制造企业生产线平衡的方法研究解析

制造企业生产线平衡的方法研究

专业：工业工程

班级：11级

姓名：宋俊达

目录

引言3 1 某生产线平衡中存在的问题及原因分析5 1.1 缺乏对作业进行方法研究 5 1.2 忽视了人的因素 5 1.3 时间研究方法应用存在的问题 6 1.4 模特法应用存在的问题 6 1.5 宽放种类及宽放率确定有误 7

1.6 企业领导使用标准时间数据态度不坚决 8

2.生产线平衡的基本原理9 2.1 生产线平衡的定义 9 2.2 生产线平衡要满足的约束 9 2.3 生产线平衡的目的 9 2.4 提高生产线平衡率的原则及效果 10

2.5 影响生产线平衡的主要因素 11

3. 生产线平衡的手段与基本方法14 3.1 基础工业工程的方法研究和作业测定 14 3.2 “5S”管理活动 19 3.3 目视管理手段 21 3.4 生产线平衡的FOG方法 23 3.5 生产线平衡的最大候选原则 25 3.6 生产线平衡的分级位置权法 30

4.某生产线平衡的改善32

4.1 作业测定方法的改善 32 4.2 改善标准作业指导书 37

4.3 现场生产线平衡的改善实例 37

结论43

致谢44

参考文献45

摘要

随着全球制造业的快速发展，市场由卖方市场转入买方市场，如何提高生产线的产量和整体效率，越来越受到企业的重视。实现均衡生产，有利于保证设备、人力的负荷平衡，从而能提高设备和工时的利用率，节约资源，同时还有利于保证产品质量，降低生产成本。本文首先阐述了生产线平衡的重要性，然后交代国内外研究现状，再介绍生产线平衡的三大内方法：最优化方法、启发式方法和工业工程方法。明确了工业工程便于实施、价格低、实用性强、尤其适合小型生产线的特点，以某公司为例，用工业工程方法对生产线平衡予以改进，工业工程方法包括方法研究与作业测定两大块，本文没有过多考虑作业测定，而是直接使用标准时间，重点在于方法研究中的作业分析，采用了“5W1H”技术，并使用鱼骨图分析问题的所在，利用ECRS原则处理问题，改善生产线现状，在此基础上，结合PDCA循环帮助实现精益生产。最后比较三个参数：时间损失率、生产线平衡率、平滑系数来说明改进的效果。在文章最后提出了后期的改善建议。

关键字：

工业工程方法；生产线平衡；ECRS；5W1H；PDCA

Abstract

With the rapid development of the global manufacturing industry, market from a seller's market into a buyer's market, how to improve the yield and efficiency of the whole production line, more and more attention by enterprises. To achieve balanced production, is conducive to keep load balance equipment, manpower, and can improve the utilization rate of equipment and working hours, save resources, but also to ensure the product quality, reduce production cost. This paper firstly expounds the importance of production line balance, and then explain the research status at home and abroad, and then introduces the three inner line balancing method: optimization method, the heuristic method and the method of industry engineering. Clearly the industrial engineering and convenient implementation, low price, strong practicability, especially suitable for small production line, taking a certain company as the example, improvement of the production line balance to be used the method of industry engineering, industrial engineering and operations research methods including the method for the determination of two blocks, this paper did not consider the work measurement, but directly use standard time the focus is on the analysis of research methods, in the operation, using "5W1H" technology, and use the fishbone diagram analysis of the problem, the use of ECRS principles to deal with problems, to improve production line situation, on this basis, combined with the PDCA cycle to help achieve lean production. Finally, comparison of three parameters: the time loss rate, production line balancing rate, to illustrate the effect of improved smoothing coefficient. In the article proposed finally the later improvement suggestions.

Keywords:

industrial engineering method; production line balance; ECRS; 5W1H; PDCA