新概念英语第二册：第59课课文详解及语法解析.doc

新概念英语第二册：第59 课课文详解及语法解析课文详注 Further notes on the text
1.Every time he wanted to come into the garden he would
bark until someone opened the gate. 每当它想到花园里来时，便汪汪叫个不停，直到有人把门打开。

every time 在这里为连词引导一个时间状语从句，表示“每次”、“每当”，主句中的 would 表示过去的习惯性动作。

用一般过去时的句子中它们经常连用：
Every time we met, we would talk for a while.
我们每次见面都要聊一会儿。

Every time he came to the restaurant, he would first
ask for a cup of tea.
他每次到这个饭馆来，都是先要一杯茶。

2.my husband spent weeks training him to press his paw
on the latch to let
himself in. 我丈夫花了几个星期的时间训练它用脚爪按住门闩把自己
放进来。

(1)spend 表示“在上花时间”时，后面如果跟名词则用介词on; 如果跟动名词则用介词 in( 在口语中 in 往往省略 ) ：
Why don't you spend more time on studies?
你为什么不在学习上再多花点时间呢?
I spent two weeks(in) reading this book.
我花了两星期的时间读这本书。

(2)train 的宾语是 him, to press 是宾语补足语， to let 为目的状
语。

3.Rex soon became an expert at opening the gate.雷克斯很
快成了开门的专家。

expert 表示“做 / 干的专家 / 高手”时后面通常用 at doing sth.;
表示在某一领域是“专家”、“”时可用介词 in 或 on：
John is an expert at driving a car.
约翰是开车高手。

She is an expert in flowers.
她是花卉方面的专家。

Sam is an expert on that problem.
萨姆是研究那个问题的。

4.This time he was barking so that someone would let him
out! 这次它叫着让人把它放出去!
连词 so that引导的是目的状语从句。

(cf. 本课语法 )
语法 Grammar in use
1.复习第 50～58 课语法
He's having lunch , isn't he?
他正在吃午饭，是不是?( 现在实行时表示说话时正在实行的动作) Yes，he always has lunch at this time of the day.
是的，他每天总是在这个时间吃午饭。

( 一般现在时表示习惯性
动作 )
She's reading a book,isn't she?
她正在读一本书，是不是?
Yes,she's been reading the book all morning.
是的。

她整个上午一直在读这本书。

( 现在完成实行时强调动作的持续性 )
I was told that ships were built here.
我听说这里造过船。

( 被动语态 was told 表示说话谨慎 ; 从句中的一般过去时表示不知现在是否仍造船 )
They used to be built here,but they aren't any more.
过去这里是造过船，但现在不造了。

(used to 在已终止的状态，强调过去与现在的对照，所以不可用表示过去有过但现would 代替 )
You've taken your time! What on earth have you
been doing?
你可真够慢约 ! 你到底一直在干什么 ?(on earth用于表示强调) I'm sorry.We got caught in astorm.
对不起。

我们遇上一暴风雨了。

( 在口语中 get+ 过去分词相当于被动语态 )
2.表示目的的几种方式： to, in order to, so as to, so that,
in order that
(1) 带 to 的不定式及其变体 in order to 和 so as to 能够用来表示目的：
I went to live in France to/in order to/so as to learn
French.
我去法国居住，以便学习法语。

not to能够用于表示取舍：
I went to France not to study French, but to
study chemics.
我去法国不是为了学法语，而是为了学化学。

so as not to/in order not to能够用于表示“以防”：
I shut the door quietly, so as not to/in order not
to wake the baby.
为了不惊醒婴儿，我轻轻地关上门。

在 bring, buy, need, take, use, want 不定式 ( 而不用宾语 +in order to/so as to) 的：
等动词后经常用宾语 + ，不定式表示用宾语的目
I want something to drink.
我想要一点喝的东西。

I need a spoon to eat this ice cream with.
我需要一把汤匙来吃这冰淇淋。

Bring me a chair to sit on.
给我拿一把椅子来坐。

(2) 连词 so that, in order that能够引导目的状语从句。

当主句用一般现在时、现在完成时或一般将来时的时候，so that和in
order that 后面能够跟may, can 或will 。

so that 比in order that 更为普遍：
I've arrived early so that/in order that I
may/can/will get the tickets.
我到得早，以便能买到票。

当主句中的动词为一般过去时、过去实行时或过去完成时的时候，so that 和 in order that 后面跟 should, could,
might 或 would：
I arrived early so that/in order that I
should/could/might/would get the
tickets.
( 译文同上 )
so that和in order that后面的否定形式如下：
I arrived early so that/in order that I might not miss
anything.
我到得很早，以免错过什么。

( 否定句中不可用could, 可用
等)
should, would
(3) 相比之下，带to, so as to 和in order to 的结构比带
that 的结构要简单、自然，所以多为人使用：
I arrived early so as not to/in order not to
miss anything.( 译文同上 )
当前后主语不一致时，不定式前面加for+ 名词 / 代词比that 结构更简洁：
I bought a new car in order that/so that my wife might
learn to drive.
我买了一辆新车，以便我妻子学习驾驶。

I bought a new car for my wife to learn to drive. ( 译文同上 )。