3月13日托福阅读答案解析

3月13日托福阅读答案解析2016年3月13日托福阅读真题词汇题汇总：

dramatically=striking

perplexing=puzzling

tending=taking 挀愀爀攀of

conducive=favorable 琀漀

quest＝search

prevail＝dominant

generally＝usually

thereby＝consequently

exceptional＝extraordinary

suitable=appropriate

3月13日托福阅读真题第一篇

题材划分：地质类

主要内容：北美海面某种dramatically heat 的现象。这种先现象还导致海面上升(有题问为什么上升)。然后用洋流来解释，但是这解释有问题，因为科学家发现洋流带来30%热才能增温。但是不管是表层海水还是底层海水的检测都发现根本没这么多热，所以就进入第二段比较了厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜，厄尔尼诺是太平洋赤道带海洋和大气互相作用后失去平衡的气候现象，还说暖流移动，使cool area变

暖，还和Indian比较，Indian ocean 是cool area，有deep sea和sea surface。史前距今五百万年的Eocene 时期在极地仍然会出现温暖的季节.厄尔尼诺还和trade wind减弱相关。拉尼娜是海面温度异常偏冷的现象，拉尼娜和wind trade 增强相关，主要是tropical ocean和atmosphere的共同作用。最后还讲了greenhouse gas也可能是造成heat的原因，但是要测五百万年前的二氧化破浓度的挑战性就超级难，所以证据不足不确定。有个题问了第三段和第四段的作用还是关系。

相似TPO练习推荐：

TPO-23 Urban Climates

TPO-10 Variations in the Climate

相关背景知识：

El Ni漀is the warm phase of the El Ni漀Southern Oscillation (commonly called ENSO) and is associated with a band of warm ocean water that develops in the central and east-central equatorial Pacific (between approximately the International Date Line and 120°W), including off the Pacific coast of South America. El Ni漀Southern Oscillation refers to the cycle of warm and cold temperatures, as measured by sea surface temperature, SST, of the tropical central and eastern Pacific Ocean. El Ni漀is accompanied by high air pressure in the western Pacific and low air pressure in the east ern Pacific. The cool phase of ENSO is called “La Ni愀” with SST in the eastern Pacific below average and air pressures high in the eastern and low in western Pacific.

The ENSO cycle, both El Ni漀and La Ni愀, causes global changes of both temperatures and rainfall. Mechanisms that cause the oscillation remain under study.

La Ni愀is a coupled ocean-atmosphere phenomenon that is the counterpart of El Ni 漀as part of the broader El Ni漀–Southern Oscillation climate pattern. The name La Ni愀originates from Sp anish, meaning “the girl”, analogous to El Ni漀meaning “the boy”. It has also in the past been called anti-El Ni漀, and El Viejo (meaning “the old man”). During a period of La Ni愀, the sea surface temperature across the equatorial Eastern Central Pacific Ocean will be lower than normal by 3–5 °C. In the United States, an appearance of La Ni愀happens for at least five months of La Ni愀conditions. It has extensive effects on the weather in North America, even affecting the Atlantic Hurricane Season. A La Ni愀often, though not always, follows an El Ni漀.

3月13日托福阅读真题第二篇

题材划分：经济发展史

主要内容：16or17世纪的英国经济发展问题，讲英国农业如何在欧洲其他各国的农业发展之前独自发展至小康水平。当时英格兰的农业比欧洲其他国家发展的都早都好，原因是受到瘟疫和宗教的影响较小。着眼于土地及其产出方面，在欧洲之前就发生了农业革命。英格兰农场主发现农业获利很大后，就采取了高产的农产品，新技术，把原来tenure的农民都化成了签约式的，而且签约前要交钱否则就用别人(此处有题，大概是说四个选项里哪个没有在文中提到)。还说到由于农场主采用了嫡长子继承制，所以没有土地仍然很集中，同样时间土地产运好