曼昆《经济学原理》(宏观经济学分册)英文原版ppt课件
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© 2007 Thomson South-Western
How Productivity Is Determined
• The inputs used to produce goods and services are called the factors of production.
• The factors of production include:
• The poorest countries have average levels of income that have not been seen in the United States for many decades.
• Annual growth rates that seem small become large when compounded for many years.
– Productivity plays a key role in determining living standards for all nations in the world.
– To understand the large differences in living standards across countries, we must focus on the production of goods and services.
term for the knowledge and skills that workers acquire through education, training, and experience. • Like physical capital, human capital raises a nation’s ability to produce goods and services.
• It is an input into the production process that in the past was an output from the production process.
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
How Productivity Is Determined • Human capital per worker is the economist’s
• Compounding refers to the accumulation of a growth rate over a period of time.
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
Productivity: Its Role and Determinants
wk.baidu.com• Why Productivity Is So Important
• Tools used to build or repair automobiles. • Tools used to build furniture. • Office buildings, schools, etc.
• Physical capital is a produced factor of production.
Production and Growth
• Productivity refers to the amount of goods and services produced from each unit of labor input.
• A nation’s standard of living is determined largely by the productivity of its workers.
• In the United States over the past century, average income as measured by real GDP per person has grown by about 2 percent per year.
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
Table 1 The Variety of Growth Experiences
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
ECONOMIC GROWTH AROUND THE WORLD
• Living standards, as measured by real GDP per person, vary significantly among nations.
• Physical capital • Human capital • Natural resources • Technological knowledge
• The factors of production directly determine productivity.
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
Production and Growth
• A country’s standard of living depends on its ability to produce goods and services.
• Within a country there are large changes in the standard of living over time.
How Productivity Is Determined
• Physical capital per worker is the stock of equipment and structures that are used to produce goods and services.
• Physical capital includes:
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
How Productivity Is Determined
• The inputs used to produce goods and services are called the factors of production.
• The factors of production include:
• The poorest countries have average levels of income that have not been seen in the United States for many decades.
• Annual growth rates that seem small become large when compounded for many years.
– Productivity plays a key role in determining living standards for all nations in the world.
– To understand the large differences in living standards across countries, we must focus on the production of goods and services.
term for the knowledge and skills that workers acquire through education, training, and experience. • Like physical capital, human capital raises a nation’s ability to produce goods and services.
• It is an input into the production process that in the past was an output from the production process.
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
How Productivity Is Determined • Human capital per worker is the economist’s
• Compounding refers to the accumulation of a growth rate over a period of time.
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
Productivity: Its Role and Determinants
wk.baidu.com• Why Productivity Is So Important
• Tools used to build or repair automobiles. • Tools used to build furniture. • Office buildings, schools, etc.
• Physical capital is a produced factor of production.
Production and Growth
• Productivity refers to the amount of goods and services produced from each unit of labor input.
• A nation’s standard of living is determined largely by the productivity of its workers.
• In the United States over the past century, average income as measured by real GDP per person has grown by about 2 percent per year.
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
Table 1 The Variety of Growth Experiences
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
ECONOMIC GROWTH AROUND THE WORLD
• Living standards, as measured by real GDP per person, vary significantly among nations.
• Physical capital • Human capital • Natural resources • Technological knowledge
• The factors of production directly determine productivity.
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
© 2007 Thomson South-Western
Production and Growth
• A country’s standard of living depends on its ability to produce goods and services.
• Within a country there are large changes in the standard of living over time.
How Productivity Is Determined
• Physical capital per worker is the stock of equipment and structures that are used to produce goods and services.
• Physical capital includes:
© 2007 Thomson South-Western