上海外国语大学620汉语综合2016考研试题真题

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上海外国语大学考研现代汉语真题回忆+答案2016

上海外国语大学考研现代汉语真题回忆+答案2016

上海外国语大学考研2016年现代汉语真题回忆版一、名词解释(要举例说明)(2’×5=10’)1、句法关系和语义关系2、比拟3、配价分析法4、语境5、单纯词二、填空(1’×10=10’)1、()是经过分析得出的最小的语音单位,能够区别意义的最小语音单位是()。

2、结构主义语言学各流派是以()的语言理论为基础的。

(《普通语言学教程》)是现代结构主义语言学的理论基础。

3、汉代初期,汉字传入日本,产生了“假名”。

晋初,汉字传入朝鲜和韩国,产生了()。

4、()是古汉字演变为现代汉字的转折点。

5、普通话语音的调类名称是()。

6、从语素在单词中所起的作用看,可以将语素分为表义语素和()。

7、()是词义构成的最小语义单位,也是词的区别性特征。

8、成语的构造总共有四种类型:(),复句结构,特殊结构,无理结构。

三、选择题(1’×10=10’)1、下列属于舌尖后、不送气、清、塞擦音的是()。

A.zB.cC.zhiD.chi2、双唇音不能和()韵母相拼?A.开口呼B.合口呼C.齐齿呼D.撮口呼3、元音与辅音根本区别是()。

A.发音方法不同B.在音节中的位置不同C.发音部位不同D.声带是否震动4、下列“一”的变调正确的是()。

A.看一(yí)看B.一(yī)干二净C.想一(yì)想D.一(yì)天到晚5、下列儿化韵读得不正确的是()。

A.拐弯儿(guǎiwānr-guǎiwāir)B.小曲儿(xiǎoqur-xiǎoquěr)C.香味儿(xiāngwèir-xiāngwèr)D.药方儿(yàofāngr-yàofãr)6、“兵、朱、舟”三个字的造字法分别是()。

A.指事、会意、象形B.会意、指事、象形C.象形、指事、会意D.会意、象形、指事7、下列成语书写正确的是()。

A.卑躬曲膝B.委屈求全C.膛目结舌D.杯盘狼藉8、短语“今天劳动节”、“特等茶叶”、“当他是傻瓜”、“游泳去”的结构类别分别为()。

上海外国语大学考研外国语言学与应用语言学理论真题2016

上海外国语大学考研外国语言学与应用语言学理论真题2016

上海外国语大学2016年硕士研究生入学考试外国语言学及应用语言学专业外国语言学与应用语言学理论试题(考试时间 180分钟,满分150分,共2页)一、汉语部分,中文作答(共 105分)Ⅰ.术语解释(5×3=15)本部分为5个语言学术语,请解释其定义及含义,必要时可举例说明。

1.波形理论2.皮钦语3.语料库4.音位理论5.元语言功能Ⅱ.问答题(6×15=90)本部分为6道问答题,请就所给的问题做简短回答,有必要时请具体举例说明。

1.请简述双语现象和双语制问题,说明双语几个分类标准。

2.请说明什么是宏观语言学及其分类,必要时可以列举其代表。

3.请简要介绍英国语言学家韩礼德的语言学理论的主要内容。

4.请简要介绍转换生成语法及其在语言教学上的应用价值。

5.请简要介绍美国语言学家萨丕尔的语言学思想及其现实意义。

6.如何理解“语言是符号系统,这概括了语言本身的性质和特点”第1页共2页这句话?请举例说明。

二、英文部分,英文作答。

(15×3=45)1. What is structuralism?2. What is language planning?3. What is interlanguage?4. What is lingua franca?5. What are adjacency pairs?6. What is code-switching?7. What is linguistic determinism?8. What is diglossia?9. What is metonymy?10. What is language maintenance?11. What is hypercorrection?12. What is semantic field?13. What is displacement?14. What is elision?15. What is the “critical period”?第2页共2页。

汉语国际教育硕士汉语基础(现代汉语语法)历年真题试卷汇编3

汉语国际教育硕士汉语基础(现代汉语语法)历年真题试卷汇编3
汉总分:150.00,做题时间:180分钟)
填空题(总题数:12,分数:46.80)
1.“龟缩”的构词法是__________。(北京语言大学2016) (分数:3.90) 填空项1:__________________ 2.复句分为__________复句和偏正复句两种。(北京语言大学2016) (分数:3.90) 填空项1:__________________ 3.祈使、陈述、感叹、疑问是按__________划分出来的句类。(北京语言大学2016) (分数:3.90) 填空项1:__________________ 4.根据两个词根之间的结构关系,“眼热”属于__________式复合词。(中国人民大学2016) (分数:3.90) 填空项1:__________________ 5.根据能否__________可将词分为实词和虚词两大类。(中国人民大学2016) (分数:3.90) 填空项1:__________________ 6.“中式”“慢性”“大型”都属于实词中的__________词。(中国人民大学2016) (分数:3.90) 填空项1:__________________ 7.“不耻下问”中的“耻”是词类活用中的__________用法。(中国人民大学2016) (分数:3.90) 填空项1:__________________ 8.疑问句分为是非问、__________、选择问、正反问。(复旦大学2016) (分数:3.90) 填空项1:__________________ 9.“男、女、单、双”这类词,可以作定语,不能作谓语,我们称之为“非谓形容词”,也称__________。(复旦大 学2015) (分数:3.90) 填空项1:__________________ 10.语体可以包括公文语体、政治语体、科技文体和__________。(复旦大学2015) (分数:3.90) 填空项1:__________________ 11.重叠形式为AABB的词是双音节__________词。(上海外国语大学2016) (分数:3.90) 填空项1:__________________ 12.“内蒙古呼伦贝尔产的马奶子葡萄干儿放哪儿了?”有__________个语素__________个词(上海外国语大学 2016) (分数:3.90) 填空项1:__________________

2016年人大汉硕考研真题

2016年人大汉硕考研真题
2.外国人经常弄混“了解”和“理解”
给了两个错误例子,再举例辨析
六、指出下列几个句子的句式并简要论述它们的特点
1.这样的事情我经常遇到过。
2.他转身打开门冲了出去。
3.远方传来了一阵美妙的歌声。
七、论述
给出了花的五种意义和例子(例子不记得了):
(1)被子植物繁衍后代的生殖器官:
(2)可供观赏的植物:
A.转折复句B.因果复句C.假设复句D.让步复句
8.下面哪个用法和其他三个不一样
A.力不足者中道而废B.古者墓而不坟C. D.晋灵公不君
9.下面哪个没有使动用法
A.是故明君贵五谷而贱金玉B. C. D.饮赵盾酒
10.凸的笔画有几笔
三、名词解释
1、语流音变
2、复合词
3、词类
的语素个数一样
A.老虎、B.星星、骆驼C.马虎、大意D.蜜蜂、蝴蝶
3.下面哪个和其他不一样
A. B.看得眼馋C.把握得住D.洗得不白
4.句子结构与其他三项不同的是
A.下雨了!B.我真高兴!C. D.
6.下面哪个用法不一样
A.密密麻麻B.婆婆妈妈C.犹犹豫豫D.花花绿绿
7.“……那么……”
(3)颜色或种类错杂的:
(4)用;花费
(5)(眼睛)模糊不清的
指出哪几个是同音词,为什么?哪几个是多义词,为什么
哪些是多义词的几个义项,它们之间的发展关系,通过什么途径?
八、翻译
庖有肥肉,厩有肥马,民有饥色,野有饿莩,此率兽而食人也。兽相食,且人恶之。为民父母,行政不免于率兽而食人。恶在其为民父母也?仲尼曰:‘始作俑者,其无后乎!’为其象人而用之也。如之何其使斯民饥而死也?
2016
汉语基础
一、填空

上海外国语大学考研汉语写作与百科知识真题回忆版2016+答案

上海外国语大学考研汉语写作与百科知识真题回忆版2016+答案

上海外国语大学研究生入学考试2016年汉语写作和百科知识真题一、填空 30分1.新文化运动的核心刊物是___________2.中国历史上由女真族建立的朝代有__________、____________。

3.唐朝诗人杜牧在___________中描述了秦朝大兴土木的状况。

4.编钟是一种____________5.汉字的构造方法为象形、指事、假借、会意和___________6.元曲四大家________ ___________ __________ _________7.五岳有_________ _________ _________ ___________ _________二、成语解释、典故及造句 40分1.满腹经纶2.卧薪尝胆3.首当其冲4.白驹过隙5.暴殄天物三、阅读以下文章,写读后感,不少于1000字 80分人民日报评薄熙来案:法理昭彰,有腐必惩中评社北京9月22日电/人民日报9月23日评论员文章:坚持法治反腐,建设廉洁政治法理昭彰,有腐必惩。

9月22日,济南市中级人民法院对薄熙来受贿、贪污、滥用职权案做出一审判决,判处无期徒刑,剥夺政治权利终身,并处没收个人全部财产。

综观整个薄熙来案,从立案侦查、审查起诉、提起公诉到开庭审理,再到法院宣判,整个过程以事实为根据,以法律为准绳,彰显了法治精神和司法正义,表明瞭我们党和国家依法惩治腐败的坚决态度和坚定决心。

、用法治思维和法治方式反对腐败,是我们党坚持倡导的反腐思路。

薄熙来案的查处过程,始终都贯穿着依法反腐的基本理念。

无论是依党纪国法的查办过程,还是对案件的依法指定管辖;无论是控辩双方充分质证、法院公开透明审理,还是依法作出一审判决,都始终运行在法治的轨道上,始终以法治精神为依归。

正因如此,对薄熙来案的依法查处,得到广大干部群众的支持拥护。

这同时也有力表明,坚持依法反腐,既体现一种政治文明,也凝聚着普遍的社会共识。

律己廉为首,治国法为先。

上海外国语大学考研英汉互译真题回忆版2016年

上海外国语大学考研英汉互译真题回忆版2016年

上海外国语大学2016年硕士研究生入学考试英汉互译真题回忆版一、英译汉选自伊莎多拉•邓肯的自传My LifeISADORA DUNCAN’S AUTOBIOGRAPHY:CHAPTER ONEThe character of a child is already plain,even in its mother’s womb.Before I was born my mother was in great agony of spirit and in a tragic situation.She could take no food except iced oysters and iced champagne.If people ask me when I began to dance I reply,“In my mother’s womb,probably as a result of the oysters and champagne—the food of Aphrodite.”My mother was going through such a tragic experience at this time that she often said,“This child that will be born will surely not be normal,”and she expected a monster. And in fact from the moment I was born it seemed that I began to agitate my arms and legs in such a fury that my mother cried,“You see I was quite right,the child is a maniac!”But later on,placed in a baby jumper in the center of the table I was the amusement of the entire family and friends,dancing to any music that was played. My first memory is of a fire.I remember being thrown into the arms of a policeman from an upper window.I must have been about two or three years old,but I distinctly remember the comforting feeling,among all the excitement—the screams and the flames—of the security of the policeman and my little arms round his neck.He must have been an Irishman.I hear my mother cry in frenzy,“My boys,my boys,”and see her held back by the crowd from entering the building in which she imagined my two brothers had been left.Afterwards I remember finding the two boys sitting on the floor of a bar-room,putting on their shoes and stockings,and then the inside of a carriage,and then sitting on a counter drinking hot chocolate.I was born by the sea,and I have noticed that all the great events of my life have taken place by the sea.My first idea of movement,of the dance,certainly came from the rhythm of the waves.I was born under the star of Aphrodite,Aphrodite who was also born on the sea,and when her star is in the ascendant,events are always propitious to me.At these epochs life flows lightly and I am able to create.I have also noticed that the disappearance of this star is usually followed by disaster for me.The science of astrology has not perhaps the importance to-day that it had in the time of the ancient Egyptians or of the Chaldeans,but it is certain that our psychic life is under the influence of the planets,and if parents understood this they would study the stars in the creation of more beautiful children.I believe,too,that it must make a great difference to a child’s life whether it is born by the sea or in the mountains.The sea has always drawn me to it,whereas in the mountains I have a vague feeling of discomfort and a desire to fly.They always give me an impression of being a prisoner to the earth.Looking up at their tops,I do not feel the admiration of the general tourist,but only a desire to leap over them and escape.My life and my art were born of the sea.I have to be thankful that when we were young my mother was poor.She could not afford servants or governesses for her children,and it is to this fact that I owe the spontaneous life which I had the opportunity to express as a child and never lost.My mother was a musician and taught music for a living and as she gave her lessons at the houses of her pupils she was away from home all day and for many hours in the evening.When I could escape from the prison of school,I was free.I could wander alone by the sea and follow my own fantasies.How I pity the children I see constantly attended by nurses and governesses,constantly protected and taken care of and smartly dressed.What chance of life have they?My mother was too busy to think of any dangers which might befall her children,and therefore my two brothers and I were free to follow our own vagabond impulses,which sometimes led us into adventures which,had our mother known of them,would have driven her wild with anxiety.Fortunately she was blissfully unconscious.I say fortunately for me,for it is certainly to this wild untrammeled life of my childhood that I owe the inspiration of the dance I created,which was but the expression of freedom.I was never subjectedto the continual“don’ts”which it seems to me make children’s lives a misery.二、汉译英林语堂的《秋天的况味》秋天的黄昏,一人独坐在沙发上抽烟,看烟头白灰之下露出红光,微微透露出暖气,心头的情绪便跟着那蓝烟缭绕而上,一样的轻松,一样的自由。

上海外国语大学考研语言学概论真题回忆+答案2016

上海外国语大学考研语言学概论真题回忆+答案2016

上海外国语大学考研2016年语言学概论真题回忆版一、名词解释(20*2’)1、语言符号的线条性2、聚合关系3、语法意义4、语言类型分类5、文字类型分类6、语义7、结构语言学8、转换生成语法9、语流音变10、义素分析法11、语体12、异根13、派生词14、直接成分分析法15、语言和言语16、语义场17、历史比较法18、音位19、熟语20、语言的规范化二、多项选择(10*2’)1.汉语一个音节可以有个音素。

a.1b.2c.3d.4e.52.就语言的共同来源而言,__同属一个语族。

a.汉语和日语b.法语和意大利语c.西班牙语和希腊语d.英语和德语3.属于言语修养的标准。

a.逻辑性b.含蓄性c.健康性d.浅显性4.Books和Rooms;write和right涉及到下列拼写法原则。

a.语音原则b.形态音位原则c.历史传统原则d.辨义原则5.历史比较语言学的代表人物是。

a.葆朴b拉斯克c哈利迪d沃斯托克夫6.汉语体范畴包括。

a.进行体b.完成体c.短暂体d.未然体7.下列语言属于分析语的是。

a汉语b意大利语c英语d法语8.下列属于符号的是。

a信号灯b旗语c上课铃d盲文9.科技术语的特点是。

a单义性b描述性c体系性d理据性10.下列语言有声调的有。

a古梵语b景颇语c泰语d韩语三、填空(20分)1.思维规律是全人类的,而语言规律具有特点。

2.仿词的涌现,是规律起作用的结果。

试举一例。

3.是语言分化的主要原因。

4.汉语语音体系中和是音节的必要组成成分。

5.根据语言功能特征的分类,普通话属于标准语,解放前上海使用的洋泾浜语是。

6.符号学术语semantics、pragmatics、syntactic分别相当于语言学中的__、__、__。

其中,__专门研究语言单位同交际主体之间的关系。

7.我国第一部语义词典是;杨雄的《方言》提出了的概念;是中国古代第一部系统分析字形和考证字源的字书。

8.stood中的“t”是发生了音变。

上海外国语大学考研2016年英语语言文学英汉互译真题回忆版

上海外国语大学考研2016年英语语言文学英汉互译真题回忆版

英语语言文学英汉互译英译汉选自伊莎多拉•邓肯的自传 My LifeISADORA DUNCAN’S AUTOBIOGRAPHY: CHAPTER ONEThe character of a child is already plain, even in its mother’s womb. Before I was born my mother was in great agony of spirit and in a tragic situation. She could take no food except iced oysters and iced champagne. If people ask me when I began to dance I reply, “In my mother’s womb, probably as a result of the oysters and champagne—the food of Aphrodite.”My mother was going through such a tragic experience at this time that she often said, “This child that will be born will surely not be normal,” and she expected a monster. And in fact from the moment I was born it seemed that I began to agitate my arms and legs in such a fury that my mother cried, “You see I was quite right, the child is a maniac!” But later on, placed in a baby jumper in the center of the table I was the amusement of the entire family and friends, dancing to any music that was played. My first memory is of a fire. I remember being thrown into the arms of a policeman from an upper window. I must have been about two or three years old, but I distinctly remember the comforting feeling, among all the excitement—the screams and the flames—of the security of the policeman and my little arms round his neck. He must have been an Irishman. I hear my mother cry in frenzy, “My boys, my boys,” and see her held back by the crowd from entering the building in which she imagined my two brothers had been left. Afterwards I remember finding the two boys sitting on the floor of a bar-room, putting on their shoes and stockings, and then the inside of a carriage, and then sitting on a counter drinking hot chocolate.I was born by the sea, and I have noticed that all the great events of my life have taken place by the sea. My first idea of movement, of the dance, certainly came from the rhythm of the waves. I was born under the star of Aphrodite, Aphrodite who was also born on the sea, and when her star is in the ascendant, events are always propitious to me. At these epochs life flows lightly and I am able to create. I have also noticed that the disappearance of this star is usually followed by disaster for me. The science of astrology has not perhaps the importance to-day that it had in the time of the ancient Egyptians or of the Chaldeans, but it is certain that our psychic life is under the influence of the planets, and if parents understood this they would study the stars in the creation of more beautiful children.I believe, too, that it must make a great difference to a child’s life whether it is born by the sea or in the mountains. The sea has always drawn me to it, whereas in the mountains I have a vague feeling of discomfort and a desire to fly. They always give me an impression of being a prisoner to the earth. Looking up at their tops, I do not feel the admiration of the general tourist, but only a desire to leap over them and escape. My life and my art were born of the sea.I have to be thankful that when we were young my mother was poor. She could notafford servants or governesses for her children, and it is to this fact that I owe the spontaneous life which I had the opportunity to express as a child and never lost. My mother was a musician and taught music for a living and as she gave her lessons at the houses of her pupils she was away from home all day and for many hours in the evening. When I could escape from the prison of school, I was free. I could wander alone by the sea and follow my own fantasies. How I pity the children I see constantly attended by nurses and governesses, constantly protected and taken care of and smartly dressed. What chance of life have they? My mother was too busy to think of any dangers which might befall her children, and therefore my two brothers and Iwere free to follow our own vagabond impulses, which sometimes led us into adventures which, had our mother known of them, would have driven her wild with anxiety. Fortunately she was blissfully unconscious. I say fortunately for me, for it is certainly to this wild untrammeled life of my childhood that I owe the inspiration ofthe dance I created, which was but the expression of freedom. I was never subjectedto the continual “don’ts” which it seems to me make children’s lives a misery.汉译英:林语堂的《秋天的况味》秋天的黄昏,一人独坐在沙发上抽烟,看烟头白灰之下露出红光,微微透露出暖气,心头的情绪便跟着那蓝烟缭绕而上,一样的轻松,一样的自由。

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)为语法规范的普通话。

汉语言文字学 专业 汉语综合 试题(考试时间180分钟,满分150分,共7页)现代汉语部分(100分)一、名词解释(每个1.5分,共15分)1. 音节2. 音位变体3. 笔画4. 会意5. 词缀6. 义素7. 句类8. 亲属语言9. 语言融合 10. 比拟二、填空(每空0.5分,共10分)1. 现代汉民族共同语,就是以( )为标准音,以北方话为基础方言,以(2. 典型的吴方言以( )为代表。

3. ( )是构成音节的最小单位或最小的语音片段。

它是从( )的角度划分出来的。

4. 辅音[f ]按发音部位分类,属于( ),按发音方法中形成和解除阻碍的方式分类,属于( )。

5. 发音时,舌位、唇形及开口度始终不变的元音叫( )。

6. 普通话的全部字音分属四种基本调值:阴平、阳平、上声和( )。

7. ( )是指整句话的音高升降变化。

它与声调都是音高的变化形式,但声调只指一个音节的音高变化,所以又叫( )。

8. 一般把世界上的语言分为孤立语、粘着语、屈折语、复综语四种类型,汉语是( )的一个代表。

9. 以语素的组合能力为标准,可以把语素分为两种:( )能够单独成词,也能够跟其他语素组合成词;( )不能单独成词,一般只能跟别的语素组合成词。

10. 引申即派生意义产生的一般途径,大体上可以分为两种方式:“习”本来是“鸟反复地飞”的意思,从这个意义引申出“反复练习、复习、温习”等意义,这种引申方式称为()。

“兵”最初的意义是“兵器、武器”,后来引申出“拿兵器的人、战争、军事”等意义,这种引申方式称为()。

11. 现代汉语中“卡车”一词来源于英语“car”,“啤酒”一词来源于英语“beer”,它们是通过()方式构成的外来词。

12. 按照语法性质进行分类,“大型轿车、彩色电视”中的“大型、彩色”属于实词中的()。

13. 从意义类型看,“走漏了消息”一句中“消息”属于()宾语。

14. 人们平常说的“官腔”、“干部腔”、“学生腔”等等的“腔”,都是对某一言语社团在语言表达上的共同特点的概括,所谓“腔”就是一种()。

三、选择(每题1分,共20分)1. 以下()不是现代汉语语音的特点。

A 没有复辅音B 没有送气音和不送气音的对立C 元音占优势D 有声调2. 下列声母中,()和开口呼、齐齿呼、合口呼、撮口呼四类韵母都可以拼合成音节。

A b、p、mB j、q、xC n、lD z、c、s3. 在语流中,上声音节的字调值可能变为35或21,以下()中加点字的调值为21。

A 姐.姐B 想.起C 讲.讲D 演.讲4. 秦始皇统一六国后整理、推行的标准字体称为(),它的字形更加匀称、整齐,笔画圆转、简化,基本废除了异体字。

A 大篆B 小篆C 隶书D 楷书5. 以下()属于象形字。

A 泉B 三C 森D河6. 以下()中四个字写法全部正确。

A 卑恭屈膝B 敲榨勒索C 真知卓见D 举止安详7. 以下()包含双音节语素。

A 俱乐部B 红蜡烛C 花蝴蝶D 东北虎8. 以下()的构词类型和其他三个不同。

A 哥哥B 弟弟C 姥姥D 妈妈9. 以下构成“极性反义义场”的一组词是()。

A 动——静B 有——无C 黑——白D 反——正10. 在词语“跑材料”中,“跑”的意思属于()。

A 基本义B 引申义C 比喻义D 临时义11. 基本词汇和语法一起构成一种语言的基础。

从整体看,基本词汇的特点中不包括()。

A 稳固性B 能产性C 全民常用性D 意义整体性12. 以下形容词中属于状态形容词的是()。

A 伟大B 飞速C 优秀D 高兴13. “最近老下雨”中“老”的词类和下列()中“大”的词类相同。

A 大不相同B 睁大眼睛C 大年初一D 大雪纷飞14. 以下属于准谓宾动词的是()。

A 打算B 省得C 致以D 有助于15. 以下各句中加点的部分属于程度补语的是()。

A 搬家真折腾人,人都折腾瘦.了。

B 他讲的故事真有意思,我听得津津有味....。

C 他高兴得眼泪都流出来了.......。

D 这孩子激动得跳起来...。

16. 下列句子中,()的补语在语义上指向主语。

A 孩子哭肿了眼睛。

B 孩子听烦了批评。

C 孩子砸碎了玻璃。

D 孩子喝完了咖啡。

17. 以下由兼语短语充当谓语的句子是()。

A倒杯茶喝。

B大家叫她祥林嫂。

C称他为球迷。

D他打了我一下。

18. “哪里都能种苹果树吗?”属于疑问句中的()。

A 特指问B 是非问C 正反问D 选择问19. “你把意见整理一下,明天好交大会讨论。

”属于()关系复句。

A 目的B 顺承C 因果D 递进20. “在高原的土地上种下一株株的树秧,也就是种下了一个美好的希望。

”这句话中运用了()修辞手法。

A 借喻B 暗喻C 夸张D 拈连四、分析操作题(30分)1. 有些方言区的人常常将下列词语中加点字的读音相混:女.客——旅.客,男.衣——蓝.衣,年.代——连.带。

请用现代汉语的相关语音知识说明这种现象,并提出正音办法。

(3分)2. 用层次分析法分析下列短语,划分到词。

(7分)⑴弟弟会不会包饺子?⑵这本书很适合我。

3. 分化下列歧义结构(8分)⑴哥哥和姐姐的朋友⑵需要进口的设备⑶反对的是小王⑷客人都来了。

4. 改正下列句子中的语病,并分析错误原因。

(9分)⑴从大量科学实验中告诉我们,雷电可以释放巨大的能量。

⑵丰富的实践,使他广阔地接触了社会生活。

⑶既然你知道这样不对,所以就应该尽快改正。

5. 划分以下复句的层次,并写明内在关系。

(3分)园林艺术不是无目的地再现自然,而是在自然景物中寄托一定的理想和信念,借助自然景物表明主人的志向和趣味,以满足精神上的某种追求。

五、论述题(25分)1. 请简述语言的符号性质。

(5分)2. 请举例说明语境对词义有哪些影响。

(8分)3. 传统上以意义为标准划分汉语的词类,把意义实在的词称为“实词”,意义空灵的词称为“虚词”。

你认为这种做法合理吗?请从语法形式和意义关系的角度,谈一谈你对汉语词类划分的依据以及词类划分中棘手问题的认识。

(12分)古代汉语部分(50分)一、名词解释(10分)1. 韵部2. 异体字3. 疏4. 古音通假二、解释字词(15分)1. 解釋下列加点字的意思(每题1分,共5分)⑴問其名居,不告而退,遂自亡.也。

(左傳·宣公二年)⑵宣王謝.曰:“寡人有罪國家。

”(戰國策·齊策四)⑶苟有用我者,期.月而已可也;三年有成。

(論語·子路)⑷禹之時,十年九潦,而水弗為加益.;湯之時,八年七旱,而崖不為加損。

(莊子·秋水)⑸匠石運斤成風,聽.而斵之。

(莊子·徐无鬼)2.辨析词语(每题2分,共10分)⑴召/招⑵貧/窮⑶閒/閑⑷樹/木⑸請/求三、选择(5分)1. 以下“引”的意义为本义的是()。

A 秦軍引.而去B 引.而伸之C 將軍夜引.弓D 子子孫孫,勿替引.之2. “以”本来是一个动词,后来演变为介词。

下列各句中“以”用作动词的一句是()。

A 君若以.德綏諸侯,誰敢不服?B 桓公九合諸侯,不以.兵車,管仲之力也。

C 今子欲以.子之梁國而嚇我邪?D 我非愛其財而易之以.羊也。

3. 以下加点的名词为意动用法的是()。

A 齊桓公合諸侯而國.異姓。

B 曹子手.劍而從之。

C 羣臣後應者,臣請劍.斬之。

D 不如吾聞而藥.之也。

4. 以下加点词为偏义复词的是()。

A 今有一人,入人園圃..,竊其桃李。

B 馬陵道陝,而旁多阻隘..。

C 與朋友..交,而不信乎?D 吾不忍其觳觫..,若無罪而就死地。

5. 关于《经籍纂诂》,下列说法中不正确的是()。

A 它由清代阮元等编篡,出版于清嘉庆年间。

B 这是一部专门收集清代以前各种古书注解的字典。

C 其中收录的单字只解释,不注音。

D 原书在编排上用的是韵母排列法,使用时要依韵查字。

四、请将下面的短文转写为简体字并加标点。

(10分)斬敵者受賞而高慈惠之行拔城者受爵祿而信廉愛之說堅甲厲兵以備難而美薦紳之飾富國以農距敵恃卒而貴文學之士廢敬上畏法之民而養遊俠私劍之屬舉行如此治強不可得也五、将下列古文断句并翻译成现代汉语。

(10分)雖有天下易生之物也一日暴之十日寒之未有能生者也吾見亦罕矣吾退而寒之者至矣吾如有萌焉何哉今夫弈之爲數小數也不專心致志则不得也弈秋通國之善弈者也使弈秋誨二人弈其一人專心致志惟弈秋之爲聽一人雖聽之一心以爲有鴻鵠將至思援弓繳而射之雖與之俱學弗若之矣爲是其智弗若與曰非然也。

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