌状的,geographic distribution地理分布halophyte盐土植物heliophyte阳生植物heterotroph[生]异养生物homolohydric plant定水植物horny substance 角质hygrophyte湿生植物idiotrophic自养型illumination conditions 光照条件infiltrate渗透inflorescence开花, [植]花, 花序intimidate 胁迫malacophyllous xerophyte软叶植物mesophyte.[植]中生植物metabolism.新陈代谢, 变形metallophyte[生化]金属蛋白moisture content水分net illumination 净光合作用net productivity 净生产力nitrobacteria.硝化细菌perianth [植] 花被photochemical action 光化作用Photosynthesis 光合作用physiology 生理学phytochrome[生化](植物的)光敏色素pistil雌蕊poikilohydric plant变水植物pollination授粉pore气孔protoplasm [生]原生saturation point 开花, [植]花, 花序饱和点sciophyte[植]阴地植物sclerophyllous xerophyte硬叶植物shrub layer灌木层shrubbery灌木丛灌木群shrub灌木, 灌木丛stamen雄蕊, 雄性花蕊stigma (植物)柱头stipule[植]托叶succulent肉质植物terrestrial 陆地transpire 蒸发water potential 水势xerophyte plant旱生植物zonality地带分布。

各个学科的英文单词

各个学科的英文单词

各个学科的英文单词一、自然科学1. Biology(生物学)2. Chemistry(化学)3. Physics(物理学)4. Astronomy(天文学)5. Geology(地质学)6. Oceanography(海洋学)7. Meteorology(气象学)8. Ecology(生态学)9. Mathematics(数学)10. Statistics(统计学)二、社会科学11. Economics(经济学)12. Sociology(社会学)13. Psychology(心理学)14. Anthropology(人类学)15. Political Science(政治学)16. History(历史)17. Geography(地理学)18. Law(法学)19. Philosophy(哲学)20. Linguistics(语言学)三、工程技术21. Engineering(工程学)22. Computer Science(计算机科学)23. Electrical Engineering(电气工程)24. Mechanical Engineering(机械工程)25. Civil Engineering(土木工程)26. Chemical Engineering(化学工程)27. Environmental Engineering(环境工程)28. Biomedical Engineering(生物医学工程)29. Aerospace Engineering(航空航天工程)30. Industrial Engineering(工业工程)四、艺术与人文31. Literature(文学)32. Art(艺术)33. Music(音乐)34. Dance(舞蹈)35. Theater(戏剧)36. Film Studies(电影研究)37. Architecture(建筑学)38. Religion(宗教)39. Classics(古典学)40. Cultural Studies(文化研究)五、医学与健康41. Medicine(医学)42. Nursing(护理学)43. Pharmacy(药学)44. Public Health(公共卫生)45. Nutrition(营养学)46. Sports Science(运动科学)47. Physiology(生理学)48. Anatomy(解剖学)49. Pathology(病理学)50. Immunology(免疫学)六、商业与管理51. Business Administration(工商管理)52. Marketing(市场营销)53. Finance(金融学)54. Accounting(会计学)55. Human Resources(人力资源管理)56. Management(管理学)57. Entrepreneurship(创业学)58. International Business(国际商务)59. Supply Chain Management(供应链管理)60. Project Management(项目管理)各个学科的英文单词七、教育与培训61. Education(教育学)62. Pedagogy(教学法)63. Curriculum Development(课程开发)64. Special Education(特殊教育)65. Adult Education(成人教育)66. Vocational Training(职业教育)67. Teacher Training(教师培训)68. Educational Psychology(教育心理学)69. Educational Technology(教育技术)70. Higher Education(高等教育)八、环境科学71. Environmental Science(环境科学)72. Conservation Biology(保护生物学)73. Sustainable Development(可持续发展)74. Climate Science(气候科学)75. Environmental Law(环境法学)76. Environmental Policy(环境政策)77. Environmental Economics(环境经济学)78. Urban Planning(城市规划)79. Environmental Engineering(环境工程)80. Environmental Sociology(环境社会学)九、农业科学81. Agronomy(农学)82. Horticulture(园艺学)83. Animal Science(动物科学)84. Soil Science(土壤科学)85. Plant Pathology(植物病理学). Agricultural Economics(农业经济学)87. Agricultural Engineering(农业工程)88. Food Science(食品科学)89. Fisheries Science(渔业科学)90. Forestry(林业)十、体育与运动91. Sports Science(运动科学)92. Exercise Physiology(运动生理学)93. Sports Psychology(运动心理学)94. Kinesiology(运动机能学)95. Physical Education(体育教育)96. Sports Medicine(运动医学)97. Athletic Training(运动训练)98. Coaching(教练学)99. Recreation(休闲学)100. Sports Management(体育管理)人文与社会科学1. Anthropology(人类学)2. Archaeology(考古学)3. Economics(经济学)4. Geography(地理学)5. History(历史学)6. Law(法学)7. Linguistics(语言学)8. Philosophy(哲学)9. Political Science(政治学)10. Psychology(心理学)11. Sociology(社会学)12. Anthropology(人类学)13. Archaeology(考古学)14. Economics(经济学)15. Geography(地理学)16. History(历史学)17. Law(法学)18. Linguistics(语言学)19. Philosophy(哲学)20. Political Science(政治学)21. Psychology(心理学)22. Sociology(社会学)23. Anthropology(人类学)24. Archaeology(考古学)25. Economics(经济学)26. Geography(地理学)27. History(历史学)28. Law(法学)29. Linguistics(语言学)30. Philosophy(哲学)31. Political Science(政治学)32. Psychology(心理学)33. Sociology(社会学)34. Anthropology(人类学)35. Archaeology(考古学)36. Economics(经济学)37. Geography(地理学)38. History(历史学)39. Law(法学)40. Linguistics(语言学)41. Philosophy(哲学)42. Political Science(政治学)43. Psychology(心理学)44. Sociology(社会学)45. Anthropology(人类学)46. Archaeology(考古学)47. Economics(经济学)48. Geography(地理学)49. History(历史学)50. Law(法学)51. Linguistics(语言学)52. Philosophy(哲学)53. Political Science(政治学)54. Psychology(心理学)56. Anthropology(人类学)57. Archaeology(考古学)58. Economics(经济学)59. Geography(地理学)60. History(历史学)61. Law(法学)62. Linguistics(语言学)63. Philosophy(哲学)64. Political Science(政治学)65. Psychology(心理学)66. Sociology(社会学)67. Anthropology(人类学)68. Archaeology(考古学)69. Economics(经济学)70. Geography(地理学)71. History(历史学)72. Law(法学)73. Linguistics(语言学)74. Philosophy(哲学)75. Political Science(政治学)76. Psychology(心理学)77. Sociology(社会学)78. Anthropology(人类学)80. Economics(经济学)81. Geography(地理学)82. History(历史学)83. Law(法学)84. Linguistics(语言学)85. Philosophy(哲学). Political Science(政治学)87. Psychology(心理学)88. Sociology(社会学)89. Anthropology(人类学)90. Archaeology(考古学)91. Economics(经济学)92. Geography(地理学)93. History(历史学)94. Law(法学)95. Linguistics(语言学)96. Philosophy(哲学)97. Political Science(政治学)98. Psychology(心理学)99. Sociology(社会学)100. Anthropology(人类学)。

环球雅思中小学-【必备词汇】托福考试学科核心词汇之生态学

环球雅思中小学-【必备词汇】托福考试学科核心词汇之生态学
waste 固体废物 sewage / wastewater 污水 sewage purification 污水净化 swage disposal 污水处理 decibel(噪音)分贝
托福考试学科核心词汇之生态学 托福考试中常常涉及一些学术性的内容,所以,熟悉这些学科的核心词汇非常重要。本系列中,小编就按照学科 分类给大家归纳学术核心词汇。 生态学 ecology 生态学 ecosystem 生态系统 balance of nature 自然界生态平衡 fauna 动物群 flora 植物群 rain forest 雨林 food chain 食物链 acid rain 酸雨 greenhouse 温室效应 infrared radiation 红外线辐射 ozone layer / ozonosphere 臭氧层 ultraviolet radiation 紫外辐射 pollution control 污染控制 air pollution 空气控制 water pollution 水污染 noxious / toxic 有毒的 fumes(有毒的)废气 waste 废物

生态学相关英语词汇

生态学相关英语词汇

生态学相关英语词汇acid rain酸雨afforestation植树造林algae梅藻amphibian两栖类的,两栖动物balance of nature生态平衡bio-diversity生物多样性biosphere生物圈CFCs氟利昂decibel分贝deforestation采伐森林desertification土地沙漠化domestic sewage生活污水ecocide生态灭绝eco-friendy良好的环境eco-label生态标志ecological condition生态环境ecologist生态学家ecology生态学.对环境的科学研究ecosystem生态系,生态系统eco-tourist生态旅游;生态旅游业effluent流出物,排除物environmentalist环境工作者;环境问题专家fauna动物群flora植物群fumes有毒的废气global warming全球变暖green groups绿色环保组织greenhouse effect温室效应infrared radiation红外线辐射mammal哺乳动物noxious有毒的nucleic acid(生物)核酸ozone hole臭氧洞ozone layer臭氧层photosynthesis光合作用plankton(总称)浮游动物p0Ilufion index污染指数polymer聚合物refuse垃圾、废物sewage污水sewage disposal污水处理sewage plant污水处理厂sewage purification污水净化soil pollution土壤污染solid waste固体垃圾stratosphere同温层ultraviolet radiation紫外线辐射wipe out a species物种灭绝。

生态学英语词汇-EcologyEnglish

生态学英语词汇-EcologyEnglish

生态学英语词汇-EcologyEnglish生态学词汇生态学ecologyhigher education press 高等教育出版社textbook series for 21st century 面向21世纪课程教材biosphere 生物圈economics 经济学the economy of Nature 自然经济molecular ecology 分子生态学evolutionary ecology 进化生态学autecology 个体生态学physiological ecology 生理生态学population ecology 种群生态学community ecology 群落生态学ecosystem ecology 生态系统生态学landscape ecology 景观生态学global ecology 全球生态学terrestrial ecology 陆地生态学marine ecology 海洋生态学freshwater ecology 淡水生态学island ecology 岛屿生态学urban ecology 城市生态学restoration ecology 恢复生态学engineering ecology 生态工程学human ecology 人类生态学ecological ethics 生态伦理学ecology of plants 植物生态学environment 环境space environment 宇宙环境global environment 地球环境geoenvironment 地理环境regional environment 区域环境microenvironment 微环境inner environment 内环境ecological factors 生态因子ecological environment 生态环境habitat 生境fitness 适合度homeostasis 内稳态homeostatic organisms 内稳态生物non-homeostatic organisms 非内稳态生物eitiolation phenomenon 黄化现象mytilus 贻贝macrosiphum 蚜虫thertnoperiodism 温周期现象phenology 物候学torpor 冬眠dispause 滞育population 种群population genetics 群体遗传学density 密度number 数目unitary organism 单体生物modular organism 构件生物module 构件natality 出生率mortality 死亡率sex ratio 性比age distribution 年龄分布life table 生命表survivorship curve 存活曲线cohort 同生群innate rate of increase 内禀增长率density-independent growth 与密度无关的增长per capitagrowth rate 每员增长率instantaneous rate of increase 瞬时增长率Logistic equation 逻辑斯谛方程maximum sustained yield 最大持续产量ecological invasion 生态入侵spatial pattern 空间格局internal distribution pattern 内分布型uniform 均匀型random 随机型clumped 成群型two dimentional net function interpolation method 二维网函数插值法threeterm local variance analysis 三项轨迹方差法hierarchical analysis of variance 等级方差分析法enigration 迁出immigration 迁入migration 迁移architecture 建筑学结构life history 生活史life cycle 生活周期traits 遗传特性development 发育growth 生长vegetative propagation 营养繁殖spore reproduction 孢子生殖sexual reproduction 有性生殖asexual reproduction 无性生殖exogenous migration 外因性迁移endogenous migration 内因性迁移reproductive effort 繁殖成效present reproductive value 剩余繁殖价值parental investment 亲本投资principle of allocation 分配原理reproductive costs 繁殖成本reproductive patterns 繁殖格局semelparity 一次繁殖生物iteroparity 多次繁殖生物lifespan 生命年限lifetime 寿命r-strategistis r-策略者opportunist 机会主义者conservatism 保守主义ruderal 杂草competition 竞争stress 胁迫selective fertilization 选择受精sexual selection 性选择ornamentation 修饰coloration 色泽courtship behavior 求偶行为sexual dimorphism 雌雄二形the descent of man selection in relation to sex 人类的由来及性选择intraspecific relationship 种内关系interspecific relationship 种间关系positive interaction 正相互作用negative interaction 负相互作用density effect 密度效应the effect of neighbours 邻接效应density independent 非密度制约density dependent 密度制约self-thinning 自疏现象faculative parthenogenesis 兼性孤雌生殖polygyny threshold 多配偶阈值monogamy 单配偶制polygamy 多配偶制polygany 一雄多雌制polyandry 一雌多雄制territory 领域social group 社群territorial behavior 领域行为territoriality 领域性social hierachy 社会等级dominant-submissive 支配-从属ferulic acid 阿魏酸vanillic acid 香草酸niche 生态位spatial niche 空间生态位trophic niche 营养生态位fundamental niche 基础生态位realized niche 实际生态位hypervolume 超体积habitat 生境predation 捕食作用prey 被捕食者predator 捕食者community 群落biocoenosis 生物群落ecotone 群落交错区phytocoenology 植物群落学geobotany 地植物学phytosociology 植物社会学pioneer stage 先锋阶段climax stage 顶极阶段individualistic concept 个体论概念constructive species 建群种subdominant 亚优势种companion species 伴生种rare species 偶见种abundance 多度dominant 优势abundant 丰盛frequent 常见occasional 偶见rare 稀少very rare 很少relative density 相对密度density ratio 密度比coverage 盖度cover ratio 盖度比frequency 频度frequency diagram 频度图解law of frequency 频度定律height 高度weight 重量。

(完整版)生态学(双语)专业英语单词

(完整版)生态学(双语)专业英语单词

K-对策者 K-strategistisn维超体积资源空间 n—dimensional hyper—volume n维生态位 n—dimensional nicheRaunkiaer定律 Law of Frequencyr-对策者 r—strategistis奥陶纪 Ordovician period白垩土草地 chalk grassland斑块 patch斑块性 patchiness斑块性种群 patchy population半荒漠 semi—desert半矩阵或星系图 constellation diagrams伴生种 companion species饱和密度 saturation density饱和期 asymptotic phase保护哲学 conservation philosophy北方针叶林 northern conifer forest被动取样假说 passive sampling hypothesis本能 instinct本能行为 instinctive behavior避敌 avoiding predator边缘效应 edge effect变异性 variability标志重捕法 mark recapture methods标准频度图解 frequency diagram表现型适应 phenotypic adaptation并行的 simultaneous并行同源 paralogy捕食 predation不重叠的 non-overlapping残存斑块 remnant patch残余廊道 remnant corridor操作性条件作用 operant conditioning草原生态系统 grassland system层次性结构 hierachical structure产卵和取食促进剂 oviposition and feeding stimulant 产业生态学 industry ecology长日照植物 long day plant超体积生态位 hyper—volume niche成本外摊 externalized cost程序化死亡 programmed cell death尺度效应 scaling effect抽彩式竞争 competive lottery臭氧层破坏 ozone layer destruction出生率 natality或birth rate初级生产 primary production初级生产力 primary productivity初级生产者 primary producer传感器 sensor串行的 serial垂直结构 vertical structure春化 vernalization次级生产 secondary production次级生产力 secondary productivity次生演替 secondary successon粗密度 crude density存活曲线 survival curve存活值 survival value存在度 presence搭载效应 hitchhiking effect大陆—岛屿型复合种群 mainland—island metapopulation 带状廊道 strip corridor单联 single linkage单体生物 unitary organism单位努力捕获量 catch per unit effort单元的 monothetic淡水生态系统 fresh water ecosystem氮循环 nitrogen cycling等级(系统)理论 hierarchy theory等级的 hierarchical底内动物 infauna底栖动物 benthos地表火 surface fire地带性生物群落 biome地理信息系统 geographic information system地面芽植物 hemicryptophytes地上芽植物 chamaephytes地植物学 geobotany第三纪 Tetiary period第四纪 Quaternary period点突变 genic mutation或point mutation电荷耦合器 charge coupled device, CCD顶极阶段 climax stage顶极群落 climax community顶极种 climax species动态率模型 dynamic pool model动态平衡理论 dynamic equilibrium theory动态生命表 dynamic life table动物痕迹的计数 counts of animal signs动物计数 counts of animals冻原 tundra短日照植物 short day plant断层 gaps多波段光谱扫描仪 multichannel spectrum scanner, MSS 多度 abundance多样化 variety多元的 poly thetic厄尔尼诺El Nino反馈feedback反射reflex泛化种generalist防卫行为defennce behavior访花昆虫flower visitor非等级的non-hierarchical非空间模型non—spatial model非内稳态生物non-homeostatic organism非平衡态复合种群nonequilibrium metapopulation非平衡态跟踪生境复合种群nonequilibrium habitat—tracking metapopulation非平衡态下降复合种群nonequilibrium declining metapopulation非生态位non-niche非生物环境physical environment非线性关系nonlinear分布dispersion分解者decomposer分支过程branching process分子分类学molecular taxonomy分子进化的中性理论the neutral theory of molecular evolution分子生态学molecular ecology分子系统学molecular systematics浮游动物plankton负反馈negative feedback)负荷量carrying capacity负相互作用negative interaction负选择negative selection附底动物epifauna复合种群metapopulation富营养化现象eutrohication改良relamation盖度coverage盖度比cover ratio干扰disturbance干扰斑块disturbance patch干扰廊道disturbance corridor干扰作用interference高度height高斯假说Coarse's hypothesis高斯理论Coarse’s theory高位芽植物phanerophytes格林威尔造山运动Grenville Orogenesis 个体individual个体论概念individualistic concept更新renewal功能生态位functional niche攻击行为aggressive behavior构件modules构件生物modular organism关键种keystone species关联系数association coefficients光饱和点light saturation point光补偿点light compensation point光周期photoperiod过滤器filter哈德-温伯格原理Hardy-Weinberg principle 海洋生态系统Ocean ecosytem寒武纪Cambrian period旱生植物siccocolous河流廊道river corridor恒有度contancy红树林mangrove呼吸量respiration互利mutualism互利素synomone互利作用synomonal化感作用allelopathy化学防御chemical defence化学生态学chemical ecology化学物质allelochemicals化学隐藏chemocryptic划分的divisive环境environment环境伦理学environmental ethics环境容纳量environmental carryin capacity环境资源斑块environmental resource patch环境资源廊道environmental resource corridor 荒漠desert荒漠化desertification荒漠生态系统desert ecosystem黄化现象eitiolation phenomenon恢复生态学restoration ecology混沌学chaos混合型mixed type活动库exchange pool获得性行为acquired behavior机体论学派organismic school基础生态位Fundamental niche基质matrix极点排序法polar ordination集群型clumped寄生parasitism加速期accelerating phase价值value价值流value flow间接排序indirect ordination间接梯度分析indirect gradiant analysis减速期decelerating phase简单聚合法lumping碱性植物alkaline soil plant建群种constructive species接触化学感觉contact chemoreception解磷菌或溶磷菌Phosphate—solubiIizing Microorganisms, PSM 进化适应evolutionary adaptation经典型复合种群classic metapopulation经济密度economic density景观landscape景观格局landscape patten景观过程模型process based landscape model景观结构landscape structure景观空间动态模型spatial dynamic landscape model景观生态学landscape ecology净初级生产量net primary production竞争competition竞争排斥原理competition exclusion principle静态生命表static life table局部种群local population距离效应distance effect聚合的agglomerative均匀型uniform菌根mycorrhiza抗毒素phytoalexins可持续发展sustainable development 空间结构spatial structure空间模型spatial model空间生态位spatial niche空间异质性spatial heterogeneity 库pool矿产资源mineral resources廊道corridor离散性discrete利己素allomone利己作用allomona利他行为altruism利他作用kairomonal连续体continuum联想学习associative learning猎食行为hunting behavior林冠火crown fire磷循环phosphorus cycling零假说null hypothesis领悟学习insight learning领域性territoriality流flow绿色核算green accounting逻辑斯谛方程logistic equation铆钉假说Rivet hypothesis密度density密度比density ratio密度制约死亡density-dependent mortality 面积效应area effect灭绝extinction铭记imprinting模拟hametic模型modeling牧食食物链grazing food chain内禀增长率intrinsic rate of increase内稳态homeostasis内稳态生物homeostatic organisms内源性endogenous内在的intrinsic耐阴植物shade-enduring plants能量分配原则principle of energy allocation 能量流动energy flow能源资源energy resources能值emergy泥盆纪Devonian period拟寄生parasitoidism逆分析inverse analysis年龄分布age distribution年龄结构age structure年龄性别锥体age—sex pyramid年龄锥体age pyramids偶见种rare species排序ordination配额quota配偶选择mate selection偏害amensalism偏利commensalism频度frequency平衡选择balancing selection平台plantform平行进化parallel evolution栖息地habitat期望值外推法extrapolation by expected value 气候驯化acclimatisation器官organs亲本投资parental investment亲族选择kin selection趋光性phototaxis趋化性chemotaxis趋同进化convergent evolution趋性taxis趋异进化divergent evolution趋异适应radiation adaptation取食促进剂oviposition and feeding stimulant 取样调查法sampling methods去除取样法removal sampling全联法complete linkage全球global全球变暖global warnning全球定位系统global Positioning System全球生态学global ecology确限度fidelity群丛association群丛单位理论association unit theory群丛组association group群落community群落的垂直结构vertical structure群落生态学community ecology群落水平格局horizontal pattern群落外貌physiognomy群落演替succession群系formation群系组formation group热带旱生林tropical dry forest热带季雨林tropical seasonal rainforest热带稀树草原tropical savanna热带雨林tropical rainforest热力学第二定律second law of thermodynamics 热力学第一定律first law of thermodynamics 人工斑块introduced patch人工廊道introduced corridor人口调查法cencus technique人口统计学human demography日中性植物day neutral plant冗余redundancy冗余种假说Redundancy species hypothesis三叠纪Triassic period森林生态系统forest ecosystem熵值entropy value上渐线upper asymptotic社会性防卫行为defence behavior社会优势等级dominance hierarchy摄食行为feed behavior生活史life history生活史对策life history strategy生活小区biotope生活型life form生活周期life cycle生境habitat生境多样性假说habitat diversity hypothesis 生理出生率physiological natality生理死亡率physiological mortality生命表life table生态出生率ecological natality生态对策bionomic strategy生态反作用ecological reaction生态幅ecological amplitude生态工程ecological engineering生态工业ecological industry生态规划ecological planning生态恢复ecological restoration生态经济ecological economics生态旅游ecotourism生态密度ecological density生态农业ecological agriculture生态入侵ecological invasion生态设计ecological design生态适应ecological adaptation生态死亡率ecological mortality生态位niche生态位宽度niche breadth生态位相似性比例niche proportional similarity 生态位重叠niche overlap生态文明ecological civilization生态系统ecosystem生态系统产品ecosystem goods生态系统多样性ecosystem diversity生态系统服务ecosystem service生态系统生态学ecosystem ecology生态系统学ecosystemology生态型ecotype生态学ecology生态因子ecological factor生态元ecological unit生态作用ecological effect生物organism生物地球化学循环biogecochemical cycle生物多样性biodiversity生物量biomass生物潜能biotic potential生物群落biotic community,biome生物群落演替succession生殖潜能reproductive potential剩余空间residual space失共生aposymbiosis湿地wetland湿地生态系统wetland ecosystem湿地植物hygrophyte时间结构temporal structure实际出生率realized natality实际死亡率realized mortality食草动物herbivores食肉动物carnivores食物链food chain食物网food wed矢量vector适合度fitness适应辐射adaptive radiation适应值adaptive value适应组合adaptive suites收获理论harvest theory收益外泄externalized profit衰退型种群contracting population 水平格局horizontal pattern水土流失soil and water erosion 水循环water cycling瞬时增长率instantaneous rate死亡率mortality & death rate松散垂直耦连loose vertical coupling松散水平耦连loose horizontal coupling溯祖过程coalescent process溯祖理论coalescent theory酸性土理论acid soil plant酸雨acid rain随机型random碎屑食物链detritus food chainK-对策者K—strategistisn维超体积资源空间n-dimensional hyper—volume n维生态位n—dimensional nicheRaunkiaer定律Law of Frequencyr—对策者r-strategistis奥陶纪Ordovician period白垩土草地chalk grassland斑块patch斑块性patchiness斑块性种群patchy population半荒漠semi-desert半矩阵或星系图constellation diagrams伴生种companion species饱和密度saturation density饱和期asymptotic phase保护哲学conservation philosophy北方针叶林northern conifer forest被动取样假说passive sampling hypothesis本能instinct本能行为instinctive behavior避敌avoiding predator边缘效应edge effect变异性variability标志重捕法mark recapture methods标准频度图解frequency diagram表现型适应phenotypic adaptation并行的simultaneous并行同源paralogy捕食predation不重叠的non—overlapping残存斑块remnant patch残余廊道remnant corridor操作性条件作用operant conditioning草原生态系统grassland system层次性结构hierachical structure产卵和取食促进剂oviposition and feeding stimulant 产业生态学industry ecology长日照植物long day plant超体积生态位hyper—volume niche成本外摊externalized cost程序化死亡programmed cell death尺度效应scaling effect抽彩式竞争competive lottery臭氧层破坏ozone layer destruction出生率natality或birth rate初级生产primary production初级生产力primary productivity初级生产者primary producer传感器sensor串行的serial垂直结构vertical structure春化vernalization次级生产secondary production次级生产力secondary productivity次生演替secondary successon粗密度crude density存活曲线survival curve存活值survival value存在度presence搭载效应hitchhiking effect大陆—岛屿型复合种群mainland-island metapopulation 带状廊道strip corridor单联single linkage单体生物unitary organism单位努力捕获量catch per unit effort单元的monothetic淡水生态系统fresh water ecosystem氮循环nitrogen cycling等级(系统)理论hierarchy theory等级的hierarchical底内动物infauna底栖动物benthos地表火surface fire地带性生物群落biome地理信息系统geographic information system 地面芽植物hemicryptophytes地上芽植物chamaephytes地植物学geobotany第三纪Tetiary period第四纪Quaternary period点突变genic mutation或point mutation电荷耦合器charge coupled device, CCD顶极阶段climax stage顶极群落climax community顶极种climax species动态率模型dynamic pool model动态平衡理论dynamic equilibrium theory动态生命表dynamic life table动物痕迹的计数counts of animal signs动物计数counts of animals冻原tundra短日照植物short day plant断层gaps多波段光谱扫描仪multichannel spectrum scanner, MSS多度abundance多样化variety多元的poly thetic厄尔尼诺El Nino反馈feedback反射reflex泛化种generalist防卫行为defennce behavior访花昆虫flower visitor非等级的non-hierarchical非空间模型non—spatial model非内稳态生物non-homeostatic organism非平衡态复合种群nonequilibrium metapopulation非平衡态跟踪生境复合种群nonequilibrium habitat—tracking metapopulation非平衡态下降复合种群nonequilibrium declining metapopulation非生态位non-niche非生物环境physical environment非线性关系nonlinear分布dispersion分解者decomposer分支过程branching process分子分类学molecular taxonomy分子进化的中性理论the neutral theory of molecular evolution 分子生态学molecular ecology分子系统学molecular systematics浮游动物plankton负反馈negative feedback)负荷量carrying capacity负相互作用negative interaction负选择negative selection附底动物epifauna复合种群metapopulation富营养化现象eutrohication改良relamation盖度coverage盖度比cover ratio干扰disturbance干扰斑块disturbance patch干扰廊道disturbance corridor干扰作用interference高度height高斯假说Coarse’s hypothes is高斯理论Coarse's theory高位芽植物phanerophytes格林威尔造山运动Grenville Orogenesis个体individual个体论概念individualistic concept更新renewal功能生态位functional niche攻击行为aggressive behavior构件modules构件生物modular organism关键种keystone species关联系数association coefficients光饱和点light saturation point光补偿点light compensation point光周期photoperiod过滤器filter哈德-温伯格原理Hardy—Weinberg principle 海洋生态系统Ocean ecosytem寒武纪Cambrian period旱生植物siccocolous河流廊道river corridor恒有度contancy红树林mangrove呼吸量respiration互利mutualism互利素synomone互利作用synomonal化感作用allelopathy化学防御chemical defence化学生态学chemical ecology化学物质allelochemicals化学隐藏chemocryptic划分的divisive环境environment环境伦理学environmental ethics环境容纳量environmental carryin capacity环境资源斑块environmental resource patch环境资源廊道environmental resource corridor 荒漠desert荒漠化desertification荒漠生态系统desert ecosystem黄化现象eitiolation phenomenon恢复生态学restoration ecology混沌学chaos混合型mixed type活动库exchange pool获得性行为acquired behavior机体论学派organismic school基础生态位Fundamental niche基质matrix极点排序法polar ordination集群型clumped寄生parasitism加速期accelerating phase价值value价值流value flow间接排序indirect ordination间接梯度分析indirect gradiant analysis减速期decelerating phase简单聚合法lumping碱性植物alkaline soil plant建群种constructive species接触化学感觉contact chemoreception解磷菌或溶磷菌Phosphate-solubiIizing Microorganisms, PSM 进化适应evolutionary adaptation经典型复合种群classic metapopulation经济密度economic density景观landscape景观格局landscape patten景观过程模型process based landscape model景观结构landscape structure景观空间动态模型spatial dynamic landscape model 景观生态学landscape ecology净初级生产量net primary production竞争competition竞争排斥原理competition exclusion principle静态生命表static life table局部种群local population距离效应distance effect聚合的agglomerative均匀型uniform菌根mycorrhiza抗毒素phytoalexins可持续发展sustainable development空间结构spatial structure空间模型spatial model空间生态位spatial niche空间异质性spatial heterogeneity库pool矿产资源mineral resources廊道corridor离散性discrete利己素allomone利己作用allomona利他行为altruism利他作用kairomonal连续体continuum联想学习associative learning猎食行为hunting behavior林冠火crown fire磷循环phosphorus cycling零假说null hypothesis领悟学习insight learning领域性territoriality流flow绿色核算green accounting逻辑斯谛方程logistic equation铆钉假说Rivet hypothesis密度density密度比density ratio密度制约死亡density-dependent mortality 面积效应area effect灭绝extinction铭记imprinting模拟hametic模型modeling牧食食物链grazing food chain内禀增长率intrinsic rate of increase内稳态homeostasis内稳态生物homeostatic organisms内源性endogenous内在的intrinsic耐阴植物shade-enduring plants能量分配原则principle of energy allocation 能量流动energy flow能源资源energy resources能值emergy泥盆纪Devonian period拟寄生parasitoidism逆分析inverse analysis年龄分布age distribution年龄结构age structure年龄性别锥体age-sex pyramid年龄锥体age pyramids偶见种rare species排序ordination配额quota配偶选择mate selection偏害amensalism偏利commensalism频度frequency平衡选择balancing selection平台plantform平行进化parallel evolution栖息地habitat期望值外推法extrapolation by expected value 气候驯化acclimatisation器官organs亲本投资parental investment亲族选择kin selection趋光性phototaxis趋化性chemotaxis趋同进化convergent evolution趋性taxis趋异进化divergent evolution趋异适应radiation adaptation取食促进剂oviposition and feeding stimulant 取样调查法sampling methods去除取样法removal sampling全联法complete linkage全球global全球变暖global warnning全球定位系统global Positioning System全球生态学global ecology确限度fidelity群丛association群丛单位理论association unit theory群丛组association group群落community群落的垂直结构vertical structure群落生态学community ecology群落水平格局horizontal pattern群落外貌physiognomy群落演替succession群系formation群系组formation group热带旱生林tropical dry forest热带季雨林tropical seasonal rainforest热带稀树草原tropical savanna热带雨林tropical rainforest热力学第二定律second law of thermodynamics 热力学第一定律first law of thermodynamics 人工斑块introduced patch人工廊道introduced corridor人口调查法cencus technique人口统计学human demography日中性植物day neutral plant冗余redundancy冗余种假说Redundancy species hypothesis三叠纪Triassic period森林生态系统forest ecosystem熵值entropy value上渐线upper asymptotic社会性防卫行为defence behavior社会优势等级dominance hierarchy摄食行为feed behavior生活史life history生活史对策life history strategy生活小区biotope生活型life form生活周期life cycle生境habitat生境多样性假说habitat diversity hypothesis 生理出生率physiological natality生理死亡率physiological mortality生命表life table生态出生率ecological natality生态对策bionomic strategy生态反作用ecological reaction生态幅ecological amplitude生态工程ecological engineering生态工业ecological industry生态规划ecological planning生态恢复ecological restoration生态经济ecological economics生态旅游ecotourism生态密度ecological density生态农业ecological agriculture生态入侵ecological invasion生态设计ecological design生态适应ecological adaptation生态死亡率ecological mortality生态位niche生态位宽度niche breadth生态位相似性比例niche proportional similarity 生态位重叠niche overlap生态文明ecological civilization生态系统ecosystem生态系统产品ecosystem goods生态系统多样性ecosystem diversity生态系统服务ecosystem service生态系统生态学ecosystem ecology生态系统学ecosystemology生态型ecotype生态学ecology生态因子ecological factor生态元ecological unit生态作用ecological effect生物organism生物地球化学循环biogecochemical cycle 生物多样性biodiversity生物量biomass生物潜能biotic potential生物群落biotic community,biome生物群落演替succession生殖潜能reproductive potential剩余空间residual space失共生aposymbiosis湿地wetland湿地生态系统wetland ecosystem湿地植物hygrophyte时间结构temporal structure实际出生率realized natality实际死亡率realized mortality食草动物herbivores食肉动物carnivores食物链food chain食物网food wed矢量vector适合度fitness适应辐射adaptive radiation适应值adaptive value适应组合adaptive suites收获理论harvest theory收益外泄externalized profit衰退型种群contracting population水平格局horizontal pattern水土流失soil and water erosion水循环water cycling瞬时增长率instantaneous rate死亡率mortality & death rate松散垂直耦连loose vertical coupling松散水平耦连loose horizontal coupling溯祖过程coalescent process溯祖理论coalescent theory酸性土理论acid soil plant酸雨acid rain随机型random碎屑食物链detritus food chainK—对策者K—strategistisn维超体积资源空间n—dimensional hyper—volume n维生态位n—dimensional nicheRaunkiaer定律Law of Frequencyr—对策者r—strategistis奥陶纪Ordovician period白垩土草地chalk grassland斑块patch斑块性patchiness斑块性种群patchy population半荒漠semi—desert半矩阵或星系图constellation diagrams伴生种companion species饱和密度saturation density饱和期asymptotic phase保护哲学conservation philosophy北方针叶林northern conifer forest被动取样假说passive sampling hypothesis 本能instinct本能行为instinctive behavior避敌avoiding predator边缘效应edge effect。

生物学英语中英对照

生物学英语中英对照

生物学英语中英对照1. 遗传学 Genetics基因 Gene染色体 Chromosome遗传变异 Genetic variation2. 细胞生物学 Cell Biology细胞 Cell细胞核 Nucleus细胞膜 Cell membrane3. 生态学 Ecology生态系统 Ecosystem生物多样性 Biodiversity生物群落 Biome4. 分子生物学 Molecular Biology蛋白质 Protein核酸 Nucleic acid酶 Enzyme5. 发育生物学 Developmental Biology胚胎发育 Embryonic development细胞分化 Cell differentiation形态发生 Morphogenesis6. 植物学 Botany叶绿体 Chloroplast光合作用 Photosynthesis根系 Root system7. 动物学 Zoology器官 Organ组织 Tissue神经系统 Nervous system8. 微生物学 Microbiology细菌 Bacteria病毒 Virus真菌 Fungus9. 生物化学 Biochemistry代谢 MetabolismATP(三磷酸腺苷) ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)酶促反应 Enzymatic reaction10. 生理学 Physiology心脏 Heart肺 Lung肝脏 Liver生物学英语中英对照(续)11. 进化生物学 Evolutionary Biology自然选择 Natural selection物种形成 Speciation进化树 Evolutionary tree12. 行为生物学 Behavioral Biology繁殖行为 Reproductive behavior领域行为 Territorial behavior社会行为 Social behavior13. 神经生物学 Neurobiology神经元 Neuron突触 Synapse神经递质 Neurotransmitter14. 免疫学 Immunology抗体 Antibody免疫系统 Immune system炎症 Inflammation15. 营养学 Nutrition蛋白质 Protein碳水化合物 Carbohydrate脂肪 Fat16. 遗传工程 Genetic Engineering基因克隆 Gene cloning基因编辑 Gene editing转基因技术 Genetic modification 17. 生态遗传学 Ecological Genetics种群 Population环境适应性 Environmental adaptation遗传漂变 Genetic drift18. 生物信息学 Bioinformatics基因组学 Genomics蛋白质组学 Proteomics生物数据挖掘 Bioinformatics data mining19. 生物统计学 Biostatistics实验设计 Experimental design数据分析 Data analysis显著性检验 Significance test20. 环境生物学 Environmental Biology环境污染 Environmental pollution生态修复 Ecological restoration生物降解 Biodegradation这份生物学英语中英对照文档旨在帮助您更全面地了解生物学领域的专业术语。

生态学专业英语词汇总结

生态学专业英语词汇总结

生态学专业英语词汇总结摘要生态学是研究生物与其所处环境之间的相互关系和作用的科学。

生态学专业是培养具有生态学基础理论和方法,能够从事生态系统管理、保护和恢复等工作的高级人才的专业。

生态学专业的本科核心课程包括基础生态学、代谢生态学、种群生态学、群落生态学、保护生物学、进化生物学、生态系统生态学和生态学研究技术等。

本文旨在为生态学专业的学习和教学提供参考。

1. 基础生态学基础生态学是介绍生态学基本概念、原理和方法的课程,主要内容包括生态系统结构和功能、能量流动和物质循环、环境因子对生物分布和适应的影响、种间关系和群落动态等。

该课程涉及的专业英语词汇如下表所示:中文英文生态学ecology生物organism种species种群population群落community生境habitat生态位niche生物多样性biodiversity物种多样性species diversity物种丰富度species richness物种均匀度species evenness物种相似性species similarity物种区系flora and fauna物种地理分布biogeography生物圈biosphere生态系统ecosystem生产者producer消费者consumer分解者decomposer能量流动energy flow物质循环nutrient cycling碳循环carbon cycle氮循环nitrogen cycle磷循环phosphorus cycle环境因子environmental factor光照light温度temperature水分moisture土壤soilpH值pH value盐度salinity适应性adaptation突变mutation自然选择natural selection遗传漂变genetic drift基因流gene flow物种形成speciation物种灭绝extinction种间关系interspecific interaction共生关系symbiosis寄生关系parasitism共利关系mutualism共栖关系commensalism捕食关系predation2. 代谢生态学代谢生态学是研究生物体在不同环境条件下的能量代谢和物质转化过程及其规律的课程,主要内容包括代谢类型、代谢率、代谢平衡、代谢效率、代谢策略等。

专业英语-生态学教材

专业英语-生态学教材
价值评估实例
森林生态系统提供的碳汇服务,可通过计算其吸收二氧化碳的量,再根据碳汇交易市场价格来评估其价值。
价值评估意义
通过价值评估,可以更好地认识生态系统服务的价值,为生态补偿和生态保护提供依据。
采取生态保护红线、自然保护区、生态补偿等措施来保护生态系统服务。
保护措施
管理策略
国际合作
实施可持续土地利用、生态农业、生态旅游等管理策略,促进生态系统服务的可持续利用。
森林砍伐
城市化进程中,大量的土地被转化为城市建设,破坏了原有的生态系统,影响了动植物的生存和迁徙。
城市化进程
为了满足人类的食物需求,大量的土地被转化为农业用地,导致天然植被减少,生物多样性降低。
农业扩张
The impact of land use change
大气污染
工业废气、汽车尾气等排放到大气中,导致空气质量恶化,影响人类健康,并对全球气候变化产生影响。
气候变化导致生态系统中的物种数量和种群大小发生变化,影响生态系统的稳定性和功能。
生物多样性降低
气候变化导致一些物种灭绝或濒临灭绝,使生物多样性降低。
物种分布改变
由于气候变化,一些物种的生存环境受到威胁,导致它们的分布范围缩小或消失。
The impact of climate change on ecosystems
Research methods for biodiversity
总结词:Researchers use various methods to study biodiversity, including field surveys, ecological modeling, DNA barcoding, and metabarcoding.

生态学英语名词解释

生态学英语名词解释

生态学英语名词解释
生态学是研究生物与环境相互作用的学科,涉及很多专业术语。

本文将为您
介绍一些常用的生态学英语名词,帮助您更好地理解生态学相关的英文文章和研
究成果。

1. Biodiversity - 生物多样性
生物多样性是指地球上所有生物种类、基因和生态系统的多样性。

包括物种多样性、遗传多样性和生态系统多样性。

2. Habitat - 栖息地
栖息地是指为某种生物提供生存和繁殖条件的自然环境或生态
系统。

3. Community - 群落
群落是指在一定空间内所有生物种群的集合体,包括动物、植物和微生物。

4. Ecosystem - 生态系统
生态系统是指生物群落与其非生物环境相互作用的系统,包括生物、土壤、水和气候等环境因素。

5. Biome - 生物群系
生物群系是指在地球上不同地区、具有相似气候和生态条件的生物群落集合体。

6. Endangered species - 濒危物种
濒危物种是指受到威胁、数量锐减、分布范围缩小的物种。

7. Conservation - 保护
保护是指采取措施,保护自然资源和生物多样性,防止生态系统受到破坏或破坏已经发生的生态系统得到修复。

8. Pollution - 污染
污染是指环境中某些物质或能量的浓度或强度超过某种生态系
统或生物种群的容忍限度,而对生态系统或生物种群造成损害的现象。

9. Climate change - 气候变化
气候变化是指地球气候在长期时间尺度上发生的变化,可能是自然因素或人类活动引起的。

生态学专业术语英汉对照2

生态学专业术语英汉对照2

Ecology 生态学individuals 个体population 种群communities 群落ecosystems 生态系统behavioral ecology 行为生态学physiological ecology 生理生态学evolutionary ecology 进化生态学molecular ecology 分子生态学fitness 适合度natural selection 自然选择adaptation 适应genotype 基因型phenotype 表型phenotypic plasticity 表型可塑性offspring 后代genes 基因nongenetic factors 非遗传因素not inherited 不遗传conditions 条件resources 资源environmental variation 环境变异internal regulation 内调节homeostasis 稳态negative feedback 负反馈tolerance 耐受性temperature 温度not depletable 不能耗掉solar radiation 太阳辐射decouple 退耦niche 生态位habitat 栖息地multidimensional niche space 多维生态位空间Fundamental niche基础生态位Realized niche 实际生态位Prey 猎物Foraging 觅食Dimension 轴或维Global wind pattern 地球的风型The circulation of oceans 洋流Rain 降雨Havoc['hævək] 灾害Hurricane 飓风Latitude 纬度Irradiance [i'reidiəns,-si]辐射度Summer solstice 夏至Winter solstice 冬至Adiabatic cooling 绝热冷却Scale 尺度Coriolis effect 科里奥利效应Intertropical convergence zone热带辐合带Jet streams 急流Albedo 反照率Gulf stream 墨西哥湾流Lee of a continent 背风面Upwelling 上涌流Adiabatic lapse rate 绝热温度递减率Inversion 逆温Heat of condensation 凝结热Heat 热Temperature profiles温度剖面Relative humidity 相对湿度Saturated water 饱和水water vapor 水蒸汽microclimate 微气候thermal['θə:məl]conductivity 热传导chemical properties of water 水的化学特性penetration of light through water光线穿透水Energy transfer and water phases能量转化和水相Deplete 耗竭Ions 离子Electropositive 正电性的Electronegative 负电性的Beer’s law 比尔定律Heat capacity 热容量Maximum density 最大密度Latent heat of vaporization增发潜热Heat of fusion 溶解热Sublimation 升华Soil water 土壤水Field capacity 田间持水量The uptake of water by roots根对水的吸收Aquatic plants 水生植物Water availability 水的可利用性Plant productivity 植物生产力Permanent wilting point 永久萎焉点Potential evapotranspiration rate 潜在蒸发蒸腾速率Capillary pores 毛细管孔隙Resource depletion zone 资源枯竭区Halophytes 盐生植物Water balance in fish 鱼类的水平衡Amphibians 两栖类Water conservation by terrestrial animals 陆生动物的水保持Mammalian 哺乳动物Kidneys 肾脏Bladder 膀胱Beavers 河狸Osmoregulation 渗透调节Countercurrent exchange 逆流调节Hypertonic 高渗的Homeotherms 恒温动物Poikilotherms 变温动物Ectotherms 外温动物Endotherms 内温动物Temperature thresholds 温度阀Mechanisms 机理Enzyme 酶The thermoneutral zone 热中性区Dehydration 脱水Rates of development and growth发育和生长速度Acclimation and acclimatization 驯化和气候驯化Developmental threshold Temperature 发育温度阀Physiological time 生理时间Vernalization 春化Species distribution 物种分布Evolved response 进化反应Mean temperature 平均温度Isotherm 等温线Radiant energy 辐射能Photosynthesis 光合作用Efficiency of radiant energy conversion 辐射能的转换效率Changes in the intensity of radiation 辐射强度的变化Strategic and tactical response of plants to radiation 植物对辐射的战略和战术响应Compensation point 补偿点Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)光和活性辐射Efficiency of Photosynthesis 光合作用效率Photosynthetic capacity 光合能力Diurnal and annual rhythms of solar radiation 太阳辐射日节律和年节律Resource depletion zone 资源耗竭带Strategic difference 战略差异Tactical response 战术响应Transpiration 蒸腾Net assimilation 净同化量Nutrient sources 营养物资源Nutrient budgets 营养预算Terrestrial communities 陆地群落Aquatic communities 水生群落Geochemistry 地球化学Global biogeochemical cycles 全球生物地球循环Mechanical weathering 机械风化Chemical weathering 化学腐蚀Wetfall 湿降落Dryfall 干降落Rainout component 雨水冲失成分Washout component 水冲失成分Streamflow 溪流Denitrification 脱氮Endorheic内陆湖泊Biogeochemistry 生物地球化学Hydrosphere carbon 水圈的碳Weathering 风化作用Nitrogen cycle 氮循环Phosphorus 氮Sediment 沉积型Lithospheric 岩石圈Sulfur 硫The fate of matter in the community 群落中物质的命运Producers 生产者Consumers 消费者Decomposers 分解者Autotrophs 自养生物Grazing mammals 草食哺乳动物Phytoplankton 浮游植物Zooplankton 浮游动物Bacteria 细菌Fungi 真菌Nonliving 无生命Food chains 食物链Primary and secondary production 初级和次级生产力Net Primary production 净初级生产力Aphotic zone 无光区Photic zone 透光区Primary consumers 初级消费者Secondary consumer 次级消费者Soil formation 土壤形成The soil profile 土壤剖面Primary classification:the great soil groups 主要分类:大土壤群Higher vegetation 高等植物Dynamic mixture 动态混合物Organic matter 有机质Cells 细胞Pedology 土壤学Subsoil 亚土壤Mineral soil 矿物质土壤Parent material 母质Soil series 土系Soil surveyor 土壤勘测员Succession 演替Ecosystem patterns 生态系统格局Soil horizons 土层Humic acids 腐植酸Great soil groups 土壤群Population size 种群大小Age and stage structure 年龄和时期结构Zygote 受精卵Unitary organism 单体生物Modular organism 构件生物Ramets 无性系分株Clone 无性系Genet 基株Evolutionary individuals 进化个体Immediate ecological impact 直接生态作用Stable age distribution 稳定年龄分布Age pyramid 年龄金字塔Stationary age distribution 固定的年龄分布Stage structure 时期结构Sizes classes 个体大小群Natality 出生率Mortality 死亡率Survivorship 存活率Life tables 生命表K-factor analysis k-因子分析The fecundity schedule 生殖力表Population growth 种群增长Density-independent Population growth 非密度制约性种群增长Density-dependent growth-the logistic equation 密度制约性种群增长:逻辑斯缔方程Life expectancy 生命期望Survivorship curve 存活曲线Cohort 同生群Age-specific survival rate 特定年龄存活率Key factors 关键因子Killing factor 致死因子Basic reproduction rate 基础繁殖率Carrying capacity 环境容纳量Estimating density 估计密度Mark release recapture 标记重捕法Density dependence密度制约Equilibrium population density平衡种群密度Relative density相对密度Allee effect阿利效应Exactly compensating准确补偿Undercompensating补偿不足Overcompensating过度补偿H4Population fluctuations 种群波动Chaos 混沌Expanding and contracting populations 增长种群和收缩种群Stable limit cycle 稳定极限环I1Competition 竞争Predation 捕食Parasitism 寄生Mutualism互利共生Intraspecific competition种内竞争Interspecific competition种间竞争Exploitation competition利用性竞争Interference competition干扰性竞争Cannibalism 自相残杀Altruism 利他主义Commensualism 偏利共生Amensualism偏害共生I2Dispersal扩散Territoriality领域性Niche shift生态位转移Allelopathy异株克生Competive asymmetry 竞争不对称Scramble competition争夺竞争Contest competition格斗竞争Zero net growth isocline零增长等斜线Self-thinning自疏Inbreeding近亲繁殖Reproductive value繁殖价值Leks 求偶场Competitive exclusion 竞争排斥Limiting similarity 极限相似性Competitive release 极限释放Character displacement 性状替换Apparent competition 表观竞争Enemy-free space 无敌空间Highly heterogeneous 高度异质性Gaps 断层Probability refuge 隐蔽机率J1Herbivores 食草动物Carnivores 食肉动物Omnivores 杂食动物Chemical defences 化学防御Behavioral strategies 行为对策Specialists 特化种Generalist 泛化种Monophagous单食者Oligophagous寡食者Polyphagous 多食者Parasites 寄生者J2Predator switching 捕食者转换Profitability of prey 猎物收益率Plant defence 植物防御The ideal free distribution 理想自由分布Functional response 功能反应Superpredation 超捕食K1Parasites 寄生物Modes of transmission 传播方式Social parasites 社会性寄生物Helminth worms 寄生蠕虫Insects 昆虫Necrotrophs 食尸动物Parasitoids 拟寄生物The cellular immune response 细胞免疫反应Vectors 媒介Optimal habitat use 最佳生境利用Brood parasitism 窝寄生Evolutionary constraint 进化约束Immunity 免疫Cevolution协同进化Gene for gene 基因对基因Mimics 模仿Herd immunity 群体免疫Antigenic stability 抗原稳定L1Pollination 传粉Symbiotic 共生性Obligate 专性Lichens 地衣Outcrossing 异型杂交Mitochondria 线粒体Chloroplasts 叶绿体M1Reproductive values 生殖价Hypothetical organism 假定生物Migration 迁移Senescence衰老Diapause 滞育Dormancy 休眠Longevity 寿命Enormous variation 巨大变异Energy allocation 能量分配Semelparity 单次生殖Iteroparity 多次生殖Carrying capacity 容纳量Current/future reproduction当前/未来繁殖Habitat disturbance 环境干扰The current/future reproductive output 当前/未来繁殖输出A high/low cost of reproduction 高/低繁殖付出Seed bank 种子库Torper蛰伏Hibernation 冬眠Cryptobiosis 隐生现象Aestivation 夏眠Migration 迁徙Morphological forms 形态学性状Generations世代Mechanistic level 机制水平Cooperation 合作Grouping-benefits 集群-好处Altruism 利他行为Group defens e 群防御Inclusive fitness 广义适合度Eusociality 真社会性Hymenoptera 膜翅目Haplodiploid 单倍二倍体Venomous sting毒刺N2Sex 性The costs of inbreeding 近交的代价Self-fertilization 自体受精Sexual versus asexual reproduction 有性和无性生殖Sex ratio 交配体制Monogyny 单配制Polygyny 一雄多雌制Polyandry 一雌多雄制Inbreeding depression 近交衰退Hermaphrodite 雌雄同体Recombine 重组Rare type advantage 稀少型有利Equal investment 相等投入Local mate competition局域交配竞争Epigamic 诱惑性Intrasexual selection 性内选择Intersexual selection 性间选择O1Alleles 等位基因Polymorphism 多型Genetic drift 遗传漂变Genetic bottleneck 遗传瓶颈Rare species 稀有物种Extinction 灭绝Chromosome染色体Genotype 遗传型Phenotype 表现型Gene pool 基因库Gel electrophoresis 凝胶电泳O2Gene flow 基因流Differentiation 分化Sibling species 姊妹种Genetic revolution 遗传演变Peripheral isolates 边缘隔离PTransfer efficiencies 转换效率(net)primary productivity (净)初级生产力Respiratory heat 呼吸热Grazer system 牧食者系统Food chains 食物链Pathways of nutrient flow营养物流Food webs 食物网QCommunity structure 群落结构Community boundaries 群落边界Guilds同资源种团Community organization 群落组织Species diversity 物种多样性Energy flow 能量流Superorganism 超有机体Species-poor/rich 物种贫乏/丰富Biomass stability 生物量稳定性Tundra 冻原Island biogeography 岛屿生物地理学Turnover rate 周转率Source of colonists 移植者源Relaxation松弛Edgespecies 边缘物种Interior species 内部物种Corridor 走廊Greenways 绿色通道Community assembly群落集合Grazers 食草动物Carnivores 食肉动物Keystone species 关键物种Dominance control 优势控制Habitat affinity生境亲和力Prey switching 猎物转换RSuccession 演替Climax Community 顶级群落Pioneer species 先锋物种Primary succession 原生演替Alluvial deposit 冲积层Secondary succession 次生演替Acidifying effect 酸化作用Opportunistic机会主义Cellulose 植物纤维素Lignin 木质素Resource ratio hypothesis 资源比假说Fluctuations 波动Cyclic succession 循环演替Disturbance 干扰Patch dynamics板块动态Mini-succession 微型演替Cambium 形成层Neotropical forest 新热带雨林Priority effect 优先效应SVegetation 植被Ecotones 群落交错区Climate map 气候图Biomes 生物群系Heat budget 热量预算Zonation 分带Grassland 草地Primary regions 基本区域Desertification 荒漠化Arctic tundra 北极冻原Alpine tundra 高山冻原Permafrost 永冻层Coniferous boreal forest北方针叶林Temperature forest 温带森林Tropical forest 热带森林Salinization 盐渍化Primary saltwater regions 基本盐水区域Opens oceans 开阔海洋Continental shelves 大陆架The intertidal zone 潮间带Salt marsh 盐沼Mudflats淤泥滩Mangroves 红树林Pelagic 浮游生物Photic zone 有光带Phyto plankton 浮游植物Nekton 自泳动物Benthic 底栖Rocky shore 岩岸Zonation 分带Streams 溪流Ponds 池塘Environmental concerns 环境关系Catchment area 集水区Temperature inversion 温度逆转Biomanipulation 生物处理TThe goals of harvesting 收获目标Quota limitation 配额限制Environmental fluctuation环境波动Maximum possible yiel最大可能产量Net recruitment 净补充量Surplus yield 过剩产量Age structure 年龄结构Population data 种群数据Stable equilibrium 稳定平衡Harvesting effort 收获努力Gun licences 猎枪执照Rod licences钓鱼许可证Upwelling of cold water冷水上升流Fisheries 渔业Ocean productivity 大洋生产力The tragedy of the common公共灾难Overexploitation 过捕Pollution 污染Global decline 全球性下降By-catch 附带收获Community perturbations 群落扰动Oil spills 原油泄漏Eutrophication 富营养化Algal blooms 水华Red tides 赤潮Biomagnification 生物放大作用UPest 有害生物Natural enemies 天敌Ruderal 杂草型Economic/aesthetic injury level 经济/美学损害水平Cultural 栽培Biological control 生物防治‘Silent spring’寂静的春天Chemical toxicity 化学毒性Evolution of resistance抗性进化Microbial insecticide微生物杀虫剂Inoculation接种Augmentation扩大Inundation 爆发VRare species 稀有种Genetic diversity 遗传多样性Extinction 灭绝Endemic species 特有种Habitat fragmentation 生境片段化Insularization 岛屿化Biodiversity 生物多样性Strategies for conservation保育对策Antarctic treaty 南极协议Ecotourism生态旅游WAir pollution空气污染Acid rain 酸雨Water pollutants 水体污染物Soil pollution 土壤污染Acid deposition 酸降Pathogens病源体Chemical oxygen demand 化学需氧量Anaerobes 厌氧菌The greenhouse effect 温室效应Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Ozone 臭氧Photochemical smog 光化学烟雾XOverview 概述Soil erosion 土壤侵蚀Soil compaction 土壤硬结Contour ploughing等高耕作Cover crops 覆盖作物No-till farming 免耕农业。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

生态学-(双语)-专业英语单词————————————————————————————————作者:————————————————————————————————日期:ﻩK-对策者 K-strategistis ﻫn维超体积资源空间 n-dimensional hyper-volumen维生态位 n-dimensional nicheRaunkiaer定律 LawofFrequencyﻫr-对策者r-strat egistis奥陶纪 Ordovicianperiod ﻫ白垩土草地 chalkgrassland ﻫ斑块 patch斑块性 patchiness斑块性种群 patchy population半荒漠 semi-desert ﻫ半矩阵或星系图constellation diagrams ﻫ伴生种 companionspeciesﻫ饱和密度 saturationdensity ﻫ饱和期 asymptotic phase ﻫ保护哲学 conservationphilosophyﻫ北方针叶林northern coniferforest被动取样假说 passive samplinghypothesis本能 instinct ﻫ本能行为 instinctive behavior避敌 avoidingpredator边缘效应 edge effect变异性 variability标志重捕法 markrecapturemethods ﻫ标准频度图解 frequency diagram表现型适应 phenotypic adaptation并行的simultaneous ﻫ并行同源 paralogy ﻫ捕食 pred ation ﻫ不重叠的 non-overlapping ﻫ残存斑块 remnant patchﻫ残余廊道 remnant corridor操作性条件作用operant conditioning ﻫ草原生态系统 grassland system层次性结构 hierachical structure产卵和取食促进剂 oviposition and feedingstimulant 产业生态学 industry ecology长日照植物 longdayplant超体积生态位hyper—volume niche成本外摊 externalized cost ﻫ程序化死亡 programmed cell death ﻫ尺度效应 scaling effect抽彩式竞争 competive lottery ﻫ臭氧层破坏 ozone layer de struction出生率 natality或birth rate ﻫ初级生产 primary production ﻫ初级生产力primaryproductivity ﻫ初级生产者 primaryproducer ﻫ传感器 sensor串行的 serial垂直结构 vertical structure春化 vernalization次级生产secondaryproduction ﻫ次级生产力secondaryproductivity次生演替secondary successon粗密度 crude density存活曲线 survivalcurve ﻫ存活值 survival value存在度 presence ﻫ搭载效应hitchhiking effectﻫ大陆—岛屿型复合种群 mainland-island metapopulation带状廊道 strip corridor单联 single linkage单体生物unitary organism单位努力捕获量catch per unit effort单元的monothetic淡水生态系统freshwaterecosystem氮循环 nitrogen cycling等级(系统)理论 hierarchy theory ﻫ等级的 hierarchical底内动物 infauna底栖动物 benthos ﻫ地表火 surface fire ﻫ地带性生物群落biome ﻫ地理信息系统 geographic informationsystem地面芽植物hemicryptophytes地上芽植物 chamaephytes地植物学geobotany ﻫ第三纪 Tetiary period ﻫ第四纪 Quaternaryperiod ﻫ点突变 genicmutation或point mutation ﻫ电荷耦合器 charge coupled device,CCD顶极阶段climax stageﻫ顶极群落climax community顶极种 climax species动态率模型dynamic poolmodel ﻫ动态平衡理论 dynamic equilibrium theory动态生命表 dynamic life table ﻫ动物痕迹的计数 counts of animalsigns ﻫ动物计数 counts ofanimals冻原 tundra ﻫ短日照植物 shortday plant断层 gaps多波段光谱扫描仪 multichannel spectrumscanner, MSS 多度 abundance ﻫ多样化 varietyﻫ多元的 poly theti c厄尔尼诺 ElNino反馈 feedback ﻫ反射 reflex ﻫ泛化种 generalist防卫行为 defennce behavior访花昆虫 flowervisitor非等级的non-hierarchical ﻫ非空间模型 non-spati almodel非内稳态生物 non-homeostatic organism ﻫ非平衡态复合种群 nonequilibriummetapopulation非平衡态跟踪生境复合种群 nonequilibriumhabitat-trackingmetapopulation ﻫ非平衡态下降复合种群 nonequilibrium decliningmetapopulation ﻫ非生态位non—niche非生物环境 physical environment ﻫ非线性关系nonlinear分布dispersion ﻫ分解者 decomposerﻫ分支过程branching process分子分类学 molecular taxonomyﻫ分子进化的中性理论 the neutral theory of molecularevolution分子生态学molecularecology分子系统学molecular systematicsﻫ浮游动物 plank ton ﻫ负反馈negativefeedback)ﻫ负荷量 carryingcapacity负相互作用negative interaction负选择 negativeselection ﻫ附底动物epifauna复合种群metapopulation富营养化现象 eutrohication ﻫ改良 relamation盖度 coverage ﻫ盖度比 cover ratio干扰 disturbance干扰斑块 disturbancepatch干扰廊道 disturbance corridor ﻫ干扰作用 interferenceﻫ高度height ﻫ高斯假说Coarse'shypothesis ﻫ高斯理论Coarse's theory ﻫ高位芽植物phanerophytes格林威尔造山运动 Grenville Orogenesis个体 individual ﻫ个体论概念 individualistic concept更新renewal功能生态位 functional nicheﻫ攻击行为 aggressivebehavior构件modules构件生物modular organism关键种 keystonespecies关联系数 association coefficients ﻫ光饱和点 lightsaturationpoint ﻫ光补偿点light compensation point光周期 photoperiodﻫ过滤器filter哈德-温伯格原理 Hardy-Weinberg principle ﻫ海洋生态系统 Oceanecosytem ﻫ寒武纪 Cambrianperiod旱生植物siccocolous河流廊道 rivercorridor恒有度 contancy ﻫ红树林mangrove ﻫ呼吸量 respiration ﻫ互利 mutualism互利素 synomone ﻫ互利作用synomonal ﻫ化感作用 allel opathy ﻫ化学防御 chemicaldefenceﻫ化学生态学chemical ecology化学物质 allelochemicalsﻫ化学隐藏 chemocryptic划分的divisive ﻫ环境 environment环境伦理学environmental ethics环境容纳量 environmentalcarryincapacity ﻫ环境资源斑块 environmental resource patch环境资源廊道 environmental resource corridor荒漠desertﻫ荒漠化desertification ﻫ荒漠生态系统desert ecosystem ﻫ黄化现象 eitiolation pheno menon恢复生态学restoration ecology混沌学 chaos ﻫ混合型 mixed type ﻫ活动库exchange pool获得性行为acquiredbehavior ﻫ机体论学派 organismicschool基础生态位 Fundamental niche基质 matrix极点排序法 polar ordination集群型 clumped ﻫ寄生 parasitismﻫ加速期 accelerating phase价值 value价值流 value flow ﻫ间接排序 indirect ordination间接梯度分析 indirect gradiant analysis ﻫ减速期decelerating phase ﻫ简单聚合法lumping ﻫ碱性植物 a lkaline soilplant建群种 constructive species ﻫ接触化学感觉 contact chemoreception ﻫ解磷菌或溶磷菌 Phosphate-solub iIizing Microorganisms,PSM进化适应 evolutionaryadaptation ﻫ经典型复合种群 classic metapopulation经济密度 economic density ﻫ景观 landscape ﻫ景观格局 landscapepatten景观过程模型 processbased landscapemodel景观结构landscapestructureﻫ景观空间动态模型 spatial dynamiclandscapemodel景观生态学 landscape ecology ﻫ净初级生产量 net primaryproduction竞争competition竞争排斥原理competition exclusionprinciple ﻫ静态生命表 static life table局部种群localpopulation ﻫ距离效应 distance effect ﻫ聚合的 agglomerative均匀型 uniform菌根mycorrhiza ﻫ抗毒素 phytoalexins可持续发展 sustainabledevelopment ﻫ空间结构spatial structure空间模型 spatial modelﻫ空间生态位 spatial niche ﻫ空间异质性 spatialheterogeneity库pool矿产资源 mineral resources廊道 corridorﻫ离散性 discrete ﻫ利己素 allomone利己作用 allomonaﻫ利他行为altruism利他作用kairomonal连续体continuum ﻫ联想学习 associativelearnin gﻫ猎食行为 huntingbehavior ﻫ林冠火crownfire磷循环 phosphoruscycling ﻫ零假说 null hypothesis领悟学习 insight learningﻫ领域性 territoriality ﻫ流 flow ﻫ绿色核算 green accountingﻫ逻辑斯谛方程 l ogistic equation ﻫ铆钉假说 Rivet hypothesis密度density密度比density ratio密度制约死亡 density-dependent mortality面积效应area effect ﻫ灭绝extinction铭记 imprinting ﻫ模拟 hametic ﻫ模型 modeling ﻫ牧食食物链 grazing foodchain内禀增长率 intrinsicrate of increase内稳态 homeostasis内稳态生物homeostaticorganisms内源性 endogenousﻫ内在的 intrinsic耐阴植物shade-enduringplantsﻫ能量分配原则 principle ofenergy allocation ﻫ能量流动 energy flow能源资源 energy resources ﻫ能值 emergy泥盆纪Devonian period拟寄生parasitoidism逆分析 inverseanalysis年龄分布age distribution ﻫ年龄结构 age structure年龄性别锥体 age-sex pyramid年龄锥体 age pyramids偶见种 rare species排序 ordination配额quota配偶选择 mate selection偏害 amensalism ﻫ偏利 commensalism ﻫ频度 frequency ﻫ平衡选择 balancing selection ﻫ平台 plantf orm平行进化parallel evolution栖息地 habitat ﻫ期望值外推法 extrapolation by expected value ﻫ气候驯化 acclimatisation ﻫ器官 orga ns ﻫ亲本投资 parental investment ﻫ亲族选择 kinselection趋光性 phototaxis ﻫ趋化性 chemotaxis趋同进化 convergent evolution ﻫ趋性taxis ﻫ趋异进化 divergent evolution趋异适应 radiation adaptation取食促进剂 oviposition and feeding stimulant ﻫ取样调查法 sampling methods ﻫ去除取样法 removal sampling全联法 complete linkageﻫ全球global ﻫ全球变暖global warnning全球定位系统 globalPositioning System全球生态学 global ecology ﻫ确限度fidelity群丛association群丛单位理论 association unit theory群丛组 association group群落community群落的垂直结构 vertical structure群落生态学 communityecologyﻫ群落水平格局 horizontal patternﻫ群落外貌physiognomy ﻫ群落演替 succession ﻫ群系 formation群系组 formation group ﻫ热带旱生林 tropicaldry forest热带季雨林 tropical seasonal rainforestﻫ热带稀树草原tropicalsavanna热带雨林tropical rainforest热力学第二定律 secondlaw of thermodynamics ﻫ热力学第一定律 first lawof thermodynamics ﻫ人工斑块 introduced patch人工廊道 introduced corridor ﻫ人口调查法 cencus technique人口统计学 humandemography日中性植物day neutral plantﻫ冗余 redundancyﻫ冗余种假说 Redundancyspecies hypothesisﻫ三叠纪 Triassic period森林生态系统 forest ecosystem熵值entropy valueﻫ上渐线upper asymptotic ﻫ社会性防卫行为 defencebehaviorﻫ社会优势等级 dominance hierarchy摄食行为 feed behaviorﻫ生活史 lifehistory生活史对策 life history strategy生活小区 biotope生活型 life form生活周期 life cycleﻫ生境habitat生境多样性假说 habitat diversityhypothesis生理出生率physiological natality ﻫ生理死亡率 physiological mortality生命表 life table生态出生率 ecological natality生态对策bionomic strategy ﻫ生态反作用 ecological reaction ﻫ生态幅 ecologicalamplitudeﻫ生态工程ecological engineering生态工业ecological industry生态规划 ecological planning生态恢复 ecologicalrestorationﻫ生态经济 ecological economics ﻫ生态旅游 ecotourism生态密度 ecologicaldensity ﻫ生态农业 ecological agricultureﻫ生态入侵 ecological invasion ﻫ生态设计 ecological design ﻫ生态适应 ecological adaptation ﻫ生态死亡率 ecological mortality生态位 niche ﻫ生态位宽度 niche breadth ﻫ生态位相似性比例nicheproportional similarity生态位重叠 niche overlap生态文明 ecological civilizationﻫ生态系统ecosystem ﻫ生态系统产品ecosystem goods生态系统多样性ecosystem diversity生态系统服务ecosystem service生态系统生态学ecosystem ecologyﻫ生态系统学ecosystemology生态型 ecotypeﻫ生态学 ecology ﻫ生态因子ecolog ical factor生态元 ecologicalunit ﻫ生态作用 ecological effect 生物organism ﻫ生物地球化学循环biogecochemica lcycle ﻫ生物多样性 biodiversity生物量 biomass生物潜能 biotic potential ﻫ生物群落 bioticcommun ity,biome生物群落演替 succession ﻫ生殖潜能 reproductive potential剩余空间residual space ﻫ失共生 aposymbiosis ﻫ湿地 wetland ﻫ湿地生态系统wetlandecosystem湿地植物 hygrophyte时间结构temporal structure实际出生率 realizednatality ﻫ实际死亡率 realizedmortality食草动物 herbivores食肉动物carnivoresﻫ食物链 food chain ﻫ食物网foodwed矢量vector ﻫ适合度 fitness适应辐射adaptive radiationﻫ适应值adaptive value ﻫ适应组合 adaptive suites收获理论 harvest theory ﻫ收益外泄 externalized profit ﻫ衰退型种群contractingpopulation水平格局 horizontalpattern ﻫ水土流失soil and water erosion ﻫ水循环 water cyclingﻫ瞬时增长率 instantaneousrate ﻫ死亡率 mortality& deathrate松散垂直耦连 loosevertical coupling ﻫ松散水平耦连 loose horizontal coupling溯祖过程 coalescentprocess溯祖理论 coalescent theory ﻫ酸性土理论acid soil plant酸雨acid rain ﻫ随机型 random ﻫ碎屑食物链 detritusfood chainK-对策者 K-strategistis ﻫn维超体积资源空间 n-dimensional hyper-volumen维生态位 n-dimensional nicheRaunkiaer定律 Lawof Frequency ﻫr-对策者 r-strategistis奥陶纪 Ordovician period ﻫ白垩土草地 chalk grassland 斑块 patch ﻫ斑块性patchiness ﻫ斑块性种群patchy population半荒漠 semi-desert ﻫ半矩阵或星系图constellationdiagrams伴生种companionspecies饱和密度 saturationdensityﻫ饱和期 asymptotic phase ﻫ保护哲学 conservation philosophy北方针叶林 northern conifer forest被动取样假说passivesamplinghypothesis ﻫ本能 instinct ﻫ本能行为instinctivebehavior避敌 avoiding predator边缘效应 edgeeffect变异性 variability ﻫ标志重捕法 mark recapturemethods标准频度图解 frequency diagram ﻫ表现型适应phenotypic adaptation ﻫ并行的simultaneous并行同源 paralogy ﻫ捕食 predation ﻫ不重叠的 non-overlapping残存斑块remnant patchﻫ残余廊道 remnant corridor ﻫ操作性条件作用 operant conditioningﻫ草原生态系统 grasslandsystem层次性结构hierachical structure产卵和取食促进剂 oviposition and feeding stimulant产业生态学industry ecology ﻫ长日照植物 long day plant ﻫ超体积生态位 hyper—volume niche成本外摊 externalized cost程序化死亡 programmed celldeath尺度效应 scaling effect抽彩式竞争 competive lottery ﻫ臭氧层破坏 ozone layer destruction出生率natality或birth rate初级生产primary production初级生产力 primary productivity ﻫ初级生产者 primary producer ﻫ传感器sensor ﻫ串行的serial垂直结构 vertical structure春化 vernalization次级生产 secondary production次级生产力 secondaryproductivity ﻫ次生演替 second ary successon粗密度 crudedensity ﻫ存活曲线 survival curve存活值survivalvalue存在度presence ﻫ搭载效应hitchhiking effect ﻫ大陆—岛屿型复合种群 mainland-island metapopulation带状廊道strip corridor单联 single linkageﻫ单体生物 unitary organism ﻫ单位努力捕获量catch per uniteffort单元的 monothetic ﻫ淡水生态系统 fresh water ecosystem氮循环 nitrogen cycling ﻫ等级(系统)理论 hierarchy theory等级的 hierarchical底内动物 infauna ﻫ底栖动物 benthos地表火 surface fire地带性生物群落 biome ﻫ地理信息系统 geographic information system ﻫ地面芽植物 hemicryptophyte sﻫ地上芽植物 chamaephytesﻫ地植物学 geobotany第三纪 Tetiary periodﻫ第四纪 Quaternary period点突变 genic mutation或point mutationﻫ电荷耦合器 c harge coupled device, CCD顶极阶段 climax stage顶极群落 climax community顶极种 climax species ﻫ动态率模型 dynamicpool m odel ﻫ动态平衡理论 dynamic equilibriumtheory ﻫ动态生命表 dynamic life table动物痕迹的计数 countsofanimal signs ﻫ动物计数 counts of animals冻原 tundraﻫ短日照植物 short dayplant ﻫ断层gaps ﻫ多波段光谱扫描仪 multichannel spectrumscanner, MSS多度 abundance ﻫ多样化 variety多元的polythetic厄尔尼诺 ElNino反馈feedback反射reflex泛化种generalist ﻫ防卫行为 defennce behavior访花昆虫 flower visitorﻫ非等级的non-hierarchic al ﻫ非空间模型non-spatialmodel ﻫ非内稳态生物 non-homeostatic organism ﻫ非平衡态复合种群 nonequilibrium metapopulationﻫ非平衡态跟踪生境复合种群 nonequilibrium habitat-tracking metapopulation ﻫ非平衡态下降复合种群 nonequilibrium decl iningmetapopulation非生态位 non—niche非生物环境physicalenvironment ﻫ非线性关系 nonline ar分布 dispersion分解者 decomposer分支过程branching process ﻫ分子分类学 molecular taxonomy ﻫ分子进化的中性理论 the neutral theory of molecular evolution分子生态学molecular ecology分子系统学 molecular systematics ﻫ浮游动物 plankton负反馈negative feedback) ﻫ负荷量 carryingcapacity负相互作用 negativeinteraction负选择 negative selection附底动物epifauna复合种群 metapopulation ﻫ富营养化现象 eutrohication改良 relamation盖度 coverage盖度比cover ratio ﻫ干扰disturbance干扰斑块 disturbance patch干扰廊道 disturbance corridor干扰作用interference高度 height ﻫ高斯假说Coarse's hypothesis高斯理论 Coarse'stheory高位芽植物 phanerophytes ﻫ格林威尔造山运动 Grenville Orogenesis个体individual个体论概念 individualistic concept ﻫ更新 renewal功能生态位 functional niche攻击行为 aggressivebehavior构件modules构件生物 modular organism关键种 keystonespecies ﻫ关联系数association coefficients光饱和点 lightsaturation point ﻫ光补偿点 light compen sationpoint ﻫ光周期photoperiod ﻫ过滤器 filter ﻫ哈德-温伯格原理 Hardy-Weinberg principle海洋生态系统 Ocean ecosytemﻫ寒武纪 Cambrian perio dﻫ旱生植物 siccocolous河流廊道rivercorridor恒有度 contancy ﻫ红树林mangroveﻫ呼吸量 respiration ﻫ互利 mutualism ﻫ互利素synomone ﻫ互利作用 synomonal ﻫ化感作用 allelopathy ﻫ化学防御chemical defence化学生态学 chemical ecology化学物质 allelochemicals ﻫ化学隐藏 chemocryptic ﻫ划分的 divisive环境 environment ﻫ环境伦理学 environmentalethicsﻫ环境容纳量 environmentalcarryin capacity环境资源斑块 environmentalresourcepatch环境资源廊道environmentalresource corridor荒漠 desert ﻫ荒漠化 desertification荒漠生态系统 desertecosystem ﻫ黄化现象 eitiolation phenomenon ﻫ恢复生态学 restoration ecology ﻫ混沌学 chaos混合型 mixed type ﻫ活动库 exchangepool获得性行为 acquiredbehavior机体论学派 organismic school基础生态位Fundamental niche ﻫ基质matrix ﻫ极点排序法 polar ordination集群型 clumped寄生 parasitism ﻫ加速期 accelerating phase ﻫ价值 value价值流 valueflow间接排序 indirect ordination间接梯度分析indirectgradiant analysis减速期 deceleratingphase简单聚合法 lumping碱性植物 alkaline soil plant建群种constructive species接触化学感觉contact chemoreception ﻫ解磷菌或溶磷菌 Phosphate-solubiIizingMicroorganisms, PSM ﻫ进化适应 evolutionary adaptation经典型复合种群 classic metapopulation经济密度 economic density景观 landscape ﻫ景观格局 landscapepatten景观过程模型process based landscape model ﻫ景观结构 landscape structure景观空间动态模型 spatial dynamiclandscape model ﻫ景观生态学landscape ecology ﻫ净初级生产量 net primary production竞争 competition竞争排斥原理 competitionexclusion principle静态生命表 staticlife table局部种群 local population距离效应distanceeffect聚合的agglomerative ﻫ均匀型 uniform ﻫ菌根mycorrhiza抗毒素phytoalexins ﻫ可持续发展 sustainabledevel opment空间结构 spatial structure ﻫ空间模型spatial model ﻫ空间生态位spatial nicheﻫ空间异质性spatial he terogeneity ﻫ库 pool ﻫ矿产资源 mineral resources 廊道corridor离散性 discreteﻫ利己素 allomone ﻫ利己作用 allomona利他行为 altruismﻫ利他作用 kairomonal ﻫ连续体 continuum ﻫ联想学习associative learning猎食行为 hunting behavior ﻫ林冠火 crown fire磷循环 phosphorus cycling零假说 null hypothesis ﻫ领悟学习 insightlearning ﻫ领域性 territoriality ﻫ流 flow绿色核算 greenaccounting逻辑斯谛方程 logisticequation ﻫ铆钉假说Rivet hypothesis ﻫ密度 density ﻫ密度比 density ratio ﻫ密度制约死亡 density-dependent mortality面积效应 areaeffectﻫ灭绝 extinction铭记 imprinting模拟 hametic模型 modeling ﻫ牧食食物链 grazingfoodchai nﻫ内禀增长率intrinsic rate of increase ﻫ内稳态 homeostasis ﻫ内稳态生物homeostaticorganisms内源性endogenous ﻫ内在的 intrinsic ﻫ耐阴植物 sha de-enduring plantsﻫ能量分配原则 principle ofenergyallocationﻫ能量流动 energy flow ﻫ能源资源 energy resources能值 emergy泥盆纪Devonianperiodﻫ拟寄生 parasitoidism 逆分析 inverse analysis ﻫ年龄分布agedistribution年龄结构age structureﻫ年龄性别锥体 age-sex pyramid年龄锥体 age pyramids偶见种 rarespecies ﻫ排序 ordination ﻫ配额 quota配偶选择 mate selection偏害 amensalism偏利 commensalism频度frequency平衡选择balancing selectionﻫ平台 plantformﻫ平行进化parallel evolutionﻫ栖息地 habitat ﻫ期望值外推法 extrapolation by expected value气候驯化 acclimatisationﻫ器官 organsﻫ亲本投资 parentalinvestment ﻫ亲族选择 kinselection 趋光性phototaxis趋化性 chemotaxis趋同进化 convergentevolution ﻫ趋性 taxis趋异进化 divergent evolutionﻫ趋异适应 radiation adaptationﻫ取食促进剂oviposition and feeding stimulant取样调查法 samplingmethodsﻫ去除取样法 removalsampling ﻫ全联法complete linkage全球 global全球变暖 global warnning全球定位系统 globalPositioning System ﻫ全球生态学 global ecology确限度 fidelity ﻫ群丛 associationﻫ群丛单位理论association unittheory ﻫ群丛组 association group ﻫ群落 community群落的垂直结构 verticalstructure群落生态学community ecology群落水平格局horizontal pattern群落外貌physiognomy群落演替succession ﻫ群系 formation群系组formationgroup ﻫ热带旱生林 tropicaldryforest ﻫ热带季雨林 tropical seasonalrainforest ﻫ热带稀树草原 tropical savanna热带雨林tropical rainforest ﻫ热力学第二定律 second lawof thermodynamics热力学第一定律 first law ofthermodynamics人工斑块introduced patch人工廊道introduced corridor ﻫ人口调查法 cencus technique人口统计学 human demography日中性植物 day neutral plantﻫ冗余 redundancyﻫ冗余种假说 Redundancy specieshypothesis三叠纪Triassic period ﻫ森林生态系统 forest ecosystemﻫ熵值 entropy value上渐线 upper asymptotic社会性防卫行为 defence behavior社会优势等级 dominancehierarchy摄食行为 feed behavior生活史 life history ﻫ生活史对策life history strategy生活小区 biotope ﻫ生活型 life form ﻫ生活周期 life cycle ﻫ生境 habitatﻫ生境多样性假说habitat diversityhypothesis ﻫ生理出生率physiological natality ﻫ生理死亡率 physiologicalmortality生命表 lifetableﻫ生态出生率 ecologicalnatalit yﻫ生态对策bionomic strategy生态反作用 ecological reaction ﻫ生态幅 ecological ampli tude ﻫ生态工程 ecologicalengineering ﻫ生态工业ecologicalindustry生态规划 ecologicalplanning ﻫ生态恢复ecological restoration ﻫ生态经济 ecological economics ﻫ生态旅游 ecotourismﻫ生态密度 ecological density ﻫ生态农业 ecological agriculture生态入侵ecologicalinvasion生态设计 ecologicaldesign ﻫ生态适应 ecological adaptation ﻫ生态死亡率 ecological mortality ﻫ生态位 niche生态位宽度niche breadth生态位相似性比例 niche proportionalsimilarity生态位重叠 niche overlap ﻫ生态文明 ecological civilizationﻫ生态系统 ecosystem ﻫ生态系统产品 ecosystem goods生态系统多样性 ecosystem diversity ﻫ生态系统服务 ecosystemservice生态系统生态学 ecosystem ecology生态系统学 ecosystemology生态型 ecotype ﻫ生态学 ecology生态因子ecologicalfactor ﻫ生态元 ecologicalunit生态作用 ecological effect生物 organism ﻫ生物地球化学循环 biogecochemical cycle生物多样性biodiversity ﻫ生物量 biomass ﻫ生物潜能biotic potential生物群落 biotic community,biome生物群落演替 succession生殖潜能 reproductive potential剩余空间 residualspace失共生aposymbiosis ﻫ湿地 wetland湿地生态系统 wetland ecosystem湿地植物 hygrophyte ﻫ时间结构 temporal structur eﻫ实际出生率 realized natality ﻫ实际死亡率 reali zed mortality食草动物 herbivores食肉动物 carnivores食物链 food chain ﻫ食物网 food wedﻫ矢量 vector ﻫ适合度 fitness适应辐射 adaptive radiation适应值 adaptive value ﻫ适应组合 adaptive suites收获理论 harvest theory ﻫ收益外泄 externalizedprofitﻫ衰退型种群contracting population水平格局 horizontal pattern ﻫ水土流失 soil and watererosion ﻫ水循环water cycling ﻫ瞬时增长率 instantaneous rate ﻫ死亡率 mortality& death rate ﻫ松散垂直耦连loosevertical couplingﻫ松散水平耦连 loose horizontal coupling溯祖过程coalescent processﻫ溯祖理论 coalescent th eory ﻫ酸性土理论 acid soil plant ﻫ酸雨 acidrai nﻫ随机型random ﻫ碎屑食物链 detritus food chainK-对策者 K-strategistisn维超体积资源空间n-dimensional hyper-volumen维生态位 n-dimensionalnicheRaunkiaer定律 Law of Frequencyﻫr-对策者 r-strategistis ﻫ奥陶纪 Ordovician period白垩土草地 chalk grassland斑块 patch ﻫ斑块性 patchinessﻫ斑块性种群 patchypopulation半荒漠 semi-desert半矩阵或星系图 constellation diagramsﻫ伴生种 comp anion species饱和密度 saturation density ﻫ饱和期 asymptoticp hase ﻫ保护哲学 conservation philosophy北方针叶林northern conifer forest被动取样假说 passive sampling hypothesis本能 instinct本能行为 instinctivebehavior避敌avoidingpredatorﻫ边缘效应 edgeeffec tﻫ。

相关文档
最新文档