乔姆斯基的普遍语法

乔姆斯基的普遍语法理论

保定学院刘丽娟

摘要:本文阐述了乔姆斯基的普遍语法理论的产生背景、理论来源和主要内容，并在此基础上从语言习得的角度着重探讨了普遍语法理论的核心思想。本文从语言习得的定义,引出三种理论布龙菲尔德的行为主义理论,乔姆斯基的天赋假说和交互模式.在探讨过程中，乔姆斯基对其他行为主义的批判.虽然乔姆斯基的天赋假说一直处于不断的调整和更新中,但始终是一种假设性的理论,仍无得到很好的验证.

关键词:乔姆斯基,普遍语法,语言习得装置,心理学,语言学,交互主义，行为主义

Abstract: with a brief introduction of the theoretical background and content of Chomsky Theory of UG,this dissertation emphatically examines the major assumptions of the theory concerning language acquisition 。This paper discussing from the definition of LA,lead to the three theories a behaviourist view ,an innatist view ,an interactionist view.It is of epoch-making significance that Chomsky’s critique of other stimulus-reinforcement theory demonstrates a breakthrough against the behaviorist doctrine which has governed American psychology for nearly half a century。So far，however，the theory of UG is considered were hypothetic assumptions resting on no evidence and exiguously actual

speculation ，though it is still under revision today。

Key words :Chomsky,universal grammar，language acquisition device，psychology，linguistic，interactionist，behaviourisst. Introduction：Language acquisition is a important field inlinguistic。Over half of the century，researchers introduced many theories,such as , a behaviorist view of language acquisition (Skinners) , an innatist view of language acquisition (Chomsky) , an interactionist view of language acquisition .but what is the language acquisition？Language acquisition refers to the child’s acquisition of his mother tongue, i.e. how the child comes to understand and speak the language of his community. Children all over the world learn to speak at about the same time unless they are isolated during the critical acquisition years or unless they suffer from extreme external deficiency 。How do children accomplish this? What enable children to learn words and string them together into meaningful sentences ？What facilitie children to develop the grammatical system of their language？What help them to achieve the communicative competence using the language to express their various needs ？All these have been attracting the time and efforts of linguists ,psycholinguists，psychologists.generally speaking ,there are mainly three theories concerning how language is learned ，namely the behaviorist ，the innatist,the interactionist views .

Traditional behaviorists view language as behavior and believe that language learning is simply a matter of imitation and habit formation. Imitation àRecognition àReinforcement.the chief exponent of the behaviourist view is B.FSkinner. this view was prevalent before the 1960s ,after that it was under challenge and criticism for its deficiencies discovered later. The inadequacy of behaviorist view lies in explaining how children acquire complex language system. The merits of it offers a reasonable account of how children acquire some of the regular and routine aspects of the language . An Innatist view of language acquisition Noam Chomsky claims that human beings are biologically programmed for language and that the language develops in the child just as other biological functions such as walking.This innate ability is called Language Acquisition Device (LAD) by Chomsky. An interactionist view of language acquisition .The interactionist view holds that language develops as a result of the complex interplay between the human characteristics of the child and the environment in which the child develops. Integrated with the innatist view, the interactionist further claims that the modified language which is suitable for the child’s capability is crucial in his language acquisition. (motherese). In summary, in behaviorist approach, language environment plays a major role in providing both language models to be imitated and necessary