隧道工程英语专业词汇
土木工程专业英语词汇(整理版)
第一部分必须掌握，第二部分尽量掌握第一部分：1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法2 专业英语Specialty English3 水利工程Hydraulic Engineering4 土木工程Civil Engineering5 地下工程Underground Engineering6 岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering7 道路工程Road (Highway) Engineering8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering9 隧道工程Tunnel Engineering10 工程力学Engineering Mechanics11 交通工程Traffic Engineering12 港口工程Port Engineering13 安全性safety17木结构timber structure18 砌体结构masonry structure19 混凝土结构concrete structure20 钢结构steelstructure21 钢-混凝土复合结构steel and concrete composite structure22 素混凝土plain concrete23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete24 钢筋rebar25 预应力混凝土pre-stressed concrete26 静定结构statically determinate structure27 超静定结构statically indeterminate structure28 桁架结构truss structure29 空间网架结构spatial grid structure30 近海工程offshore engineering31 静力学statics32运动学kinematics33 动力学dynamics34 简支梁simply supported beam35 固定支座fixed bearing36弹性力学elasticity37 塑性力学plasticity38 弹塑性力学elaso-plasticity39 断裂力学fracture Mechanics40 土力学soil mechanics41 水力学hydraulics42 流体力学fluid mechanics43 固体力学solid mechanics44 集中力concentrated force45 压力pressure46 静水压力hydrostatic pressure47 均布压力uniform pressure48 体力body force49 重力gravity50 线荷载line load51 弯矩bending moment52 torque 扭矩53 应力stress54 应变stain55 正应力normal stress56 剪应力shearing stress57 主应力principal stress58 变形deformation59 内力internal force60 偏移量挠度deflection61 settlement 沉降62 屈曲失稳buckle63 轴力axial force64 允许应力allowable stress65 疲劳分析fatigue analysis66 梁beam67 壳shell68 板plate69 桥bridge70 桩pile71 主动土压力active earth pressure72 被动土压力passive earth pressure73 承载力load-bearing capacity74 水位water Height75 位移displacement76 结构力学structural mechanics77 材料力学material mechanics78 经纬仪altometer79 水准仪level80 学科discipline81 子学科sub-discipline82 期刊journal ,periodical83文献literature84 ISSN International Standard Serial Number 国际标准刊号85 ISBN International Standard Book Number 国际标准书号86 卷volume87 期number 88 专着monograph89 会议论文集Proceeding90 学位论文thesis, dissertation91 专利patent92 档案档案室archive93 国际学术会议conference94 导师advisor95 学位论文答辩defense of thesis96 博士研究生doctorate student97 研究生postgraduate98 EI Engineering Index 工程索引99 SCI Science Citation Index 科学引文索引100ISTP Index to Science and Technology Proceedings 科学技术会议论文集索引101 题目title102 摘要abstract103 全文full-text104 参考文献reference105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation106 主题词Subject107 关键字keyword108 ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers 美国土木工程师协会109 FHWA Federal Highway Administration 联邦公路总署110 ISO International Standard Organization111 解析方法analytical method112 数值方法numerical method113 计算computation114 说明书instruction115 规范Specification, Code第二部分：岩土工程专业词汇1.geotechnical?engineering岩土工程?2.foundation?engineering基础工程3.soil,?earth土4.soil?mechanics土力学cyclic?loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelasticfoundation粘弹性地基?viscous?damping粘滞阻尼shearmodulus剪切模量?5.soil?dynamics土动力学6.stress?path应力路径?7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类 1.residual soil残积土 groundwater level地下水位 2.groundwater 地下水 groundwater table地下水位 3.clay minerals粘土矿物 4.secondary minerals次生矿物 ndslides滑坡 6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图 7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察 8.boulder 漂石 9.cobble卵石 10.gravel砂石 11.gravelly sand砾砂 12.coarse sand粗砂 13.medium sand中砂 14.fine sand细砂 15.silty sand粉土 16.clayey soil粘性土 17.clay粘土 18.silty clay粉质粘土 19.silt粉土 20.sandy silt砂质粉土 21.clayey silt粘质粉土 22.saturated soil饱和土 23.unsaturated soil非饱和土 24.fill (soil)填土 25.overconsolidated soil超固结土 26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土 27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土 28.zonal soil区域性土 29.soft clay软粘土 30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土 31.peat泥炭 32.loess黄土 33.frozen soil冻土 24.degree of saturation饱和度 25.dry unit weight干重度26.moist unit weight湿重度45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geote chnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law 达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowing soil流土4.sand boiling砂沸5.flow net流网6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepage pressure渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.seepage force渗透力11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度 12.coefficient of permeability渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1.soft soil软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress有效应力4.total stress总应力5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度6.low activity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxial test三轴试验9.foundation design基础设计 10.recompaction再压缩11.bearing capacity承载力 12.soil mass土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load集中荷载 15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体 16.homogeneous均质 17.isotropic各向同性 18.strip footing条基 19.square spread footing方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载 22.live load活载 23.short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load长期荷载 25.reduced load折算荷载 26.settlement沉降 27.deformation变形 28.casing套管 29.dike=dyke堤（防） 30.clay fraction粘粒粒组 31.physical properties物理性质 32.subgrade路基 33.well-graded soil级配良好土 34.poorly-graded soil级配不良土 35.normal stresses正应力 36.shear stresses剪应力 37.principal plane主平面38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大（中、最小）主应力 39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件 40.FEM=finite element method有限元法41.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法42.pore water pressure孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数pression index压缩指数 47.swelling index回弹指数 48.geostatic stress自重应力 49.additional stress附加应力 50.total stress总应力 51.final settlement最终沉降 52.slip line滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降水 1 excavation开挖（挖方） 2 dewatering （基坑）降水 3 failure of foundation基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布8 dewatering method降低地下水位法9 well point system井点系统（轻型） 10 deep well point深井点 11 vacuum well point 真空井点 12 braced cuts支撑围护 13 braced excavation支撑开挖 14 braced sheeting支撑挡板七. 深基础--deep foundation 1.pile foundation桩基础1)cast –in-place灌注桩 diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩 bored pile钻孔桩 special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩 piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩 rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础 drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩 under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4)steel pile钢桩 steel pipe pile钢管桩 steel sheet pile钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩 prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩 2.caisson foundation沉井（箱） 3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙 4.friction pile摩擦桩 5.end-bearing pile端承桩 6.shaft竖井；桩身 7.wave equation analysis波动方程分析 8.pile caps承台（桩帽） 9.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力 teral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验 11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力 12.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验 13.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力 14.low pile cap低桩承台 15.high-rise pile cap高桩承台 16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力 17.silent piling静力压桩 18.uplift pile抗拔桩 19.anti-slide pile抗滑桩20.pile groups群桩 21.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η）22.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应 23.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术24.final set最后贯入度 25.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验 27.pile head=butt桩头 28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头） 29.pile spacing桩距30.pile plan桩位布置图 31.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置32.group action群桩作用 33.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻 34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻35.pile cushion桩垫 36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩 37.pile pulling test拔桩试验 38.pile shoe桩靴 39.pile noise 打桩噪音 40.pile rig打桩机九. 固结consolidation1.Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2.Barraon’s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论3.Biot’s consolidation theory比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil超固结土6.excess pore water pressure超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation一维固结9.primary consolidation主固结10.secondary consolidation次固结11.degree of consolidation固结度 12.consolidation test固结试验 13.consolidation curve固结曲线 14.time factor Tv时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结十. 抗剪强度shear strength 1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength残余强度3.long-term strength长期强度4.peak strength峰值强度5.shear strain rate剪切应变速率6.dilatation剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法 8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法 9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论 10.angle of internal friction内摩擦角 11.cohesion粘聚力 12.failure criterion破坏准则 13.vane strength十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter有效应力强度参数十一. 本构模型--constitutive model1.elastic model弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model边界面模型6.Duncan-Chang model邓肯－张模型7.rigid plastic model刚塑性模型8.cap model盖帽模型9.work softening加工软化 10.work hardening加工硬化 11.Cambridge model剑桥模型 12.ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型 13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则14.yield surface屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型 16.elastic modulus弹性模量 17.Winkler foundation model文克尔地基模型十二. 地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil1.punching shear failure冲剪破坏2.general shear failure整体剪切破化3.local shear failure局部剪切破坏4.state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力 8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力十三. 土压力--earth pressure1.active earth pressure主动土压力2.passive earth pressure被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest静止土压力4.Coulomb’s earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论5.Rankine’s earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论十四. 土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis1.angle of repose休止角2.Bishop method毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method条分法十五. 挡土墙--retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall基础墙3.counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙十六. 板桩结构物--sheet pile structure 1.steel sheet pile钢板桩 2.reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩 3.steel piles 钢桩 4.wooden sheet pile木板桩 5.timber piles木桩十七. 浅基础--shallow foundation 1.box foundation箱型基础 2.mat(raft) foundation片筏基础 3.strip foundation条形基础 4.spread footing扩展基础 pensated foundation补偿性基础 6.bearing stratum持力层 7.rigid foundation刚性基础 8.flexible foundation柔性基础9.embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度 foundation pressure基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析十八. 土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils动强度2.wave velocity method波速法3.material damping材料阻尼4.geometric damping几何阻尼5.damping ratio阻尼比6.initial liquefaction初始液化7.natural period of soil site地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切模量 9.dynamic ma二十. 地基基础抗震 1.earthquake engineering地震工程 2.soil dynamics土动力学 3.duration of earthquake地震持续时间 4.earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱 5.earthquake intensity地震烈度 6.earthquake magnitude震级 7.seismic predominant period地震卓越周期 8.maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度二十一. 室内土工实验 1.high pressure consolidation test高压固结试验 2.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结试验 3.falling head permeability变水头试验4.constant head permeability常水头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test不固结不排水试验(UU)6.consolidated undrained triaxial test固结不排水试验(CU)7.consolidated drained triaxial test固结排水试验(CD)paction test击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test固结快剪试验10.quick direct shear test快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test慢剪试验12.sieve analysis筛分析 13.geotechnical model test土工模型试验 14.centrifugalmodel test离心模型试验15.direct shear apparatus直剪仪 16.direct shear test直剪试验 17.direct simple shear test直接单剪试验18.dynamic triaxial test三轴试验 19.dynamic simple shear动单剪 20.free（resonance）vibration column test自(共)振柱试验二十二. 原位测试1.standard penetration test (SPT)标准贯入试验 2.surface wave test (SWT)表面波试验 3.dynamic penetration test(DPT)动力触探试验 4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验 5.plate loading test静力荷载试验 teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验 7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验 8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验 9.screw plate test螺旋板载荷试验 10.pressuremeter test旁压试验 11.light sounding轻便触探试验 12.deep settlement measurement深层沉降观测 13.vane shear test十字板剪切试验 14.field permeability test 现场渗透试验 15.in-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测 16.in-situ soil test原位试验。
(完整版)工程英语词汇
(完整版)工程英语词汇一、基础工程词汇1. 工程：Engineering2. 项目：Project3. 设计：Design4. 施工：Construction5. 监理：Supervision6. 材料：Material7. 结构：Structure8. 质量：Quality9. 安全：Safety10. 进度：Schedule二、土木工程词汇1. 土壤：Soil2. 基础：Foundation3. 桥梁：Bridge4. 隧道：Tunnel5. 路面：Pavement6. 水利：Hydraulic Engineering7. 港口：Harbor8. 道路：Road9. 铁路：Railway10. 地铁：Subway三、建筑工程词汇1. 建筑物：Building2. 楼层：Floor3. 墙体：Wall4. 屋顶：Roof5. 窗户：Window6. 门：Door7. 楼梯：Stairs8. 幕墙： Curtain Wall9. 装修：Decoration10. 室内设计：Interior Design四、电气工程词汇1. 电路：Circuit2. 电线：Wire3. 开关：Switch4. 插座：Outlet5. 发电机：Generator6. 变压器：Transformer7. 电动机：Motor8. 电池：Battery9. 照明：Illumination10. 控制系统：Control System五、机械工程词汇1. 机械：Machine2. 零件：Part3. 轴承：Bearing4. 齿轮：Gear5. 润滑：Lubrication6. 紧固件：Fastener7. 焊接：Welding8. 冲压：Stamping9. 加工：Machining10. 装配：Assembly六、环境工程词汇1. 环境：Environment2. 污染：Pollution3. 废水：Wastewater4. 废气：Waste Gas5. 噪音：Noise6. 固体废物：Solid Waste7. 污染治理：Pollution Control8. 节能：Energy Saving9. 环保：Environmental Protection10. 可持续发展：Sustainable Development七、信息技术工程词汇1. 信息技术：Information Technology (IT)2. 网络：Network3. 服务器：Server4. 数据库：Database5. 编程：Programming6. 软件开发：Software Development7. 硬件：Hardware8. 云计算：Cloud Computing9. 大数据：Big Data八、化学工程词汇1. 化学反应：Chemical Reaction2. 流体力学：Fluid Mechanics3. 热力学：Thermodynamics4. 分离过程：Separation Process5. 反应器：Reactor6. 材料 science：Material Science7. 质量传递：Mass Transfer8. 能量传递：Energy Transfer9. 过程控制：Process Control10. 安全工程：Safety Engineering九、航空航天工程词汇1. 航空：Aeronautics2. 航天：Astronautics3. 飞行器：Aircraft4. 发射：Launch5. 航天器：Spacecraft6. 导航：Navigation7. 飞行控制系统：Flight Control System8. 火箭：Rocket9. 卫星：Satellite10. 航天站：Space Station十、生物医学工程词汇1. 生物医学：Biomedical2. 生物材料：Biomaterial3. 医疗设备：Medical Device4. 生物力学：Biomechanics5. 细胞工程：Cell Engineering6. 基因工程：Genetic Engineering7. 仿生学：Bionics8. 生物传感器：Biosensor9. 医学影像：Medical Imaging10. 组织工程：Tissue Engineering十一、项目管理词汇1. 项目管理：Project Management2. 项目经理：Project Manager3. 项目规划：Project Planning4. 项目预算：Project Budget5. 项目进度：Project Schedule6. 风险管理：Risk Management7. 质量管理：Quality Management8. 成本控制：Cost Control9. 团队协作：Team Collaboration10. 项目交付：Project Delivery十二、建筑信息模型(BIM)词汇1. 建筑信息模型：Building Information Modeling (BIM)2. 三维模型：3D Model3. 四维建模：4D Modeling（时间维度）4. 五维建模：5D Modeling（成本维度）5. BIM软件：BIM Software6. 模型协调：Model Coordination7. 数字化施工：Digital Construction8. BIM协作：BIM Collaboration9. 可视化：Visualization10. 仿真分析：Simulation Analysis十三、绿色建筑与可持续性词汇1. 绿色建筑：Green Building2. 可持续性：Sustainability3. 节能：Energy Efficiency4. 碳排放：Carbon Emission5. 绿色认证：Green Certification6. 生态设计：Esign7. 资源循环：Resource Recycling8. 生物多样性：Biodiversity9. 低影响开发：Low Impact Development (LID)10. 环境生命周期评估：Environmental Life Cycle Assessment十四、电子工程与自动化词汇1. 电子工程：Electronics Engineering2. 电路板：Circuit Board3. 集成电路：Integrated Circuit (IC)4. 传感器：Sensor5. 自动化：Automation6. 控制系统：Control System7. 技术：Robotics8. 伺服电机：Servo Motor9. 可编程逻辑控制器：Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)10. 工业互联网：Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)十五、地质工程与矿业词汇1. 地质工程：Geological Engineering2. 地层：Stratum3. 岩土工程：Geotechnical Engineering4. 钻探：Drilling5. 矿业：Mining6. 采掘：Excavation7. 岩石力学：Rock Mechanics8. 地下水：Groundwater9. 防滑坡：Landslide Prevention10. 矿物加工：Mineral Processing。
隧道专业英语词汇
铁路词汇铁路；铁道railway railroad铁路线railway line；railroad line铁路网railway network；railroad network铁道科学railway science铁路技术railway technology铁路等级railway classification国有铁路national railway；state railway地方铁路local railway；regional railway私有铁路private railway合资铁路joint investment railway；jointly owned railway标准轨铁路standard-gage railway窄轨铁路narrow-gage railway米轨铁路meter-gage railway宽轨铁路broad-gage railway单线铁路single track railway双线铁路double track railway多线铁路multiple track railway重载铁路heavy haul railway高速铁路high speed railway电气化铁路；电力铁路electrified railway；electric railway干线铁路main line railway；trunk railway市郊铁路suburban railway地下铁道；地铁subway；metro；underground railway工业企业铁路industry railway矿山铁路mine railway轻轨铁路light railway；light rail高架铁路elevated railway单轨铁路；独轨铁路monorail；monorail railway磁浮铁路magnetic levitation railway；maglev森林铁路forest railway山区铁路mountain railway既有铁路existing railway新建铁路newly-built railway改建铁路reconstructed railway运营铁路railway in operation；operation；operating railway专用铁路special purpose railway干线trunk line；main line支线branch line铁路专用线railway special line货运专线railway line for freight traffic；freight special line；freight traffic only line客运专线railway line for passenger traffic；passenger special line；passenger traffic only line 客货运混合铁路railway line for mixed passenger and freight traffic铁路运营长度；运营里程operation length of railway；operating distance；revenue length 列车运行图train diagram铁路建筑长度construction length of railway区间section区段district轨距rail gage；rail gauge轮重wheel load轴重axle load最大轴重maximum allowable axle load限制轴重axle load limited限界clearance；gauge限界图clearance diagram铁路建筑限界railway construction clearance；structure clearance for railway；railway struction gauge基本建筑限界fundamental construction clearance；fundamental structure gauge桥梁建筑限界bridge construction clearance；bridge structure gauge隧道建筑界限tunnel construction clearance；tunnel structure gauge铁路机车车辆限界rolling stock clearance for railway；vehicle gauge机车车辆上部限界clearance limit for upper part of rolling stock机车车辆下部限界clearance limit for lower part of rolling stock装载限界loading clearance limit；loading gauge阔大货物限界clearance limit for freight with exceptional dimension；clearance limit for oversize commodities接触网限界clearance limt for overhead contract wire；clearance limit for overhead catenary system；overhead catenary system gauge列车与线路相互作用track-train interaction轮轨关系wheel-rail relation；wheel-rail interaction粘着系数adhesion coefficient车轮滑行wheel sliding；wheel skid车轮空转wheel slipping牵引种类kinds of traction；category of traction牵引方式mode of traction牵引定数tonnage rating；tonnage of traction装载系数loading coefficient速度speed持续速度continuous speed限制速度limited speed；speed restriction均衡速度balancing speed构造速度construction speed；design speed最高速度maximum speed临界速度critical speed重载列车heavy haul train高速列车high speed train超长超重列车exceptionally long and heavy train列车正面冲突train collision列车尾追train tail collision列车尾部防护train rear end protection伸缩运动fore and aft motion蛇行运动hunting；nosing列车压缩train running in列车拉伸train running out列车分离train separation列车颠覆train overturning列车动力学train dynamics列车空气动力学train acrodynamics机车车辆振动vibration of rolling stock纵向振动longitudinal vibration横向振动lateral vibration垂向振动vertical vibration摆滚振动rock-roll vibration浮沉振动bouncing；vibration测滚振动rolling ；vibration测摆振动swaying；vibration点头振动pitching；nodding摇头振动yawing；hunting机车车辆共振resonance of rolling stock机车车辆冲击impact of rolling纵向冲击longitudinal impact横向冲击lateral impact垂向冲击vertical impact货运站综合作业自动化automation of synthetic operations at freight station行车指挥自动化automation of traffic control编组场综合作业自动化automation of synthetic operations in marshalling yard铁路运营信息系统railway operation information system铁路数据交换系统railway data exchange system运营系统模拟simulation of operation system铁路法railway law铁道法规railway act铁路条例railway code铁路技术管理规程regulations of railway technical operation综合运输comprehensive transport；multi-mode transport；intermode transport 国际铁路联运international railway through traffic大陆桥；洲际铁路transcontinental railway；intercontinental railway；land-railway 国际联运协定agreement of international through traffic国际联运议定书protocol of international through traffic国际铁路联运公约convention of international railway through traffic铁路新线建设newly-built railway construction铁路技术改造technical reform of railway；technical renovation of railway；betterment and improvement of railway铁路主要技术条件main technical standard of railway；main techincal requirement of railway 单位工程unit project分部工程part project分项工程item project预可行性研究pre-feasibility study项目建议书proposed task of project可行性研究feasibility study设计阶段design phase；design stage三阶段设计three-step design；three-phase design两阶段设计two-step design；two-phase design一阶段设计one-step design；one-phase design初步设计preliminary design技术设计technical design扩大初步设计enlarged preliminary design；expanded preliminary design施工图设计construction detail design；working-drawing design变更设计altered design设计概算apporximate estimate of design；budgetary estimate of design个别概算individual approximate estimate综合概算comprehensive approximate estimate总概算sum of approximate estimate；total estimate；summary estimate修正总概算amended sum of approximate estimate；revised general estimate调整总概算adjusted sum of approximate estimate投资检算checking of investment预算定额rating of budget；rating form for budget概算定额rating of approximate estimate；rating form for estimate投资估算investment estimate估算指标index of estimate机械台班定额rating per machine per team；rating per machine-team工程直接费direct expense of project；direct cost of project工程间接费indirect expense of project；indirect cost of project工程预备费reserve fund of project设计鉴定certification of design；appraisal of design竣工决算final accounts of completed project铁路用地right-of-way铁路勘测railway reconnaissance调查测绘survey and drawing of investigation；investigation survey；investigation surveying and sketching地形调查topographic survey地貌调查topographic feature survey；geomorphologic survey地质调查geologic survey经济调查economic investigation；economic survey水文地质调查hydrogeologic survey土石成分调查survey of soil and rock composition土石物理力学性质physical and mechanical properties of soil and rock土石分类classificaion of soil and rock地基承载力bearing capacity of foundation；bearing capacity of ground；bearing of subgrade 隧道围岩分级classification of tunnel surrounding rock地质图测绘survey and drawing of geological map；surveying and sketching of geological map 勘探exploration；prospecting挖探excavation prospecting钻探boring；exploration drilling物探geophysical prospecting室内测试indoor test；laboratory test原位测试in situ test静力触探static sounding；static probing；cone penetration test动力触探试验dynamic penetration test标准贯入试验standard penetration test区域地质regional geology工程地质engineering geology不良地质unfavorable geology特殊地质special geology工程地质条件engineering geologic；requirement；engineering geologic condition气象资料meteorological data冻结深度freezing depth地震基本烈度basic intensity of earthquake；seismic basic intensity工程地质图engineering geological map地层柱状图column diagram of stratum；graphic logs of strata；drill log of stratum洪水调查flood survey河道调查river course survey冰凌调查ice floe survey；frazil ice survey汇水区流域特征调查survey of catchment basin characteristics水文断面hydrologic sectional drawing；dydrologic section；hydrologic cross-section主河槽main river channel设计流速design current velocity设计高程；设计标高design elevation河流比降slope of river；comparable horizon of river历史洪水位historic flood level最高水位highest water level；HWL通航水位navigation water level；NWL桥涵水文hydrology of bridge and culvert水利半径hydraulic radius桥前壅水高度backwater height in front of bridge；top water level in front of bridge桥渡勘测设计survey and design of bridge crossing水面坡度slope of water surface水文测量hydrological survey泥石流流域catchment basin of debris flow分水岭watershed；dividing ridge汇水面积catchment area；water collecting area；drainage area洪水频率flood frequency设计流量design discharge设计水位design water level施工水位construction level；construction water level；working water level 设计洪水过程线designed flood hydrograph容许冲刷allowable scour一般冲刷general scour局部冲刷local scour；partial scour铁路测量railway survey线路踏勘；草测route reconnaissance初测preliminary survey定测location survey；alignment；final location survey导线测量traversing；traverse survey光电导线photoelectric traverse地形测量topographical survey横断面测量cross leveling；cross-section survey；cross-section leveling线路测量route survey；profile survey；longitudinal survey既有线测量；旧线测量survey of existing railway线路复测repetition survey of existing railway；resurvey of existing railway 测量精度survey precision；precision of survey均方差；中误差mean square error最大误差；极限误差maximum error；limiting error中线测量center line survey中线桩center line stake加桩additional stake；plus stake外移桩shift out stake；stake outward；offset stake水准点高程测量benchmark leveling中桩高程测量；中平center stake leveling曲线控制点curve control point放线setting-out of route；lay out of route交点intersection point副交点auxiliary intersection point转向角deflection angle分转向角auxiliary deflection angle坐标方位角plane-coordinate azimuth象限角quadrantal angle经纬距plane rectangular coordinate断链broken chain投影断链projection of broken chain断高broken height铁路航空摄影测量；铁路航测railway aerial photogrammetry铁路航空勘测railway aerial surveying航带设计flight strip design；design of flight strip铁路工程地质遥感remote sensing of railway engineering geology测段segment of survey航测选线aerial surveying alignment航测外控点field control point of aerophotogrammetry全球定位系统global positioning system；GPS像片索引图index of photography三角测量trigonometric survey；triangulation精密导线测量precise traverse survey；accurate traverse survey三角高程测量trigonometric leveling隧道洞外控制测量ouside tunnel control survey隧道洞内控制测量in tunnel control survey；through survey隧道洞口投点horizontal point of tunnel portal；geodetic control point of portal location of adit桥轴线测量survey of bridge axis铁路选线railway location；approximate railway location；location of railway route selection 平原地区选线location in plain region；plain location越岭选线location of mountain line；location of line in mountain region；location over mountain山区河谷选线mountain and valley region location；location of line of in mountain and valley region丘陵地段选线hilly land location；location of line on hilly land工程地质选线engineering geoligic location of line线间距distance between centers of tracks；midway between tracks车站分布distribution of stations方案比选scheme comparison；route alternative投资回收期repayment period of capital cost纸上定线paper location of line缓坡地段section of easy grade；section of gentle slope紧坡地段section of sufficient grade非紧坡地段section of unsufficient grade；section fo insufficient grade导向线leading line；alignment guiding line拔起高度；克服高度height of lifting；lifting height；ascent of elevation横断面选线cross-section method of railway location；location with cross-section method；cross-section method for location of line展线extension of line；development of line；line development展线系数coefficient of extension line；coefficient of development line套线overlapping line线路平面图track plan；line plan线路纵断面图track profile；line profile站坪长度length of station site站坪坡度grade of station site控制区间control section；controlling section最小曲线半径minimum radius of curve圆曲线circular curve单曲线simple curve缓和曲线transition curve；easement curve；spiral transition curve缓和曲线半截变更率rate of easement curvature；rate of transition curve复曲线compound curve同向曲线curves of same sense；adjacent curves in one direction反向曲线reverse curve；curve of opposite sense夹直线intermediate straight line；tangent between curves坡度grade；gradient；slope人字坡double spur grade限制坡度ruling grade；limiting grade加力牵引坡度pusher grade；assisting grade最大坡度maximum grade临界坡度critical grade长大坡度long steep grade；long heavy grade动力坡度momentum grade均衡坡度balanced grade有害地段harmful district无害地段harmless district变坡点point of gradient change；breake in grade坡段grade section坡段长度length of grade section坡度差algebraic difference between adjacent gradients竖曲线vertical curve分坡平段level stretch between opposite sign gradient缓和坡度slight grade；flat grade；easy grade起动缓坡flat gradient for starting加速缓坡easy gradient for acceleration；accelerating grade坡度折减compensation of gradient；gradient compensation；grade compensation 曲线折减compensation of curve；curve compesation隧道坡度折减compensation of gradient in tunnel；compensation grade in tunnel绕行地段detouring section；round section换侧；换边change side of double line容许应力设计法allowable stress design method破损阶段设计法plastic stage design method极限状态设计法limit state design method概率极限状态设计法；可靠度设计法probabilisatic limit state design method地震系数法seismic coefficient method路基subgrade；road bed；formation subgrade岩石路基rock subgrade渗水土路基permeable soil subgrade；pervious embankment非渗水土路基non-permeable soil subgrade；impervious embankment特殊土路基subgrade of special soil软土地区路基subgrade in soft soil zone；subgrade in soft；clay region泥沼地区路基subgrade in bog zone；subgrade in morass region；subgrade in swampland 膨胀土地区路基；裂土地区路基subgrade in swelling soil zone；subgrade in expansive soil region盐渍土地区路基subgrade in salty soil zone；subgrade in saline soil region多年冻土路基subgrade in permafrost soil zone特殊条件下的路基subgrade under special condition河滩路堤embankment on plain river beach滨河路堤embankment on river bank水库路基subgrade in reservoir；embankment crossing reservoir崩塌地段路基subgrade in rock fall district；subgrade in collapse zone岩堆地段路基subgrade in rock deposit zone；subgrade in talus zone；subgrade in scree zone 滑坡地段路基subgrade in slide岩溶地段路基；喀斯特地段路基subgrade in karst zone洞穴地段路基subgrade in cavity zone；subgrade in cavern zone风沙地段路基subgrade in windy and sandy zone；subgrade in desert雪害地段路基subgrade in snow damage zone；subgrade in snow disaster zone泥石流地段路基subgrade in debris flow zone路基横断面subgrade cross-section路基面subgrade surface；formation路基面宽度width of the subgrade surface；formation width路拱road crown；subgrade crown路肩Road shoulder；subgrade shoulder路肩高程formation level；shoulder level路堤embankment；fill路堑cut；road；cutting半堤半堑part-cut and part-fill section；cut and fill section基床subgrade bed；formation基床表层surface layer of subgrade bed；formation top layer；surface layer of subgrade基床表层bottom layer of subgrade；formation base layer；bottom layer of subgrade bed 一般路基general subgrade；ordinary subgrade最小填筑高度minimum fill height of subgrade；minimum height of fill临界高度critical height基底foundation base；base路堤边坡side slope of embankment；fill slope talus坡脚toe of side slope护道berm取土坑borrow pit路堤填料embankment fill material；embankment filler；filling material of embankment填料分类classification of filling material岩块填料rock block filler；rock filler；rock fill粗粒土填料coarse-grained soil filler；coarse-grained soil fill细粒土填料fine-grained soil filler；fine-grained soil fill压实标准compacting criteria相对密度relative density压实系数compacting factor；compacting coefficient最佳含水量optimum moisture content；best moisture content最佳密度optimum density；best density核子密度湿度测定determination of nuclear density-moisture路基承载板测定determination of bearing slab of subgrade预留沉落量reserve settlement；settlement allowance反压护道berm with superloading；berm for back pressure；counter swelling berm石灰砂桩lime sand pile换土change soil；soil replacement爆破排淤blasting discharging sedimentation；silt arresting by explosion；discharge of sedimentation by blasting抛石挤淤throwing stones to packing sedimentation；packing sedimentation by throwing stones；packing up sedimentation by dumping stones路堑石方爆破rock cutting blasting；rock blasting in cut定向爆破directional blasting浅孔爆破shallow hole blasting深孔爆破deep hole blasting洞室药包爆破chamber explosive package blasting；chamher blasting扬弃爆破abandoned blasting；abandonment blasting抛掷爆破pin-point blasting松动爆破blasting for loosening rock药壶爆破pot hole blasting裸露腰包爆破adobe blasting；contact blasting路堑边坡cutting slope；side slope of cut堑顶top of cutting slope；top of cutting路堑平台platform of cutting；berm in cutting弃土堆waste bank；bankette；spoil bank挡土墙retaining wall重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall衡重式挡土墙balance weight retaining wall；gravity retaining wall with relieving platform；balanced type retaining wall锚定板挡土墙anchored retaining wall by tie rods；anchored bulkhead retaining wall；anchored plate retaining wall加筋土挡土墙reinforced earth retaining wall；reinforced soil retaining wall锚杆挡墙anchored bolt retaining wall；anchoraged retaining wall by tie rods管柱挡墙cylindrical shaft retaining wall沉井挡墙caisson retaining wall抗滑桩anti-slide pile；counter-sliding pile护墙guard wall护坡slope protection；revertment；pitching排水沟weep drain；drainage ditch；drain ditch边沟；侧沟side ditch天沟gutter；overhead ditch；intercepting ditch吊沟suspended ditch跌水hydraulic drop截水沟intercepting ditch；catch-drain急流槽chute排水槽drainage channel渗水暗沟blind drain渗水隧洞leak tunnel；permeable tunnel；drainage tunnel渗井leaching well；seepage well渗管leaky pipe平孔排水horizontal hole drainage反滤层reverse filtration layer；inverted filter；protective filter 检查井inspection well；manhole砂井；排水砂井sand drain隔断层insulating course；insulating layer透水路堤pervious embankment；permeable embankment渗水路堤immerseable embankment排水砂垫层sand filled drainage layer；drainage sand blanker坡面防护slope protection护岸revetment；shore protection导流堤diversion dike拦石墙stone cut off wall；stone falling wall；buttree落石槽stone falling channel；trough for catching falling rocks柴排firewood raft；mattress；willow fascine固沙造林stabilization for sands by afforestation挡风墙wind-break wall防风栅栏wind break fence砂土液化sand liquefaction中-活载CR-live loading；China railway standard loading桥梁标准活载standard live load for bridge桥梁荷载谱bridge load spectrum换算均布活载equivalent uniform live load设计荷载design load主力principal load恒载dead load土压力earth load静水压力hydrostatic pressure浮力buoyancy列车活载live load of train列车离心力centrifugal force of train列车冲击力；冲击荷载impact force of train冲击系数ceofficient of impact人行道荷载sidewalk loading附加力subsidiary load；secondary load列车制动力braking force of train列车牵引力tractive force of train风荷载wind load列车横向摇摆力lateral swaying force of train流水压力pressure of water flow冰压力ice pressure冻胀力frost heaving force特殊荷载particular load船只或排筏的撞击力collision force of ship or raft地震力seismic force地震烈度earthquake intensity地震震级earthquake magnitude施工荷载constructional loading荷载组合loading conbination铁路桥railway bridge公铁两用桥combined bridge；combined highway and railway bridge；combined rail-cum-road bridge跨线桥；立交桥overpass bridge；grade separation bridge；flyover高架桥viaduct旱桥dry bridge人行桥foot bridge；pedestrian bridge圬工桥masonry bridge钢桥steel bridge铆接钢桥riveted steel bridge栓焊钢桥bolted and welded steel bridge全焊钢桥all welded steel bridge摩擦结合式高强度螺栓high strength friction grip bolt扭剪式高强度螺栓torshear type high strength blot螺栓示功扳手bolt wrench with indicator混凝土桥concrete bridge钢筋混凝土桥reinforced concrete bridge预应力混凝土桥prestressed concrete bridge先张法预应力梁pretensioned prestressed concrete girder后张法预应力梁post-tensioned prestressed concrete girder部分预应力混凝土桥partially prestressed concrete bridge结合梁桥composite beam bridge低高度梁shallow girder无碴无枕梁girder without ballast and sleeper型钢混凝土梁；劲性骨架混凝土梁girder with rolled steel section encased in concrete；skeleton reinforced concrete girder简支梁桥simply supported beam bridge连续梁桥continuous beam bridge悬臂梁桥cantilever beam bridge板桥slab bridge空心板桥hollow slab bridge板梁plate girder工形梁I-beam箱形梁box girder槽形梁trough girder桁架truss拆装式桁架demountable truss刚架桥；刚构桥rigid frame bridge斜腿刚架桥；斜腿刚构桥strutted beam bridge；slant-legged rigid frame bridge悬板桥；悬带桥stressed ribbon bridge悬索桥；吊桥suspension bridge斜拉桥cable-stayed bridge浮桥pontoon bridge；floating bridge；bateau bridge拱桥arch bridge固端拱；无铰拱fixed-end arch双铰拱two-hinged arch三铰拱three-hinged arch实腹拱spandrel-filled arch；solid-spandrel arch空腹拱open-spandrel arch双曲拱two-way curved arch；cross-curved arch系杆拱；柔性系杆刚性拱tied arch榔格尔式桥；刚性系杆柔性拱桥Langer bridge；flexible arch bridge with rigid tie洛泽式桥；直悬杆式刚性拱刚性梁桥Lohse bridge；rigid arch bridge with rigid tie and vertical sespenders尼尔森桥Nielsen systen bridge尼尔森式骆泽梁桥；斜悬杆式刚性拱梁桥Nielsen type Lhse bridge；rigid arch bridge with fighd tie and inclined suspenders活动桥movable bridge竖旋桥bascule bridge平旋桥swing bridge升降桥lift bridge正交桥right bridge斜交桥skew bridge曲线桥curved bridge曲梁curved beam特大桥super maior bridge大桥major bridge中桥medium bridge小桥minor bridge单线桥single track bridge双线桥double track bridge多线桥multi-track bridge正桥；主桥main bridge引桥approach spans上承式桥deck bridge半穿式桥；中承式half through bridge；midheight deck bridge 下承式桥through bridge双层桥double-deck bridge永久性桥permanent bridge临时性桥；便桥temporary bridge跨径；跨度span净跨clear spam桥梁全长overall length of bridge桥下净空underneath clearance主梁中心距center to center distance between main girder节间长度panel length梁高depth of girder拱度camber挠度deflection节间panel锚跨；锚孔anchor span悬跨；吊孔suspended span桥梁上部结构superstructure腹板web plate翼缘flange翼缘板flange plate弦杆chord member腹杆web member斜杆diagonal member竖杆vertical member吊杆suspender hanger加劲杆stiffener节点panel point节点板gusset plate拼接板splice plate缀条lacing bar缀板stay plate；tie plate侧向水平联结系lateral bracing横联sway bracing制动撑架braking bracing桥门架portal frame纵梁stringer横梁floor beam；transverse beam桥面系floor system端横梁end floor beam起重横梁jacking floor beam梁端缓冲梁auxiliary girder for controlling angle change应变时效strain ageing碳当量carbon equivalent钢丝steel wire钢丝束bundled steel wires钢绞线steel strand钢筋reinforcement；steel bar箍筋stirrup纵向钢筋longitudinal reinforcement弯起钢筋bent-up bar架立钢筋erection bar构造钢筋constructional reinforcement预应力筋tendon套管sheath梁腋haunch拱圈arch ring拱肋arch rib拱顶rach crown拱矢rise of arch起拱点springing拱腹soffit拱腹线intrados拱背钱extrados桥塔bridge tower；pylon索平面cable plane缆索cable斜缆stay cable；inclined cable吊缆suspension cable索鞍cable saddle索夹cable band；cable clamp锚座socket锚碇anchorage明桥面open deck；ballastless deck；open floor 桥梁道碴槽ballast trough道碴桥面ballasted deck；ballasted floor桥梁护轨guard rall of bridge桥梁护木guard timber of bridge桥枕bridge tie；bridge sleeper桥上人行道sidewalk on bridge步行板foot plank避车台refuge platform伸缩缝expansion joint正交异性板orthotropic plate栏杆railing；handrail；handrailing泻水孔drainage opening直结轨道track fastened directly to steel girders抗剪连接件；抗剪结合件shear connector支座bearing固定支座fixed bearing活动支座expension bearing；movable bearing平板支座plate bearing摇轴芝座rocker bearing滚轴支座roller bearing球面支座spherical bearing板式橡胶支座laminated rubber bearing盆式橡胶支座pot rubber bearing聚四氯乙烯支座poly-tetrafluoroedthylene bearing；PTFE bearing涡流激振wortex-excited oscillation弛振galloping颤振flutter扰流板spoiler风嘴wind fairing桥梁自振周期natural vibration period of bridge浮运架桥法bridge erection by floating架桥机架设法erection by bridge girder erecting equipment顶推式架设法erection by incremental launching拖拉架设法launching method赝架式架设法erection with scaffolding悬臂架设法catilever erection；erection by protrusion悬臂灌注法cast-in-place cantilever construction；free cantilever segmental concreting with suspended formwork悬臂拼装法cantilevered assembling constrution；free cantilever erection with segments of precast concrete预制混凝土构件precast concrete units；precast concrete members活动模架逐跨施工法segmental span-by-span construction using form traveller桥梁合龙closure就地贯注法cast-in-place method；cast-in-situ method活动吊篮travelling cradle顶进法jack-in method旋转法施工；转体施工erection by swing method液压式张拉千斤顶hydraulic tensioning jack桥梁下部结构substructure桥台abutment重力式桥台gravity abutment埋置式桥台buried abutment锚定板式桥台anchor slab abutmentU形桥台U-shaped abutment耳墙式桥台abutment with cantilevered retaining wall台身abutment body前墙front wall台帽abutment coping翼墙wing wall锥体护坡quadrant revetment；truncated cone banking台后填方filling behind abutment桥墩pier空心桥墩hollow pier实体桥墩solid pier重力式桥墩gravity pier柔性桥墩flexible pier拼装式桥墩assembly pier；pier constructed with precast units制动墩braking pier柱式桥墩column pierV形桥墩V-shaped pier圆端形桥墩round-ended pier圆形桥墩circular pier矩形桥墩rectangular pier排架式桥墩pile bent pier墩身pier body；pier shaft墩帽pier coping围栏railing around coping of pier or abutment承台bearing platform破冰体ice apron；ice-breaking cutwater；ice guard地基foundation；foundation soil；subgrade加固地基improved foundation；improved ground天然地基natural foundation；natural ground桥梁基础bridge foundation扩大基础spread foundation明挖基础open-cut foundation；open excavation foundation沉井基础open caisson foundation浮式沉井基础floating caisson foundation沉井刃脚cutting edge of open caisson围堰cofferdam双壁钢围堰钻孔基础double wall steel cofferdam bored foundation 预制钢壳钻孔基础prefabricated steel shell bored foundation泥浆套沉井法slurry jacket method for sinking caisson空气幕沉井法air curtain method for sinking caisson沉箱基础pneumatic caisson foundation管柱基础tubular column foundation桩基础pile foundation预制桩precast pile就地灌注桩cast-in-place concrete pile；cast-in-situ concrete pile 螺旋喷射桩auger injected pile摩擦桩friction pile支承桩bearing pile钻孔桩bored pile挖孔桩dug pile钢桩steel pile钢管桩steel pipe pile钢板桩steel sheet pile板桩sheet pile木桩timber pile钢筋混凝土桩reinforced concrete pile砂桩sand pile挤密砂桩sand conpaction pile流砂quick sand；drift sand送桩pile follower试桩test pile斜桩batter pile；raking pile；spur pile护筒pile casting重锤夯实法heavy tamping method灰土换填夯实法mothod of lime-soil replacement and tamping灌注水下混凝土underwater concreting；concreting with tremie method 导流建筑物regulating structure丁坝；挑水坝spur dike顺坝longitudinal dam河床铺砌river bed paving码头wharf排架bent脚手架scaffold悬空脚手架hanging stage；hanging scaffold铁路涵洞railway culvert涵洞孔径aperture of culvert管涵pipe culvert箱涵box culvert拱涵arch culvert盖板涵slab culvert无压力涵洞inlet unsubmerged culvert压力式涵洞outlet submerged culvert半压力式涵洞inlet submerged culvert明渠open channel；open ditch；open drain倒虹吸管inverted siphon潮汐河流tidal river淤积silting；siltation流冰ice drift铁路轮渡railway car ferries轮渡站ferry station轮渡栈桥ferry trestle bridge渡轮ferry boat轮渡引线；轮渡斜引道ferry slip铁路隧道railway tunnel山岭隧道mountain tunnel越岭隧道over mountain line tunnel水下隧道；水地隧道subaqueous tunnel；underwater tunnel地铁隧道subway tunne；underground railway tunnel浅埋隧道shallow tunnel；shallow-depth tunnel；shallow burying tunnel 深埋隧道deep tunnel；deep-depth tunnel；deep burying tunnel单线隧道single track tunnel双线隧道double track tunnel多线隧道multiple track tunnel车站隧道station tunnel地铁车站subway station；metro station特长隧道super long tunnel长隧道long tunnel中长隧道medium tunnel短隧道short tunnel隧道群tunnel group地铁工程subway engineering；metro engineering洞口tunne ladit；tunnel opening隧道进口tunnel entrance隧道出口tunnel exit迎坡；正面坡front slope洞门tunnel portal洞门框tunnel portal frame端墙式洞门end wall tunnel portal柱式洞门post tunnel portal翼墙式洞门wing wall tunnel portal耳墙式洞门ear wall tunnel portal台阶式洞门bench tunnel portal正洞门orthonormal tunnel portal；straight tunnel portal斜洞门skew tunnel portal明洞门open-cut-tunnel portal；gallery portal衬砌lining拱圈arch边墙side wall仰拱invert；inverted arch底板floor整体式衬砌integral lining装配式衬砌precast lining；prefabricated lining模筑衬砌moulded lining洞口段衬砌lining of tunnel portal section偏压衬砌unsymmetrically loading lining；eccentrically compressed lining 组合衬砌；复合衬砌composite lining初期支护primary support。
铁路隧道英语专业术语单词
铁路隧道英语专业术语单词铁路隧道railway tunnel山岭隧道mountain tunnel越岭隧道over mountain line tunnel水下隧道；水地隧道subaqueous tunnel；underwater tunnel地铁隧道subway tunne；underground railway tunnel浅埋隧道shallow tunnel；shallow-depth tunnel；shallow burying tunnel 深埋隧道deep tunnel；deep-depth tunnel；deep burying tunnel单线隧道single track tunnel双线隧道double track tunnel多线隧道multiple track tunnel车站隧道station tunnel地铁车站subway station；metro station特长隧道super long tunnel长隧道long tunnel中长隧道medium tunnel短隧道short tunnel隧道群tunnel group地铁工程subway engineering；metro engineering洞口tunne ladit；tunnel opening隧道进口tunnel entrance隧道出口tunnel exit迎坡；正面坡front slope洞门tunnel portal洞门框tunnel portal frame端墙式洞门end wall tunnel portal柱式洞门post tunnel portal翼墙式洞门wing wall tunnel portal耳墙式洞门ear wall tunnel portal台阶式洞门bench tunnel portal正洞门orthonormal tunnel portal；straight tunnel portal斜洞门skew tunnel portal明洞门open-cut-tunnel portal；gallery portal衬砌lining拱圈arch边墙side wall仰拱invert；inverted arch底板floor整体式衬砌integral lining装配式衬砌precast lining；prefabricated lining模筑衬砌moulded lining洞口段衬砌lining of tunnel portal section偏压衬砌unsymmetrically loading lining；eccentrically compressed lining组合衬砌；复合衬砌composite lining初期支护primary support二次衬砌secondary lining隔离层isolation layer喷锚衬砌shorcrete bolt lining下锚段衬砌；接触网锚段衬砌anchor-section lining挤压混凝土衬砌extruding concrete tunnel lining隔热层thermal insulation layer明洞open-cut tunnel；tunnel without cover；gallery拱形明洞arch open cut tunnel；arch tunnel without cover；arch gallery棚洞shed tunnel；shed gallery路堑式明洞cut-type open cut tunnel；cut-type tunnel without cover；cut-type gallery半路堑式明洞part cut-type open cut tunnel；part cut-type tunnel without cover；part cut-type gallery抗滑明洞anti-skid-type open cut tunnel；anti-skid-type tunnel without cover；anti-skid-type gallery盖板式棚洞slab shed tunnel；slab shed gallery刚架式棚洞framed shed tunnel；framed shed gallery悬臂式棚洞cantilever shed tunnel；cantilever shed gallery隧道专家系统expert system of tunnel围岩surrounding rock围岩压力pressure of surrounding rock地层压力ground pressure；stratum pressure松弛压力relaxation pressure形变压力deformation pressure围岩自承能力self-supporting capacity of surrounding rock坑道自稳时间self-stabilization time of tunnel弹性抗力elastic resistance灌浆压力grouting pressure落石冲击力impact force of falling stone隧道埋置深度；埋深buried depth of tunnel地温梯度geothermal dradient地应力crustal stress预留变形量deformation allowance暗挖法subsurface excavation method明挖法open-cut method矿山法mining method；mine tunneling method钻眼爆破法drilling and blasting method新奥法New Austrian Tunnelling Method；NATM喷锚构筑法shotcrete-bolt construction method掘进机法tunnel boring machine method盾构法shield method沉管法immersed tunnelling method地下连续墙法underground diaphragm wall method；underground wall method；diaphragm wall method全断面开挖法full-face tunnelling method分部开挖法partial excavation method台阶法benching tunnelling method正台阶法positive benching tunnelling method反台阶法negative benching tunnelling method导坑heading上下导坑法top and bottom heading method上导坑法top-heading method漏斗棚架法hopper-shed support tunnelling method蘑菇形开挖法mushroom-type tunnelling method侧壁导坑法side heading method单侧导坑法single side heading method双侧导坑法twin-side heading method品字形导坑法top and twin-side bottom heading method眼睛式开挖法spectacles type tunnelling method超前导坑advance heading扩大enlargement拉槽pull trough；trench excavated马口excavation of side wall at intervals控制爆破controlled blasting光面爆破smooth blasting预裂爆破presplit blasting先墙后拱法side wall first lining method先拱后墙法arch first lining method；flying arch method开挖工作面excavated surface；excavated work face超挖overbreak欠挖underbreak找顶top cleaning出碴mucking and removing有轨运输track transportation无规运输trackless transportation拱圈封顶closing the toop of lining墙顶封口seal；seal at the top of wall喷射混凝土回弹rebound of shotcrete隧道贯通tunnel holing-through隧道贯通误差tunnel through error隧道贯通面tunnel through plane临时支护temporary support构件支撑member support钢拱支撑steel arch support喷射混凝土支护shotcrete support锚杆支护anchor bolt support喷锚支护shotcrete and rock bolt support系统锚杆system anchor bolt超前支护advance support超前锚杆advance anchor bolt插板支护inserting plate support；forepoling小导管预注浆pre-grouting with small duct管棚支护pipe-shed support；pipe roofing support格构拱；钢花拱；格棚拱trellis arch；lattice arch喷射混凝土shotcrete；spray concrete干喷混凝土dry shotcreting湿喷混凝土wet shotcreting潮喷混凝土；半湿喷混凝土half set shotcreting喷射钢纤维混凝土steel fiber shotcrete；steel fiber reinforced shotcrete 防水混凝土waterproof concrete预切槽precutting trough辅助坑道service gallery竖井shaft斜井inlined shaft横洞transverse gallery平行导坑parallel heading横通道transverse passage-way调查坑道investigation gallery；survey tunnel竖井联系测量shaft connection survey隧道防水waterproofing of tunnel防水等级classification of waterproof防水层waterproof layer防水板waterproof board；waterproof sheet防水涂层waterproofing coating隧道压浆pressure grouting of tunnel止水带water stop tie盲沟blind ditch泻水洞drain cavern；drain tunnel隧道运营通风permanent ventilation of tunnel自然通风natural ventilation机械通风mechanical ventilation风道式通风ventilation by air passage隧道通风帘幕ventilation curtain列车活塞作用piston action of train隧道射流式通风tunnel efflux ventilation；tunnel injector type ventilation 隧道通风试验tunnel ventilation test隧道施工通风construction ventilation of tunnel风管式通风ventilation by pipes巷道式通风ventilation by ducts隧道照明tunnel illumination；tunnel lighting隧道防灾设施tunnel anti-disaster equipment避车洞refuge hole；refuge recess；refuge niche隧道火灾tunnel fire hazard隧道报警装置tunnel warning equipment隧道消防系统tunnel fire-fighting system隧道瓦斯爆炸tunnel gas explosion隧道监控量测tunnel monitoring measurement隧道地表沉降tunnel ground subsidence隧道拱顶下沉tunnel arch top settlement隧道底鼓tunnel floor heave隧道周边位移tunnel perimeter deflection隧道地中位移tunnel surrounding mass deflection隧道改建tunnel reconstruction隧道落底under cut of tunnel隧道挑顶top picking of tunnel隧道套拱cover arch of tunnel施工调查construction investigation施工准备construction preparation征地expropriation拆迁removing租地rented land交接桩delivery-receiving stake施工复测construction repetition；repetive survey；construction repetition survey测量放样staking out in survey土石方调配cut-fill transition土石方体积图；土积图volume diagram of earth-rock work隐蔽工程hidden project；hidden construction work废弃工程abandoned project；abandoned construction work工程运输engineering transportation冬季施工cold weather construction；winter season construction雨季施工raining season construction；rainy season construction工程招标calling for tenders of project；calling for tending of project工程投标bidding for project工程报价project quoted price工程发包contracting out of project工程承包contracting of project工程监理supervision of construction；supervision of project总预算total budget单项预算individual budget建筑业总产值total output of building industry指导性施工组织设计design for guiding construction organization；guiding design for construction scheme实施性施工组织设计design for practical construction organization；practical design ofr construction scheme；operative construction organization design临时工程temporary project大型临时工程large-scale temporary project小型临时工程small-scale temporary project过渡工程transition project控制工程dominant project关键工程key project辅助设施auxiliary facilities通车期限time limit for opening to traffic施工总工期total time of construction；total construction time施工组织方案construction scheme开工报告report on starting of construction work；commencement report of construction work；construction starting report竣工报告completion repport of construction work施工计划管理planned manangement of construction网络计划技术network planning technique施工工艺流程construction technology process；construction process工法制度construction method system施工产值construction output value施工利润construction profit施工机械利用率utilization ratio of construction machinery施工机械完好率ratio of construction machinery in good condition施工形象进度construction figuue progress；figurative progress of construction work挖掘机excavating machine；excavator单斗挖土机power shovel索铲挖土机dragline反铲挖土机backhoe蛤壳式抓斗clamshell bucket推土机bulldozer铲运机scoper；scraper；carrying scraper装载机loader带式输送机belt conveyer平地机grader振动碾压机vibration compactor vibration roller压路机roller潜孔钻机diving drill凿岩机air hammer drill；rock drill碎石机crusher挖沟机trench cutting machine；trenching machine；trencher塔式起重机tower crane；column crane汽车式起重机automobile crane；autocrane；truck crane轮胎式起重机rubber tired crane；rough-terrain crane履带式起重机crawler crane；caterpiller crane轨道起重机track crane；rail crane浮式起重机；浮吊floating crane缆索起重机cable crane空中索道aerial ropway电动卷扬机electric winch电动吊车；电动葫芦electric hoist千斤顶jack打桩机pile driver蒸汽打桩机steam pile driver；steam pile hammer柴油打桩机diesel pile driver液压打桩机hydraulic pile driver振动打桩机vibrating pile driver；vibratory driver振动沉拨桩机vibro-driver extractor静压力拨桩机static pressure pile extractor；static pressure pile drawing machine履带式桩架crawler pile frame旋转式钻机swiveling drill machine；rotary drill machine灌水钻机diving drill machine套管钻机drill machine with casting冲击式钻机impact-type drill machine；percussion type drill machine离心水泵centrifugal pump真空水泵vacuum pump深井水泵deep well pump轴流水泵axial flow pump清水泵driving pump往复式空气压缩机reciprocating compressor螺杆式空气压缩机screw compressor单转子滑片式空压机single rotary compressor水泥输送泵cement pump混凝土搅拌机concrete mixer鼓筒式混凝土搅拌机drum concrete mixer锥形反转出料混凝土搅拌机tapered reverse tilting concrete mixer锥形倾翻出料混凝土搅拌机tapered tilting concrete mixer强制式混凝土搅拌机forced concrete mixer混凝土搅拌楼concrete mixing plant简易混凝土搅拌站simple concrete mixing plant混凝土搅拌运输车concrete mixing and transporting car；truck mixer；transit mixer混凝土输送泵concrete pump混凝土泵车concrete pump truck混凝土吊斗concrete lifting bucket钢筋调直机bar straightener钢筋切断机bar cutter钢筋弯曲机bar bender钢筋冷拉机bar cold-drawing machine插入式混凝土振捣器immersion type vibrator for concrete附着式混凝土振捣器attached type vibrator for concrete；attached type vibrator平板式混凝土振捣器plate vibrator混凝土振动台concrete vibrating stand长线张拉台座stretching bed for longline production斜撑桅杆式架梁起重机cross stay derrick girder erecting machine全回转式架梁起重机full circle girderr erecting crane双悬臂式架桥机double cantilever girder-erecting machine单梁式架桥机single beam girder-erecting machine双梁式架桥机double beam girder-erecting machine组拼式架桥机assembly type girer-erecting machine造桥机bridge fabrication machine工程船舶engineering ship；engineering vessel舟桥bateau bridge浮箱floating box；pontoon万能杆件fabricated universal steel members模板form组合钢模板combined steel formwork滑动模板slip form爬升模板climbing shuttering砌拱支架；碗扣式脚手架soffit scaffolding风镐air pick；pneumatic pick凿岩台车；钻孔台车rock drilling jumbo立爪式装岩机vertical claw rock loader蟹爪式装岩机crab rock loader梭式矿车shutter car槽式列车bunker train电瓶车storage battery car斗车bucker loader大型矿车large scale ore car装岩机rock loader干喷混凝土机dry shotcreting machine湿喷混凝土机wet shotcreting machine半湿喷混凝土机half wet shotcreting machine喷射混凝土机械手shotcrete manipulator风动凿岩机pneumatic rock drill手持式凿岩机portable rock drill；jack hammer通风机ventilating set；ventilating machine；ventilator注浆机grouting machine；grouter注浆泵grouting pump；injection pump隧道衬砌模板台车working jumbo for tunnel lining；tunnelling shutter jumbo for tunnel lining 隧道掘进机tunnel boring machine；TBM盾构shield接触网架线车installation vehicle for contact wire接触网作业车operation vehicle for contract wire自卸汽车dumping truck斗式提升机bucket elevator安全技术措施safety techincal measures安全教育safety education事故报告accident report灾害性地质disaster geology突泥projecting mud soil突水gushing water冒顶roof fall岩爆rock burst瓦斯突出gas projection瓦斯浓度gas density；gas consistency掏底开挖；挖神仙土cut the vertical earthwork bottom施工防护construction protection线路封锁track blockade；closure of track；traffic interruption 防护音响信号protecting acoustic signal覆盖防护covered protection。
土木工程专业英语词汇(整理版)
土木工程专业英语词汇(整理版)第一部分必须掌握，第二部分尽量掌握第一部分：1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法2 专业英语 Specialty English3 水利工程 Hydraulic Engineering4 土木工程 Civil Engineering5 地下工程 Underground Engineering6 岩土工程 Geotechnical Engineering7 道路工程 Road (Highway) Engineering8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering9 隧道工程 Tunnel Engineering10 工程力学 Engineering Mechanics11 交通工程 Traffic Engineering12 港口工程 Port Engineering13 安全性 safety17木结构 timber structure18 砌体结构 masonry structure19 混凝土结构concrete structure20 钢结构 steelstructure21 钢 - 混凝土复合结构 steel and concrete composite structure22 素混凝土 plain concrete23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete24 钢筋 rebar25 预应力混凝土 pre-stressed concrete26 静定结构statically determinate structure27 超静定结构 statically indeterminate structure28 桁架结构 truss structure29 空间网架结构 spatial grid structure30 近海工程 offshore engineering31 静力学 statics32运动学kinematics33 动力学dynamics34 简支梁 simply supported beam35 固定支座 fixed bearing36弹性力学 elasticity37 塑性力学 plasticity38 弹塑性力学 elaso-plasticity39 断裂力学 fracture Mechanics40 土力学 soil mechanics41 水力学 hydraulics42 流体力学 fluid mechanics43 固体力学solid mechanics44 集中力 concentrated force45 压力 pressure46 静水压力 hydrostatic pressure47 均布压力 uniform pressure48 体力 body force49 重力 gravity50 线荷载 line load51 弯矩 bending moment52 扭矩 torque53 应力 stress54 应变 stain55 正应力 normal stress56 剪应力 shearing stress57 主应力 principal stress58 变形 deformation59 内力 internal force60 偏移量挠度 deflection61 沉降settlement62 屈曲失稳 buckle63 轴力 axial force64 允许应力 allowable stress65 疲劳分析 fatigue analysis66 梁 beam67 壳 shell68 板 plate69 桥 bridge70 桩 pile71 主动土压力 active earth pressure72 被动土压力 passive earth pressure73 承载力 load-bearing capacity74 水位 water Height75 位移 displacement76 结构力学 structural mechanics77 材料力学 material mechanics78 经纬仪 altometer79 水准仪level80 学科 discipline81 子学科 sub-discipline82 期刊 journal periodical83 文献literature84 国际标准刊号ISSN International Standard Serial Number85 国际标准书号ISBN International Standard Book Number86 卷 volume87 期 number88 专著 monograph89 会议论文集 Proceeding90 学位论文 thesis dissertation91 专利 patent92 档案档案室 archive93 国际学术会议 conference94 导师 advisor95 学位论文答辩 defense of thesis96 博士研究生 doctorate student97 研究生 postgraduate98 工程索引EI Engineering Index99 科学引文索引SCI Science Citation Index100 科学技术会议论文集索引ISTP Index to Science and Tec hnology Proceedings 101 题目 title102 摘要 abstract103 全文 full-text104 参考文献 reference105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation106 主题词 Subject107 关键字 keyword108 美国土木工程师协会ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers109 联邦公路总署FHWA Federal Highway Administration110 国际标准组织ISO International Standard Organization111 解析方法 analytical method112 数值方法 numerical method113 计算 computation114 说明书 instruction115 规范 Specification Code第二部分：岩土工程专业词汇1.geotechnical engineering 岩土工程2.foundation engineering 基础工程3.soil earth 土4.soil mechanics 土力学5.cyclic loading 周期荷载6.unloading 卸载7.reloading 再加载8.viscoelastic foundation 粘弹性地基9.viscous damping 粘滞阻尼10.shear modulus 剪切模量11.soil dynamics 土动力学12.stress path 应力路径13.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二.土的分类1.residual soil 残积土 groundwater level 地下水位2.groundwater 地下水 groundwater table 地下水位3.clay minerals 粘土矿物4.secondary minerals 次生矿物ndslides 滑坡6.bore hole columnar section 钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation 工程地质勘察8.boulder 漂石9.cobble 卵石10.gravel 砂石11.gravelly sand 砾砂12.coarse sand 粗砂13.medium sand 中砂14.fine sand 细砂15.silty sand 粉土16.clayey soil 粘性土17.clay 粘土18.silty clay 粉质粘土19.silt 粉土20.sandy silt 砂质粉土21.clayey silt 粘质粉土22.saturated soil 饱和土23.unsaturated soil 非饱和土24.fill (soil) 填土25.overconsolidated soil 超固结土26.normally consolidated soil 正常固结土27.underconsolidated soil 欠固结土28.zonal soil 区域性土29.soft clay 软粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil 膨胀土31.peat 泥炭32.loess 黄土33.frozen soil 冻土24.degree of saturation 饱和度25.dry unit weight 干重度26.moist unit weight 湿重度45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会四.渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law 达西定律2.piping 管涌3.flowing soil 流土4.sand boiling 砂沸5.flow net 流网6.seepage 渗透（流）7.leakage 渗流8.seepage pressure 渗透压力9.permeability 渗透性10.seepage force 渗透力11.hydraulic gradient 水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability 渗透系数五.地基应力和变形1.soft soil 软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile 打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress 有效应力4.total stress 总应力5.field vane shear strength 十字板抗剪强度6.low activity 低活性7.sensitivity 灵敏度8.triaxial test 三轴试验9.foundation design 基础设计10.recompaction 再压缩11.bearing capacity 承载力12.soil mass 土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load 集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid 半无限弹性体16.homogeneous 均质17.isotropic 各向同性18.strip footing 条基19.square spread footing 方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load 恒载持续荷载22.live load 活载23.short –term transient load 短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load 长期荷载25.reduced load 折算荷载26.settlement 沉降27.deformation 变形28.casing 套管29.dike=dyke 堤（防）30.clay fraction 粘粒粒组31.physical properties 物理性质32.subgrade 路基33.well-graded soil 级配良好土34.poorly-graded soil 级配不良土35.normal stresses 正应力36.shear stresses 剪应力37.principal plane 主平面38.major (intermediate minor) principal stress 最大（中、最小）主应力39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition 摩尔-库仑破坏条件40.FEM=finite element method 有限元法41.limit equilibrium method 极限平衡法42.pore water pressure 孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure 先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility 压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility 压缩系数pression index 压缩指数47.swelling index 回弹指数48.geostatic stress 自重应力49.additional stress 附加应力50.total stress 总应力51.final settlement 最终沉降52.slip line 滑动线六.基坑开挖与降水1 excavation 开挖（挖方）2 dewatering （基坑）降水3 failure of foundation 基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit 基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall 挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution 孔压分布8 dewatering method 降低地下水位法9 well point system 井点系统（轻型）10 deep well point 深井点11 vacuum well point 真空井点12 braced cuts 支撑围护13 braced excavation 支撑开挖14 braced sheeting 支撑挡板七.深基础--deep foundation1.pile foundation 桩基础1)cast –in-place 灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile 沉管灌注桩bored pile 钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile 机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock 嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile 夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation 钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation 钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile 预制混凝土桩4)steel pile 钢桩steel pipe pile 钢管桩steel sheet pile 钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile 预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile 预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation 沉井（箱）3.diaphragm wall 地下连续墙截水墙4.friction pile 摩擦桩5.end-bearing pile 端承桩6.shaft 竖井；桩身7.wave equation analysis 波动方程分析8.pile caps 承台（桩帽）9.bearing capacity of single pile 单桩承载力teral pile load test 单桩横向载荷试验11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile 单桩横向极限承载力12.static load test of pile 单桩竖向静荷载试验13.vertical allowable load capacity 单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap 低桩承台15.high-rise pile cap 高桩承台16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile 单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silent piling 静力压桩18.uplift pile 抗拔桩19.anti-slide pile 抗滑桩20.pile groups 群桩21.efficiency factor of pile groups 群桩效率系数（η）22.efficiency of pile groups 群桩效应23.dynamic pile testing 桩基动测技术24.final set 最后贯入度25.dynamic load test of pile 桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test 桩的完整性试验27.pile head=butt 桩头28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe 桩端（头）29.pile spacing 桩距30.pile plan 桩位布置图31.arrangement of piles =pile layout 桩的布置32.group action 群桩作用33.end bearing=tip resistance 桩端阻34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance 桩侧阻35.pile cushion 桩垫36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩37.pile pulling test 拔桩试验38.pile shoe 桩靴39.pile noise 打桩噪音40.pile rig 打桩机九.固结 consolidation1.Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory 太沙基固结理论2.Barraon’s consolidation theory 巴隆固结理论3.Biot’s consolidation theory 比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil 超固结土6.excess pore water pressure 超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation 多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation 一维固结9.primary consolidation 主固结10.secondary consolidation 次固结11.degree of consolidation 固结度12.consolidation test 固结试验13.consolidation curve 固结曲线14.time factor Tv 时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation 固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure 前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress 有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0 固结十.抗剪强度 shear strength1.undrained shear strength 不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength 残余强度3.long-term strength 长期强度4.peak strength 峰值强度5.shear strain rate 剪切应变速率6.dilatation 剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法 8.total stress approach of shear strength 抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulomb theory 莫尔－库仑理论10.angle of internal friction 内摩擦角11.cohesion 粘聚力12.failure criterion 破坏准则13.vane strength 十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression 无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop 有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter 有效应力强度参数十一.本构模型--constitutive model1.elastic model 弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model 非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model 弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model 粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model 边界面模型6.Du ncan-Chang model 邓肯－张模型7.rigid plastic model 刚塑性模型8.cap model 盖帽模型9.work softening 加工软化10.work hardening 加工硬化11.Cambridge model 剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic model 理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion 莫尔－库仑屈服准则14.yield surface 屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model 弹性半空间地基模型16.elastic modulus 弹性模量17.Winkler foundation model 文克尔地基模型十二.地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil1.punching shear failure 冲剪破坏2.general shear failure 整体剪切破化3.local shear failure 局部剪切破坏4.state of limit equilibrium 极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure 临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil 地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil 地基极限承载力8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil 地基容许承载力十三.土压力--earth pressure1.active earth pressure 主动土压力2.passive earth pressure 被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest 静止土压力4.Coulomb’s earth pressure theory 库仑土压力理论5.Rankine’s earth p ressure theory 朗金土压力理论十四.土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis1.angle of repose 休止角2.Bishop method 毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope 边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices 费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method 瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method 条分法十五.挡土墙--retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall 挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall 基础墙3.counter retaining wall 扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall 悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall 悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall 重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall 锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall 锚定板板桩墙十六.板桩结构物--sheet pile structure1.steel sheet pile 钢板桩2.reinforced concrete sheet pile 钢筋混凝土板桩3.steel piles 钢桩4.wooden sheet pile 木板桩5.timber piles 木桩十七.浅基础--shallow foundation1.box foundation 箱型基础2.mat(raft) foundation 片筏基础3.strip foundation 条形基础4.spread footing 扩展基础pensated foundation 补偿性基础6.bearing stratum 持力层7.rigid foundation 刚性基础8.flexible foundation 柔性基础9.emxxxxbedded depth of foundation 基础埋置深度 foundation pressure 基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis 上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析十八.土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils 动强度2.wave velocity method 波速法3.material damping 材料阻尼4.geometric damping 几何阻尼5.damping ratio 阻尼比6.initial liquefaction 初始液化7.natural period of soil site 地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils 动剪切模量9.dynamic ma二十.地基基础抗震1.earthquake engineering 地震工程2.soil dynamics 土动力学3.duration of earthquake 地震持续时间4.earthquake response spectrum 地震反应谱5.earthquake intensity 地震烈度6.earthquake magnitude 震级7.seismic predominant period 地震卓越周期8.maximum acceleration of earthquake 地震最大加速度二十一.室内土工实验1.high pressure consolidation test 高压固结试验2.consolidation under K0 condition K0 固结试验3.falling head permeability 变水头试验4.constant head permeability 常水头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test 不固结不排水试验(UU)6.consolidated undrained triaxial test 固结不排水试验(CU)7.consolidated drained triaxial test 固结排水试验(CD)paction test 击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test 固结快剪试验10.quick direct shear test 快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test 慢剪试验12.sieve analysis 筛分析13.geotechnical model test 土工模型试验14.centrifugal model test 离心模型试验15.direct shear apparatus 直剪仪16.direct shear test 直剪试验17.direct simple shear test 直接单剪试验18.dynamic triaxial test 三轴试验19.dynamic simple shear 动单剪20.free（resonance）vibration column test 自(共)振柱试验二十二.原位测试1.standard penetration test (SPT)标准贯入试验2.surface wave test (SWT) 表面波试验3.dynamic penetration test(DPT) 动力触探试验4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验5.plate loading test 静力荷载试验teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验9.screw plate test 螺旋板载荷试验10.pressuremeter test 旁压试验11.light sounding 轻便触探试验12.deep settlement measurement 深层沉降观测13.vane shear test 十字板剪切试验14.field permeability test 现场渗透试验15.in-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测16.in-situ soil test 原位试验第一部分必须掌握，第二部分尽量掌握第一部分：1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法2 专业英语 Specialty English3 水利工程 Hydraulic Engineering4 土木工程 Civil Engineering5 地下工程 Underground Engineering6 岩土工程 Geotechnical Engineering7 道路工程 Road (Highway) Engineering8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering9 隧道工程 Tunnel Engineering10 工程力学 Engineering Mechanics11 交通工程 Traffic Engineering12 港口工程 Port Engineering13 安全性 safety17木结构 timber structure18 砌体结构 masonry structure19 混凝土结构concrete structure20 钢结构 steelstructure21 钢 - 混凝土复合结构 steel and concrete composite structure22 素混凝土 plain concrete23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete24 钢筋 rebar25 预应力混凝土 pre-stressed concrete26 静定结构statically determinate structure27 超静定结构 statically indeterminate structure28 桁架结构 truss structure29 空间网架结构 spatial grid structure30 近海工程 offshore engineering31 静力学 statics32运动学kinematics33 动力学dynamics34 简支梁 simply supported beam35 固定支座 fixed bearing36弹性力学 elasticity37 塑性力学 plasticity38 弹塑性力学 elaso-plasticity39 断裂力学 fracture Mechanics40 土力学 soil mechanics41 水力学 hydraulics42 流体力学 fluid mechanics43 固体力学solid mechanics44 集中力 concentrated force45 压力 pressure46 静水压力 hydrostatic pressure47 均布压力 uniform pressure48 体力 body force49 重力 gravity50 线荷载 line load51 弯矩 bending moment52 扭矩 torque53 应力 stress54 应变 stain55 正应力 normal stress56 剪应力 shearing stress57 主应力 principal stress58 变形 deformation59 内力 internal force60 偏移量挠度 deflection61 沉降settlement62 屈曲失稳 buckle63 轴力 axial force64 允许应力 allowable stress65 疲劳分析 fatigue analysis66 梁 beam67 壳 shell68 板 plate69 桥 bridge70 桩 pile71 主动土压力 active earth pressure72 被动土压力 passive earth pressure73 承载力 load-bearing capacity74 水位 water Height75 位移 displacement76 结构力学 structural mechanics77 材料力学 material mechanics78 经纬仪 altometer79 水准仪level80 学科 discipline81 子学科 sub-discipline82 期刊 journal periodical83 文献literature84 国际标准刊号ISSN International Standard Serial Number85 国际标准书号ISBN International Standard Book Number86 卷 volume87 期 number88 专著 monograph89 会议论文集 Proceeding90 学位论文 thesis dissertation91 专利 patent92 档案档案室 archive93 国际学术会议 conference94 导师 advisor95 学位论文答辩 defense of thesis96 博士研究生 doctorate student97 研究生 postgraduate98 工程索引EI Engineering Index99 科学引文索引SCI Science Citation Index100 科学技术会议论文集索引ISTP Index to Science and Tec hnology Proceedings 101 题目 title102 摘要 abstract103 全文 full-text104 参考文献 reference105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation106 主题词 Subject107 关键字 keyword108 美国土木工程师协会ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers109 联邦公路总署FHWA Federal Highway Administration110 国际标准组织ISO International Standard Organization111 解析方法 analytical method112 数值方法 numerical method113 计算 computation114 说明书 instruction115 规范 Specification Code第二部分：岩土工程专业词汇1.geotechnical engineering 岩土工程2.foundation engineering 基础工程3.soil earth 土4.soil mechanics 土力学5.cyclic loading 周期荷载6.unloading 卸载7.reloading 再加载8.viscoelastic foundation 粘弹性地基9.viscous damping 粘滞阻尼10.shear modulus 剪切模量11.soil dynamics 土动力学12.stress path 应力路径13.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二.土的分类1.residual soil 残积土 groundwater level 地下水位2.groundwater 地下水 groundwater table 地下水位3.clay minerals 粘土矿物4.secondary minerals 次生矿物ndslides 滑坡6.bore hole columnar section 钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation 工程地质勘察8.boulder 漂石9.cobble 卵石10.gravel 砂石11.gravelly sand 砾砂12.coarse sand 粗砂13.medium sand 中砂14.fine sand 细砂15.silty sand 粉土16.clayey soil 粘性土17.clay 粘土18.silty clay 粉质粘土19.silt 粉土20.sandy silt 砂质粉土21.clayey silt 粘质粉土22.saturated soil 饱和土23.unsaturated soil 非饱和土24.fill (soil) 填土25.overconsolidated soil 超固结土26.normally consolidated soil 正常固结土27.underconsolidated soil 欠固结土28.zonal soil 区域性土29.soft clay 软粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil 膨胀土31.peat 泥炭32.loess 黄土33.frozen soil 冻土24.degree of saturation 饱和度25.dry unit weight 干重度26.moist unit weight 湿重度45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会四.渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law 达西定律2.piping 管涌3.flowing soil 流土4.sand boiling 砂沸5.flow net 流网6.seepage 渗透（流）7.leakage 渗流8.seepage pressure 渗透压力9.permeability 渗透性10.seepage force 渗透力11.hydraulic gradient 水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability 渗透系数五.地基应力和变形1.soft soil 软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile 打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress 有效应力4.total stress 总应力5.field vane shear strength 十字板抗剪强度6.low activity 低活性7.sensitivity 灵敏度8.triaxial test 三轴试验9.foundation design 基础设计10.recompaction 再压缩11.bearing capacity 承载力12.soil mass 土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load 集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid 半无限弹性体16.homogeneous 均质17.isotropic 各向同性18.strip footing 条基19.square spread footing 方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load 恒载持续荷载22.live load 活载23.short –term transient load 短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load 长期荷载25.reduced load 折算荷载26.settlement 沉降27.deformation 变形28.casing 套管29.dike=dyke 堤（防）30.clay fraction 粘粒粒组31.physical properties 物理性质32.subgrade 路基33.well-graded soil 级配良好土34.poorly-graded soil 级配不良土35.normal stresses 正应力36.shear stresses 剪应力37.principal plane 主平面38.major (intermediate minor) principal stress 最大（中、最小）主应力39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition 摩尔-库仑破坏条件40.FEM=finite element method 有限元法41.limit equilibrium method 极限平衡法42.pore water pressure 孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure 先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility 压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility 压缩系数pression index 压缩指数47.swelling index 回弹指数48.geostatic stress 自重应力49.additional stress 附加应力50.total stress 总应力51.final settlement 最终沉降52.slip line 滑动线六.基坑开挖与降水1 excavation 开挖（挖方）2 dewatering （基坑）降水3 failure of foundation 基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit 基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall 挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution 孔压分布8 dewatering method 降低地下水位法9 well point system 井点系统（轻型）10 deep well point 深井点11 vacuum well point 真空井点12 braced cuts 支撑围护13 braced excavation 支撑开挖14 braced sheeting 支撑挡板七.深基础--deep foundation1.pile foundation 桩基础1)cast –in-place 灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile 沉管灌注桩bored pile 钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile 机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock 嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile 夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation 钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation 钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile 预制混凝土桩4)steel pile 钢桩steel pipe pile 钢管桩steel sheet pile 钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile 预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile 预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation 沉井（箱）3.diaphragm wall 地下连续墙截水墙4.friction pile 摩擦桩5.end-bearing pile 端承桩6.shaft 竖井；桩身7.wave equation analysis 波动方程分析8.pile caps 承台（桩帽）9.bearing capacity of single pile 单桩承载力teral pile load test 单桩横向载荷试验11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile 单桩横向极限承载力12.static load test of pile 单桩竖向静荷载试验13.vertical allowable load capacity 单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap 低桩承台15.high-rise pile cap 高桩承台16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile 单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silent piling 静力压桩18.uplift pile 抗拔桩19.anti-slide pile 抗滑桩20.pile groups 群桩21.efficiency factor of pile groups 群桩效率系数（η）22.efficiency of pile groups 群桩效应23.dynamic pile testing 桩基动测技术24.final set 最后贯入度25.dynamic load test of pile 桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test 桩的完整性试验27.pile head=butt 桩头28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe 桩端（头）29.pile spacing 桩距30.pile plan 桩位布置图31.arrangement of piles =pile layout 桩的布置32.group action 群桩作用33.end bearing=tip resistance 桩端阻34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance 桩侧阻35.pile cushion 桩垫36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩37.pile pulling test 拔桩试验38.pile shoe 桩靴39.pile noise 打桩噪音40.pile rig 打桩机九.固结 consolidation1.Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory 太沙基固结理论2.Barra on’s consolidation theory 巴隆固结理论3.Biot’s consolidation theory 比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil 超固结土6.excess pore water pressure 超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation 多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation 一维固结9.primary consolidation 主固结10.secondary consolidation 次固结11.degree of consolidation 固结度12.consolidation test 固结试验13.consolidation curve 固结曲线14.time factor Tv 时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation 固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure 前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress 有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0 固结十.抗剪强度 shear strength1.undrained shear strength 不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength 残余强度3.long-term strength 长期强度4.peak strength 峰值强度5.shear strain rate 剪切应变速率6.dilatation 剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法 8.total stress approach of shear strength 抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulomb theory 莫尔－库仑理论10.angle of internal friction 内摩擦角11.cohesion 粘聚力12.failure criterion 破坏准则13.vane strength 十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression 无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop 有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter 有效应力强度参数十一.本构模型--constitutive model1.elastic model 弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model 非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model 弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model 粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model 边界面模型6.Du ncan-Chang model 邓肯－张模型7.rigid plastic model 刚塑性模型8.cap model 盖帽模型9.work softening 加工软化10.work hardening 加工硬化11.Cambridge model 剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic model 理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion 莫尔－库仑屈服准则14.yield surface 屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model 弹性半空间地基模型16.elastic modulus 弹性模量17.Winkler foundation model 文克尔地基模型十二.地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil1.punching shear failure 冲剪破坏2.general shear failure 整体剪切破化3.local shear failure 局部剪切破坏4.state of limit equilibrium 极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure 临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil 地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil 地基极限承载力8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil 地基容许承载力十三.土压力--earth pressure1.active earth pressure 主动土压力2.passive earth pressure 被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest 静止土压力4.Coulomb’s earth pressure theory 库仑土压力理论5.Rankine’s earth pressure theory 朗金土压力理论十四.土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis1.angle of repose 休止角2.Bishop method 毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope 边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices 费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method 瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method 条分法十五.挡土墙--retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall 挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall 基础墙3.counter retaining wall 扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall 悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall 悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall 重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall 锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall 锚定板板桩墙十六.板桩结构物--sheet pile structure1.steel sheet pile 钢板桩2.reinforced concrete sheet pile 钢筋混凝土板桩3.steel piles 钢桩4.wooden sheet pile 木板桩5.timber piles 木桩十七.浅基础--shallow foundation1.box foundation 箱型基础2.mat(raft) foundation 片筏基础3.strip foundation 条形基础4.spread footing 扩展基础pensated foundation 补偿性基础6.bearing stratum 持力层7.rigid foundation 刚性基础8.flexible foundation 柔性基础9.emxxxxbedded depth of foundation 基础埋置深度 foundation pressure 基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis 上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析十八.土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils 动强度2.wave velocity method 波速法3.material damping 材料阻尼4.geometric damping 几何阻尼5.damping ratio 阻尼比6.initial liquefaction 初始液化7.natural period of soil site 地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils 动剪切模量9.dynamic ma二十.地基基础抗震1.earthquake engineering 地震工程2.soil dynamics 土动力学3.duration of earthquake 地震持续时间4.earthquake response spectrum 地震反应谱5.earthquake intensity 地震烈度6.earthquake magnitude 震级7.seismic predominant period 地震卓越周期8.maximum acceleration of earthquake 地震最大加速度二十一.室内土工实验1.high pressure consolidation test 高压固结试验2.consolidation under K0 condition K0 固结试验3.falling head permeability 变水头试验4.constant head permeability 常水头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test 不固结不排水试验(UU)6.consolidated undrained triaxial test 固结不排水试验(CU)7.consolidated drained triaxial test 固结排水试验(CD)paction test 击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test 固结快剪试验10.quick direct shear test 快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test 慢剪试验12.sieve analysis 筛分析13.geotechnical model test 土工模型试验14.centrifugal model test 离心模型试验15.direct shear apparatus 直剪仪16.direct shear test 直剪试验17.direct simple shear test 直接单剪试验18.dynamic triaxial test 三轴试验19.dynamic simple shear 动单剪20.free（resonance）vibration column test 自(共)振柱试验二十二.原位测试1.standard penetration test (SPT)标准贯入试验2.surface wave test (SWT) 表面波试验3.dynamic penetration test(DPT) 动力触探试验4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验5.plate loading test 静力荷载试验teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验9.screw plate test 螺旋板载荷试验10.pressuremeter test 旁压试验11.light sounding 轻便触探试验12.deep settlement measurement 深层沉降观测13.vane shear test 十字板剪切试验14.field permeability test 现场渗透试验15.in-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测16.in-situ soil test 原位试验。
土木工程专业英语词汇(整理版)99317
第一部分必须掌握，第二部分尽量掌握第一部分：1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法2 专业英语Specialty English3 水利工程Hydraulic Engineering4 土木工程Civil Engineering5 地下工程Underground Engineering6 岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering7 道路工程Road (Highway) Engineering8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering9 隧道工程Tunnel Engineering10 工程力学Engineering Mechanics11 交通工程Traffic Engineering12 港口工程Port Engineering13 安全性safety17木结构timber structure18 砌体结构masonry structure19 混凝土结构concrete structure20 钢结构steelstructure21 钢-混凝土复合结构steel and concrete composite structure22 素混凝土plain concrete23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete24 钢筋rebar25 预应力混凝土pre-stressed concrete26 静定结构statically determinate structure27 超静定结构statically indeterminate structure28 桁架结构truss structure29 空间网架结构spatial grid structure30 近海工程offshore engineering31 静力学statics32运动学kinematics33 动力学dynamics34 简支梁simply supported beam35 固定支座fixed bearing36弹性力学elasticity37 塑性力学plasticity38 弹塑性力学elaso-plasticity39 断裂力学fracture Mechanics40 土力学soil mechanics41 水力学hydraulics42 流体力学fluid mechanics43 固体力学solid mechanics44 集中力concentrated force45 压力pressure46 静水压力hydrostatic pressure47 均布压力uniform pressure48 体力body force49 重力gravity 50 线荷载line load51 弯矩bending moment52 torque 扭矩53 应力stress54 应变stain55 正应力normal stress56 剪应力shearing stress57 主应力principal stress58 变形deformation59 内力internal force60 偏移量挠度deflection61 settlement 沉降62 屈曲失稳buckle63 轴力axial force64 允许应力allowable stress65 疲劳分析fatigue analysis66 梁beam67 壳shell68 板plate69 桥bridge70 桩pile71 主动土压力active earth pressure72 被动土压力passive earth pressure73 承载力load-bearing capacity74 水位water Height75 位移displacement76 结构力学structural mechanics77 材料力学material mechanics78 经纬仪altometer79 水准仪level80 学科discipline81 子学科sub-discipline82 期刊journal ,periodical83文献literature84 ISSN International Standard Serial Number 国际标准刊号85 ISBN International Standard Book Number 国际标准书号86 卷volume87 期number 88 专著monograph89 会议论文集Proceeding90 学位论文thesis, dissertation91 专利patent92 档案档案室archive93 国际学术会议conference94 导师advisor95 学位论文答辩defense of thesis96 博士研究生doctorate student97 研究生postgraduate98 EI Engineering Index 工程索引99 SCI Science Citation Index 科学引文索引100ISTP Index to Science and Technology Proceedings 科学技术会议论文集索引101 题目title102 摘要abstract103 全文full-text104 参考文献reference105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation106 主题词Subject107 关键字keyword108 ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers 美国土木工程师协会109 FHWA Federal Highway Administration 联邦公路总署110 ISO International Standard Organization111 解析方法analytical method112 数值方法numerical method113 计算computation114 说明书instruction第二部分：岩土工程专业词汇1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程2.foundation engineering基础工程3.soil, earth土4.soil mechanics土力学cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5.soil dynamics土动力学6.stress path应力路径7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类 1.residual soil残积土groundwater level地下水位 2.groundwater 地下水groundwater table地下水位3.clay minerals粘土矿物 4.secondary minerals次生矿物ndslides滑坡6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravelly sand砾砂12.coarse sand粗砂13.medium sand中砂14.fine sand细砂15.silty sand粉土16.clayey soil粘性土17.clay粘土18.silty clay粉质粘土19.silt粉土20.sandy silt砂质粉土21.clayey silt粘质粉土22.saturated soil饱和土23.unsaturated soil非饱和土24.fill (soil)填土25.overconsolidated soil超固结土26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土28.zonal soil区域性土29.soft clay软粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土31.peat泥炭32.loess黄土33.frozen soil冻土24.degree of saturation饱和度25.dry unit weight 干重度26.moist unit weight湿重度45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law 达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowing soil流土4.sand boiling砂沸5.flow net流网6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepage pressure渗透压力9.permeability 渗透性10.seepage force渗透力11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1.soft soil软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress有效应力4.total stress总应力5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度6.low activity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxial test三轴试验9.foundation design基础设计10.recompaction再压缩11.bearing capacity承载力12.soil mass土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体16.homogeneous均质17.isotropic各向同性18.strip footing条基19.square spread footing方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载22.live load活载23.short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load长期荷载25.reduced load折算荷载26.settlement沉降27.deformation变形28.casing套管29.dike=dyke堤（防）30.clay fraction粘粒粒组31.physical properties物理性质32.subgrade路基33.well-graded soil级配良好土34.poorly-graded soil级配不良土35.normal stresses正应力36.shear stresses剪应力37.principal plane主平面38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大（中、最小）主应力39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件40.FEM=finite element method有限元法41.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法42.pore water pressure孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数pression index压缩指数47.swelling index回弹指数48.geostatic stress自重应力49.additional stress附加应力50.total stress总应力51.final settlement最终沉降52.slip line滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降水 1 excavation开挖（挖方） 2 dewatering（基坑）降水3 failure of foundation基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布8 dewatering method降低地下水位法9 well point system井点系统（轻型）10 deep well point深井点11 vacuum well point真空井点12 braced cuts支撑围护13 braced excavation支撑开挖14 braced sheeting支撑挡板七. 深基础--deep foundation 1.pile foundation桩基础1)cast –in-place灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩bored pile钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile 机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation 钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4)steel pile钢桩steel pipe pile钢管桩steel sheet pile钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation 沉井（箱）3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙4.friction pile摩擦桩5.end-bearing pile端承桩6.shaft竖井；桩身7.wave equation analysis波动方程分析8.pile caps承台（桩帽）9.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力teral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力12.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验13.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap低桩承台15.high-rise pile cap高桩承台16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silent piling静力压桩18.uplift pile抗拔桩19.anti-slide pile抗滑桩20.pile groups群桩21.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η）22.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应23.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术24.final set最后贯入度25.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验27.pile head=butt桩头28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）29.pile spacing桩距30.pile plan桩位布置图31.arrangement of piles =pile layout 桩的布置32.group action群桩作用33.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻35.pile cushion桩垫36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩37.pile pulling test拔桩试验38.pile shoe桩靴39.pile noise打桩噪音40.pile rig打桩机九. 固结consolidation1.Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2.Barraon’s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论3.Biot’s consolidation theory比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil超固结土6.excess pore water pressure超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation一维固结9.primary consolidation主固结10.secondary consolidation次固结11.degree of consolidation固结度12.consolidation test固结试验13.consolidation curve固结曲线14.time factor Tv时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结十. 抗剪强度shear strength 1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength残余强度3.long-term strength长期强度4.peak strength峰值强度5.shear strain rate剪切应变速率6.dilatation剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论10.angle of internal friction内摩擦角11.cohesion粘聚力12.failure criterion破坏准则13.vane strength十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter有效应力强度参数十一. 本构模型--constitutive model1.elastic model弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model边界面模型6.Duncan-Chang model邓肯－张模型7.rigid plastic model 刚塑性模型8.cap model盖帽模型9.work softening加工软化10.work hardening加工硬化11.Cambridge model剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则14.yield surface屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型16.elastic modulus弹性模量17.Winkler foundation model 文克尔地基模型十二. 地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil 1.punching shear failure冲剪破坏2.general shear failure整体剪切破化 3.local shear failure局部剪切破坏 4.state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力十三. 土压力--earth pressure1.active earth pressure主动土压力2.passive earth pressure 被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest静止土压力4.Coulomb’s earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论5.Rankine’s earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论十四. 土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis1.angle of repose休止角2.Bishop method毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method 瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method条分法十五. 挡土墙--retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall基础墙3.counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙十六. 板桩结构物--sheet pile structure 1.steel sheet pile钢板桩 2.reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩3.steel piles钢桩4.wooden sheet pile木板桩5.timber piles 木桩十七. 浅基础--shallow foundation 1.box foundation箱型基础 2.mat(raft) foundation片筏基础 3.strip foundation条形基础 4.spread footing扩展基础pensated foundation 补偿性基础6.bearing stratum持力层7.rigid foundation刚性基础8.flexible foundation柔性基础9.embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度 foundation pressure基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析十八. 土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils动强度2.wave velocity method 波速法3.material damping材料阻尼4.geometric damping 几何阻尼5.damping ratio阻尼比6.initial liquefaction初始液化7.natural period of soil site地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切模量9.dynamic ma 二十. 地基基础抗震 1.earthquake engineering地震工程2.soil dynamics土动力学3.duration of earthquake地震持续时间 4.earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱5.earthquake intensity地震烈度6.earthquake magnitude震级7.seismic predominant period地震卓越周期8.maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度二十一. 室内土工实验1.high pressure consolidation test高压固结试验2.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结试验 3.falling head permeability变水头试验4.constant head permeability常水头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test不固结不排水试验(UU)6.consolidated undrained triaxial test固结不排水试验(CU)7.consolidated drained triaxial test固结排水试验(CD)paction test击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test固结快剪试验10.quick direct shear test快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test慢剪试验12.sieve analysis筛分析13.geotechnical model test土工模型试验14.centrifugalmodel test离心模型试验15.direct shear apparatus直剪仪16.direct shear test直剪试验17.direct simple shear test直接单剪试验18.dynamic triaxial test三轴试验19.dynamic simple shear 动单剪20.free（resonance）vibration column test自(共)振柱试验二十二. 原位测试1.standard penetration test (SPT)标准贯入试验 2.surface wave test (SWT)表面波试验 3.dynamic penetration test(DPT)动力触探试验4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验 5.plate loading test静力荷载试验teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验9.screw plate test螺旋板载荷试验10.pressuremeter test旁压试验11.light sounding轻便触探试验12.deep settlement measurement深层沉降观测13.vane shear test十字板剪切试验14.field permeability test现场渗透试验15.in-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测16.in-situ soil test原位试验。
隧道英语词汇
隧道掘进机 tunnel boring machine围岩自稳时间 rock-self stability time松散压力 loosing pressure形变压力 clastic pressure全断面开挖法 full face excavation method正台阶法 bench cut method环形开挖预留核心土法 ring cut method双侧壁导坑法 both side drift method中洞法 center drift excavation method中隔壁法( CD 法) center diagram method交叉中隔壁法( CRD 法) center cross diagram method 岩爆 rock burst浅孔爆破 short hole blasting深孔爆破 long hole blasting光面爆破 smooth blasting预裂爆破 presplitting锚喷支护 shotcrete and rock bolt support钢架 steel frame or beam support超前支护 advanced support管棚 pipe-roof protection小导管预注浆 small pipe-roof protection超前锚杆 pioneer rock bolt预注浆 pioneer grouting回填注浆 back filling grouting干喷 dry shotcrete初喷 first shotcrete ( aplication of first shotcrete )复喷 subsequent shotcrete ( aplication of shotcrete )锚杆 rock bolt中岩墙(中岩柱、中夹岩) wall of rock in neighborhood tunnel 监控量测 monitoring measurement超前地质预报 geological prediction瓦斯 gas瓦斯浓度 gas concentration围岩 surrounding rock围岩压力 surrounding rock pressure围岩分级 surrounding rock classification初始地应力场 initial ground-stress field作用 action荷载 load容许应力设计法 allowable stress design method破损阶段设计法 plastic stage design method概率极限状态设计法 probability limit state design method 可靠性 reliability设计基准期 design relerence period安全等级 safty classes承载能力极限状态 ultimate limit states正常使用极限状态 service-ability limit states可靠指标 reliability index失效概率 probability of structural failure作用代表值 representative value of actions作用标准值 characteristic value of actions作用设计值 design value of actions作用效应 effects of actions作用的组合 combination of actions材料性能标准值 characteristic value of a material property 几何参数标准值 nominal value of geometrical parameter 几何参数设计值 design value of geometrical parameter 分项系数 partial coefficient抗力 reaction地震动参数 seismic ground motion parameter地震动峰值加速度 seismic peak ground acceleration公路隧道 road tunnel山岭隧道 mountain tunnel岩石质量指标 Rock Quality Designation(RQD)岩体分级 rock mass classification环境调查 environmental survey水文调查 hydrological survey地质调查 geological survey隧道涌水 water inflow into tunnel偏压 unsymmetrical pressure新奥法 NATM(New AustrianTunnelingMethod) 净空断面(内轮廓) inner section洞门 portal衬砌 lining仰拱 invert小净距隧道 neighburhood tunnel联拱隧道 multi-arch tunnel竖井 vertical shaft斜井 incline, incline shaft横通道 horizontal adit超前导坑 advancing drift通风 ventilation照明 lighting地铁 metro ，underground railway ， subway 设计使用年限 designed lifetime运营概念 operation concept旅行速度 operation speed限界 gauge正线 main line辅助线 assistant line联络线 connecting line试车线 testing line轨道结构 track structure轨距 gauge of track无缝线路 seamless track整体道床 monolithic track-bed路基 subgrade车站公共区 public zone of station站台计算长度 computed length of platform无缝线路纵向水平力 longitudinal horizontal force of seamless track 无缝线路断轨力 broken rail force of seamless track明挖法 cut and cover盖挖顺筑法盖挖逆筑法 cover andcut-topdown矿山法 mining method盾构法 shield method沉管法 immersed tube method防水等级 grade of waterproof变形缝 deformatio joint刚柔结合的密封区 rigid-flexible joint of sealed zone 开式运行 open made operation闭式运行 close made operation活塞通风 piston action ventilation合流制排放 combined sewer system集中式供电 centralized power supply mode分散式供电 distibuted power supply mode混合式供电 combined power supply mode主变电所 high volyage substation牵引降压混合变电所 combined substation杂散电流 stray current同步数字传输系统 synchronous digital hierarchy transmission system(SDH) 全球定位系统 global position system(GPS)列车自动控制 automatic traincontrol(ATC)列车自动监控 automatic train supervision(ATS)列车自动防护 automatic trainprotection(ATP)列车自动运行 automatic trainoperation(ATO)调度集中 centralized traffic control(CTC)自动人行道 moving pavement自动售检票系统 automatic fare collection火灾自动报警系统 fire alarmsystem(FAS)区域报警系统 local alarm system集中报警系统 remote alarm system环境与设备监控系统 building automatic system (BAS)系统集成 system integration(SI)运营控制中心 operation control center(OCC)集中监控和管理 concentration supervisory control and management 车辆段 depot停车场 stabling yard检修修程 examine and repair program检修周期 examine and repair period湿陷性黄土 collapsible loess非湿陷性黄土 noncollapsible loess自重湿陷性黄土 loess collapsible under overburden pressure非自重湿陷性黄土 loess noncollapsible under overburden pressure 新近堆积黄土 recently deposited loess压缩变形 compression deformation湿陷变形 collapse deformation湿陷起始压力 initial collapse pressure湿陷系数 coefficient of collapsibility自重湿陷系数 coefficient of collapsibility under overburden pressure 自重湿陷量的实测值 measured collapse under overburden presure 自重湿陷量的计算值 computed collapse under overburden湿陷量的计算值 computed collapse剩余湿陷量 remnant collapse防护距离 protection distance防护范围 area of protection隧道工程 tunnel engineering隧道 tunnel铁路隧道；铁道隧道 railway tunnel公路隧道 highway tunnel地铁隧道 subway tunnel;underground railway tunnel;metro tunnel人行隧道 pedestrian tunnel水工隧洞；输水隧道 hydraulic tunnel山岭隧道 mountain tunnel水下隧道 subaqueous tunnel海底隧道 ;水下隧道 submarine tunnel;underwater tunnel土质隧道 earth tunnel岩石隧道 rock tunnel浅埋隧道 shallow tunnel;shallow-depth tunnel;shallow burying tunnel深埋隧道 deep tunnel;deep-depth tunnel;deep burying tunnel偏压隧道 unsymmetrical loading tunnel马蹄形隧道；拱形隧道 horse-shoe tunnel;arch tunnel圆形隧道 circular tunnel矩形隧道 rectangular section tunnel大断面隧道 largecross-section tunnel长隧道 long tunnel双线隧道 twin-track tunnel;double track tunnel曲线隧道 curved tunnel明洞 open tunnel;open cut tunnel;tunnel without cover;gallery 隧道勘测 tunnel survey超前探测 drift boring工程地质勘测；工程地质勘探 engineering geological prospecting隧道测量tunnel survey施工测量construction survey断面测量section survey隧道设计tunnel design隧道断面tunnel section安全系数safety coefficient隧道力学tunnel mechanics隧道结构tunnel structure隧道洞口设施 facilities of tunnel portal 边墙 side wall拱顶 archcrown拱圈 tunnel arch仰拱 inverted arch底板 base plate;floor隧道埋深 depth of tunnel隧道群 tunnel group隧道施工 tunnel construction隧道开挖 tunnel excavation分部开挖 partial excavation大断面开挖 large cross-section excavation全断面开挖 full face tunnelling开挖面 excavated surface隧道施工方法 tunnel construction method钻爆法 drilling and blasting method新奥法 natm;new austrian tunnelling method 盾构法 shield driving method;shield method顶进法 pipe jacking method;jack-in method浅埋暗挖法 sallow buried-tunnelling method明挖法 cut and cover tunneling;open cut method地下连续墙法 underground diaphragm wall method;underground wall method 冻结法 freezing method沉埋法 immersed tube method管棚法 pipe-shed method综合机械化掘进 comprehensive mechanized excavation辅助坑道 auxiliary adit;service gallery平行坑道 parallel adit竖井 shaft斜井 sloping shaft;inclined shaft导坑 heading衬砌工艺 lining process喷锚；锚喷 anchor bolt spray;anchor bolt-spray 管段 tube section接缝joint地层加固 reinforcing of natural ground弃碴 ballast piling施工监控 construction monitor control超挖overbreak欠挖 underbreak施工进度 construction progress隧道贯通 tunnel holing-through工期 work period隧道施工机械 tunnel construction machinery隧道掘进机 tunnelling machine;tunnel boring machine;tbm单臂掘进机 single cantilever tunnelling machine全断面掘进机 full face tunnel boring machine隧道钻眼爆破机械 machine for tunnel drilling and blasting operation 装碴运输机械 loading-conveying ballast equipment衬砌机械 lining mechanism钢模板 steel form模板台车 formworking jumbo混凝土喷射机；砼喷射机 concrete sprayer盾构 shield泥水盾构 slurry shield气压盾构 air pressure shield挤压闭胸盾构 shotcrete closed shield土压平衡盾构 soil pressure balancing shield 注浆机械 grouting machine凿岩机 rock drilling machine;air hammer drill 凿岩台车 drill jumbo;rock drilling jumbo围岩 surrounding rock围岩分类围岩加固围岩稳定围岩应力围岩压力山体压力围岩变形围岩破坏surroundingsurroundingsurroundingsurroundingrock classificationrock consolidationrock stabilityrock stresspressure of surroundingrock;围岩压力 ground pressure;surrounding rock pressure surrounding rock deformationsurrounding rock failure软弱围岩 weak surrounding rock支护 support锚喷支护 anchor bolt-spray support锚杆支护 anchor bolt-support;anchor bolt support喷射混凝土支护；喷射砼支护 shotcrete support;sprayed concrete support 配筋喷射混凝土支护；配筋喷射砼支护 reinforced sprayed concrete support 钢架喷射混凝土支护；钢架喷射砼支护 rigid-frame shotcrete support掘进工作面支护 excavation face support超前支护 advance support管棚支护 pipe-shed support;pipe roofing support胶结型锚杆 adhesive anchor bolt砂浆锚杆 mortar bolt树脂锚杆 resin anchored bolt摩擦型锚杆 friction anchor bolt楔缝式锚杆 slit wedge type rock bolt涨壳式锚杆 expansion type anchor bolt机械型锚杆 mechanical anchor bolt预应力锚杆 prestressed anchor bolt土层锚杆 soil bolt岩石锚杆 rock bolt衬砌 lining整体式衬砌 integral tunnel lining;integral lining拼装式衬砌 precast lining组合衬砌 composite lining挤压混凝土衬砌；挤压砼衬砌 shotcrete tunnel lining;extruding concrete tunnel lining 混凝土衬砌；砼衬砌 concrete lining喷锚衬砌 shotcrete and bolt lining;shotcrete bolt lining隧道通风 tunnel ventilation施工通风 construction ventilation运营通风 operation ventilation机械通风 mechanical ventilation自然通风 natural ventilation隧道射流式通风；隧道射流通风 efflux ventilation for tunnel;tunnel efflux ventilation;tunnel injector type ventilation隧道通风帘幕 curtain for tunnel ventilation;ventilation curtain通风设备 ventilation equipment隧道照明 tunnel illumination;tunnel lighting照明设备 lighting equipment隧道防水 tunnel waterproofing;waterproofing of tunnel防水板 waterproofingboard;waterproof board;waterproof sheet防水材料隧道排水排水设备隧道病害waterproof material tunnel drainage drainage facilites tunnel defect衬砌裂损 lining split;lining **ing隧道漏水 water leakage of tunnel;tunnel leak 坍方 landslide;slip地面塌陷 land yielding涌水 gushing water隧道养护 tunnel maintenance堵漏 leaking stoppage注浆grouting化学注浆 chemical grouting防寒 cold-proof整治 regulation限界检查 clearance examination;checking of clearance;clearance check measurement 隧道管理系统 tunnelling management system隧道环境 tunnel environment隧道试验；隧道实验 tunnel test试验段；实验段 test section隧道监控量测；隧道监控测量 tunnel monitoring measurement收敛 convergence隧道安全 tunnel safety隧道防火 tunnel fire proofing火灾 fire hazard消防 fire fighting隧道防灾设施 tunnel disaster prevention equipment;tunnel anti-disaster equipment 报警装置；报警器 alarming device;warning device通过隧道 passing tunnel避车洞 refuge hole避难洞；避车洞 refuge recess;refuge hole电气化铁道工程；电气化铁路工程 electrified railway construction电气化铁道；电气化铁路 electrified railway直流电气化铁道 dc electrified railway交流电气化铁道 ;交流电气化铁路 a.c.electrification railway低频电气化铁道 low frequency electrified railway工频电气化铁道；工频电气化铁路 industry frequency electrified railway电压制 voltage system电流制 current system。
土木工程专业常用英语词汇
土木工程专业常用英语词汇第一节普通术语3. 房屋建造工程building engineering4. 土木工程civil engineering除房屋建造外，为新建、改建或扩建各类工程的建造物、构筑物和相关配套设施等所举行的勘察、计划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
5. 马路工程highway engineering10. 建造物（构筑物）construction works房屋建造或土木工程中的单项工程实体。
11. 结构structure12. 基础foundation13. 地基foundation soil; subgrade; subbase; ground14. 木结构timber structure16. 钢结构steel structure17. 混凝土（砼）结构concrete structure18. 特种工程结构special engineering structure22. 马路highway24. 高速马路freeway27. 铁路（铁道）railway; railroad28. 标准轨距铁路standard gauge railway29. 宽轨距铁路broad gauge railway第四节桥、涵洞和隧道术语1. 桥bridge2. 简支梁桥simple supported girder bridge3. 延续梁桥continuous girder bridge5. 斜拉（斜张）桥cable stayed bridge6. 悬索（吊）桥suspension bridge7. 桁架桥trussed bridge9．刚构（刚架）桥rigid frame bridge10．拱桥arch bridge13．正交桥right bridge14．斜交桥skew bridge16．高架桥viaduct17．正（主）桥main span18．引桥approach span19．弯桥curved bridge21．马路铁路两用桥combined bridge; highway and railway transit bridge 25．桥跨结构（上部结构）bridge superstructure26．桥面系bridge floor system27．桥支座bridge bearing; bridge support28．桥下部结构bridge substructure29．索塔（桥塔）bridge tower30．桥台abutment31．桥墩pier32．涵洞culvert第六节结构构件和部件术语1．构件member2．部件component; assembly parts3．截面section4．梁beam; girder5．拱arch6．板slab; plate8．柱column10．桁架truss11．框架frame12．排架bent frame13．刚架（刚构）rigid frame14．简支梁simply supported beam15．悬臂梁cantilever beam16．两端固定梁beam fixed at both ends17．延续梁continuous beam19．桩pile20．板桩sheet pile34. 钢轨rail第七节地基和基础术语1. 扩展(扩大)基础spread foundation2. 刚性基础rigid foundation3. 自立基础single footing4. 联合基础combined footing5. 条形基础strip foundation6. 壳体基础shell foundation7. 箱形基础box foundation8. 筏形基础raft foundation9. 桩基础pile foundation10. 沉井基础open caisson foundation11. 管柱基础cylinder pile foundation ; cylinder caisson foundation12. 沉箱基础caisson foundation1. 可靠性reliability2. 安全性safety3. 适用性serviceability4. 耐久性durability5. 基本变量basic variable6. 设计基准期design reference period7. 可靠概率probability of survival8. 失效概率probability of failure9. 可靠指标reliability index12. 概率设计法probabilistic method13. 容许应力设计法permissible (allowable) stresses method14. 破坏强度设计法ultimate strength method15. 极限状态设计法limit states method16. 极限状态limit states17. 极限状态方程limit state equation18. 承载能力极限状态ultimate limit states19. 正常使用极限状态serviceability limit states20. 分项系数partial safety factor21. 设计情况design situation22. 持久情况persistent situation23. 短暂情况transient situation24. 偶尔情况accidental situation1. 作用action2. 荷载load3. 线分布力force per unit length4. 面分布力force per unit area5. 体分布力force per unit volume6. 力矩moment of force7. 永远作用permanent action8. 可变作用variable action9. 偶尔作用accidental action10．固定作用fixed adtion11．自由(可动)作用. Free action12. 静态作用static action13. 动态作用dynamic action14. 多次重复作用repeated action; cyclic action16. 自重self weight17. 施工荷载site load18. 土压力earth pressure19. 温度作用temperature action20. 地震作用earthquake action22．风荷载wind load23．风振wind vibration24. 雪荷载snow load27．桥（桥梁）荷载load on bridge28．桥（桥梁）恒荷载dead load on bridge29．桥（桥梁）活荷载live load on bridge30．马路车辆荷载标准Standard highway vehicle load31．中国铁路标准活载Standard Railway Live Load Specified by the People’sRepublic of China44．作用代表值representative value of an action45．作用标准值characteristic value of an action46．作用准永远值quasi-permanent value of an action47．作用组合值combination value of actions48．作用分项系数partial safety factor for action49．作用设计值design value of an action50．作用组合值系数coeffcient for combination value of actions 51．作用效应effects of actions52．作用效应系数coefficient of effects of actions53．轴向力normal force\axial force54．剪力shear force55．弯矩bending moment57．扭矩torque58．应力stress59．正应力normal stress60．剪应力shear stress; tangential stress61．主应力principal stress62．预应力prestress63．位移displacement64．挠度deflection65．变形deformation66．弹性变形elastic deformation67．塑性变形plastic deformation70．应变strain71．线应变linear strain72．剪应变shear strain; tangential strain73．主应变principal strain74．作用效应组合combination for action effects75．作用效应基本组合fundamental combination for action effects 77．短期效应组合combination for short-term action effects 78．持久效应组合combination for long-term action effects 79．设计限值limiting design value1．抗力resistance2．强度strength3．抗压强度compressive strength4．抗拉强度tensile strength5．抗剪强度shear strength6．抗弯强度flexural strength7．屈服强度yield strength8．疲劳强度fatigue strength9．极限应变ultimate strain10．弹性模量modulus of elasticity11.剪变模量shear modulus12．变形模量modulus of deformation13．泊松比Poisson ratio14．承载能力bearing capacity15．受压承载能力compressive capacity16．受拉承载能力tensile capacity17．受剪承载能力shear capacity18．受弯承载能力flexural capacity19．受扭承载能力torsional capacity20．疲劳承载能力fatigue capacity21．刚度stiffness; rigidity22．抗裂度crack resistance23．极限变形ultimate deformation24．稳定性stability26．脆性破坏brittle failure27．延性破坏ductile failure30．材料性能分项系数partial safety factor for property of material。
土木工程专业英语词汇(整理版)
第一局部必须掌握，第二局部尽量掌握第一局部：1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法2 专业英语Specialty English3 水利工程Hydraulic Engineering4 土木工程Civil Engineering5 地下工程Underground Engineering6 岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering7 道路工程Road (Highway) Engineering8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering9 隧道工程Tunnel Engineering10 工程力学Engineering Mechanics11 交通工程Traffic Engineering12 港口工程Port Engineering13 平安性safety17木结构timber structure18 砌体结构masonry structure19 混凝土结构concrete structure20 钢结构steelstructure21 钢-混凝土复合结构steel and concrete composite structure22 素混凝土plain concrete23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete24 钢筋rebar25 预应力混凝土pre-stressed concrete26 静定结构statically determinate structure27 超静定结构statically indeterminate structure28 桁架结构truss structure29 空间网架结构spatial grid structure30 近海工程offshore engineering31 静力学statics32运动学kinematics33 动力学dynamics34 简支梁simply supported beam35 固定支座fixed bearing36弹性力学elasticity37 塑性力学plasticity38 弹塑性力学elaso-plasticity39 断裂力学fracture Mechanics40 土力学soil mechanics41 水力学hydraulics42 流体力学fluid mechanics43 固体力学solid mechanics44 集中力concentrated force45 压力pressure46 静水压力hydrostatic pressure47 均布压力uniform pressure48 体力body force49 重力gravity 50 线荷载line load51 弯矩bending moment52 torque 扭矩53 应力stress54 应变stain55 正应力normal stress56 剪应力shearing stress57 主应力principal stress58 变形deformation59 内力internal force60 偏移量挠度deflection61 settlement 沉降62 屈曲失稳buckle63 轴力axial force64 允许应力allowable stress65 疲劳分析fatigue analysis66 梁beam67 壳shell68 板plate69 桥bridge70 桩pile71 主动土压力active earth pressure72 被动土压力passive earth pressure73 承载力load-bearing capacity74 水位water Height75 位移displacement76 结构力学structural mechanics77 材料力学material mechanics78 经纬仪altometer79 水准仪level80 学科discipline81 子学科sub-discipline82 期刊journal ,periodical83文献literature84 ISSN International Standard Serial Number 国际标准刊号85 ISBN International Standard Book Number 国际标准书号86 卷volume87 期number 88 专著monograph89 会议论文集Proceeding90 学位论文thesis, dissertation91 专利patent92 档案档案室archive93 国际学术会议conference94 导师advisor95 学位论文辩论defense of thesis96 博士研究生doctorate student97 研究生postgraduate98 EI Engineering Index 工程索引99 SCI Science Citation Index 科学引文索引100ISTP Index to Science and Technology Proceedings 科学技术会议论文集索引101 题目title102 摘要abstract103 全文full-text104 参考文献reference105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation106 主题词Subject107 关键字keyword108 ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers 美国土木工程师协会109 FHWA Federal Highway Administration 联邦公路总署110 ISO International Standard Organization111 解析方法analytical method112 数值方法numerical method113 计算computation114 说明书instruction第二局部：岩土工程专业词汇1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程2.foundation engineering根底工程3.soil, earth土4.soil mechanics土力学cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5.soil dynamics土动力学6.stress path应力路径7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类 1.residual soil残积土 groundwater level地下水位 2.groundwater 地下水 groundwater table地下水位 3.clay minerals粘土矿物 4.secondary minerals次生矿物 ndslides滑坡 6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图 7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察 8.boulder漂石 9.cobble卵石 10.gravel砂石 11.gravelly sand砾砂 12.coarse sand粗砂 13.medium sand中砂 14.fine sand细砂 15.silty sand粉土 16.clayey soil粘性土 17.clay粘土 18.silty clay粉质粘土 19.silt粉土 20.sandy silt砂质粉土 21.clayey silt粘质粉土 22.saturated soil饱和土 23.unsaturated soil非饱和土 24.fill (soil)填土 25.overconsolidated soil超固结土 26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土 27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土 28.zonal soil区域性土 29.soft clay软粘土 30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土 31.peat泥炭 32.loess黄土 33.frozen soil冻土 24.degree of saturation饱和度 25.dry unit weight干重度26.moist unit weight湿重度45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Ge otechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law 达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowing soil流土4.sand boiling砂沸5.flow net流网6.seepage渗透〔流〕7.leakage渗流8.seepage pressure渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.seepage force渗透力11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度 12.coefficient of permeability 渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1.soft soil软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩〔负〕摩阻力3.effective stress有效应力4.total stress总应力5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度6.low activity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxial test三轴试验9.foundation design根底设计 10.recompaction再压缩11.bearing capacity承载力 12.soil mass土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力〔压力〕14.concentrated load集中荷载 15.a semi-infinite elastic solid 半无限弹性体 16.homogeneous均质 17.isotropic各向同性 18.strip footing条基 19.square spread footing方形独立根底20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层〔土〕21.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载 22.live load活载 23.short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load长期荷载 25.reduced load折算荷载 26.settlement沉降 27.deformation变形 28.casing套管 29.dike=dyke堤〔防〕 30.clay fraction粘粒粒组 31.physical properties物理性质 32.subgrade路基 33.well-graded soil级配良好土 34.poorly-graded soil级配不良土 35.normal stresses正应力 36.shear stresses剪应力 37.principal plane主平面38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大〔中、最小〕主应力 39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件 40.FEM=finite element method有限元法41.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法42.pore water pressure孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数46 pression index压缩指数 47.swelling index回弹指数 48.geostatic stress自重应力 49.additional stress附加应力 50.total stress总应力 51.final settlement最终沉降 52.slip line滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降水 1 excavation开挖〔挖方〕 2 dewatering 〔基坑〕降水 3 failure of foundation基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave 〔基坑〕底隆起6 retaining wall挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布 8 dewatering method降低地下水位法 9 well point system 井点系统〔轻型〕 10 deep well point深井点 11 vacuum well point真空井点 12 braced cuts支撑围护 13 braced excavation支撑开挖 14 braced sheeting支撑挡板七. 深根底--deep foundation 1.pile foundation桩根底1)cast –in-place灌注桩 diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩 bored pile钻孔桩 special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩 piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩 rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩根底 drilled-pier foundation 钻孔扩底墩 under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4)steel pile钢桩 steel pipe pile钢管桩 steel sheet pile钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩 prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩 2.caisson foundation沉井〔箱〕 3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙 4.friction pile摩擦桩 5.end-bearing pile端承桩 6.shaft竖井；桩身 7.wave equation analysis波动方程分析 8.pile caps承台〔桩帽〕 9.bearing capacity of single pile 单桩承载力 teral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验 11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力 12.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验 13.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力 14.low pile cap低桩承台 15.high-rise pile cap高桩承台 16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力 17.silent piling静力压桩 18.uplift pile抗拔桩 19.anti-slide pile抗滑桩20.pile groups群桩 21.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数〔η〕22.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应 23.dynamic pile testing 桩基动测技术24.final set最后贯入度 25.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验 27.pile head=butt桩头 28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端〔头〕 29.pile spacing 桩距30.pile plan桩位布置图 31.arrangement of piles =pile layout 桩的布置32.group action群桩作用 33.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻 34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻35.pile cushion桩垫 36.pile driving(by vibration) 〔振动〕打桩 37.pile pulling test拔桩试验 38.pile shoe桩靴 39.pile noise打桩噪音 40.pile rig打桩机九. 固结consolidation1.Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2.Barraon’s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论3.Biot’s consolidation theory比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil超固结土6.excess pore water pressure超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation一维固结9.primary consolidation主固结10.secondary consolidation次固结11.degree of consolidation固结度 12.consolidation test固结试验 13.consolidation curve固结曲线 14.time factor Tv时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结十. 抗剪强度shear strength 1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength剩余强度3.long-term strength长期强度4.peak strength峰值强度5.shear strain rate剪切应变速率6.dilatation剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法 8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法 9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论 10.angle of internal friction内摩擦角 11.cohesion粘聚力 12.failure criterion破坏准那么 13.vane strength十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter有效应力强度参数十一. 本构模型--constitutive model1.elastic model弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model边界面模型6.Duncan-Chang model邓肯－张模型7.rigid plastic model 刚塑性模型8.cap model盖帽模型9.work softening加工软化 10.work hardening加工硬化 11.Cambridge model剑桥模型 12.ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型 13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔－库仑屈服准那么14.yield surface屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型 16.elastic modulus弹性模量 17.Winkler foundation model 文克尔地基模型十二. 地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil 1.punching shear failure冲剪破坏 2.general shear failure整体剪切破化 3.local shear failure局部剪切破坏 4.state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力 8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力十三. 土压力--earth pressure1.active earth pressure主动土压力2.passive earth pressure 被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest静止土压力4.Coulomb’s earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论5.Rankine’s earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论十四. 土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis1.angle of repose休止角2.Bishop method毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope边坡稳定平安系数4.Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method 条分法十五. 挡土墙--retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall根底墙3.counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙十六. 板桩结构物--sheet pile structure 1.steel sheet pile钢板桩 2.reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩 3.steel piles钢桩 4.wooden sheet pile木板桩 5.timber piles木桩十七. 浅根底--shallow foundation 1.box foundation箱型根底 2.mat(raft) foundation片筏根底 3.strip foundation条形根底 4.spread footing扩展根底 5 pensated foundation补偿性根底 6.bearing stratum持力层 7.rigid foundation刚性根底 8.flexible foundation柔性根底9.embedded depth of foundation根底埋置深度 foundation pressure基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部结构－根底－地基共同作用分析十八. 土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils动强度2.wave velocity method 波速法3.material damping材料阻尼4.geometric damping 几何阻尼5.damping ratio阻尼比6.initial liquefaction初始液化7.natural period of soil site地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切模量 9.dynamic ma 二十. 地基根底抗震1.earthquake engineering地震工程 2.soil dynamics土动力学 3.duration of earthquake地震持续时间 4.earthquake response spectrum地震反响谱 5.earthquake intensity地震烈度 6.earthquake magnitude 震级 7.seismic predominant period地震卓越周期 8.maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度二十一. 室内土工实验 1.high pressure consolidation test高压固结试验 2.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结试验 3.falling head permeability变水头试验4.constant head permeability常水头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test不固结不排水试验(UU)6.consolidated undrained triaxial test固结不排水试验(CU)7.consolidated drained triaxial test固结排水试验(CD)8 paction test击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test固结快剪试验10.quick direct shear test快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test慢剪试验12.sieve analysis筛分析 13.geotechnical model test土工模型试验 14.centrifugalmodel test离心模型试验15.direct shear apparatus直剪仪 16.direct shear test直剪试验 17.direct simple shear test直接单剪试验18.dynamic triaxial test三轴试验 19.dynamic simple shear动单剪 20.free〔resonance〕vibration column test自(共)振柱试验二十二. 原位测试1.standard penetration test (SPT)标准贯入试验 2.surface wave test (SWT)外表波试验 3.dynamic penetration test(DPT)动力触探试验 4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验 5.plate loading test静力荷载试验 teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验 7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验 8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验 9.screw plate test螺旋板载荷试验 10.pressuremeter test旁压试验 11.light sounding轻便触探试验 12.deep settlement measurement深层沉降观测 13.vane shear test十字板剪切试验 14.field permeability test现场渗透试验 15.in-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测 16.in-situ soil test原位试验。
建筑专业英语词汇（I-K）_建筑英语词汇
i beam 工字梁i beam column 工字梁柱i girder 工字形大梁i iron 工字钢i section 字形剖面ice 冰ice admixture 冰掺料ice apron 桥墩的破冰构造ice cellar 冰窖ice concrete 冰混凝土ice dam 冰坝ice drift 淌凌ice gate 排冰门ice house 冰库ice load 冰荷载ice loading 冰荷载ice pressure 冰压力ice regime 冰况ice rink 溜冰场ice run 淌凌illuminating engineering 照盲程学illumination 照明illuminator 照明illustration 图解说明imaginary hinge 虚铰imhoff tank 双层沉淀池immature concrete 未凝结的混凝土immediate deformation 瞬时变形immersed tunnel 沉埋式隧道immersion needle 振动针immersion vibrator 插入式振捣器impact 冲击碰撞impact bending strength 冲挥曲强度impact compacter 冲换具impact crusher 冲唤破碎机impact damage 冲火坏impact driven pile 冲划impact electric wrench 冲唤电气板钳impact factor 冲坏数impact load 冲簧载impact loss 冲火失impact noise 冲浑音impact pile driver 冲唤打桩机impact pressure 冲还力impact resistance 冲豢度impact screen 撞桓impact strength 冲豢度impact stresses 冲沪力impact test 冲辉验impact wrench 冲唤板手impactor 冲黄碎机impeller pump 叶轮泵impending slough 稠度imperfect frame 不完全框架imperfect well 不完全井impermeability factor 不透水系数impermeable rock 不透水岩impervious blanket 不透水面层impervious core 不透水心墙impervious course 不透水层impervious diaphragm 不透水性隔膜impervious layer 不透水层impervious soils 不透水土壤implementation of program 计划执行imposed load 酌荷载imposition of the prestress 预应力的强加impost 窗框的竖框impounded water 积滞水impounding dam 滞水坝impounding reservoir 蓄水池impoundment 汇水impregnation 浸透improved alignment 改善的线路improved grass 改良草坪improved land 改良地improved wood 改良木材improvement area 改建区impurity 杂质in built furniture 嵌墙式家具in place slump test 现场坍落度试验in situ concrete 就地浇混凝土in situ concrete pile 就地浇筑混凝土桩in situ construction 现场浇筑构造in situ overhaul 现场检修in situ test 就地试验inaccuracies of fabrication 建造不准确度inch 英寸incidental load 偶然荷载incinerator 焚化炉inclination 倾斜inclination of roof 屋顶斜度inclined axis mixer 斜轴拌和机inclined cableway 倾斜死inclined end post 桁架的末端支撑inclined gallery 倾斜走廊inclined intake 倾斜进水口inclined links 倾斜箍筋inclined plane 斜面inclinometer 测斜仪inclosure wall 围墙incombustible construction 耐火结构incomplete well 未完成井incompletely compacted concrete 捣实不足的混凝土increaser 异径接管increments of settlement 沉陷的增大incrustation 嵌入装饰;结壳;水垢indelible pencil 消不去的铅笔indented bars 螺纹钢筋indented wire 刻痕钢丝indenting roller 凹纹压路机independent foundation 独立基础independent modern industry 自立的现代工业indeterminate structure 超静定结构index 指数index of cementation 粘结性指数index of construction cost 建筑费指数index of liquidity 怜性指数index of plasticity 塑性指数index properties 指标特性indian ink 墨indicator 指示器indicator paper 试纸indirect evaporation air conditioner 间接蒸发空气第机indirect expansion system 间接蒸发冷却式空气第系统indirect heating 间接加热indirect hot water supply 间接热水供给indirect illumination 间接照明indirect type fixture 间接照描备individual base 独立基础individual batcher 分批计量计individual construction 个体建筑indoor climate 室内微气候indoor lighting 户内照明indoor piping 室内管道indoor stadium 体育馆indoor swimming pool 室内游泳池indoor temperature 室内温度induced draft 诱导通风induced draft fan 排气式通风机induction air conditioning system 吸气式空气第系统induction flowmeter 感应量计induction furnace 感应电炉induction welding 感应焊接industrial air conditioning 工业空第industrial architecture 工业建筑industrial building 工厂厂房industrial construction 工业建筑industrial development area 工业发展区industrial housing 工业化房屋建筑industrial noise 工业噪声industrial occupancy 工业区industrial sewage 工业污水industrial town 工业城镇industrial waste water 工业污水industrial water 工业用水industrialization of construction industry 建筑工业化industrialized building 工业化建筑industrialized building system 工业化建筑系统industrialized production of houses 房屋的工业化建造industry 工业inelastic behavior 非弹性行为inelastic buckling 非弹性弯曲inelastic deformation 非弹性变形inelastic range 非弹性范围inelastic strain 非弹性变形inertia 惯性inertia effect 惯性效果inferior concrete 蛮石混凝土infilled wall 填充墙infiller panel 内镶嵌板infilling 填充infilling masonry 填实空隙圬工infiltration 渗透infiltration area 渗透区infiltration coefficient 渗滤系数infiltration head 渗滤压头infiltration heat loss 渗入热耗infiltration routing 渗透计算inflammation 发火inflatable structures 充气式结构inflatable void formers 充气多孔形成机inflating medium 膨胀介质inflation system 充气系统inflected arch 倒拱inflexion 弯曲inflow 岭influence area 影响区influence basin 影响范围influence line 影响线influence line for reaction 反力影响线influence line of reactions 支座反力影响线influent 岭infrared drying 红外线干燥infrared element 红外线加热器infrared heating 红外线取暖infrared pavement heater 红外线铺面加热器infrared radiation 红外辐射infrared radiator 红外线辐射器infrared ray curing 红外线养护infrared rays 红外线infrastructure 下部结构ingredient 组成部分ingredients of concrete 混凝土成分ingress of ground water 地下水侵入inherent moisture of aggregates 骨料的水分含量inherent settlement 固有沉陷inhibiting agent 抑制剂inhibiting pigment 防蚀颜料initial condition 起始条件initial cost 初投资initial data 原始数据initial design 原设计initial drying shrinkage 原始干缩initial investment 初期投资initial prestress 初预应力initial rate of absorption 吸收初速率initial set 初凝initial setting time 初凝时间initial strength 初始强度initial stress 初应力injected foundation 注入式基础injecting grout 注入灌浆injection 注入injection gallery 灌入通道injection hole 注入孔injection lance 喷枪injection mortar 注入灰浆injection of grout 水泥薄浆灌入injector 注入器ink drafting 墨水绘制inland harbour 河港inland waterway 内陆水路inlet 进口inlet grating 进水口帘格inlet opening 岭口inlet sill 进口底槛inlet structure 进口建筑物inlet well 集水井;注浆钻孔inner door 内针门inner face 内表面inner forces 内力inner garden 内院inner slope 内坡inner span 内跨度input data 输入数据insect damage 虫害inside casing 内框inside door 内门inside wall 内侧壁insolation 日射inspection 检查inspection cap 检查口盖inspection certificate 技术检查报告inspection chamber 检查人孔inspection cock 检查阀inspection cover 检查盖inspection door 检查口inspection eye 检查孔inspection gallery 检查廊道inspection hole 检查口inspection list 检查单inspection manhole 检查人孔inspector 验收员instability 不稳定性installation 安装;装置installation drawing 安装图installation work 安装工作installed capacity 设备容量installed power 设备容量instant lock 自动锁instantaneous center of rotation 瞬时旋转中心instantaneous deformation 瞬时变形instantaneous elevator safeties 瞬间电梯保险锁instantaneous load 瞬间载荷instantaneous water heater 瞬时水加热器instrument 工具instrument panel 仪表板insulated column 独立柱insulated hot water heater 保温式水加热器insulating board 隔热板insulating brick 绝热砖insulating concrete 绝缘混凝土insulating fire brick 耐火砖insulating form board 保温木模板insulating glass unit 绝缘玻璃垫块insulating jacket 绝缘夹套insulating layer 绝缘层insulating paint 绝缘漆insulating paper 绝热纸insulating refractory 绝热耐火材料insulating slab 绝缘板insulating wall 绝缘墙insulating work 隔热工程insulation 绝缘insulation materials 绝缘材料insulation quilt 保温毡insulation sleeve 绝缘套管insulator 绝缝体insulator string 绝缘子串intake 吸入口intake construction 进水建筑物intake duct 吸入管道integral coloring 完全着色integral control 整体控制integral waterproofing 整体防水integrated ceiling 吊顶integrated distribution floor system 布置技术设施网的楼板integrated power grid 综合电力网intensity 强度intensity of illumination 照度intensity of light 光度intensity of load 荷载强度intensity of sound 声强度intensity parameter 强度参数interchange of air 空气交换interchange of energy 能量交换interchange of heat 热交换intercolumniation 柱间距intercupola 圆屋顶的中间隔层interdome 圆屋顶的中间隔层interfenestration 窗间墙宽度interference 干涉interference of light 光干涉interference of sound 声干涉interference settlement 干扰沉陷intergrating flow meter 累计量表intergrating heat meter 积算热量计interground addition 磨碎时的加入物interior 内部装饰interior architecture 室内建筑interior bridge support 桥墩interior casing 内框interior climate 室内微气候interior column 内柱interior designer 屋内设计者interior finish 室内装修interior glazed window 室内装玻璃的外墙窗interior illumination 户内照明interior lighting 户内照明interior of building 房屋内景interior span 内跨度interior support 内部支承interior temperature 室内温度interior type plywood 内部饰面胶合板interior wall 内墙interior wiring 户内布线interior works 室内工作interior zone 内部区域interjoist 搁栅间interlayer 隔层interlocking concrete blocks 嵌锁混凝土砖interlocking piles 联锁桩interlocking tile 联结的大型屋面槽瓦intermediate gate post 大门中间柱intermediate product 中间产物intermediate rafter 中间椽intermediate support 中间支点intermittent filter 间歇式滤器intermittent freezing 间歇冻结intermittent heating 周期式供热intermittent operation 间歇运行intermittent sand filter 周期式滤砂器intermittent type settling basin 间歇式沉淀池intermixing 混合intermixture 混合internal conditions 内部条件internal construction 内部结构internal diameter 内径internal forces 内力internal friction 内摩擦internal glazing 内部装配玻璃internal leaf 内部竖壁internal moment 内力矩internal skin 内部竖壁internal span 内跨度internal strain 内应变internal stress 内部应力internal vibrator 插入式振捣器internal wiring 内部线路internally indeterminate construction 内部超静定结构international friendship exhibition 国际友谊展览馆intersection 交叉intersection angle 转角intersection point 转交点interstices 间隙interval 区间intrados 拱的内表面inundation 侵水inundation zone 泛滥地区invert 倒拱inverted arch 倒拱inverted capacity 吸收容量inverted filter 反滤层inverted flat roof 倒置的平屋顶inverted siphon 倒虹吸管inverted t shaped footing 倒型基脚inverted u shaped precast concrete unit 倒u型预制钢筋混凝土部件investment 投资irish bridge 淹没桥iron 铁iron alumina ratio 铁矾土比iron bridge 铁桥iron cement 含铁水泥iron column 铁柱iron construction 铁结构iron core 铁心iron covering 铁盖iron paving 铸铁板铺面iron portland cement 矿渣硅酸盐水泥iron wire 铁线irregular aggregate 不均匀粒度骨料irregular curve 云形曲线规irregularly distributed load 不均匀分布荷载irrigation 灌溉irrigation canal 灌溉渠irrigation network 灌溉网irrigation requirement 灌溉需水量irrigation works 灌溉结构物island 岛isohypse 等高线isolated foundation 单独基础isolated pier 独立桥墩isolation 绝缘isolation joint 隔离接缝isolator 绝缘体isometric drawing 等距图isometric view 等视轴图isotherm 等温线italian roof 四坡屋顶jack 千斤顶;支柱jack arch 平拱jack horse 台架jack pile 用千斤顶压入桩jack plane 大刨jack rafter 小椽jack rib 短肋jack roll 手绞盘jack shore 千斤顶支柱jack truss 小桁架jack up rig 活动工捉台jackhammer 轻型凿岩机jacking 顶托jacking device 液压顶撑设备jacking force 千斤顶举升力jacking plate 举升垫板jackscrew 螺旋千斤顶jaw breaker 鄂式破机jaw crusher 鄂式破机jedding axe 鹤嘴斧jemmy 短橇棍jenny 移动起重机jesting beam 装饰梁jet action trencher 射两挖沟机jet pump 喷射泵jetcrete 喷浆混凝土jetted pile 水冲桩jettied construction 悬挑式建筑jetting 水力喷射jetting gear 水力开齿机jetty 建筑物的突出部分;堤防jib 起重机臂jib crab 吊杆车jib door 隐门jibcrane 动臂起重机jig 夹具jigger saw 线锯jigging chute 振动滑槽jigsaw 线锯jimmy 短橇棍jinnie wheel 单轮滑车job 工作工地job cleanup 建筑工地清理job mix 现场拌合混合料job mix concrete 现场搅拌混凝土job mix formula 现场拌合配方job plan 工组计划job practices 施工方法job site 施工现场job superintendent 建筑工地负责人job workshop 现场加工车间joiner 细木工人joiner's chisel 细木线规joiner's gauge 划线规joiner's glue 木工胶joinery 细木工工作细木工制成品joining balk 联系木梁joining means 连接措施joint 接缝joint angle 接合角钢joint box 接线盒joint cement 填缝水泥joint coupling 接头套管joint cutter 切缝机joint filler 填缝料joint free 无缝的joint grouting 接缝灌浆joint load 节点荷载joint mortar 接缝灰浆joint rigidity 节点刚性joint ring 密封环joint sawing 接缝锯开joint sealant 填缝料joint sealing compound 封缝止水合成物joint sealing machine 封缝机joint strip 嵌缝胶条joint tape 合缝带jointer plane 槽刨jointing 接缝jointing compound 油灰抹子jointing medium 勾缝填料jointing tool 缝抹子jointless flooring 无接缝地板jointless structure 无接缝结构joist 小梁joist ceiling 搁栅顶棚joisted floor 搁栅搂盖jolting table 振动台jolting vibrator 摇摆振动器jubilee wagon 翻斗车jumbo 凿岩台车jump 阶差jump forms 爬升模板jumping formwork 爬升模板junction box 接线盒junction plate 连接板just gap 间隙jut window 突出窗jute rope 黄麻绳k truss k 形桁架kangaroo tower crane 袋鼠型塔式起重机keel arch 波斯拱keene's cement 硬石膏胶结料keeping room 起居室kelly ball 凯氏球体贯入七kelly ball test 凯氏球体贯入试验kerb 路缘石kerb roof 顶搂屋顶kerf 锯缝key 楔key block 拱顶块石key bolt 键螺栓key brick 楔砖key for plaster 抹灰底层key hole saw 钢丝锯key joint pointing 凹形勾缝key plate 钥匙孔板key valve 楔阀keyed beam 键接梁keyed joint 键接keyed pointing 凹形勾缝keyhole saw 钢丝锯keying in 用石楔咬紧keystone 拱顶石kick atomizing pile hammer 打管形桩用柴油引擎锤kickplate 门脚护板kid 柴捆kieselguhr 硅藻土kieselguhr brick 硅藻土砖kiln 窑kiln brick 窑烘砖kindergarten 幼儿园kinematic viscosity 运动粘度kinetic head 动压头kinetics 动力学king closer 砍角砖king pile 之king post 桁架中柱kink 纽结kitchen 厨房kitchen building block unit 装配式厨房单元kitchen cabinet 厨房绸kitchen dining room 厨房餐室kitchen door 厨房门kitchen fittings 厨房设备kitchen furniture 厨房家具kitchenette 小厨房kite winder 转向斜踏步knapping machine 碎石机knapsack duster 背负式喷粉机knapsack sprayer 背负式喷粉机knee 弯管knee brace 角拉条knee piece 斜撑knee rafter 斜撑knee roof 变坡屋面knife edge loading 线荷载knife switch 刀形开关knob 球形把手;球形突出物knobbing 锤石knobbling 锤石knocked down building components 可拆卸的房屋构件knocked down frame 可拆卸的门框knocker 门环knot 结kraft 牛皮纸。
英语建筑词汇
.' （1）隧道图用缩略语英语词汇D&B 钻炸法（Drill and Blow）TBM 全断面隧道钻掘机（Tunnel Bore Machine）T.H. 上半断面（Top Height）B 台阶（Bench）I 仰拱（Invert）NATM 新奥工法（New Austrian Tunnel Method）RMR 岩体评分（Rock Mental Ratio）RQD 岩石品质指标（Rock Quality Directive）T.I. 临时仰拱（Temporary Invert）CCM 明挖覆盖工法（Cut and Cover Method）.' （2）结构图用缩略语英语翻译ALT 交错排列(Alternative)BOT 底（层）(Bottom)BT 弯(Bent)CL 净（保护层）(Clearance)CT 柱箍筋(Column Tie-Bar)EW 各方面(Each Way)FF 远侧(Far Face)Fc 混凝土设计强度（28天圆柱试体抗压强度）(Compressive Strength of Concrete)Fs 钢材抗拉强度(Tensile Strength of Steel)Fy 钢材降伏强度(Yield Strength of Steel)HSB 高强度螺栓(High Strength Bolt)HTS 高拉力钢绞线(High Tensile Strand)HTW 高拉力钢线(High Tensile Wire)IF 内面(Inner Face)NF 近侧(Near Face)OF 外侧(Outside Face)SP 螺旋筋(Spiral) STIR 箍筋(Stirrup)STR 直通(Straight)T&B 顶层及底层(Top and Bottom)W/C 水灰比(Water Cement Ratio)WWF 熔接钢线网(Weld Wire Fence)GWL 地下水位(Ground Water Level)HHWL 最高洪水位(Highest High Water Level)HWL 高水位(High Water Level)HWY 公路(Highway)INV 仰拱（沟、管）底(Invert)LWL 低水位(Lower Water Level) MSL 平均海平面(Mean Sea Level) MWL 平均水位(Mean Water Level) NWL 常水位(Normal Water Level) PC 无筋混凝土(Preplair Concrete) PG 纵坡(Profile Grade) PVCP 塑胶管(P.V.C Pipe) RC 钢筋混凝土(Reinforced Concrete) RCP 钢筋混凝土管(Reinforced Concrete Pipe) ROW 路权(Right of Way) RR 铁路(Rail Road) SE 超高(Super Elevation) SL 海平面(Sea Level) SRC 钢骨钢筋混凝土(Steel Reinforced Concrete) SSP 不銹钢管(Stainless Steel Pipe) STA 测站、桩号(Station) T/R 轨道顶(Top of Rail) WL 水位、水平面(Water Level) WWL 警戒水位(Warning Water Level)AFF 粉刷完成楼板面上（Above Finished Floor）CB 阴井(Catch Basin) CL 中心线(Center Line) C-C 中心到中心(Center to Center) COL??????.??? ? ????柱(Column).????CONC 混凝土(Concrete) CMU 混凝土空心砖(Concrete Masonry Unit) CJ 控制缝(Control Joint) CP 控制点(Control Point) DIA 直径(Diameter) DIM尺寸(Dimension) ???.???DN 向下(Down) DRG 图说(Drawings) EA 每个(Each) EL高程(Elevation) （按比例绘制的）建筑的立式图ELVR 电梯(Elevator) ????EQ 相等(Equivalent) ?????EXP 伸缩(Expansion) EJ 伸缩缝(Expansion Joint) FFL 粉刷（装修）楼板面高程(Finished Floor Level) FGL 粉刷（装修）地面高程(Finished Ground Level) FHC消防器(Fire Hydrant Cabinet)FLASH 盖板、遮雨板(Flash)FL 楼板(Floor) FD 地板落水(Floor Drainage) GALV 镀锌(Galvanized) GA 轨距/ 量规(Gauge) GLA 玻璃(Glass) GL 地面高程/ 地基高程(Ground Level) GYP 石膏板(Gypsum) ???JT 接缝(Joint)????KO 预留开口（孔）(Knock Out) MO 圬工(Masonry) R半径(Radius) RD ????????路(Road) RD 屋顶落水(Roof Drainage) RI 放样(Rough In) RM 房间(Room) SNV 卫生纸贩卖机(Sanitary Napkin Vending) SNR 卫生纸收集箱(Sanitary Napkin Receipt) S 南向(South) SPKR 扬声机(Speaker) SPEC规范说明(Specification) ???????SQ 广场(Square) SS??不銹钢(Stainless Steel)???? ??? ???STR 楼梯(Stair) STA 车站(Station)SCR 车站控制室(Station Control Room) ST 钢(Steel) STOR 储藏(Storage) ST 街(Street) SUSP 悬吊式(Suspended) SYS 系统(System) TEL 电话(Telephone) TELENCL 电话箱(Telephone Control) TV 电视(Television) TERR 磨石子(Terrazzo)THK 厚(Thickness) TYP 标准型式(Typical) U/G 地下(Under Ground) UP 向上(Up) VENT通风(Ventilation) VERT 垂直(Vertical) WC 大便器(Water Closet) WT 重量(Weight) W 西向/ 宽度或木料(West / Width / Wood) W/ 含… / 及… (Wit h) W/O 不含… (Without) WD 木料(Wood) WP 工作点(Working Point)（5）土木工程常用缩略语ABUT 桥墩(Abutment) C-C 中心到中心(Center to Center) CCTV 闭路电视(Closed Circuit Television) CONC 混凝土(Concrete) CC 施工契约(Construction Contract) C&C 明挖覆盖(Cut and Cover) DDCs 详细设计顾问(Detail Design Consultants) DIA 直径(Diameter) DN 向下(Down) DRG 图说(Drawings) E 东向(East) EMU 电联车(Electric Multiple Unit) EL 高程(Elevation) EQ 相等(Equivalent) ECS 环境控制系统(Environmental Control System) EXC 开挖(Excavation) EXIST 现有(Existing) EGL 现有地面高程(Exist Ground Level) EXP 伸缩(Expansion) FRC 强化玻璃纤维混凝土(Fiber Glass Reinforced Concrete) FIN 粉刷（装修）(Finishing) FFL 粉刷（装修）楼板面高程(Finished Floor Level) FGL 粉刷（装修）地面高程(Finished Ground Level) FL 楼板(Floor) FDN 基础(Foundation) GC 总顾问(General Consultants) GL 地面高程、地基高程(Ground Level) HOR 水平(Horizontal) HR 时(Hour) ID 内径(Inside Diameter) IL 仰拱面高程(Invert Level) MH 人孔(Manhole) MRT 大眾捷运系统(Mass Rapid Transportation) ML 衔接线(Match Line) MCT 中运量捷运系统(Middle Capacity Transportation) N 北向(North) NIC 契约外(Not In Contract) NTS 不按比例(Not To Scale) PCC 预铸混凝土(Precast Concrete) PRC 预铸钢筋混凝土(Precast Reinforcement Concrete) PSC 预力混凝土(Prestressed C oncrete) RC 钢筋混凝土(Reinforced Concrete) RD 道路(Road) SECT 断面(Section) SQ 方形/ 平方/ 正方(Square) STA 车站(Station) TEL 电话(Telephone) TYP 标准型式(Typical) UP 向上(Up)装配式预制precast 安装预应力prestressed 连续多跨Multi-spans continuous 刚构rigid frame 受力load-carrying capability 等截面uniform section 拼接splice 跨越spanning 支架scaffoldings 模板formwork 跨线桥overpass bridge 最优化optimization 三跨three-span 结构优化设计optimum design of structures-program 单墩single pier 主梁girder断面deck/section 边、中跨径side span & middle spin 空心板梁hollow slab beam 工字形箱H-shaped box 板箱梁slab box beam 主梁截面girder section 中等(30～50米)的主跨跨径范围medium range of main span 刚度比ratio of rigidity V形墩V-shaped pier V形斜撑V-shaped inclined strut 与水平线夹角included angle with level lineplan 设计图town planning 城市规划Doric 多利安式Ionic 爱奥尼亚式Corinthian 科林斯式Composite 混合式Tuscan order 托斯卡纳式Gothic 哥特式flamboyant Gothic 哥特式的火焰状饰Romanesque 罗马式barroque 巴洛克式plateresque 带复杂花叶形装饰的rococo 洛可可式building 建筑物arch 拱vault 穹顶ogive 葱形饰;尖形拱顶facade 侧面frontispiece 三角墙,山墙column 柱pilaster 壁柱,半露柱pediment 山墙饰,山花fronton 山墙ground plan 平面图floor, storey 层ground floor 第一层(美作:first floor)flat 套(美作:apartment)stair well 楼梯间lift shaft 电梯,升降梯(美作:elevator shaft) fire escape 防火梯staircase 楼梯lift 电梯(美作:elevator)goods lift 公务电梯(美作:freight elevator) central heating 暖气ventilation shaft 通风井air conditioning 空调air-conditioned 带空调的flooring (一块)地板floorboard 地板(总称)parquet 木条地板herringbone parquet 人字形木条地板tile 瓷砖terrazzo 磨石子地wall 墙main wall 承重墙partition wall 隔断墙plastering 抹灰skirting board 壁脚板to whitewash 粉刷facade 建筑物正面window 窗basement 地下室penthouse 遮檐,披屋attic, garret 阁楼kitchen 厨房dining room 饭厅living room 起居室lounge 吸烟室,大厅bathroom 浴室toilet 卫生间chimney 烟囱fireplace 壁炉gutter 排水沟drainpipe 雨水管,落水管ceiling 天花板flat roof, roof garden 屋顶平台,屋顶花园roof 屋瓦顶tile, roof tile 瓦property 物业，资产interest 产权subsidiary 附属机构，子公司valuation 评估open market value 公开市场价值leaseback 售后回租（即租回已出售的财产）on a residual basis 剩余法capital value 资本价值cost of development 开发费（指拆迁费，七通一平费等）professional fee 专业人员费（指勘察设计费等）finance costs 融资成本（指利息等）sale proceeds 销售收益on the basis of capitalisation 资本还原法floor area 建筑面积title document 契约文书land use certificate 土地使用证commercial/residential complex 商住综合楼land use fee 土地使用费（获得土地使用权后，每年支付国家的使用土地费用）Grant Contract of Land Use Right 土地使用权出让合同plot ratio 容积率.' site coverage 建筑密度land use term 土地使用期project approval 项目许可planning approval 规划许可commission 佣金permit 许可证business license 营业执照strata-title 分层所有权public utilities 公共设施urban planning 城市规划state-owned land 国有土地fiscal allotment 财政拨款grant or transfer 出让或转让the Municipal Land Administration Bureau 市土地管理局infrastructure 基础设施financial budget 财政预算public bidding 公开招标auction 拍卖negotiation /agreement协议&nbsland efficiency 土地效益location classification 地段等级projecting parameter 规划参数government assignment 政府划拨administrative institution 行政事业单位key zones for development 重点开发区tract 大片土地biding document 标书prerequisitioned land 预征土地competent authorities 主管部门construction project 建设项目planning permit of construction engineering 建设工程规划许可证go through the formalities 办手续comprehensive sub-areas 综合分区reconstruction of old area 旧区改造purchasing power 购买力property trust 物业信托equity 权益cash flows 现金流量appreciation 增值disposition 处置hedge 保值措施income tax shelter 收入税的庇护downturn （经济）衰退wealth maximisation 最大限度的增加财产(同其他投资相比)forecast 预测rules-of-thumb techniques 经验法mortgage lender 抵押放贷者vacancy 空房discounted cash flow models 折现值现金流量模型expectation 期望值letting 出租equity reversion 权益回收bad debts 坏帐depreciation allowances 折旧费supplies 日常用品utilities 公共事业设备allowances for repairs and maintenance 维修费unpaid mortgage balance 抵押贷款欠额stamp duty印花税recession 衰退<br>overproduction 生产过剩glut 供过于求high-technology 高科技investment strategy投资策略circulation 发行量entrepreneur 倡导者，企业家coliseum 大体育场，大剧院chambers （商业资本家联合组织的）会所arena 室内运动场socioeconomic status 社会经济地位amenities 便利设施condominium 个人占有公寓房，一套公寓房的个人所有权income bracket 收入档次tenement 分租合住的经济公寓area code （电话）地区代码community 社区assessment 估价downzone 降低区划规模housing residences住宅to build, to construct 建设，建筑，修建architecture 建筑学building 修筑，建筑物house 房子skyscraper摩天大楼block of flats 公寓楼（美作：apartment block）monument 纪念碑palace 宫殿temple 庙宇basilica 皇宫，教堂cathedral 大教堂church教堂tower 塔，塔楼ten-storey office block 十层办公大楼column 柱colonnade 柱列arch 拱town planning 市政（美作：city planning）building permission 营建许可证，建筑开工许可证greenbelt 绿地elevation 建筑物的三面图plan 设计图scale 比例尺to prefabricate 预制excavation挖土，掘土foundations 基to lay the foundations打地基course of bricks 砌好的砖列scaffold脚手架scaffolding脚手架质量合格证书certification of fitness原材料raw material底板bottom plate垫层cushion侧壁sidewall中心线center line条形基础strip footing附件accessories型钢profile steel钢板steel plate熔渣slag飞溅welding spatter定位焊tacking引弧generating of arc熄弧quenching of arc焊道welding bead坡口beveled edges外观检查visual inspection重皮doubleskin水平方向弧度radian in horizontal direction 成型molding直线度straightness accuracy焊缝角变形welding line angular distortion 水平度levelness铅垂度verticality翘曲变形buckling deformation角尺angle square对接焊缝butt weld母材parent metal法兰密封面flange sealing surface夹层interlayer表面锈蚀浓度surface corrosion concentration挠曲变bending deformation超声波探伤ultrasonic testing/ ultrasonic examination 压力容器pressure vessel预制下料prefabrication baiting排版直径set-type diameter焊缝welding line中幅板? center plate测量方法measuring method基准点datum mark跳焊skip welding允许偏差allowable variation补强板stiffening plate开孔tapping对接接头banjo fixing butt jointing角钢angle iron安装基准圆installation fundamental circle 吊装立柱hoisting upright column焊接钢管welded steel pipe向心斜拉筋centripetal canting pull rope 带板band plate槽钢胀圈channel steel expansion ring环口collar extension局部变形local distortion环缝circumferential weld顶板top plate拱顶vault顶板加强肋stiffening rib对接butt joint胎具clamping fixture卷板机plate bending rolls中心支架center bearing bracket椭圆度ovality等分线bisectrix搭接宽度lap width点焊spot welding搭接焊overlap welding对称：symmetrically螺旋爬梯cockle stairs放料阀baiting valve液位计content gauge充水试验filling water test错边量unfitness of butt joint底圈foundation ring真空度检漏vacuum degree leak test丁字焊缝tee welding渗透探伤oil whiting test充水试验filling water test内侧角焊缝接头interior angle welding line joint foundation settlement 基础沉降测量基准点datum mark稳定性试验stability test排气阀outlet valve角钢angle steel构件component part机械损伤mechanical damage缩孔shrinkage cavityenfoldment 折迭碳钢管carbon steel tube公称直径nominal diameter预埋件embedded part轴测图axonometric drawing布置图arrangement diagram氧乙炔气割oxyacetylene gas cutting 低合金钢管low alloy steel热影响区heat affected area修磨polish砂轮片grinding wheel等离子plasma panel重皮coldlap凹凸unevenness缩口necking down端面head face倾斜偏差dip deviation外径external diameter砂轮grinding wheel管件pipe casting单线图single line drawing平齐parallel and level两端two terminals满扣buckle螺栓紧固bolton周边periphery附加应力additional stress同轴度axiality平行度parallelism随机stochastic允许偏差allowable variation重直度verticality水平度levelness隔离盲板blind plate氩弧焊argon arc welding压盖螺栓gland bolt间距spacing有效期period of validity担任take charge of undertake焊条welding rod碳钢焊条carbon steel焊丝welding wire熔化焊melting钢丝steel wire气体保护焊gas shielded arc welding 烘干drying清洗ablution制度system焊接工艺welding procedure相应corresponding手工电弧焊manual electric arc welding 手工钨极manual tungsten electrode打底render电源power source交流alternating current主入口大门/岗亭(车行& 人行)MAIN ENTRANCE GATE/GUARD HOUSE(FOR VEHICLE& PEDESTRIAN )2.次入口/岗亭(车行& 人行) 2ND ENTRANCE GATE/GUARD HOUSE (FOR VEHICLE& PEDESTRIAN )3.商业中心入口ENTRANCE TO SHOPPING CTR.4.水景WATER FEATURE5.小型露天剧场MINI AMPHI-THEATRE6.迎宾景观-1 WELCOMING FEATURE-17.观景木台TIMBER DECK (VIEWING)8.竹园BAMBOO GARDEN9.漫步广场WALKWAY PLAZA10.露天咖啡廊OUT DOOR CAFE11.巨大迎宾水景-2 GRAND WELCOMING FEATURE-212.木桥TIMBER BRIDGE‘S13.石景、水瀑、洞穴、观景台ROCK‘SCAPE WATERFALL GROTTO/ VIEWING TERRACE14.吊桥HANGING BRIDGE15.休憩台地(低处) LOUNGING TERRACE (LOWER )16.休憩台地(高处) LOUNGING TERRACE (UPPER )17.特色踏步FEATURE STEPPING STONE18.野趣小溪RIVER WILD19.儿童乐园CHILDREN‘S PLAYGROUND20.旱冰道SLIDE21.羽毛球场BADMINTON COURT22.旱景DRY LANDSCAPE23.日艺园JAPANESE GARDEN24.旱喷泉DRY FOUNTAIN25.观景台VIEWING DECK26.游泳池SWIMMING POOL27.极可意JACUZZI28.嬉水池WADING POOL29.儿童泳池CHILDREN‘Ｓ POOL30.蜿蜒水墙WINDING W ALL31.石景雕塑ROCK SCULPTURE32.中心广场CENTRAL PLAZA33.健身广场EXERCISE PLAZA34.桥BRIDGE35.交流广场MEDITATING PLAZA36.趣味树阵TREE BATTLE FORMATION37.停车场PARING AREA38.特色花架TRELLIS39.雕塑小道SCULPTURE TRAIL40.(高尔夫)轻击区PUTTING GREEN41.高尔夫球会所GOLF CLUBHOUSE42.每栋建筑入口ENTRANCE PAVING TO UNIT43.篮球场BASKETBALL COURT44.网球场TENNIS COURT45.阶梯坐台/种植槽TERRACING SEATWALL/PLANTER46.广场MAIN PLAZA47.森林、瀑布FOREST GARDEN WATERFALL48.石景园ROCKERY GARDEN49.旱溪DRY STREAM50.凉亭PA VILION51.户外淋浴OUTDOOR SHOWER52.拉膜结构TENSILE STRUCTURE53.台阶STAIR54.高尔夫球车停车场PARKING ( GOLF CAR )55.健身站EXERCISE STATION56.晨跑小路JOGGING FOOTPATH57.车道/人行道DRIVEW AY /SIDEWALK58.人行漫步道PROMENADE59.瀑布及跳舞喷泉(入口广场) WATER FALL AND DANCING FOUNTAIN ( ENTRY PLAZA )60.特色入口ENTRY FEATURE61.石景广场ROCKERY PLAZA建筑类词汇（3）建筑工程专业英语词汇建设,建筑,修建to build, to construct建筑学architecture修筑,建筑物building房子house摩天大楼skyscraper公寓楼block of flats (美作:apartment block) 纪念碑monument宫殿palace庙宇temple皇宫,教堂basilica大教堂cathedral教堂church塔,塔楼tower十层办公大楼ten-storey office block柱column柱列colonnade拱arch市政town planning (美作:city planning)营建许可证,建筑开工许可证building permission 绿地greenbelt建筑物的三面图elevation设计图plan比例尺scale预制to prefabricate挖土,掘土excavation基foundations, base, subgrade打地基to lay the foundations砌好的砖列course of bricks脚手架scaffold, scaffolding质量合格证书certification of fitness 原材料raw material底板bottom plate垫层cushion侧壁sidewall中心线center line条形基础strip footing 附件accessories型钢profile steel钢板steel plate熔渣slag飞溅welding spatter 定位焊tacking引弧generating of arc熄弧quenching of arc焊道welding bead坡口beveled edges外观检查visual inspection重皮double-skin水平方向弧度radian in horizontal direction 成型molding直线度straightness accuracy焊缝角变形welding line angular distortion 水平度levelness铅垂度verticality翘曲变形buckling deformation角尺angle square对接焊缝butt weld母材parent metal法兰密封面flange sealing surface夹层interlayer表面锈蚀浓度surface corrosion concentration挠曲变bending deformation超声波探伤ultrasonic testing/ ultrasonic examination 压力容器pressure vessel预制下料prefabrication baiting排版直径set-type diameter焊缝welding line中幅板center plate测量方法measuring method基准点datum mark跳焊skip welding允许偏差allowable variation补强板stiffening plate开孔tapping对接接头banjo fixing butt jointing 角钢angle iron安装基准圆installation fundamental circle 吊装立柱hoisting upright column焊接钢管welded steel pipe向心斜拉筋centripetal canting pull rope 带板band plate槽钢胀圈channel steel expansion ring环口collar extension局部变形local distortion环缝circumferential weld顶板top plate拱顶vault顶板加强肋stiffening rib对接butt joint胎具clamping fixture卷板机plate bending rolls中心支架center bearing bracket 椭圆度ovality等分线bisectrix搭接宽度lap width点焊spot welding搭接焊overlap welding对称symmetrically螺旋爬梯cockle stairs放料阀baiting valve液位计content gauge芬兰维萨拉Vailsla OY美国美科"Met-coil, USA"集中式空调系统centralized air conditioning system 裙房annex热源heat source平面位置的空间space of planimetric position密封性能sealing performance机房machine room节点timing专业"profession or discipline 都可以,要根据上下文" 连体法兰coupling flange垂直井笼vertical well cage变风量variable air rate施工面展开construction unfolds违约行为noncompliance合同交底- contract presentation管理承包商Management Contractor party工程量work amount实施的形象进度progress of implementation完工资料as-built documentation文整clear-up审核review汽车式起重机Autocrane深化图纸deepen drawing设备配置计划equipment furnishment plan结构预埋配合阶段Structure pre-embedment assistance stage精装修阶段Fine fitment stage工程施工阶段Construction stage工程竣工阶段Completion stage台钻Bench drill冲击钻Churn drill手电钻Electric portable drill砂轮切割机Abrasive cutting off machine角钢卷圆机Angle iron rolling machine管道切断器Pipe cutting machine铜管调直机Copper pipe straightening machine 管道压槽机Book joint setting machine for pipes 管道压槽机Book joint setting machine for pipes 角向磨光机Angle polishing machine电动套丝机Electric threading machine电动卷扬机Electric winch电动试压泵Motor-driven pressure test pump手动试压泵Manual pressure test pump阀门试压机Valve pressure test device阀门试压机Valve pressure test deviceTDC(F)风管加工流水线TDC(F)air ductwork fabrication stream line等离子切割机Plasma cutting machineTDC(F)法兰条成型机TDC(F) flange strip shaping mill勾码成型机Forming machine for flange clampTDC(F)风管加工成型机TDC(F) duct fabrication shaping mill多普勒超声波流量检测仪Doppler ultrasonic flow detector 温、湿度传感器"Temperature, humidity senor"精密声级计Precision sound level meter风管漏风量测试仪、风室式漏风测试装置"Duct air leakage tester, airchamber air leakage testing device"风罩式风量测试仪Air hood air rate tester微压计、毕托管、热球（电）风速仪"Micromanometer , pitot tube, hot bulb(electrical) anemoscope"潜水泵Submerged pump电动弯管机Electric pipe bender铜管弯管机Copper pipe bender液压弯管机Hydraulic pipe bender 电动剪刀Electric clipper液压铆钉钳Hydraulic riveting clamp 线槽电锯Trunking electric saw开孔器Tapper电动空压机Electric air compressor 液压千斤顶Hydraulic jack液压手推车Hydraulic trolley焊条烘干箱Welding rod drying box 手拉葫芦Chain block道（垫）木Sleeper转速表Tachometer电流钳型表Clip-style ammeter压力表Pressure gauge接地电阻测试仪Earthing resistance testing device 氧气表Oxygen gauge乙炔表Acetylene gauge对讲机Walkie talkie文件和资料documents and information?建设单位Construction unit安装单位Installation unit。
隧道工程英语专业词汇
隧道工程英语专业词汇
隧道工程 tunnel engineering 隧道 tunnel 铁路隧道 ;铁道隧道 railway tunnel 公路隧道 highway tunnel 地铁隧道 subway tunnel;underground railway tunnel;metro tunnel 人行隧道 pedestrian tunnel 水工隧洞 ;输水隧道 hydraulic tunnel 山岭隧道 mountain tunnel 水下隧道 subaqueous tunnel 海底隧道 ;水下隧道 submarine tunnel;underwater tunnel 土质隧道 earth tunnel 岩石隧道 rock tunnel 浅埋隧道 shallow tunnel;shallow-depth tunnel;shallow burying tunnel 深埋隧道 deep tunnel;deep-depth tunnel;deep burying tunnel 偏压隧道 unsymmetrical loading tunnel 马蹄形隧道 ;拱形隧道 horse-shoe tunnel;arch tunnel 圆形隧道 circular tunnel 矩形隧道 rectangular section tunnel 大断面隧道 largecross-section tunnel 长隧道 long tunnel 双线隧道 twin-track tunnel;double track tunnel 曲线隧道 curved tunnel 明洞 open tunnel;opencut tunnel;tunnel without cover;gallery 隧道勘测 tunnel survey 超前探测 drift boring 工程地质勘测 ;工程地质勘探 engineering geological prospecting 隧道测量 tunnel survey 施工测量 construction survey 断面测量 section survey 隧道设计 tunnel design 隧道断面 tunnel section 安全系数 safety coefficient 隧道力学 tunnel mechanics 隧道结构 tunnel structure 隧道洞口设施 facilities of tunnel portal 边墙 side wall
建筑专业英语词汇（O-Q）_建筑英语词汇
o ring 圆形截面环oak 栎树oakum 麻絮obelisk 方尖碑object 对象object of construction production 工程项目oblique butt joint 斜对接oblique projection 斜投影oblique scarf 斜接榫oblique section 斜截面obscured glass 毛面玻璃observation 观测observation light 碍航物灯标observation of the work 操奏视observation point 观测点observational data 观测资料occupancy 居住occupancy load 收容能力;居住载荷occupancy rate 居住率occupant space requirements 居住空间标准occupants 居住者occupied zone 实占地域ocher 袅ochre 袅ocrate process 四氟化硅处理ocrated concrete 四氟化硅混凝土oder suppression 臭气排除odor 臭气odor control 四氟化硅处理odorimeter 气味计odour 臭气off center load 偏心荷重off formwork concreting 无模壳灌筑混凝土off grade size 不合格粒径off ground hauler 越野土运机off loading ramp 卸载斜坡道off peak electric heating 非峰期电供热off peak load 非峰值负载off peak period 非高峰时间off set joints 错缝off shore boring 海底钻探off shuttering concreting 无模壳灌筑混凝土off the site work 现场外工作office 机关office building 办公楼office furniture 办公室设备offset 突层offset bend 迂回管弯头offset yield strength 条件屈服强度offshore boring island 钻井平台offshore structures 海上结构物offstream storage 停运贮藏池ogee s形曲线ogee arch 葱形拱ogee curve s形曲线ohio cofferdam 俄亥俄围堰oil 油oil bath air filter 油浴空气过滤器oil buffer 液压缓冲器oil fired heater 烧油空气加热器oil fired heating system 烧油供热系统oil paint 油漆oil pipeline 油管oil stain 油蚀oil trap 集油器oil washed air cleaner 油浴空气过滤器oil well cement 油井水泥omnia concrete floor 咬封混凝土楼板omnia concrete plank 咬封混凝土板on job laboratory 工地实验室on off valve 双位阀on site connection 就地连接once through water supply system 单柳水系统ondol 炕one brick wall 单砖墙one centered arch 单心拱one coat work 单层粉刷one component material 单一性材料one degree system 单自由度系统one family dwelling 单户住宅one hand block 小型砌块one hand tile 小型砌块one hinged arch 单铰拱one off design 专用设计one off houses 临时房屋one pass aeration tank 单道曝气池one pipe circulation 单管式循环one pipe heating system 单管供热系统one pipe loop system 单管环路系统one pipe system 单管系统one room dwelling 单间住宅one roomed flat 单间公寓one side welding 单面焊one sided connection 单面连接one span two hinged frame 单跨度双铰接框架one storey house 单层房屋one way slab 单向配筋板one way street 单行道one way system 单向配筋方式one way valve 单向阀onramp 斜坡弯道opal glass 乳色玻璃opaque ceramic glazed tile 不透谜瓷釉瓷砖open air intake works 无压取水结构open air plant 露天装置open air water power plant 开启式水力发电站open boarding 开缝铺板法open box section 敞开箱形构造截面open caisson 沉井open caisson foundation 沉井基础open cornice 敞檐open cut tunneling 泌隧道工程open deck car park 开敞式停车建筑物open distribution 开启分送open ditch drainage 排水玫open drain 排水玫open drainage 排水玫open eaves 敞檐open expansion tank heating system 自由膨胀水箱式供热系统open floor 露瞄栅楼板open frame girder 空腹桁架梁open hood 开口式通气罩open joint 渺open mortise 开口榫眼open newel stair 露眯柱旋梯open pan mixer 敞口盘式混合料open parking structure 开敞式停车建筑物open pier construction 空架式突堤结构open piping 外露管道open pit 露天开采坑open plan 开敞布置open return steam heating system 直接蒸汽供热系统open riser stair 露盲步楼梯open roof 露幂顶open section 开口断面open sheathing 版面疏松的衬板open sheeting 版面疏松的衬板open slating 疏铺石板open space 空地open stairway 露氓梯open steam heating system 直接蒸汽供热系统open storage area 露天堆场open storage ground 露天堆场open storm drainage 露藐水排水沟open tendering 公开招标open territory 空旷地区open timber floor 露木楼板open timbering 版面疏松的衬板open traverse 开路导线open type exhaust canopy 开式排气雨棚open valley 屋面天沟open vent 开式通风口open web 空腹open web girder 空腹大梁open web steel joist 空腹钢铁托梁open well 露幂井open well stair 露幂井楼梯open wharf 透空式码头open wiring 眠布线opening 孔opening bridge 开合桥opening light 开敞式窗洞opening of bids 开表openwork jetty 透空式码头opera house 歌剧院operable partition 开闭式间壁operable transom 开敞式气窗operable wall 开闭式间壁operating floor 操专operation 操作operation drawing 加工图operation schedule 椎程序operational range 操锥围operational waste 操耗operator 操妆optical sag 视光垂度optical square 光学直角器optimal design 优化设计optimization 最优化optimum city size 最佳城市大小optimum condition 最佳条件optimum design 最佳设计opus latericium 嵌砖混凝土墙opus quadratum 方石筑墙or equal specification 被承认等同的技术条件orbit 轨道orchard garden 果园order 柱型式样order of technical assignment 技术任务指令orderly construction territory 有次序的工程地区ordinary concrete 普通混凝土ordinary construction 一般构造ordinary dense concrete 普通密实的混凝土ordinary lime mortar 普通灰浆ordinary portland cement 普通硅盐水泥ordinary red brick 普通红砖ordinary reinforced concrete 普通钢筋混凝土ordinary structural concrete 普通结构混凝土ordinate 纵坐标ordnance bench mark 水准基点organic binder 有机粘结剂organic content 有机质含量organic impurity 有机不洁物organic silt 有机质淤泥organic test 有机物试验organic wastes 有机废水organism of production 生产组织organization 机构oriel 凸窗oriental type park 东方式公园orientation of building 房屋定位orifice meter 孔极量计orifice tube test 坍落度筒测定origin of force 着力点original cross sectional area 起始横截面面积original drawing 原图ornament 装饰ornamental architecture 盛饰建筑ornamental concrete 装饰混凝土ornamental concrete finishing 装饰混凝土修整ornamental forest 风景林ornamental glass 装饰玻璃ornamental motif 装饰肘ornamental panelling 装饰镶板ornamental part 装饰配件orthogonal anisotropic plate 正交蛤异性板orthogonal projection 正投影orthography 正投影orthotropic plate 正交蛤异性板orthotropic structures 正交蛤异性结构oscillating machinery 振动机械oscillating screen 振动筛oscillation 振动oscillation conveyor 振荡式输送机osmose 渗透ossature 骨胳out port 外港outbuilding 附属房屋outdoor air 外伸架临时顶撑outdoor air inlet 外部空气outdoor exposure test 野外曝露试验outdoor furniture 户外七outdoor installation 户外装置outdoor paint 室外用油漆outdoor power station 开启式水力发电站outdoor powerhouse 开启式水力发电站outdoor temperature 室外温度outer court 外院outer door 外门outer fiber 外部纤维outer forces 外力outer harbor 外港outer lining 外门窗框outer slope 外侧坡度outer string 楼梯外侧小梁outer support 外支座outer wall 外墙outfall 排水口outfit 装置outflow channel 泄水渠outhouse 屋外厕所outlay of production 生产经费outlet box 引出箱outlet opening 排出口outlet tunnel 排水隧道outline 轮廓outline drawing 轮廓图outline of house 房屋轮廓outline specification 一般技术规格outmost fiber 外部纤维output data 输出数据outrigger 外伸架outrigger base 悬臂板outrigger scaffold 排出脚手架outrigger shore 外伸架临时顶撑outside air 外部空气outside air opening 外部空气通道outside architrave 外门窗框outside casing 外门窗框outside coating 外部涂刷outside column 外部柱outside corner moulding 角条outside door 外门outside film coefficient 外表面传热系数outside finish 外饰面outside foundation line 外部地基线outside glazing 外部装配玻璃outside scaffolding 外部脚手架outside temperature 室外温度outside wall 外墙outside window 外部窗outstreet 郊区outwork 野外椎oval arch 椭圆形拱oven 炉ovendry wood 烘干木材over dwelling 居住区过密over mortared concrete mix 多灰浆混凝土混合料overall coefficient of heat transfer 总传热系数overall depth of section 截面总高度overall dimensions 综合尺寸overall height 总高度overall length 总长overall size 总尺寸overbridge 天桥overburden 复盖层overburden excavator 剥土电铲overburden pressure 积土压力overburden stripping 覆盖层剥除overcrossing 上跨交叉overcrowded city 挤集型城市overcrowding 拥挤过度overdesign 超裕度设计结构overdeveloped city 过度发展的城市overdevelopment 地下水池的枯燥overdosage 超量配料overfall gap 溢水口overflow dam 溢劣overflow pipe 溢淋overflow stand 溢淋overground part 地上部分overhand work 从内墙砌砖overhang 悬突体overhaul 大修overhead crane 高架起重机overhead crane girder 桥式吊车梁overhead distribution 架空配电overhead door 升降门overhead heating system 上分式供热系统overhead illumination 天花板照明overhead line 架空线路overhead pipeline 架空管道overhead water storage tank 高架蓄水箱overhead welding 仰焊overhead wire 架空线路overhead work 高空工作overhung door 悬挂式推拉门overlap 重迭overlapping construction schedule 综合施工进度表overlay paper 混凝土覆盖纸overload 过载overload limiter 超载限制器overload protection 过载保护overlying ground 上面覆盖overpass 上跨桥overpass for pedestrians 高架人行道overpressure protection 超压防护oversailing course 挑出砖层oversanded mix 多砂混合料oversite concrete 地基混凝土板层overslabbing 混凝土板铺路overstressing 超限应力overstretching 超限应力overturning moment 倾覆力矩overvibration 过度振动owner 甲方owner architect agreement 所有人和建筑师合同owner contractor agreement 所有人和承包人合同owner's inspector 甲方检查员oxidation capacity 氧化能力oxidation column 氧化塔oxidation lagoon 氧化池oxidation pond 氧化池oxide 氧化物oxidized linseed oil 氧化亚麻油oxyacetylene cutting torch 氧快切割机oxychloride cement 氯氧水泥oxygen 氧oxygen deficit 缺氧oxygenator 氧合器ozonation 臭氧处理ozonator 臭氧化发生器ozone 臭氧ozone treatment 臭氧处理ozonized air 缺氧ozonizing chamber 臭氧化窒pack 束package dealer 总承包者packaged air conditioner 小型空气第器packaged boiler 移动式锅炉packaged building program 综合建筑计划packaged concrete 包装混凝土packed heat insulation 填充式绝热packed joint 堵塞接缝packing 填满packless valve 无填料阀pad 承梁垫石padding 涂底漆paddle 小闸门paddle aerator 叶轮式曝气器paddle loader 桨叶式装载机paddle mixer 桨叶式搅拌机padlock 挂锁padstone 承梁垫石pagoda 塔pail 水桶paint 颜料paint base 油漆打底paint blaster 涂料喷雾器paint brush 漆刷paint gun 喷漆枪paint ingredient 涂料成分paint kettle 油漆锅paint peeling 涂漆层剥皮paint pot 油漆锅paint roller 漆滚筒paint spray gun 喷涂枪paint spraying 喷漆paint spraying machine 喷漆机painter's hand tools 漆工手工具painting 涂油漆painting work 涂装工作pair of doors 双门palace 宫殿palatial architecture 宫殿式建筑pale 桩palette knife 但刀paling 栏栅palisade 栏栅pallet 但板palletized load 架装荷载pan 铰链孔pan floor 盘式楼板pan humidifier 盘式加湿器pan mixer 盘状拌和机pane 窗玻璃pane of glass 门墙玻璃块panel 镶板panel air system 嵌入式空气系统panel built house 预制墙板式房屋panel construction 壁板式构造panel cooler 板式冷却器panel cooling 嵌入式降温panel door 镶板门panel heating 板壁供热panel lighting 格式照明panel load 节点载荷panel node 节点panel point 节点panel radiator 嵌入式散热器panel shuttering 镶板式模壳panel strip 嵌条panel type house 预制墙板式房屋panel wall 幕墙panel work 镶板工作panelled ceiling 格子平顶panelling 镶板pantile 波形瓦pantry 备餐间paper 纸paper backed lath 用纸鬃层的板条paper board 纸板paper filter 纸过滤器paper form 纸模papering 糊纸parabola 抛物线parabolic arch 抛物线拱parabolic curve 抛物曲线parabolic girder 抛物线梁parabolic shell 抛物线状薄壳paraffin 蜡parallel chord truss 平行弦桁架parallel flow heat exhanger 并两热交换器parallel lay rope 顺扭交绳parallel stair 平行楼梯parallel swivel bench vice 平行轮轴钳工台虎钳parallel wire unit 平行钢丝束parallelepiped 平行六面体parallelism 平行parallelogram 平行四边形parallelogram of forces 力平行四边形parameter 参数parapet 女儿墙parent matrix 原结合料pargeter 灰泥工paring chisel 消錾park 公园park architecture 公园建筑parker truss 帕克式桁架parking area 停车场parking lot 停车场parking place 停车场parking tower 塔式停车处parkway 林荫干道parlour 接待室parquet 拼花地板parquet block 镶木地板条块parquet floor 镶木地板part 零件part drawing 零件图part in bending 受弯部分part in compression 受压部分part in tension 受拉部分part swing shovel 部分旋转式电铲partial air conditioning 局部空调partial cover plate 部分盖板partial prestressing 部分的预应力partial safety factors 部分安全系数partially drowned weir 局部潜堰partially prestressed composite construction 部分预应力组合结构partially separate system 部份分僚水系统particle 粒子particle board 碎木板particle shape 颗粒形状particle size 粒子大小particle size analysis 粒度分析particle size distribution 粒径分布particle size distribution curve 粒度分布曲线parting agent 脱模隔离涂料partition 隔板partition beam 隔壁梁partition block 隔墙块partition board 隔墙板partition tile 隔壁用花砖partition wall of glass bricks 玻璃块间壁party wall 共用隔墙pass 通道passage 通道passageway 通道passenger elevator 乘客电梯passenger flow 旅客怜passenger lift 乘客电梯passive earth pressure 被动地压paste 软膏paste content 浆状物含量paste paint 厚漆paste volume 浆状物含量pat 试饼pat mortar 扁饼灰泥patand 地梁patching 补坑patching compound 修补混合料patching mix 修补混合料patent glazing 无油灰装玻璃paternoster 链斗式升降机path of seepage 渗哩路patio 庭院patten 柱基础patter 抹板pattern 模型pattern decoration 花样装饰patterned finish 花纹装修patterned paper 花纹纸patternmaker 制模工人paumelle 可折较链paved median 铺面中央分隔带paved shoulders 铺砌的路肩pavement 铺装pavement base 铺路基础pavement concrete 路面混凝土pavement design 路面设计pavement marking machine 路面标线机pavement overlay 路面罩面pavement saw 铺面锯机pavement slab 铺路板paver 混凝土搅拌摊铺机paver's hammer 铺砌工锤pavilion 展览馆分管凉亭pavilion roof 攒尖式屋顶paving asphalt 铺路沥青paving blocks 铺面块体paving brick 铺地砖paving flag 铺路石板paving slab 铺路板paving stone 铺路石paving train 联合铺路机pea gravel 豆粒砾石pea gravel grout 豆砾石薄浆pea grit 豆粒砾石pea shingle 豆粒砾石peak arch 尖拱peak demand 最大需要量peak discharge 最大量peak load 最大载荷peak stress 高最大应力pearl 珍珠pearlite 珍珠岩peasant market 农民市场peat 泥炭peat brick 泥炭砖peat soil 泥沼质土peaty soil 泥沼质土pebble 砾石pebble clarifier 砾石清净器pebble dash 小卵石涂抹pedestal 柱脚pedestal foot 大放脚pedestrian bridge 人行桥pedestrian guard rail 人行道栏杆pedestrian overcrossing 人行天桥pedestrian protection 行人保护装置pedestrian railing 人行桥栏杆pedestrian subway 人行隧道pedestrian traffic 行人交通pediment 人形墙peeling 剥皮peference mark 基准点peg 短桩pegging out 定界pell mell construction 抛筑pelleted mineral wool 颗粒状矿棉penalty 罚款penalty clause 违约罚金条款pencil 束pencil rod 细钢杆pendence 斜度pendentive dome 三角穹圆顶pendentives 穹隅pendulum 振子pendulum bearing 摇摆式支座pendulum saw 摆锯penetrability 透入性penetration 贯穿penetration probe 贯穿探针penetration test 贯入试验penetration treatment 浸透处理penning gate 直升式泄水闸门penstock 水压管pentagon 五角形penthouse 小棚屋penthouse apartment 屋顶公寓pentroof 单坡屋顶penumbra 半影percent compaction 压实百分数percent fines 细粒含量百分率percent of elongation 伸张度percent of void 孔隙率percentage by volume 体积百分率percentage by weight 重量百分比percentage reinforcement 配筋比率percolating water 渗透水percolation 渗漏percolation gauge 渗透计percussion drill hammer 冲魂锤percussion drilling 冲魂percussion penetration method 撞会入法perennial stream 常流perforated brick 有孔砖perforated casing well 滤管井perforated ceiling board 穿孔天花板perforated plate 凿孔板perforated wall 穿孔墙performance characteristic 工棕性performance test 性能试验perimeter 周边perimeter beam 圈梁perimeter grouting 周边管浆perimeter heating 周边供热perimeter wall 围墙perimeter zone 周边区域period 周期peripheral stress 圆周应力periphery 周围perlite 珍珠岩perlite concrete 珍珠岩混凝土perlite mortar 珍珠岩灰浆permafrost 永冻土带permanent construction 永久性结构permanent deflection 永久变位permanent deformation 残余变形permanent hardness 永久硬度permanent load 固定负载permanent moment 固定矩permanent position 固定位置permanent set 残余变形permanent shuttering 永久式模板permanent stream 常流permanent structure 永久性结构permeability 渗透性permeability apparatus 渗透装置permeability coefficient 渗透系数permeability of soil 土壤渗透性permeability reducing admixture 减渗外加剂permeable groyne 透水折劣permetallurigcal cement 炉渣水泥permissible deflection 允许挠度permissible load 容许荷载permissible stress 容许应力permissible stress method 容许应力法permissible velocity 容许速度permission 容许personnel job hoist 施工人员升降机perspective drawing 透视图pervibrator 插入式振捣器petroleum asphalt 石油沥青petroleum bitumen 石油沥青petroleum stove 石油火炉petroleum tar 石油焦油phantom drawing 透视图phase 相phenolic resin cement 酚醛尸水泥phenomena 现象photo elastic analysis 光弹性分析photo elastic test 光弹性试验photoelasticity 光弹性photograph 相片photometer 光度计photosynthesis 光合酌phreatic line 浸润线phreatic water 不承压地下水piano wire concrete 钢弦混凝土pick dressing 风镐修琢picket fence 尖桩篱栅picknometer 比重瓶piece 一块piedroit 墙壁平柱pier 桥墩pier cap 墩帽pier construction 支柱结构pier foundation 墩基础pier head power station 堤头水力发电站piezoelectric pick up 压电拾声器piezometer 压力计piezometer tube 测压管piezometric head 测压管水头piezometric level 测压管水位pig iron 生铁piggery 猪圈pigment 色素pigmented finish 着色装饰pilaster 附壁柱pilaster face 半露柱面部pilaster side 半露柱边pile 堆pile after driving 二次打桩pile and cribwork foundation 桩木格笼基础pile and fascine revetment 桩木排护岸pile band 桩箍pile bent 桩排架pile cluster 桩群pile dolphin 桩式系船柱pile drawer 拨桩机pile driver 打桩机pile driving 打桩pile driving by vibration 振动打桩pile driving equipment 打桩设备pile driving formula 打桩公式pile driving frame 打桩架pile driving hammer 桩锤pile driving plant 打桩装置pile driving pontoon 打桩船pile driving rig 打桩装置pile extension 接桩pile extractor 拨桩机pile ferrule 桩箍pile follower 打桩帽pile footing 桩基础pile foundation 桩基础pile framing 桩框架pile grillage 桩格排pile group 桩群pile hammer 桩锤pile head 桩头pile helmet 桩盔pile hoop 桩箍pile jacking 顶桩pile jetting 水冲沉桩pile load capacity 桩荷载容量pile pedestal 桩台座pile pier 桩式桥墩pile positioning 桩定位pile ring 桩箍pile row 桩列pile shoe 桩靴pile sinking 打桩pile splicing 接桩pile stockage 桩列pile tip 桩头pile toe 桩头pile top 桩头piled quay 横栈桥码头pilework 桩结构piling 排桩pillar 柱pillar crane 塔式起重机pilot channel 子槽pilot cut 子槽pilot flame 引燃火焰pilot lamp 指领示灯pilot trench 子槽pilot tunnel 导洞pimple 小突起pin 针pin connected construction 销连接结构pin connection 销连接pin ended column 栓端柱pin joint 销连接pinch bar 橇杆pine 松树pinholes 小孔pioneer road 施工便道pipe 管pipe anchor 管锚pipe bender 弯管器pipe bending machine 弯管器pipe box 绝热管套pipe bridge 输送管桥pipe casing 桩套管pipe clamp 管夹pipe coil 蛇形管pipe column 管柱pipe cooler 管式冷却器pipe cutter 割管机pipe cutting machine 截管机pipe erector 管安装工人pipe fitter 管安装工人pipe hanger 管吊架pipe in pipe 管套管热交换器pipe insulation 管绝缘pipe joint 管子接头pipe lagging 管绝缘pipe laying 装管工程pipe lifting tongs 管吊装夹具pipe losses 管道损失pipe rigging 管诉pipe run 管道pipe section 管道pipe shell 管外壳pipe thread sealing tape 管螺纹嵌缝带pipe tonge 管子钳pipe tracer 管保护用电加热带pipe transport of concrete 混凝土管输送pipe vice 管子虎钳pipe welding machine 焊管机pipelayer 管道安装工pipeline 导管pipeline construction 管道施工pipeline conveyance 管道运送pipeline heating and refrigerating 热冷供应管线pipeline refrigerating 冷供应管线pipeline transport 管道运输pipemaking machine 制管机pipeway 管沟pipework 配管piping 配管piping diagram 管系图pise 泥土建筑piston 活塞piston pump 活塞式泵pit 地坑pit gravel 坑砾石pitch 间距;斜角pitch pocket 松脂孔pitch streak 松脂孔pitched roof 斜屋顶pitched work 砌石护坡pitching stone 铺砌片石pivot 轴颈;旋转轴pivoted window 旋转窗place 位置placeability 可灌筑性placement of concrete 浇灌混凝土placing 铺设placing boom 灌筑吊杆placing of concrete 浇灌混凝土placing sequence 灌筑次序placing train 灌筑列车plain bars 普通钢筋plain cement 清水泥plain concrete 无筋混凝土plain concrete column 无筋混凝土柱plain concrete construction 素混凝土结构plain girder 实腹梁plan 设计图plan view 平面图plane 平面;刨子plane cross section 水平断面plane frame 平面桁架plane of bending 弯曲平面plane of failure 破坏面plane of projection 投影面plane of section 切面plane of shear 剪断面plane of symmetry 对称面plane of weakness 薄弱截面plane sections hypothesis 平断面假定plane stress analysis 平面应力分析plane surface 平表面planing bench 刨台plank 板材plank floor 木板床planned stage construction 按计划建设planning 规划planning of houses 住宅计划planning permission 建筑许可planning standard specification 设计标准技术规范plant 工厂plant and process ventilation 工厂工程换气plant mix 厂拌混合料plant mixed concrete 厂拌混凝土plant room 机械设备间planting 绿化plasma 等离子体plaster 烧石膏plaster base 抹灰底层plaster concrete 石膏混凝土plaster mixer 灰泥混合器plaster mortar 粉刷用灰浆plaster mould 石膏模型plaster of cement 水泥抹灰plaster of paris 烧石膏plaster panel 石膏纤维板plaster rendering 粉刷plaster skin coat 抹灰面层plaster throwing machine 喷投灰泥机plaster work 抹灰工事plasterboard 石膏纤维板plastered wall 抹灰的墙plasterer 粉刷工plasterer's float 抹灰工抹子plasterer's hair 抹灰用毛发plasterer's trowel 抹灰泥刀plastering machine 喷投灰泥机plastic aggregates 塑胶集料plastic behavior 塑性动态plastic binder 塑性粘合剂plastic clay 可塑粘土plastic concrete 塑性混凝土plastic consistency 可塑稠度plastic consistency of concrete 混凝土塑性稠度plastic cracking 塑性开裂plastic deformation 塑性变形plastic design 塑性论设计plastic equilibrium 塑性平衡plastic flow 塑性怜plastic furniture 塑料家具plastic hinge 塑胶铰链plastic limit 塑性极限plastic moment 塑性力矩plastic mortar 塑性灰浆plastic paint 塑料涂料plastic pipe 塑料管plastic plywood 塑料胶合板plastic range 塑性范围plastic road 塑料公路plastic shrinkage 塑性收缩plastic shrinkage cracking 塑性收缩开裂plastic soil 塑性土壤plastic state 塑性状态plastic strain 塑性变形plastic window lights 塑料玻璃plasticity 塑性plasticity index 塑性值plasticity modulus 塑性模量plasticized cement 塑化水泥plasticizer 增塑剂plasticizing 塑化plasticizing agent 增塑剂plasticizing mineral powder 可塑性矿物粉末plastics 塑料plastics coating 塑料涂膜plastics finish 塑料涂膜plastification 塑性化platband 横带plate 板plate bending 板体弯曲plate girder 板梁plate girder bridge 板梁桥plate glass 平板玻璃plate type regenerator 板型换热器plate vibrator 振动板plated construction 板结构platform 站台;台架platform frame construction 平台式框架结构platform hoist 吊盘绞车platform ladder 椎台梯子plating 镀金playground 比赛场playing field 游戏场plaza 广场plenum duct 送气通道plenum heating 热风采暖plenum system 送气通风系统plinth 壁脚板plinth wiring 壁脚板配线plough 扫雪机;沟刨plow 扫雪机plug 塞子plug cock 塞嘴plug hole 排泄孔plug in connection 插入式连接plug socket 插座plug tap 塞嘴plug valve 塞嘴plugging leaks 堵渗漏plum 毛石块plumb line 铅垂线plumber's dope 管工蒙布漆plumbing 卫生管道工程plumbing fitting 管道配件plumbing fixtures 卫生七plumbing unit 卫生装备组合plumbing work 卫生管道工程plunger pump 滑阀泵ply 层plywood 胶合板plywood concrete forms 夹板混凝土模板plywood for structural use 结构用胶合板pneumatic caisson 压气排水沉箱pneumatic concrete placer 气动混凝土灌注机pneumatic conveying 气动输送pneumatic conveying of concrete 混凝土气力输送pneumatic conveying system 气动输送设备pneumatic drill 空气钻pneumatic feed 风动给料pneumatic hoist 气力升降机pneumatic pile hammer 气压桩锤pneumatic structure 充气结构pneumatic test 气压试验pneumatic tool 气动工具pneumatically applied mortar 喷射灰浆pneumatically operated concrete placer 气动混凝土灌注机pneumatically operated discharge gate 气动卸货门pneumatically placed concrete 喷混凝土pocket filter 袋状滤器point 点point block 塔式高层住宅point load 集中荷载point of application 酌点point of contraflexure 拐点point of support 支点point of zero moment 零力矩点pointed arch 尖拱pointed pediment 三角形檐饰poisson's ratio 泊松比poker vibrator 插入式振捣器polar moment of inertia 极惯性矩polder 围垦地pole 塔杆pole shore 支柱polish 抛光polishing 抛光pollutant 污染物质pollutant effluents 污染废水pollution 污染pollution load 污染负荷polyclinic 综合门诊所polyester 聚脂polyethylene 聚乙烯polyethylene coated craft paper 聚乙烯涂敷牛皮纸polygon 多边形polygon of forces 力多边形polymer 聚合物polymer cement concrete 聚合物水泥混凝土polymer concrete 聚合物混凝土polymer impregnated concrete 聚合物浸渍混凝土polymer modified cement mortar 聚合改性水泥灰浆polymer modified glass fiber reinforced concrete 聚合改性玻璃纤维加强混凝土polymer mortar 聚合物灰浆polystyrene board 聚苯乙烯板polystyrene foam balls 泡沫聚苯乙烯团块polystyrene foam concrete 泡沫聚苯乙烯混凝土polystyrene sheet 聚苯乙烯片polythene sheeting 聚乙烯料护板polyvinyl 聚乙烯polyvinyl acetate concrete 聚醋酸乙烯脂混凝土pond 池pontoon bridge 舟桥pontoon crane 浮筒起重机pool fishway 水塘鱼道poor bearing stratum 低承载性地层poor concrete 贫混凝土poor quality concrete 劣质混凝土pop corn concrete 大孔状混凝土population density 人口密度population equivalent 人口当量porcelain 瓷器pore volume 孔隙容积pores 气孔porosity 多孔性porous aggregate 多孔集料porous brick 多孔砖porous concrete 多孔混凝土porous diffuser plate 多孔扩散板port 港口port construction 港口建设portable barrack 可移动的工棚portable derrick crane 轻便转臂起重机portable grinder 手提式砂轮机portable scaffold 可移动脚手架portable structure 移动式结构portable tank 移动式水箱portable welder 移动式焊接机portal 入口portal crane 门式起重机portal frame 龙门架portal framed building 门形杆框架建筑portal structures 门形结构portland blast furnace cement 矿渣硅酸盐水泥portland cement 波特兰水泥portland cement clinker 波特兰水泥熟料portland cement concrete 硅酸盐水泥混凝土portland masonry cement 圬工波特兰水泥portland pozzolan cement 火山灰硅酸盐水泥portland pozzolan concrete 火山灰硅酸盐水泥混凝土portland slag cement 矿渣硅酸盐水泥position 位置position head 位势水头positioning of beams 梁的定位positioning of tendons 钢筋束配置positive bending moment 正弯矩positive moment 正力矩positive reaction 正反力positive reinforcement 正钢筋post 接线柱post and beam construction 梁柱结构post and beam structure 梁柱结构post and panel structure 立柱镶板式结构post buckling strength 弯曲后强度post cracking strength 开裂后强度post footing 柱基脚post office 邮局post shore 支柱post stressed concrete 后张法预应力混凝土post tension unit 后张拉单元post tensioned construction 后张拉结构post tensioned steel 后张拉钢筋post tensioning 后张拉post tensioning field log 后张拉椎现场记录pot construction 壶形结构pot floor 壶形楼面pot sink 洗涤盆potable water supply 饮水供给potential 潜力potential head 位势水头pothole 窝穴pour point 零poured concrete 灌浇混凝土poured in place concrete 现场浇筑混凝土pouring in lifts 层段浇灌powder 粉末powdered asphalt 粉状地沥青power 力power bender 动力钢筋弯曲机power conduit 水压管power consumption 动力消耗power dam 发电站拦水坝power float 机动抹板power house 发电厂power operated bush hammer 动力操卒石锤power plant 电站power shovel 机械铲power supply source 动力供应源power trowel 动力抹刀pozzolan 火山灰pozzolan cement 火山灰水泥pozzolanic aggregate 火山灰质集料pozzolanic materials 火山灰质材料practice ground 试验用地prap 接线柱pratt truss 普腊桁架prc 预应力钢筋混凝土pre post tensioned concrete 先张后张混凝土pre post tensioning 先张后张拉preaerator 预曝气装置precast concrete 预制混凝土precast concrete building 预制混凝土建筑物precast concrete cladding panel 预制混凝土骨架填充板材护墙板precast concrete connection details 预制混凝土连接机构详图precast concrete construction 预制混凝土构造precast concrete house 预制混凝土房屋precast concrete industry 预制混凝土工业precast concrete panel 预制混凝土墙板precast construction 预制工程precast factory 预制混凝土厂房precast floor 装配式地板precast member 预制混凝土构件precast nailable concrete plank 预制可受钉的混凝土板precast panel construction 预制的护墙板建筑物precast pile 预制桩precast prestressed concrete unit 预制预应力混凝土单元precast reinforced concrete 预制钢筋混凝土precast reinforced concrete construction 装配式钢筋混凝土结构precast structural concrete 预制结构用混凝土precast unit 预制混凝土构件precasting 预制构件precasting machine 预制机precasting yard 预制工住precipitation 降雨precision 精密度precision air conditioning 精密空气第prefab form 预制模板prefabricated building 装配式房屋prefabricated costruction 预制装配式结构prefabricated form 预制装配式模壳prefabricated heat insulatio 预成形绝缘层prefabricated house 预制装配式房屋prefabricated housing 预制装配式住宅建筑prefabricated panel 预制墙板prefabricated prestressed concrete beam 装配式预制钢筋混凝土梁prefabricated reinforced concrete 预制钢筋混凝土prefabricated reinforced concrete pile 装配式钢筋混凝土桩prefabricated structural element 预制结构构件prefabricated unit 预制构件prefabricated window wall unit 预制窗口墙单元prefabrication 预制法prefiring 预热试验preformed insulation 预成形绝缘层preformed pile 预制桩preheat coil 预热器preheater 预热器preheating 预热preliminary clarification tank 初步澄清池preliminary cube test 立方体初步试验preliminary design 初步设计preliminary drawings 初步设计图preliminary specifications 预制的施工说明preliminary treatment 预先处理preload construction of tank 预加荷载贮槽工程premature failure 过早损坏premature stiffening 瞬间凝佶premixed 预先拌合的prepackaged concrete 预填集料混凝土prepacked aggregate concrete 预填集料混凝土prepacked concrete 预填集料混凝土preparation 准备preparatory construction 准备工程preplaced aggregate concrete 预填集料混凝土prescribed mix 给定混合preservation 保存press 压床pressed bend 压制弯管pressed concrete 压制混凝土pressed glass 压制玻璃pressed sheet steel 压制的钢板材。
土木工程专业英语词汇(整理版)
第一部分必须掌握，第二部分尽量掌握第一部分：1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法2 专业英语Specialty English3 水利工程Hydraulic Engineering4 土木工程Civil Engineering5 地下工程Underground Engineering6 岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering7 道路工程Road (Highway) Engineering8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering9 隧道工程Tunnel Engineering10 工程力学Engineering Mechanics11 交通工程Traffic Engineering12 港口工程Port Engineering13 安全性safety17木结构timber structure18 砌体结构masonry structure19 混凝土结构concrete structure20 钢结构steelstructure21 钢-混凝土复合结构steel and concrete composite structure22 素混凝土plain concrete23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete24 钢筋rebar25 预应力混凝土pre-stressed concrete26 静定结构statically determinate structure27 超静定结构statically indeterminate structure 28 桁架结构truss structure29 空间网架结构spatial grid structure30 近海工程offshore engineering31 静力学statics32运动学kinematics33 动力学dynamics34 简支梁simply supported beam35 固定支座fixed bearing36弹性力学elasticity37 塑性力学plasticity38 弹塑性力学elaso-plasticity39 断裂力学fracture Mechanics40 土力学soil mechanics41 水力学hydraulics42 流体力学fluid mechanics43 固体力学solid mechanics44 集中力concentrated force45 压力pressure46 静水压力hydrostatic pressure47 均布压力uniform pressure48 体力body force49 重力gravity50 线荷载line load51 弯矩bending moment52 torque 扭矩53 应力stress54 应变stain55 正应力normal stress56 剪应力shearing stress57 主应力principal stress58 变形deformation59 内力internal force60 偏移量挠度deflection61 settlement 沉降62 屈曲失稳buckle63 轴力axial force64 允许应力allowable stress65 疲劳分析fatigue analysis66 梁beam67 壳shell68 板plate69 桥bridge70 桩pile71 主动土压力active earth pressure72 被动土压力passive earth pressure73 承载力load-bearing capacity74 水位water Height75 位移displacement76 结构力学structural mechanics77 材料力学material mechanics78 经纬仪altometer79 水准仪level80 学科discipline81 子学科sub-discipline82 期刊journal ,periodical83文献literature84 ISSN International Standard Serial Number 国际标准刊号85 ISBN International Standard Book Number 国际标准书号86 卷volume87 期number 88 专著monograph89 会议论文集Proceeding90 学位论文thesis, dissertation91 专利patent92 档案档案室archive93 国际学术会议conference94 导师advisor95 学位论文答辩defense of thesis96 博士研究生doctorate student97 研究生postgraduate98 EI Engineering Index 工程索引99 SCI Science Citation Index 科学引文索引100ISTP Index to Science and Technology Proceedings 科学技术会议论文集索引101 题目title102 摘要abstract103 全文full-text104 参考文献reference105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation106 主题词Subject107 关键字keyword108 ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers 美国土木工程师协会109 FHWA Federal Highway Administration 联邦公路总署110 ISO International Standard Organization111 解析方法analytical method112 数值方法numerical method113 计算computation114 说明书instruction第二部分：岩土工程专业词汇1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程2.foundation engineering基础工程3.soil, earth土4.soil mechanics土力学cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5.soil dynamics土动力学6.stress path应力路径7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类 1.residual soil残积土groundwater level地下水位 2.groundwater 地下水groundwater table地下水位 3.clay minerals粘土矿物 4.secondary minerals次生矿物 ndslides滑坡 6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravelly sand砾砂12.coarse sand粗砂13.medium sand中砂14.fine sand细砂15.silty sand粉土16.clayey soil粘性土17.clay粘土18.silty clay粉质粘土19.silt粉土20.sandy silt 砂质粉土21.clayey silt粘质粉土22.saturated soil饱和土23.unsaturated soil非饱和土24.fill (soil)填土25.overconsolidated soil超固结土26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土28.zonal soil区域性土29.soft clay软粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土31.peat泥炭32.loess 黄土33.frozen soil冻土24.degree of saturation饱和度25.dry unit weight干重度26.moist unit weight湿重度45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law 达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowing soil流土4.sand boiling砂沸5.flow net流网6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepage pressure渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.seepage force渗透力11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1.soft soil软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress有效应力4.total stress 总应力5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度6.low activity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxial test三轴试验9.foundation design基础设计10.recompaction再压缩11.bearing capacity承载力12.soil mass土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体16.homogeneous均质17.isotropic各向同性18.strip footing条基19.square spread footing方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载22.live load 活载23.short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load长期荷载25.reduced load折算荷载26.settlement沉降27.deformation变形28.casing套管29.dike=dyke堤（防）30.clay fraction粘粒粒组31.physical properties物理性质32.subgrade路基33.well-graded soil级配良好土34.poorly-graded soil级配不良土35.normal stresses正应力36.shear stresses剪应力37.principal plane主平面38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大（中、最小）主应力39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件40.FEM=finite element method有限元法41.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法42.pore water pressure孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数pression index压缩指数47.swelling index回弹指数48.geostatic stress自重应力49.additional stress附加应力50.total stress总应力51.final settlement最终沉降52.slip line滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降水 1 excavation开挖（挖方） 2 dewatering（基坑）降水3 failure of foundation基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布8 dewatering method降低地下水位法9 well point system井点系统（轻型）10 deep well point深井点11 vacuum well point真空井点12 braced cuts支撑围护13 braced excavation支撑开挖14 braced sheeting支撑挡板七. 深基础--deep foundation 1.pile foundation桩基础1)cast –in-place灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩bored pile钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4)steel pile钢桩steel pipe pile钢管桩steel sheet pile钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation 沉井（箱） 3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙4.friction pile摩擦桩5.end-bearing pile端承桩6.shaft竖井；桩身7.wave equation analysis波动方程分析8.pile caps承台（桩帽）9.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力teral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力12.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验13.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap低桩承台15.high-rise pile cap高桩承台16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silent piling静力压桩18.uplift pile抗拔桩19.anti-slide pile抗滑桩20.pile groups群桩21.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η）22.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应23.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术24.final set最后贯入度25.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验27.pile head=butt桩头28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）29.pile spacing 桩距30.pile plan桩位布置图31.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置32.group action群桩作用33.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻35.pile cushion桩垫36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩37.pile pulling test拔桩试验38.pile shoe桩靴39.pile noise打桩噪音40.pile rig打桩机九. 固结consolidation1.Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2.Barraon’s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论3.Biot’s consolidation theory比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil超固结土6.excess pore water pressure超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation一维固结9.primary consolidation主固结10.secondary consolidation次固结11.degree of consolidation固结度12.consolidation test固结试验13.consolidation curve固结曲线14.time factor Tv 时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结十. 抗剪强度shear strength 1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength残余强度3.long-term strength长期强度4.peak strength峰值强度5.shear strain rate剪切应变速率6.dilatation剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论10.angle of internal friction内摩擦角11.cohesion粘聚力12.failure criterion破坏准则13.vane strength十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter有效应力强度参数十一. 本构模型--constitutive model1.elastic model弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model边界面模型6.Duncan-Chang model邓肯－张模型7.rigid plastic model 刚塑性模型8.cap model盖帽模型9.work softening加工软化10.work hardening加工硬化11.Cambridge model剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则14.yield surface屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型16.elastic modulus弹性模量17.Winkler foundation model文克尔地基模型十二. 地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil 1.punching shear failure冲剪破坏2.general shear failure 整体剪切破化 3.local shear failure局部剪切破坏 4.state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力十三. 土压力--earth pressure1.active earth pressure主动土压力2.passive earth pressure被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest静止土压力4.Coulomb’s earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论5.R ankine’s earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论十四. 土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis1.angle of repose休止角2.Bishop method毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method 瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method条分法十五. 挡土墙--retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall基础墙3.counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙十六. 板桩结构物--sheet pile structure 1.steel sheet pile钢板桩 2.reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩3.steel piles钢桩4.wooden sheet pile木板桩5.timber piles木桩十七. 浅基础--shallow foundation 1.box foundation箱型基础 2.mat(raft) foundation片筏基础 3.strip foundation条形基础 4.spread footing扩展基础 pensated foundation补偿性基础6.bearing stratum持力层7.rigid foundation刚性基础8.flexible foundation柔性基础9.embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度 foundation pressure基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析十八. 土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils动强度2.wave velocity method波速法3.material damping材料阻尼4.geometric damping几何阻尼5.damping ratio阻尼比6.initial liquefaction初始液化7.natural period of soil site地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切模量9.dynamic ma二十. 地基基础抗震 1.earthquake engineering地震工程2.soil dynamics土动力学3.duration of earthquake地震持续时间 4.earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱5.earthquake intensity地震烈度6.earthquake magnitude 震级7.seismic predominant period地震卓越周期8.maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度二十一. 室内土工实验 1.high pressure consolidation test 高压固结试验 2.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结试验 3.falling head permeability变水头试验4.constant head permeability常水头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test不固结不排水试验(UU)6.consolidated undrained triaxial test固结不排水试验(CU)7.consolidated drained triaxial test固结排水试验(CD)paction test击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test固结快剪试验10.quick direct shear test快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test慢剪试验12.sieve analysis筛分析13.geotechnical model test土工模型试验14.centrifugalmodel test离心模型试验15.direct shear apparatus直剪仪16.direct shear test直剪试验17.direct simple shear test直接单剪试验18.dynamic triaxial test三轴试验19.dynamic simple shear 动单剪20.free（resonance）vibration column test自(共)振柱试验二十二. 原位测试 1.standard penetration test (SPT)标准贯入试验 2.surface wave test (SWT)表面波试验3.dynamic penetration test(DPT)动力触探试验 4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验5.plate loading test 静力荷载试验 teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验9.screw plate test螺旋板载荷试验10.pressuremeter test旁压试验11.light sounding轻便触探试验12.deep settlement measurement深层沉降观测13.vane shear test十字板剪切试验14.field permeability test现场渗透试验15.in-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测16.in-situ soil test原位试验。
土木工程英语证书(PEC)考试-隧道专业术语
土木工程英语证书(PEC)考试-隧道专业术语隧道工程tunnel engineering,隧道tunnel,铁路隧道;铁道隧道railway tunnel,公路隧道highway tunnel,地铁隧道subway tunnel;underground railway tunnel;metro tunnel,人行隧道pedestrian tunnel,水工隧洞;输水隧道hydraulic tunnel,山岭隧道mountain tunnel,水下隧道subaqueous tunnel,海底隧道;水下隧道submarine tunnel;underwater tunnel,土质隧道earth tunnel,岩石隧道rock tunnel,浅埋隧道shallow tunnel;shallow-depth tunnel;shallow burying tunnel,深埋隧道deep tunnel;deep-depth tunnel;deep burying tunnel,偏压隧道unsymmetrical loading tunnel,马蹄形隧道;拱形隧道horse-shoe tunnel;arch tunnel,圆形隧道circular tunnel,矩形隧道rectangular section tunnel,大断面隧道largecross-section tunnel,长隧道long tunnel,双线隧道twin-track tunnel;double track tunnel,曲线隧道curved tunnel,明洞open tunnel;open cut tunnel;tunnel without cover;gallery,隧道勘测tunnel survey,超前探测drift boring,工程地质勘测;工程地质勘探engineering geological prospecting,隧道测量tunnel survey,施工测量construction survey,断面测量section survey,隧道设计tunnel design,隧道断面tunnel section,安全系数safety coefficient,隧道力学tunnel mechanics,隧道结构tunnel structure,隧道洞口设施facilities of tunnel portal,边墙side wall,拱顶arch crown,拱圈tunnel arch,仰拱inverted arch,底板base plate;floor,隧道埋深depth of tunnel,隧道群tunnel group,隧道施工tunnel construction,隧道开挖tunnel excavation,分部开挖partial excavation,大断面开挖large cross-section excavation,全断面开挖full face tunnelling,开挖面excavated surface,隧道施工方法tunnel construction method,钻爆法drilling and blasting method,新奥法natm;new austrian tunnelling method,盾构法shield driving method;shield method,顶进法pipe jacking method;jack-in method,浅埋暗挖法sallow buried-tunnelling method,明挖法cut and cover tunneling;open cut method,地下连续墙法underground diaphragm wall method;underground wall method, 冻结法freezing method,沉埋法immersed tube method,管棚法pipe-shed method,综合机械化掘进comprehensive mechanized excavation,辅助坑道auxiliary adit;service gallery,平行坑道parallel adit,竖井shaft,斜井sloping shaft;inclined shaft,导坑heading,衬砌工艺lining process,喷锚;锚喷anchor bolt spray;anchor bolt-spray,管段tube section,接缝joint,地层加固reinforcing of natural ground,弃碴ballast piling,施工监控construction monitor control,超挖overbreak,欠挖underbreak,施工进度construction progress,隧道贯通tunnel holing-through,工期work period,隧道施工机械tunnel construction machinery,隧道掘进机tunnelling machine;tunnel boring machine;tbm,单臂掘进机single cantilever tunnelling machine,全断面掘进机full face tunnel boring machine,隧道钻眼爆破机械machine for tunnel drilling and blasting operation,装碴运输机械loading-conveying ballast equipment,衬砌机械lining mechanism,钢模板steel form,模板台车formworking jumbo,混凝土喷射机;砼喷射机concrete sprayer,盾构shield,泥水盾构slurry shield,气压盾构air pressure shield,挤压闭胸盾构shotcrete closed shield,土压平衡盾构soil pressure balancing shield,注浆机械grouting machine,凿岩机rock drilling machine;air hammer drill,凿岩台车drill jumbo;rock drilling jumbo,围岩surrounding rock,围岩分类surrounding rock classification,围岩加固surrounding rock consolidation,围岩稳定surrounding rock stability,围岩应力surrounding rock stress,围岩压力pressure of surrounding rock,山体压力;围岩压力ground pressure;surrounding rock pressure,围岩变形surrounding rock deformation,围岩破坏surrounding rock failure,软弱围岩weak surrounding rock,支护support,锚喷支护anchor bolt-spray support,锚杆支护anchor bolt-support;anchor bolt support,喷射混凝土支护;喷射砼支护shotcrete support;sprayed concrete support,配筋喷射混凝土支护;配筋喷射砼支护reinforced sprayed concrete support, 钢架喷射混凝土支护;钢架喷射砼支护rigid-frame shotcrete support,掘进工作面支护excavation face support,超前支护advance support,管棚支护pipe-shed support;pipe roofing support,胶结型锚杆adhesive anchor bolt,砂浆锚杆mortar bolt,树脂锚杆resin anchored bolt,摩擦型锚杆friction anchor bolt,楔缝式锚杆slit wedge type rock bolt,涨壳式锚杆expansion type anchor bolt,机械型锚杆mechanical anchor bolt,预应力锚杆prestressed anchor bolt,土层锚杆soil bolt,岩石锚杆rock bolt,衬砌lining,整体式衬砌integral tunnel lining;integral lining,拼装式衬砌precast lining,组合衬砌composite lining,挤压混凝土衬砌;挤压砼衬砌shotcrete tunnel lining;extruding concrete tunnel lining,混凝土衬砌;砼衬砌concrete lining,喷锚衬砌shotcrete and bolt lining;shotcrete bolt lining,隧道通风tunnel ventilation,施工通风construction ventilation,运营通风operation ventilation,机械通风mechanical ventilation,自然通风natural ventilation,隧道射流式通风;隧道射流通风efflux ventilation for tunnel;tunnel efflux ventilation;tunnel injector type ventilation,隧道通风帘幕curtain for tunnel ventilation;ventilation curtain,通风设备ventilation equipment,隧道照明tunnel illumination;tunnel lighting,照明设备lighting equipment,隧道防水tunnel waterproofing;waterproofing of tunnel,防水板waterproofing board;waterproof board;waterproof sheet,防水材料waterproof material,隧道排水tunnel drainage,排水设备drainage facilites,隧道病害tunnel defect,衬砌裂损lining split;lining **ing,隧道漏水water leakage of tunnel;tunnel leak,坍方landslide;slip,地面塌陷land yielding,涌水gushing water,隧道养护tunnel maintenance,堵漏leaking stoppage,注浆grouting,化学注浆chemical grouting,防寒cold-proof,整治regulation,限界检查clearance examination;checking of clearance;clearance check measurement,隧道管理系统tunnelling management system,隧道环境tunnel environment,隧道试验;隧道实验tunnel test,试验段;实验段test section,隧道监控量测;隧道监控测量tunnel monitoring measurement,收敛convergence,隧道安全tunnel safety,隧道防火tunnel fire proofing,火灾fire hazard,消防fire fighting,隧道防灾设施tunnel disaster prevention equipment;tunnel anti-disaster equipment,报警装置;报警器alarming device;warning device,通过隧道passing tunnel,避车洞refuge hole,避难洞;避车洞refuge recess;refuge hole,电气化铁道工程;电气化铁路工程electrified railway construction,电气化铁道;电气化铁路electrified railway,直流电气化铁道dc electrified railway,交流电气化铁道;交流电气化铁路 a.c.electrification railway,低频电气化铁道low frequency electrified railway,工频电气化铁道;工频电气化铁路industry frequency electrified railway, 电压制voltage system,电流制current system。
土木英语词汇
土木工程专业英语分类词汇目录1.一般术语12.房屋建筑结构术语33.公路路线和铁路线路术语44.桥、涵洞和隧道术语55.水工期建筑物术语66.结构构件和部件术语87.地基和基础术语108. 结构可靠性和设计方法术语119. 结构上的作用、作用代表值和作用效应术语1210. 材料性能、构件承载能力和材料性能代表值术语1411.几何参数和常用量程术语1512.工程结构设计常用的物理学、数理统计171.一般术语1 buildingandcivilengineeringstructures 工程结构2 designofbuildingandcivilengineeringstructures 工程结构设计3 buildingengineering 房屋建筑工程4 civilengineering 土木工程5 highwayengineering 公路工程6 railwayengineering 铁路工程7 port(harbour)andwaterwayengineering 港口与航道工程8 hydraulicengineering 水利工程9 hydraulicandhydroelectricengineering 水利发电工程（水电工1constructionworks 建筑物（构筑物）1structure 结构1foundation 基础1foundationsoil;subgrade;subbase;ground 地基1timberstructure 木结构1masonrystructure 砌体结构1steelstructure 钢结构1concretestructure 混凝土（砼）结构1specialengineeringstructure 特种工程结构1building 房屋建筑2industrialbuilding 工业建筑2civilbuilding;civilarchitecture 民用建筑2highway 公路2highwaynetwork 公路网2freeway 高速公路2arterialhighway 干线公路2feederhighway 支线公路2railway;railroad 铁路（铁道）2standardgaugerailway 标准轨距铁路2broadgaugerailway 宽轨距铁路3narrowgaugerailway 窄轨距铁路3railwayterminal 铁路枢纽3railwaystation 铁路车站3port;harbour 港口3marinestructure 港口水工建筑物3navigationstructure;navigationconstruction 通航（过船）建筑物3lighthouse 灯塔3waterconservancy 水利3 8 multipurposehydraulicproject;keywater-controlproject;hydro-junction水利枢纽3reservoir 水库4 0 hydraulicstructure;marinestructure;maritimeconstruction水工建筑物4waterretainingstructure;retainingworks 挡水建筑物4intakestructure 进水（取水）建筑物4outletstructure;outletworks;sluiceworks 泄水建筑物4conveyancestructure 输水建筑物4 5 regulatingstructure;trainingstructurerectificationstructure整治建筑物4 6 hydro-electricstation;hydropowerstation 水电站水泵站（抽水站、扬水4pumpstation 提水站）4safetydevice 安全设施2. 房屋建筑结构术语1 mixedstructure 混合结构2 slab-columnsystem 板柱结构3 framestructure 框架结构4 archstructure 拱结构5 folded-platestructure 折板结构6 shellstructure 壳体结构7 spacetrussstructure 风架结构8 cable-suspendedstructure 悬索结构9 pneumaticstructure 充气结构1shearwallstructure 剪力墙（结构墙）结构1frame-shearwallstructure 框架—剪力墙结构1tube 筒体结构1suspended 悬挂结构1high-rise 高耸结构3. 公路路线和铁路线路术语1 highway 公路路线2 highwayalignment 公路线形3 horizontalalignment 平面线形4 verticalalignment 纵面线形5 routeselection 公路选线6 routelocation 公路定线7 horizontalcurve 平面线8 verticalcurve 竖曲线9 gradechangepoint 变坡点1routeintersection 路线交叉1permanentway 铁路线路1railwaylocation 铁路选线1location 铁路定线1mainline 正线1sidings 站线1minimumradiusofcurve 最小曲线半1gradesection 坡段1maximum 最大坡度1grade 平面交叉2grade 立体交叉4. 桥、涵洞和隧道术语1 simplesupportedgirderbridge 桥2 continuousgirderbridge 简支梁桥3 cantilevergirderbridge 连续梁桥4 simplesupportedgirderbridge 悬臂梁桥5 cablestayedbridge 斜拉（斜张）桥6 suspensionbridge 悬索（吊）桥7 trussedbridge 桁架桥8 framebridge 框架桥9 rigidframebridge 刚构（刚架）桥1archbridge 拱桥1submersiblebridge 漫水桥1pontoonbridge 浮桥1rightbridge 正交桥1skewbridge 斜交桥1gradeseparatedbridge;overpassbridge 跨线（立交）桥1viaduct 高架桥1mainspan 正（主）桥1approachspan 引桥1curvedbridge 弯桥2rampbridge 坡桥2combinedbridge;highwayandrailwaytransitbridge 公路铁路两用桥2movablebridge 开合桥2single-trackbridge 单线桥2double-trackbridge 双线桥2bridgesuperstructure 桥跨结构（上部结2bridgefloorsystem 桥面系2bridgebearing;bridgesupport 桥支座2bridgesubstructure 桥下部结构2bridgetower 索塔（桥塔）3abutment 桥台3pier 桥墩3culvert 涵洞3tunnel 隧道（洞）3tunnelportal 隧道洞口（洞门）3tunnelsurroundingrock 隧道（洞）围岩3tunnellining 隧道（洞）衬砌5. 水工期建筑物术语1 dam 坝2 damaxis 坝轴线3 gravitydam 重力坝4 archdam 拱坝5 buttressdam 支墩坝6 earth-rockdam;embankmentdam 土石坝7 concretedam 混凝土坝8 rubberdam;flexibledam;fabricdam 橡胶坝9 spurdike;groin 丁坝1trainingdike 顺坝1spillway 溢洪道1weir 堰（溢流堰）1cofferdam 围堰1hydraulictunnel 水工隧洞1deepwaterintake 深式进水口1damtypehydropowerstation 堤坝式水电站1diversionconduittypehydropowerstation 引水（引水道）式水1tidalpowerstation 潮汐电站1pumpedstoragepowerstation 抽水蓄能电站2powerhouseofhydropowerstation 水电站厂房2forebay 前池2pressureconduit 压力管道2surgechamber 调压室2tailrace 尾水渠2navigationlock 船闸2shiplift;shipelevator 升船机2sluice;barrage 水闸2channel 渠道2aqueduct;bridgedflume 渡槽3chute 陡坡3drop 跌水3gallerysystem 坝内廊道系统3energydissipatingandanti-scourfacility 消能防冲设施3seepagecontrolfacility 防渗设施3drainagefacility 排水设施3reversefilter 反滤设施（倒滤设施）3turbine-pumpstation 水轮泵站3ramstation 水锤泵站3underdamculvert 坝下埋管4siltingbasin 沉消池4dike;levee 堤4breakwater;mole 防波堤4wharf;quay 码头4slopedwharf 斜坡码头4dolphinwharf 墩式码头4gravityquay-wall 重力式码头4sheet-pilequay-wall 板桩码头4openpieronpiles;high-pilewharf 高桩码头4floatingpier;pontoonwharf 浮（趸船）5dock 船坞5ship-buildingberth 船台5slipway 滑道6. 结构构件和部件术语member构件 component;assemblyparts 部件 section截面 beam;girder 梁 arch拱 slab;plate 板 shell 壳 column 柱 wall 墙 truss 桁架 frame 框架 bentframe 排架 rigidframe刚架（刚构） simplysupportedbeam 简支梁 cantileverbeam悬臂梁beamfixedatbothends 两端固定梁 continuousbeam 连续梁 superposedbeam 叠合梁 pile桩 sheetpile 板桩 pavement 路面 carriageway行车道 speed-changelane 变速车道 sidewalk人行道 laneseparator 分隔带 bicyclepath 自行车道 roadshoulder公路路肩 subgradesideditch路基边沟 catchditch;interceptingchannel 截水沟（天drainageditch排水沟 slopeprotection;revetment 护坡 retainingwall 挡土墙 railwaytrack 铁路轨道 rail 钢轨 sleeper轨枕 trackskeleton 轨排 bed 道床 ballast 道碴 turnout道岔railwayshuntinghump 铁路调车驼峰 continuousweldedrail无缝线路1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363734railfastening 钢轨扣件4guardrail 护轮轨4railwayshoulder 铁路路肩4wharfshoulder 码头胸墙4relievingslab 卸荷板4berthingmember 靠船构件4mooringpostbollard 系船柱4mooringring 系船环5sluicechamber 闸室5sluicegate;lockgate 闸门5sluicepier 闸墩5apron 护坦5apronextension;apron 海漫5stillingbasin 消能池（消力5rollerbucket 消能戽（消力5apron;imperviousblanket 防渗铺盖5imperviouscurtain;cut-off 防渗帷幕5sealing;seal;water-stop 止水6connection 连接6joint 节点6expansionandcontractionjoint 伸缩缝6settlementjoint 沉降缝6seismicjoint 防震缝6constructionjoint 施工缝7. 地基和基础术语1 spreadfoundation 扩展（扩大）2 rigidfoundation 刚性基础3 singlefooting 独立基础4 combinedfooting 联合基础5 stripfoundation 条形基础6 shellfoundation 壳体基础7 boxfoundation 箱形基础8 raftfoundation 筏形基础9 pilefoundation 桩基础1opencaissonfoundation 沉井基础1cylinderpilefoundation;cylindercaissonfoundation 管柱基础1caissonfoundation 沉箱基础1subgradeofhighway(railway);formation 路基1bed;bedding 基床8. 结构可靠性和设计方法术语1 reliability 可靠性2 safety 安全性3 serviceability 适用性4 durability 耐久性5 basicvariable 基本变量6 designreferenceperiod 设计基准期7 probabilityofsurvival 可靠概率8 probabilityoffailure 失效概率9 reliabilityindex 可靠指标1calibration 校准法1deterministicmethod 定值设计法1probabilisticmethod 概率设计法1permissible(allowable)stressesmethod 容许应力设计法1ultimatestrengthmethod 破坏强度设计法1limitstatesmethod 极限状态设计法1limitstates 极限状态1limitstateequation 极限状态方程1ultimatelimitstates 承载能力极限状1serviceabilitylimitstates 正常使用极限状态2partialsafetyfactor 分项系数2designsituation 设计状况2persistentsituation 持久状况2transientsituation 短暂状况2accidentalsituation 偶然状况9. 结构上的作用、作用代表值和作用效应术语1 action 作用2 load 荷载3 forceperunitlength 线分布力4 forceperunitarea 面分布力5 forceperunitvolume 体分布力6 momentofforce 力矩7 permanentaction 永久作用8 variableaction 可变作用9 accidentalaction 偶然作用1fixedaction 固定作用1freeaction 自由（可动）作用.1staticaction 静态作用1dynamicaction 动态作用1repeatedaction;cyclicaction 多次重复作用1lowfrequencycyclicaction 低周反复作用1selfweight 自重1siteload 施工荷载1earthpressure 土压力1temperatureaction 温度作用2earthquakeaction 地震作用2explosionaction 爆炸作用2windload 风荷载2windvibration 风振2snowload 雪荷载2craneload 吊车荷载2floorliveload;roofliveload 楼面、屋面活荷载2loadonbridge 桥（桥梁）荷载2deadloadonbridge 桥（桥梁）恒荷载2liveloadonbridge 桥（桥梁）活荷载3standardhighwayvehicleload 公路车辆荷载标3standardrailwayliveload 中国铁路标准活3shipload 船舶荷载3craneandvehicleload 起重运输机械荷3shipimpactforce 船舶撞击力3shipbreastingforce 船舶挤靠力3mooringforce 船舶系缆力3waterpressure 水压力3buoyantforce;floatage 浮力3upliftpressure 扬压力4wavepressure;waveforce 浪压力（波浪力）4icepressure 冰压力4siltpressure 泥沙压力4frostheaveforce;frostheavepressure 冻胀力4representativevalueofanaction 作用代表值4characteristicvalueofanaction 作用标准值4quasi-permanentvalueofanaction 作用准永久值4combinationvalueofactions 作用组合值4partialsafetyfactorforaction 作用分项系数4designvalueofanaction 作用设计值5coefficientforcombinationvalueofactions 作用组合值系数5effectsofactions 作用效应5coefficientofeffectsofactions 作用效应系数5normalforce 轴向力5shearforce 剪力5bendingmoment 弯矩5bimoment 双弯矩5torque 扭矩5stress 应力5normalstress 正应力6shearstress;tangentialstress 剪应力6principalstress 主应力6prestress 预应力6displacement 位移6deflection 挠度6deformation 变形6elasticdeformation 弹性变形6plasticdeformation 塑性变形6imposeddeformation 外加变形6restraineddeformation 约束变形7strain 应变7linearstrain 线应变7shearstrain;tangentialstrain _、r-i、一-花亠7principalstrain 主应变7combinationforactioneffects 作用效应组合7fundamentalcombinationforactioneffects 作用效应基本组7accidentalcombinationforactioneffects 作用效应偶然组7combinationforshort-termactioneffects 短期效应组合7combinationforlong-termactioneffects 长期效应组合7limitingdesignvalue 设计限值10. 材料性能、构件承载能力和材料性能代表值术语1 resistance 抗力2 strength 强度3 compressivestrength 抗压强度4 tensilestrength 抗拉强度5 shearstrength 抗剪强度6 flexuralstrength 抗弯强度7 yieldstrength 屈服强度8 fatiguestrength 疲劳强度9 ultimatestrain 极限应变1modulusofelasticity 弹性模量1shearmodulus 剪变模量1modulusofdeformation 变形模量1poissonratio 泊松比1bearingcapacity 承载能力1compressivecapacity 受压承载能力1tensilecapacity 受拉承载能力1shearcapacity 受剪承载能力1flexuralcapacity 受弯承载能力1torsionalcapacity 受扭承载能力2fatiguecapacity 疲劳承载能力2stiffness;rigidity 刚度2crackresistance 抗裂度2ultimatedeformation 极限变形2stability 稳定性2spatialbehaviour 空间工作性能2brittlefailure 脆性破坏2ductilefailure 延性破坏2partialsafetyfactorforresistance 抗力分项系数2characteristicvalueofapropertyofamaterial 材料性能标准值3partialsafetyfactorforpropertyofmaterial 材料性能分项系数3designvalueofapropertyofamaterial 材料性能设计值3normalvalueofgeometricparameter 几何参数标准值11. 几何参数和常用量程术语1 heightofsection;depthofsection 截面高度2 breadthofsection 截面宽度3 thicknessofsection 截面厚度4 diameterofsection 截面直径5 perimeterofsection 截面周长6 areaofsection 截面面积7 firstmomentofarea 截面面积矩8 secondmomentofarea;momentofinertia 截面惯性矩9 polarsecondmomentofarea;polarmomentofinertia截面极惯性矩1sectionmodulus 截面模量（抵抗矩）1radiusofgyration 截面回转半径1eccentricity 偏心矩1relativeeccentricity 偏心率1length 长度1span 跨度1rise 矢高1slendernessratio 长细比1longitudinalgradient 纵坡1superelevation 超高2sightdistance 视距2widthofsubgrade 路面宽度2widthofsubgrade 路基宽度2clearanceofhighway 公路建筑限界2gauge 轨矩2railroadclearance 铁路建筑限界2clearanceunderbridge 桥下净空2constructionheightofbridge 桥建筑高度2clearanceabovebridgefloor 桥建筑限界2clearanceoftunnel 隧道建筑限界3berth 泊位3additionaldepth;residualdepth 富余水深3wavecharacteristics;waveparameters 波浪要素3tidelevel 潮位3waterlevel 水位3designwaterlevel 设计水位3damheight 坝高3damlength 坝长3freeboard 安全超高（富余高度）3deadwaterlevel 水库死水位4normal(pool)level 水库设计（正常）蓄4designfloodlevel 水库设计洪水位4exceptionalfloodlevel 水库校长核洪水位4deadstorage 水库死（垫底）库容4usablestorage 水库兴利（有效、调节）4totalreservoirstorage 水库总库容total12. 工程结构设计常用的物理学、数理统计1 coefficientoffriction 磨擦系数2 massdensity 质量密度3 force(weight)density 重力密度4 momentofmomentum 动量矩5 dynamicmomentofinertia 转动惯量6 dynamiceffectfactor 动作用系数7 vibration 振动8 acceleration 加速度9 frequency 频率1naturalfrequency 自振（固有）1period 周期1naturalperiodofvibration 自振周期1periodicvibration 周期振动1amplitudeofvibration 振幅1degreeoffreedom 自由度1damp 阻尼1forcedvibration 强迫振动1modeofvibration 振型1resonance 共振2statisticalparameter 统计参数2meanvalue 平均值2meansquaredeviation 、-、八方差2standarddeviation 标准差2coefficientofmeanvalue 均值系数2Z-*/-*•・z-*・・变异系数2probabilitydistribution 概率分布2fractile;quantile 分位数2significancelevel 显著性水平2hydro-staticpressure 静水压强3hydro-dynamicpressure 动水压强3totalhydro-staticpressure 静水总压力3pressuregradient 压力梯度3pressurehead 压力水头3levelhead 位置水头3streamfield 流畅3streamfield 流线3velocityofflow 流速3velocityheadofflow 流速水头3totalhead 总水头4headloss 水头损失4dischargecrosssection 过水断面4wettedperimeter 湿周4hydraulicradius 水力半径4discharge;flowrate 流量4averagevelocity 平均流速4coefficientofroughness 糙率（粗糙系数）4hydraulicslope;energygradient 水力坡度（水力比降）4Reynoldsnumber 雷诺数（re）4Froudenumber 弗汝德数（fr）5waterhammer 水锤（水击）5hydraulicjump 水跃5seepageflow 渗流5coefficientofcompressibility 压缩系数5cohesion 内聚力（粘聚力）5coefficientofconsolidation 固结系数5relativedensity 相对密度5compactness 密实度5modulusofcompressibility 压缩模量5porosity 孔隙比6porosity 孔隙率（度）6liquidityindex 液性指数6plasticity 塑性指数6degreeofsaturation 渗透系数6degreeofsaturation 饱和度6degreeofconsolidation 固结度6porewaterpressure 孔隙水压力6watercontent 含水量6liquidlimit 液限6plasticlimit 塑限7angleofrepose 休止角7angleofexternalfriction 外磨擦角7angleofinternalfriction 内摩擦角7earthquake 地震7earthquakefocus 震源7earthquakeepicenter 震中7epicentraldistance 震中距7earthquakemagnitude 地震震级7earthquakeintensity 地震烈度7earthquakezone 地震区8earthquakeresponsespectrum 反应谱8staticmethod 静力法8equivalentbaseshearmethod 底部剪力法（拟静力8time-historymethod 时程分析法8modeanalysismethod 振型分解法8earthquakedynamicwaterpressure 地震动水压力地震动土压力 砂土液化86earthquakedynamicearthpressure 87liquefactionofsaturatedsoil。
土木工程类英文专业词汇
土木工程类英文专业词汇土木工程是一个涉及土地开发、设计、建造和维护的复杂领域。
在这个领域中，有许多具有专业性、特定含义和用途的英文术语。
掌握这些专业词汇对于在这个领域工作或学习的人来说非常必要。
本文将介绍土木工程常用的英语专业词汇。
1.Civil engineering –土木工程学Civil engineering is a discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the built environment, including buildings, roads, bridges, and other infrastructure.2.Architecture –建筑学Architecture is the art and science of designing and building structures, such as buildings and bridges.3.Planning –规划Planning is the process of making a detailed plan or layout for a project, including determining what resources will be needed to complete the project.4.Surveying –测量Surveying is the process of measuring and mapping the surface of the Earth, including land, water bodies, and buildings.5.Structural engineering –结构工程Structural engineering is a sub-discipline of civil engineering that deals with the design and analysis of structures, such as buildings, bridges, and other infrastructure.6.Geotechnical engineering –岩土工程Geotechnical engineering is a sub-discipline of civil engineering that deals with the study of soil and rock mechanics, and the design and construction of structures that are built on or in the ground.7.Transportation engineering –交通运输工程Transportation engineering is a sub-discipline of civil engineering that dealswith the design and construction of transportation infrastructure, such as roads, highways, and airports.8.Hydrology –水文学Hydrology is the study of water and its movement on the surface of the Earth, including precipitation, streams, rivers, and groundwater.9.Water resources engineering –水资源工程Water resources engineering is a sub-discipline of civil engineering that deals with the study of water resources and the design and construction of structures that manage and distribute water, including dams, reservoirs, and water treatment plants.10.Environmental engineering –环境工程Environmental engineering is a sub-discipline of civil engineering that deals with the study of environmental engineering principles and the design and construction of structures that protect the environment, such as water treatment plants and wastewater treatment plants.11.Construction –建造Construction refers to the process of building structures from design plans and specifications.12.Industrial engineering –工业工程Industrial engineering is a discipline that deals with the optimization of complex processes, systems, and organizations, with the goal of improving efficiency, productivity, and safety.13.Quantity surveying –工程测量Quantity surveying is the process of determining the quantity, cost, and value of materials needed to complete a construction project.14.Building –建筑物Building refers to a structure that is built for a specific purpose, such as a house, office building, or factory.15.Foundation –基础Foundation refers to the part of a structure that is in direct contact with the ground and supports the weight of the structure.16.Reinforcement –钢筋加固Reinforcement refers to the process of adding materials, such as steel bars, to strengthen a structure.17.Retaining wall –挡土墙A retaining wall is a structure that is built to support soil and prevent it from sliding down a slope.18.Roadway –道路A roadway is a paved surface that is designed for vehicles and pedestrians to travel on.19.Bridge –桥梁A bridge is a structure that is built to span a physical obstacle, such as a river or gorge, and provide a safe means of transportation.20.Culvert –排水管A culvert is a structure that is built to allow water to pass under a roadway or other structure.21.Dam –水坝A dam is a structure that is built to control the flow of water and to provide water for human consumption, irrigation, and hydroelectric power.22.Pile –桩A pile is a foundation support structure that is driven into the ground to supporta structure.23.Slab –地板A slab is a flat, horizontal surface that is used as a flooring material or to supporta structure.24.Tunnel –隧道A tunnel is an underground structure that is built for transportation, utilities, or other purposes.25.Asphalt –沥青Asphalt is a sticky, black, and highly viscous liquid that is used as a binder for paving materials.以上就是土木工程类英文专业词汇的介绍，这些专业词汇对于在土木工程领域中工作或学习的人来说都是非常重要的。
土木工程英语专业词汇小集
一、绪论土木（Civil）土木工程（Civil engineering）土木工程师（Civil engineers）施工管理（construction management）城市规划师（urban planners）施工工程（construction engineering）工程管理（engineering management）工程教学（engineering teaching）二、材料材料（materials）温度（temperature）膨胀（expand）收缩（contract）混凝土（concrete）钢筋混凝土（reinforced concrete）沥青（asphalt）砖（brick）石材（stone）木材（wooden）钢材（steel）玻璃（glass）抵抗（resist）压力（compression）挤压（squeeze）压碎（crush）拉力（tension）拉（pull）纤维的（fibrous）装饰（decoration）饰品（ornament）Alloy steels（合金钢）Steel wires（钢丝）durability（耐久性）hydraulic cement（水硬性水泥）lime（石灰）三、基础工程土工试验（soil experiments）自重（the own weight）岩土工程（Geotechnical engineering）岩土特性分析（analyze the properties of soils and rocks）沉降（settlement）基础（foundation）坡体（slopes）填土（fills）压缩（compaction）颗粒（particle）淤泥（silt）粘土（clay）砂（sand）砾石（gravel）岩石（rock）稳定（stability）强度（strength）上部结构（superstructure）下部结构（substructure）变形（deform）回弹（rebound）时间相关的（time-dependent）施加（impose）隆起（heave）不均匀的（uneven）倾斜的（leaning）开裂（crack）倒塌（collapse）扩展基础（spread footing）raftor mat（筏式基础）土力学（soil mechanics）桩（pile）The allowable bearing pressure（允许承载力）building code（建筑规范）grade beam（地梁）the retention of earth（填土）slide（滑移）overturn（倾覆）rigid（刚性的）discontinuity（不连续性）floating foundation（浮式基础）survey（勘察）samples of soil and rock（岩土试样）Bore（钻孔）地基土（subsoil）shear（剪力）四、建筑工程建筑物（building）建筑学（architecture）结构（structures）结构工程（structural engineering）梁（beam）跨越（span）弯曲（bend）支座（support）柱（column）应力（stress），柱（post）框架（frame）外墙（exterior walls）承重墙（bearing walls）柱（post）过梁（lintel）简支梁（simple beam）骨架（skeleton）悬臂的（cantilever）特种结构（special structures ）可居住的（habitable）自然采光（natural light）人工照明（artificial light）耐久性（permanence）砌体（masonry）筒体（tube）刚度（stiffness）刚梁（rigid beam）刚性框架（rigid frames）桁架（trusses）侧向稳定（lateral stability）公共建筑（public building）高层建筑（tall buildings）超高层建筑（ultrahigh rise buildings）围护（skin）应力蒙皮（stressed-skin）风荷载（wind load）刚性带桁架框架（frames with rigid belt trusses）框筒（framed tube）束筒（bundled tube）滑移（drift）筒中筒（tube in tube）剪力墙（shear wall）组合体系（composite system）。
交通工程专业英语词汇(整理版)
交通工程专业英语词汇(整理版)1. Infrastructure 架构，基础设施2. Highway 高速公路3. Road 路，街道4. Street 道路，街道5. Freeway 高速公路6. Expressway 高速公路7. Lane 车道8. Intersection 十字路口9. Bridge 桥10. Tunnel 隧道11. Roundabout 环状交叉路口12. Overpass 高架桥13. Underpass 地下通道14. Shoulder 路肩15. Sidewalk 人行道16. Traffic congestion 交通拥堵17. Traffic flow 交通流量18. Traffic signal 交通信号灯19. Traffic light 交通信号灯20. Pedestrian 行人21. Bicycle 自行车22. Parking 停车23. Ramp 匝道24. Flyover 天桥25. Crosswalk 人行横道26. Speed limit 限速27. Road sign 路牌28. Traffic control 交通控制29. Traffic regulation 交通规则30. Roadway 车道31. Curb 道缘石32. Median 隔离带33. Right of way 优先通行权34. Traffic safety 交通安全35. Transport transportation 运输36. Public transportation 公共交通37. Car vehicle 汽车38. Bus 公交车39. Taxi 出租车40. Motorbike 摩托车41. Scooter 踏板摩托车42. Truck 卡车43. Pedestrian zone 步行区44. Road construction 道路施工45. Traffic accident 交通事故46. Traffic police 交警以上是一些交通工程专业常用的英语词汇，希望对您有所帮助。
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隧道工程英语专业词汇隧道工程tunnel engineering隧道tunnel铁路隧道railway tunnel公路隧道highway tunnel地铁隧道subway tunnel;underground railway tunnel;metro tunnel 人行隧道pedestrian tunnel水工隧洞hydraulic tunnel输水隧道raulic tunnel山岭隧道mountain tunnel水下隧道subaqueous tunnel海底隧道水下隧道submarinetunnel;underwater tunnel土质隧道earth tunnel岩石隧道rock tunnel浅埋隧道shallow tunnel;shallow-depth tunnel;shallow burying tunnel深埋隧道deep tunnel;deep-depth tunnel;deep burying tunnel 偏压隧道unsymmetrical loading tunnel马蹄形隧道拱形隧道horse-shoe tunnel;arch tunnel圆形隧道circular tunnel矩形隧道rectangular section tunnel 大断面隧道largecross-section tunnel 长隧道long tunnel双线隧道twin-track tunnel;double track tunnel曲线隧道curved tunnel明洞open tunnel;open cut tunnel;tunnel without cover;gallery隧道勘测tunnel survey超前探测drift boring工程地质勘测工程地质勘探engineering geological prospecting隧道测量tunnel survey施工测量construction survey断面测量section survey隧道设计tunnel design隧道断面tunnel section安全系数safety coefficient隧道力学tunnel mechanics隧道结构tunnel structure隧道洞口设施facilities of tunnel portal 边墙side wall拱顶arch crown拱圈tunnel arch仰拱inverted arch底板base plate;floor隧道埋深depth of tunnel隧道群tunnel group隧道施工tunnel construction隧道开挖tunnel excavation分部开挖partial excavation大断面开挖large cross-section excavation全断面开挖full face tunnelling开挖面excavated surface隧道施工方法tunnel construction method 钻爆法drilling and blasting method 新奥法natm;new austrian tunnelling method盾构法shield driving method;shield method顶进法pipe jacking method;jack-in method浅埋暗挖法sallow buried-tunnelling method明挖法cut and cover tunneling;open cut method地下连续墙法underground diaphragm wall method;underground wall method冻结法freezing method沉埋法immersed tube method管棚法pipe-shed method综合机械化掘进comprehensive mechanized excavation辅助坑道auxiliary adit;service gallery 平行坑道parallel adit竖井shaft斜井sloping shaft;inclined shaft 导坑heading 衬砌工艺lining process喷锚锚喷anchor bolt spray;anchor bolt-spray管段tube section接缝joint地层加固reinforcing of natural ground 弃碴ballast piling施工监控construction monitor control 超挖overbreak欠挖underbreak施工进度construction progress隧道贯通tunnel holing-through工期work period隧道施工机械tunnel construction machinery隧道掘进机tunnelling machine;tunnelboring machine;tbm单臂掘进机single cantilever tunnelling machine全断面掘进机full face tunnel boring machine隧道钻眼爆破机械machine for tunnel drilling and blasting operation装碴运输机械loading-conveying ballast equipment衬砌机械lining mechanism钢模板steel form模板台车formworking jumbo混凝土喷射机砼喷射机concrete sprayer盾构shield泥水盾构slurry shield气压盾构air pressure shield挤压闭胸盾构shotcrete closed shield土压平衡盾构soil pressure balancing shield 注浆机械grouting machine凿岩机rock drilling machine;air hammer drill凿岩台车drill jumbo;rock drilling jumbo围岩surrounding rock围岩分类surrounding rock classification围岩加固surrounding rock consolidation围岩稳定surrounding rock stability围岩应力surrounding rock stress围岩压力pressure of surrounding rock 山体压力围岩压力ground pressure;surrounding rock pressure围岩变形surrounding rock deformation围岩破坏surrounding rock failure软弱围岩weak surrounding rock支护support锚喷支护anchor bolt-spray support 锚杆支护anchor bolt-support;anchor bolt support喷射混凝土支护喷射砼支护shotcrete support;sprayed concrete support配筋喷射混凝土支护配筋喷射砼支护reinforced sprayed concrete support钢架喷射混凝土支护钢架喷射砼支护rigid-frame shotcrete support掘进工作面支护excavation face support超前支护advance support管棚支护pipe-shed support;pipe roofing support胶结型锚杆adhesive anchor bolt 砂浆锚杆mortar bolt树脂锚杆resin anchored bolt摩擦型锚杆friction anchor bolt楔缝式锚杆slit wedge type rock bolt涨壳式锚杆expansion type anchor bolt 机械型锚杆mechanical anchor bolt预应力锚杆prestressed anchor bolt土层锚杆soil bolt岩石锚杆rock bolt衬砌lining整体式衬砌integral tunnel lining;integral lining拼装式衬砌precast lining组合衬砌composite lining挤压混凝土衬砌挤压砼衬砌shotcrete tunnellining;extruding concretetunnel lining混凝土衬砌砼衬砌concrete lining喷锚衬砌shotcrete and boltlining;shotcrete bolt lining 隧道通风tunnel ventilation施工通风construction ventilation运营通风operation ventilation机械通风mechanical ventilation自然通风natural ventilation隧道射流式通风隧道射流通风efflux ventilation for tunnel;tunnel efflux ventilation;tunnel injector type ventilation隧道通风帘幕curtain for tunnel ventilation;ventilation curtain 通风设备ventilation equipment隧道照明tunnel illumination;tunnel lighting 照明设备lighting equipment隧道防水Tunnelwaterproofing;waterproofing of tunnel防水板waterproofingboard;waterproofboard;waterproof sheet防水材料waterproof material隧道排水tunnel drainage排水设备drainage facilites隧道病害tunnel defect衬砌裂损lining split;lining **ing隧道漏水water leakage oftunnel;tunnel leak坍方landslide;slip地面塌陷land yielding涌水gushing water隧道养护tunnel maintenance堵漏leaking stoppage注浆grouting化学注浆chemical grouting防寒cold-proof整治regulation限界检查clearance examination;checking of clearance;clearance check measurement隧道管理系统tunnelling management system隧道环境tunnel environment隧道试验隧道实验tunnel test试验段实验段test section隧道监控量测隧道监控测量tunnel monitoring measurement收敛convergence隧道安全tunnel safety隧道防火tunnel fire proofing火灾fire hazard消防fire fighting隧道防灾设施tunnel disaster prevention equipment;tunnel anti-disaster equipment报警装置报警器alarming device;warning device通过隧道passing tunnel避车洞refuge hole避难洞避车洞refuge recess;refuge hole 电气化铁道工程电气化铁路工程electrified railway construction电气化铁道电气化铁路electrified railway直流电气化铁道dc electrified railway交流电气化铁道交流电气化铁路a.c.electrification railway低频电气化铁道low frequency electrified railway工频电气化铁道工频电气化铁路industry frequency electrified railway电压制voltage system电流制current system。