英美报刊选读复习题

英美报刊选读复习题一、Reading ComprehensionPassage 1It was not “the comet of the century” experts predicted it might be. Nevertheless, Kohoutek has provided a bonanza of scientific information. It was first spotted 370 million miles from the earth, by an astronomer who was searching sky for asteroids, and after whom the comet was named. Scientists who traced Kohoutek ten month before it passed the earth predicted the comet would be a brilliant spectacle. But Kohoutek fell short of this prediction, disappointing millions of amateur sky watchers, when it proved too pale to be seen with the unaided eye. Researchers were delighted nonetheless with the new information they were able to glean from their investigation of the comet. Perhaps the most significant discovery was the identification of two important chemical compounds-methyl cyanide and hydrogen cyanide-never seen in comets before, but found in the far reaches of interstellar space. This discovery revealed new clues about the origin of comets. Most astronomers agree that comets are primordial remnant from the formation of the solar system, but whether they were born between Jupiter and Neptune or much farther out toward interstellar space has been the subject of much debate. If compounds no more complex than ammonia and methane key components of Jupiter, were see in comets, it would suggest that comets form within the planetary orbits. But more complex compounds, such as the methyl cyanide found in Kotoutek, point to formation far beyond the planets; there the deep freeze at space has kept them unchanged.1. What is the subject of the passage?( )a. What was learned from Kohoutek.b. What was disappointing about Kohoutek.c. Where Kohoutek was spotted. d. How Kohoutek was tracked.2. Why was Kohoutek referred to as the comet of the century? ( )a. It was thought to be extremely old.b. It passes the earth once a century.c. Scientists predicted is would be very bright.d. Scientists have been tracking it for a century.3. In what respect was Kohoutek a disappointment?( )a. It could be seen only through special equipment.b. It did not approach the earth.c. It did not provide valuable scientific information.d. It was moving too rapidly for scientists to photograph.4. Before the investigation on Kotoutek, where had methyl cyanide been known to exist?( )a. In comets.b. On asteroids.c. Between Jupiter and Neptune.d. Beyond the solar system.5. According to the passage, what is one major component of Jupiter? ( )a. Hydrogen cyanide.b. Methyl cyanide.c. Hydrogen.d. Ammonia.6. What aspect of Kohoutek did scientists find most interesting?( )a. Its shape.b. Its composition.c. Its orbit.d. Its size.7. Which of the following question is best answered by information gained from Kohoutek?( )a. Where were comets formed?b. When were comets formed?c. When was the solar system formed?d. How was the solar system formed?Passag2The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihood of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-to-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed “intuition” to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty and surprise, and to integrate action into the process of thinking.Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality. Other view it as an excuse for capriciousness.Isenberg’s recent research on the cognitive process of senior managers reveals that managers intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an "Aha" experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these method which run counter their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that “thinking” is inseparable from a cting. Sincemanagers often “know” what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. An analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking action cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.Given great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issuer One implication of thinking acting cycle is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just implementing the solution.1. According to the passage, senior manager use intuition in all of the following ways except to .A. speed up the creation of a solution to a problemB. identify a problemC. bring together disparate factsD. stipulate clear goal2. The passage suggests which of the following about the “writers on management” mentioned in line 11?A. They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.B. They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers.C. They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do.D. They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.3. Which of the following best exemplifies “an ‘Aha’ experience”?A. A manager risks raking an action whose outcome is unpredictable to discover whether the action changes the problems at hand.B. A manager performs well-learned and familiar Behavior patterns in creative and uncharacteristic ways to solve a problem.C. A manager suddenly connects seemingly unrelated facts and experiences to create a pattern relevant to the problem athand.D. A manager rapidly identifies the methodology used to compile data yielded by systematic analysis4. According to the passage the classical model of decision analysis includes all the following except ___________.A. evaluation of problemB. creation of clear goals to be reached by the decisionC. establishment of clear goals to be reached by the decisionD. action undertaken in order to discover more information about a problem5. It can be inferred from the passage that which the following would most probably be one major difference in behavior between Manager X, who uses intuition to reach decisions, and Manager Y, who uses only formal decision analysis?A Manager X analyzes first and then acts; Manager Y does notB. Manager X checks possible solution to a problem by systhematic analysis; Manager does not.C.Manager X takes actionin orde to arrive at the solution to a problem; Manager Y does not.D. Manager Y draws on years of hands-on experience in creating a solution to a problem; Manager X does not.6. It can be inferred from the passage that thinking/acting cycles (line 5, last paragraph) in managerial practice would be likely to result in which of the followingⅠ. A manager analyzes a network of problem and then acts on the basis of that analysis.Ⅱ. A manager gathers data by acting and observing the effects of actionⅢ. A manager takes action without being able to articulate reasons for that particular action.A. I only.B. Ⅱonly.C. Ⅰand Ⅱ.D. Ⅱand Ⅲ.7. The passage provides support for which of the following statements?A. Managers who rely on intuition are more successful than those who rely on formal decision analysis.B. Managers cannot justify their intuitive decisions.C. Managers' intuition works contrary to their rational and analytical skillsD. Intuition rabies managers to employ their practical experience more efficiently.8. Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph of the passage?A. An assertion is made and a specific supporting example is givenB. A conventional model is dismissed and an alternative introduced.C. The results of recent research are introduced and evaluated.D. Two opposing points of view are presented and evaluated.Passag3Every human being, no matter what he is doing, gives off body heat. The usual problem is how to get rid of it. But the designers of the Johnstown campus of the University of Pittsburgh set themselves the opposite problem – how to collect body heat. They have designed a collection system which uses not only body heat, but the heat given off by such objects as light bulbs 电灯and refrigerators冰箱as well. The system works so well that no fuel is needed to make the campus's six buildings comfortable.Some parts of most modern buildings – theaters and offices as well as classrooms – are more than sufficiently heated by people and lights and sometimes must be air-conditioned even in winter . The technique of saving heat and redistributing it is called “heat recovery”. A few modern buildings recover heat, but the University's system is the first to recover heat from buildings and reuse it in others.Along the way, Pitt has learned a great deal about some of its producers. The harder a student studies, the more heat his body gives off. Male students send out more heat than female students, and the larger a student is, the more heat he produces . It is tempting to conclude that the hottest prospect for the Johnstown campus would be a hard-working overweight male genius.1. What is characteristic of the buildings on Johnstown campus of the University of Pittsburgh?A. They are more comfortable to live in than other buildings.B. They collect body heat to regulate the temperature inside.C. They use light bulbs to heat the classrooms.D. They consume less fuel to keep the classrooms cool.2. According to the passage, the technique of heat recovery is used __ ______.A. to provide a special form of air-conditioningB. to provide heat for the hot water systemC. to find out the source of heatD. to collect heat and reuse it3. The phrase “the hottest prospect” in this passage refers to __ ______.A. the person who suffers most from heatB. the person who needs more heat than othersC. the person who gives off most heatD. the person who make better use of body heat4. Which of the following statements is NOT true according the passage?A. The harder a student works, the more heat he or she produces.B. The bigger a student is, the more heat he or she sends out.C. A girl student sends out more heat than a boy student.D. A large and hard-working boy student gives off the most heat.5. Which of the following may be the best title for this passage?A. Recovery of Body Heat C. Modern Building's Heat SystemB. Body Heat and Sex D. Ways of Heating Buildings二、Translate the following sentences:1.Crackdown on loan repayment penaltiesPeople who repay loans early will get a fairer deal under changes outlined today.2.Hong Kong was hit hard by Sars and had a difficult year but is ‘bouncing back’, Prime Minister Tony Blair has said during his visit to the region.3.Extra places confirm faith in foundation degreesThere will be an extra 10,000 places on foundation degree courses next year, giving more people a chance to study for a vocationally-focused higher education qualification.三、Read the following short passages and choose the best answer.Passage 1GENEV A-A 38-year-old Spanish man briefly hijacked 抢劫a French airliner on Majorca Sunday and threatened to blow it up to protest 抗议France's plans to resume nuclear testing, then surrendered in投降放弃Geneva without a struggle after releasing 298 passengers and crew. An official at Geneva's Cointrin Airport described the man as unbalanced. ( )A .A Spanish man hijacked a French airline to protest France's nuclear testing.B. A Spanish man who had threatened to blow up a French airline surrendered in Geneva.C. A Spanish man who had hijacked a French airline surrendered in Geneva.Passage 2TOKYO-When Compaq Computers康帕电脑and Dell Computer invaded 进入the Japanese market three years age with personal computers selling for half the price of the local varieties当地品种, rival竞争对手Japanese companies braced for trouble准备应付动乱. But instead of killing the Japanese personal computer industry, the American onslaught猛攻liberated 放纵it. Proceed by wh at is known as the “Compaq Shock康帕冲击,” Japanese manufacturers have become fiercer competitors, cutting their prices drastically. The result has been a boom in sales that is benefiting the Japanese manufacturers as much as the Americans. ( )A. American and Japanese computer companies compete to win the Japanese market.B. “Compaq Shock,” has benefited Japanese market.C. Fierce competition between American and Japanese computer companies has helped the computer sales boom in Japan.Passage 3PARIS-A bomb 炸弹exploded at a crowded street market in Paris near the Place de la Bastille Sunday morning, leaving four people slightly hurt. The police said that the bomb, packed into a pressure cooker and hidden in a bag under a vegetable stand, did not cause greater damage because of a malfunction.功能失常But the incident clearly left a deep impact onGovernment officials who are facing what they believe to be a campaign of terrorism directed by Islamic militants from Algeria. Police did not immediately link the bomb to three devices planted in recent weeks, which killed seven and wounded scores of others in Paris. ( )A .A bomb blast at a Paris market hurt four people.B. four people were injured in a crowded street market in Paris..C. Terrorists planted in bomb in Paris that wounded四、cloze:A contract is an agreement between two or more people (1) ________ one person agrees to do something by a specified date in return for something done by (2) ________. Usually the contract is a written document signed and dated by both (3) ________. It must state clearly the consideration, that is, what is to be given or done by one person in (4) _______ for what is given or done by the other. If one person does (5) ________ was promised and the other does not, that other may be sued in court and required by court order to make good. He or she (6) ________ also to be required to pay for damages suffered as a result of the failure to perform. The things (7) ________ by both parties must be stated in definite terms (8) ________ the court will hold that the contract is (9) ________ vague and general to be enforced. (10) ________, the time period within which the work is to be done must be definite or the court will say that the document is not a contract.( )1. A. in which B. which C. that D. on that( )2. A. another B. other C. the other D. others( )3. A. parts B. people C. parties D. aspects( )4. A. replace B. change C. payment D. exchange( )5. A. that B. what C. the thing D. something( )6. A. need B. has C. ought D. may( )7. A. to be done B. to do C. done D. being done( )8. A. and B. or C. else D. so( )9. A. so B. too C. rather D. over( )10. A. Similar B. The same C. Similarly D. Too英美报刊选读复习题答案一、Reading ComprehensionPassage 1：1.A 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.D 6.B 7.APassage 2：1.D 2.D 3.C 4.D 5.C 6.D 7.D 8.BPassage 3：1.B 2.D 3.C 4.C 5.A二、Translate the following sentences:1．严罚贷款不偿还行为今天已提出纲要对提前偿还贷款者将获相当的报酬2．Tony Blair在访问这一地区时说：香港因SARS遭受巨大打击，度过重重困难岁月，但目前经济已经回升。