【外研版】高中英语必修四：Module4Greatscientists语法学案含答案.docx

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必修四模块4

语法学案

课题教学目标

教学重点教学难点

Great Scientists课时 1 课时

1.Revise some language points.

2. Learn more about Grammar of the module .

3.Learn to use this Grammar.

Revision of passive voice

Deal with some important exercises about it.

课堂导学

被动语态复习Revision of passive voice

(一 )语态分类

英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表

示主语是动作的承受者。如：

They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动 )

A new bridge will be built over the river. ( 被动 )

汉语中常用“被” 、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：be+过去分词构成。

(二 )被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化

主要体现在 be 的变化上，其形式与系动词be 的变化形式完全一样,列表如下：一般现在时am/is/are + done

一般过去时was/were + done

一般将来时Shall ＋ will +be+ done

现在进行时am/is/are+ being+done

过去进行时was/were+being +done

过去将来时Should/would+b e+done

现在完成时Has/have+been+done

过去完成时Had +been + done

［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。

(三 )被动语态常用的八种时态

1.一般现在时

People grow rice in the south of the states.

_______________________________________________________( 改为被动 )

T he school doesn't allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.

We __________________enter the chemistry lab wi thout a teacher. (被动 )

2.一般过去时

He had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.

And the students didn't forget his lessons easily.

He had a strange way of making his classes lively and his lessons______________________.

3.一般将来时

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They will send cars abroad by sea.

Cars ___________abroad by sea.

They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers.

Plenty of jobs _________________school-leavers.

4.过去将来时

The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year.

The manager said the project ______________________________________________

5.现在进行时

The radio is broadcasting English lessons.

English lessons ________________________________________________________

6.过去进行时

This time last year we were planting trees here.

Trees ____________________________________________________

7.现在完成时

Someone has told me the sports meet might be put off.

I __________________ the sports meet might be put off.

8.过去完成时

People had considered him to be a great leader.

He _______________________________________________

9.含有情态动词的被动语态

含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+ be+ 及物动词的过去分词”构成。

e.g. The teacher said,“ You must hand in your compositions after class.”

The teacher said, “ Your compositions must be handed in after class. ”

He can write a great many letters with the computer.

A great many letters _________________________________________ __

(四 )被动语态的使用

1. 当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by 短语。

“ Mr. White, the cup with mixture was broken after class. ”( 只是告诉老师杯子坏了，不知是谁弄坏的，

或不想说出谁弄坏的 )。

2. 突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。

These records were made by John Denver.

The cup was broken by Paul.

3. 当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in+名词作状语，而代替 by 短语。

These cars were made in China.

15, 000 cars will be produced each year in the new factory.

英译汉： ______________________________________________________________

(五 )主动语态变被动语态的方法

1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。

2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be+ 过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。

3. 把主动语态的主语变为介词by 的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by 短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用in+ 地点名词作状语。如：

My aunt invited me to her dinner party.

主语谓语宾语