倒装句“四兄弟”

英语倒装句

倒装句“四兄弟”

英语句子的基本结构是主语在前，谓语在后，但是出于修辞上的需要，我们常使用倒装结构。谓语都放在主语的前面称为全部倒装；只把谓语的一部分（如助动词、情态动词或系动词be）放在主语前面称为部分倒装。倒装句内容繁杂，难以把握，但按照下列法则归类，便可达到事半功倍的效果。

一、结构倒装

1. there be句型。用全部倒装。如：

There are two books on the desk.

桌子上有两本书。

There lived an old couple in that house.

有一对老夫妇住在那栋房子里。

2. 疑问句。用部分倒装。如：

What are you going to do today?

你今天要做什么？

Do you often get up at 6:00 in the morning?

你每天经常6点起床吗？

注意：疑问词作主语的句子不倒装。

3. 表示祝愿或感叹的句子。用部分倒装。如：

May you succeed! 祝你成功！

Isn”t it wonderful! 这多好呀！

How blue the sky is! 天空多蓝呀！

4. 直接引语位于句首的陈述句，主语是名词时用全部倒装。如：

“We will put off the meeting” said the headmaster.

校长说：“我们将推迟这次会议。”

二、强调倒装

1. 副词there, here, up, down, now, then, in, out, away, over, on, off, soon, thus 等位于句首，且主语是名词时谓语常用be或表示位移的动词，用全部倒装。如：

Here comes the bus. 汽车来了。

The door opened and in came a strange man.

门开了，闯进一个陌生人。

注意：代词作主语时不倒装。如：

Away they all went.

他们一下子都走了。

2. 介词短语、形容词、分词等位于句首时用全部倒装。如：

In front of the village is a small river.

村子前面有一条小河。

Present at the meeting were all the teachers and students in our school.

全校师生都出席了会议。

Lying on the floor was an old woman.

躺在地板上的是位老太太。

Seated on the grass are some students singing and laughing.

一些学生坐在草地上，唱着、笑着。

3. 有些含否定意义的副词或短语seldom, hardly, scarcely, barely, never, little, not, nowhere, at no time, no sooner… than…, not until, not only… but also…, by no means, hardly (scarcely)… when…等，或表示时间的副词或短语always, often, once, then, many a time, now and then, every three hours等位于句首时用部分倒装。如：

Seldom have I met him recently.

最近我很少碰到他。

No sooner had they reached home than it began to rain.

他们刚到家，天就下雨了。

Nowhere was the boy to be found.

哪儿都找不到这个孩子。

Not until the sun had set did they stop working.

直到太阳落山他们才停止工作。

Often did we persuade him not to smoke.

我们经常劝他不要吸烟。

Many a time have I seen him sitting there thinking deeply.

我多次看见他坐在那里沉思。

4. “only＋状语”位于句首时后面的句子用部分到装。如：

Only by working hard can you make great progress.

只有努力，你才能取得更大的进步。

Only when the war was over in 1945 was he able to get back to his motherland.

直到1945年战争结束后，他才能够回到他的祖国。

5. “so (such)… that…”结构中的so或such位于句首时前半句用部分倒装。如：

So wonderful was the film that everyone was deeply moved.

这部电影如此精彩，每个人都被深深打动了。

Such a good student is she that our teachers all love her.

她是那么好的一个学生，我们的老师都喜欢她。

三、省略倒装

1. 省略了if的虚拟条件句，把had, were, should, would, could或did提到句首时，构成部分倒装。如：