非谓语动词-过去分词知识点总结
非谓语过去分词的用法总结
非谓语过去分词的用法总结一、介绍非谓语过去分词非谓语过去分词是英语中一种特殊形式的动词形式,它可以在句子中作为动词、形容词或副词使用。
在句子中,过去分词可以修饰主语、宾语或其他名词,并且具有副词性质。
二、作定语用的非谓语过去分词1. 修饰名词非谓语过去分词可以用来修饰名词,通常放在被修饰的名词前面,并且表示该名次所具备的状态或特征。
例如:- A broken chair is lying in the corner.这个破椅子躺在角落里。
- The stolen necklace was found in his pocket.那条被偷的项链在他的口袋里找到了。
2. 描述原因或感觉非谓语过去分词也可以用来描述一个人或事物产生某种感觉或意见。
例如:- I was tired after working for ten hours straight.连续工作10个小时后,我感到疲倦。
- He felt relaxed, having finished all his assignments.他做完了所有作业,感到轻松愉快。
三、作状语用的非谓语过去分词1. 表示时间或原因非谓语过去分词可以用来表示一个动作或事件发生的时间或原因。
通常放在主要动词之后,意义上连接两个动作。
例如:- Having finished his homework, he went out to play.做完家庭作业后,他出去玩了。
- Being tired, I didn't go to the party.因为感到疲倦,我没有去参加派对。
2. 表示条件非谓语过去分词也可以用来表示某个条件。
通常与if连用,并且放在句首或句末位置。
例如:- If invited, he will attend the meeting.如果被邀请,他会参加会议。
- She can go with us, provided having enough time.如果有足够的时间,她能和我们一起去。
非谓语-过去分词
With的复合结构在分词中的用法 的复合结构在分词中的用法 1.with+名词 或代词)+ 名词( )+现在分词 1.with+名词(或代词)+现在分词 分词的动作的发出者或某动作, (强调名词是 -ing分词的动作的发出者或某动作,状态 分词的动作的发出者或某动作 正在进行) 正在进行) fast, 1)With prices going up so fast, we can't afford luxuries. 由于物价上涨很快,我们买不起高档商品。( 。(原因状 由于物价上涨很快,我们买不起高档商品。(原因状 语) cheering, 2)With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace. 在人群的欢呼声中,他们驱车来到皇宫。( 。(伴随情 在人群的欢呼声中,他们驱车来到皇宫。(伴随情 况)
Given more time, he can do it better. 条件状语) (条件状语) If given another chance, I’ll do it better. Caught in the rain, I was wet all through. 原因状语) (原因状语) Although warned of danger, he still went skating on the thin ice. 让步状语) ( 让步状语)
1.With my money _____(lose), I can’t buy it now. 2.With winter _______ (come), I feel happy 3._____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose 4.The Olympic Games,___ in 776 B.C,did not include , women players until 1912. A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first playing 5.Cleaning women in big cities usually get ____ by the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay 6.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ___ the next year. A. carry put B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
(完整版)高考英语非谓语动词知识点
非谓语动词一、非谓语动词的概念非谓语形式有三种: 1.动词不定式:to do表示目的和将来2、动词的ing(动名词) : doing表示主动和进行 3.动词的过去分词:done表示被动和完成二、非谓语动词的时态和语态一般式完成式进行式不定式主动to do to have done to be doing被动to be done to have been doneing 形式主动doing having done被动being done having been done过去分词被动done三、非谓语动词的做题步骤:1、判定是否用非谓语形式。
方法:看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了。
2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
方法:非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
3、判断主被动关系。
方法:非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。
4、判断时间关系。
方法:分析句子,看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。
之前常用done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing。
一、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语:1). 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。
动词ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。
如:________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walkB. WalkingC. To walkD. Walk2). 不定式作主语时,常用it 作形式主语,即用句型:It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth.It’s important for us to learn English well. It’s kind of you to help us.注意:下面几个句型是用动名词:It’s no good / use doing sth. There is no point(in)doing sth2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较:1)、不定式、动名词作表语,.表示主语的内容。
高中英语非谓语的知识点总结
高中英语非谓语的知识点总结高中英语非谓语的知识点非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词包含四种形式,即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。
其中,每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。
具体如下:1. 不定式①基本形式:to do(表示主动,并且一般表示将来)②被动式:to be done(表示被动,并且一般表示将来)③进行式:to be doing (表示主动和进行)④完成时:to have done(表示主动和完成)⑤完成被动式:to have been done(表示被动和完成)⑥完成进行式:to have been doing (表示主动和完成进行)The teacher told us to do morning exercises.老师让我们做早操。
The car to be bought is for his sister.要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。
She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom.老师进来时,她假装正在读书。
The thief is said to have escaped.据说小偷已经逃跑了。
The thief is said to have been arrested.据说小偷已经被抓住了。
She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years.据说在过去的20年里,她一直在这家工厂工作。
2. 动名词①基本形式:doing (表示主动)②被动式:being done(表示被动)③完成式:having done(表示主动和完成)④完成被动式:having been done(表示被动和完成)Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.在未来,普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。
非谓语动词--过去分词
(2014年广东高考--语法填空) 1. We had made our reservation six months earlier, but the man at the front desk said there were told (tell) that had been a mistake. We ___________ our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week, but for the week after. 2. The next day, my brother and I went to the beach where we watched some people play sunburnt (sunburn), volleyball. We got a little __________ but the day had been so relaxing that we didn’t mind.
(2013年深圳第一次调研) 5. I stood there _________ puzzled (puzzle). Suddenly I realized the handsome young fellow had cheated me. (2013汕头期末统考) designed 6. You can have program specially __________ (design) to suit you, or you can just ask staff to make a few suggestions about activities to do. (2012年广东两校联考) Hearing (hear) that, 7. “What can I do?” _________ the boatman replied calmly , “It doesn’t matter. I’m coming to dive for the man …
非谓语过去分词的用法总结 (2)
非谓语过去分词的用法总结一、引言非谓语动词是英语中的一个重要结构,它包括不定式、现在分词和过去分词。
过去分词作为非谓语动词的一种形式,具有独特的用法和功能。
本文将总结过去分词的用法,以帮助读者更好地掌握这个语法结构。
二、修饰主语1. 过去分词可以作为主语补语修饰主语。
例如:- Exhausted from the long journey, Mary fell asleep immediately.疲惫不堪的玛丽立刻睡着了。
- Astonished by the news, Bob couldn't speak for a moment.被这个消息惊呆了,鲍勃一时无言。
2. 过去分词可以作为名词前置定语修饰名词。
例如:- The stolen car was found abandoned in a nearby parking lot.那辆被偷走的汽车被发现抛弃在附近的停车场里。
- The written report needs to be submitted before Friday.书面报告需要在星期五之前提交。
三、表示原因、目的和结果1. 过去分词可以表示原因。
例如:- Frightened by a loud noise, the cat ran away.受到巨大声响吓到,猫跑了。
- Inspired by her success, he decided to pursue his dreams.在她的成功的鼓舞下,他决定追求自己的梦想。
2. 过去分词可以表示目的。
例如:- He took a taxi to the airport, excited to see his family after a long time.他乘出租车去机场,因为有很长时间没见到家人而感到兴奋。
3. 过去分词可以表示结果。
例如:- The heavy rain brought flooding to the city, causing severe damage.暴雨给该市带来洪水,造成重大损失。
非谓语动词的用法讲解过去分词的用法
过去分词的用法
过去分词作表语
1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是 被动关系,表示主语的状态,既表示被动, 又表示完成。
(1) The cup is broken. 茶杯破了。
2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语 是主动关系,表示主语的状态,只表示动作 的完成。
A He had been told many times B Having been told many times C Told many times D Although he had been told many times
5 When first _B__to the market , these products
(1) The cup was broken by my little sister
yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。(是被动语态, 表示动作)
(2) The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了。(过去 分词作表语)
【注意】过去分词表示被动或完成, -ing 形式表示主 动或进行。有些动词如 interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修 饰人,用 -ing 形式来修饰物。
Greatly touched by the teacher’s words
2. As he was surprised at what happened,
Tom didn’t know what to do.
Surprised at what happened
1 D____ time ,he will make a first-class tennis
英语语法:非谓语动词 -过去分词
作表语
〔注〕有些带-ed结尾的词,并不是过去分词,而是由名词变 化而来的形容词。
作表语
〔注〕有些带-ed结尾的词,并不是过去分词,而是由名词变 化而来的形容词。 I'm ashamed of myself for it. 为此我自感羞愧。
1)构成谓语
①“have+过去分词done”可以构成谓语动词完成时态或非谓语动词的完成 式。
I haven't been out much recently. (现在完成时) 我最近没太出门。 I knew you had been busy for a long time. (过去完成时) 我知道你一直很忙。 I'm sorry not to have given you enough care. (不定式完成式) 我很抱歉没有给你足够的关心。
Don’t say that! She was annoyed at your saying that. 不要说啦!你这样讲她很不高兴。
We were so bored that we couldn't help yawning. 我们厌烦得要命,禁不住打起了呵欠。
作表语
注意:这种结构和被动语态是有差别的:
作表语
注意:这种结构和被动语态是有差别的:
①“be+表语”结构表示一种状态,而被动语态表示一个动作。 试比较下面句子: The shop is closed now. 商店已关门。(be+表语,表状态) The shop is usually closed at 8 o’clock. 商店通常8 点关门。(被动语态,表动作) He was wounded in the arm. 他手臂受了伤的。(be+表语,表状态)
非谓语动词分词的用法总结
非谓语动词分词的用法总结一、非谓语动词分词的基本概念及形式非谓语动词分词是英语中的一种特殊用法,常用来表达被动、完成、主动等不同含义。
在句子中作为定语、状语或补语,并且有时可以替代从句。
它的形式通常为“过去分词”或“现在分词”,具体使用取决于上下文和句子结构。
1. 过去分词过去分词通常由动词原形后加上-ed或-d构成,如:played, taken, finished等。
它可以表示被动意义,也可以表示稍微延续的状态或完成的行为。
2. 现在分词现在分词通常由动词原形后加-ing构成,如:playing, taking, working等。
它可以表示主动进行的行为,同时也具有形容词性质。
二、非谓语动词分词作定语非谓语动词分词可以用作定语来修饰名词,起到进一步说明、限定名次的作用。
1. 过去分词作定语过去分词作为定语时,通常修饰被其所描述的名次,如:broken heart (破碎的心) ,cooked rice (煮熟的米饭)等。
它可以表示被动或完成的状态。
2. 现在分词作定语现在分词作为定语时,通常修饰与之相关的名次,并且描述正在进行或主动发生的行为,如:a running river (奔流的河流) ,a barking dog (叫唤的狗)等。
三、非谓语动词分词作状语非谓语动词分词可以用作状语来修饰句子、从句或名词短语,起到表示时间、原因、方式、条件等不同功能的作用。
1. 过去分词作状语过去分词作为状语时,可以表示原因、结果、条件、时间等。
例如:Having finished his homework, he went out to play. (完成了家庭作业后,他出去玩了)2. 现在分词作状语现在分词作为状语时,可以表达同时进行、原因、方式等含义。
例如:Walking slowly, she enjoyed the beautiful scenery. (慢慢地走着,她欣赏美丽的风景)四、非谓语动词分词作补语非谓语动词分词还可以用来充当及物动词的宾补或形容词的补足语,起到补充说明、进一步描述的作用。
高中英语知识点归纳非谓语动词的特殊形式和用法
高中英语知识点归纳非谓语动词的特殊形式和用法非谓语动词是英语中的一种特殊用法,不具备人称和数的变化,不可作谓语,常以动词形式出现在句子中。
本文将针对高中英语中非谓语动词的特殊形式和用法进行归纳总结。
一、非谓语动词的特殊形式1. 动词不定式(Infinitive)动词不定式以to+动词原形构成,可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。
例如:To learn a foreign language is important.(作主语)2. 现在分词(Present Participle)现在分词以-ing结尾,可以作定语、表语或状语。
例如:The girl sitting next to me is my sister.(作定语)3. 过去分词(Past Participle)过去分词可以作定语、表语、状语或动词的宾语补足语。
例如:The broken vase belongs to my grandmother.(作定语)二、非谓语动词的用法1. 不定式作主语示例:To make a decision is not easy.2. 不定式作宾语示例:I want to visit Paris next summer.3. 不定式作表语示例:His dream is to become a doctor.4. 不定式作定语示例:He needs a book to read in his spare time.5. 不定式作状语示例:I went to the library to study.6. 现在分词作定语示例:The students sitting at the back of the classroom are talking.7. 现在分词作表语示例:The book is interesting.8. 现在分词作状语示例:Crying loudly, the baby woke up the whole neighborhood.9. 过去分词作定语示例:The broken glass cut my finger.10. 过去分词作表语示例:I am excited about the news.11. 过去分词作状语示例:Having finished his homework, he went out to play basketball.以上便是高中英语中非谓语动词的特殊形式和用法的归纳总结。
非谓语动词用法精讲过去分词作结果状语的用法和注意事项
非谓语动词用法精讲过去分词作结果状语的用法和注意事项过去分词作为结果状语时,常用于表达某个动作或状态所产生的结果或影响,并且该结果与动作或状态之间具有因果关系。
本文将重点介绍过去分词作结果状语的用法和注意事项。
一、过去分词作结果状语的基本形式过去分词作结果状语通常放在句子的末尾,修饰前面的动词或整个句子的行为或状态,并且可以通过独立结构或现在分词短语等方式来表示。
以下是几种常见的表达形式:1. 独立结构过去分词可以作为独立结构来表示结果状语,通常使用形式为“过去分词 + 宾语”。
例如:(1) The painting finished, he put it on display.(画完成后,他将其展示出来。
)(2) The work done, we went home.(工作完成后,我们回家了。
)2. 现在分词短语过去分词也可以通过现在分词短语的形式来表达结果状语,即“过去分词 + 现在分词”。
例如:(1) Shocked by the news, she couldn't say a word.(被这个消息震惊了,她一言不发。
)(2) Surprised and excited, we hurried to the airport.(感到惊讶又兴奋,我们匆忙赶往机场。
)二、过去分词作结果状语的语义特点1. 结果状语的时间先于主句的发生时间过去分词作结果状语所表达的结果通常发生在主句中所描述的动作或状态之前。
因此,它往往表示的是过去的动作或状态所产生的结果。
例如:(1) Exhausted from the long day, he fell asleep immediately.(因为一天的劳累,他立刻睡着了。
)(2) Inspired by the movie, she decided to become a director.(受到这部电影的启发,她决定成为一名导演。
)2. 与主语存在因果关系过去分词作结果状语常常与句子的主语存在因果关系。
最全的非谓语动词知识点总结
最全的非谓语动词知识点总结非谓语动词是指动词的非动词形式,分为动词不定式、动名词和现在分词、过去分词。
下面是非谓语动词的最全知识点总结:一、动词不定式(Infinitive)1.动词不定式的形式:- 常规形式:to+动词原形(to do)- 被动形式:to be done- 完成形式:to have done2.动词不定式的用法:- 作主语:To read books is my hobby.- 作宾语:I want to go home.- 作定语:Can you give me something to eat?- 作状语:I study hard to pass the exam.3.动词不定式与一些动词搭配:- 动词make, let, have, help后接动词原形作宾语:She made me clean the room.- 动词比如tell, ask, advise, want, expect后可接动词不定式作宾语补足语:She told me to go there.二、动名词(Gerund)1.动名词的形式:- 动词原形+ing(doing)2.动名词的用法:- 作主语:Swimming is good for health.- 作宾语:I enjoy reading books.- 作表语:His job is teaching English.- 作定语:The running water sounds relaxing.- 作状语:I walked home, singing songs.3.动名词与一些动词搭配:- 动词stop, finish, keep, mind后接动名词作宾语:He finished reading the book.- 动词enjoy, dislike, mind后接动名词作宾语:I enjoy swimming.三、现在分词(Present Participle)1.现在分词的形式:- 原形+ing(doing)2.现在分词的用法:- 作定语:The crying baby needs attention.- 作状语:He left the party, feeling disappointed.3.现在分词与一些动词搭配:- 动词keep, catch, find后接现在分词作宾补:I caught him stealing my money.- 动词see, hear, notice后接现在分词作宾补:I saw him walking in the park.四、过去分词(Past Participle)1.过去分词的形式:- 动词的过去分词形式(done)2.过去分词的用法:- 用于完成时态:I have finished my homework.- 用于被动语态:The book was written by him.3.过去分词与一些动词搭配:- 动词have, has, had, get, be等后接过去分词构成完成时态:He has eaten breakfast.- 动词make, let, have, get后接过去分词构成被动语态:She was made to clean the room.。
非谓语动词---过去分词
过去分词1. 过去分词的定义动词的-ed分词即过去分词,但也有不规则的形式,不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的构成规则,要逐个记忆。
过去分词一般表示完成和被动的动作,只有一个形式。
2. 过去分词的语法作用:在句中可以作表语、定语、状语或补足语。
1) 过去分词作表语,主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。
如:Don’t touch the glass because it is broken.不要碰那个杯子,它是坏的。
He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。
过去分词作表语用,相当于形容词,最常用的有:delighted,disappointed,discouraged,drunk,amused,astonished,interested,crowed,tired,surprised等。
练习:1.门仍然锁着。
2.他显得很激动。
2) 过去分词做定语:单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面,相当于一个定语从句。
如:The excited people rushed into the building. 激动的人们奔进了大楼。
We need more qualified teachers. 我们需要更多合格的教师。
过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面,相当于一个定语从句。
如:Is there anything planned for tomorrow? 明天有什么活动吗?The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager.外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。
练习:英语口语被压迫的人民。
地上有许多落叶。
这是一本农民写的书。
3) 过去分词做状语:过去分词和-ing分词作状语一样,也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
①表时间,相当于一个时间状语从句,有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。
非谓语动词-过去分词
非谓语动词三过去分词定义:过去分词既具有动词的特征,又具备形容词和副词的语法功能. 表完成、被动、状态。
1做定语表完成\被动。
表完成----这类词有:gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。
Boiled water [开了的水] Fallen leaves[落叶] Newly arrived goods[0新到的货] The risen sun[升起的太阳] The changed world The changed out looking.表被动:A invited client [一位受邀请的客人] The window broken by the little boy The car found by the local police The injured worker was sent away.※注※:分词单独作定语时,放在被修饰词语前面Our class went on an [organized] trip last Monday.分词短语做定语时,放在被修饰词语后面Those [elected as committee members] will attend the meeting. ※注※:过去分词做定语,相当于一个定语从句:Our class went on an trip [which was organized] last Monday.Those [ who were elected as committee members] will attend the meeting.2做表语: 表状态----表示其[逻辑主语] 所处的状态:[注:被动语态中,动作的承受者称为[逻辑主语],如She was seen by me中She是逻辑主语,Me是实际主语。
] The window is broken. We feel bored. She looks disappointed.They became confused. The door remained locked. We are pleased with the meal.The case stay closed. They were frightened at the sad sight.※注※:作表语的过去分词在字典中已经被列为形容词Crowed Devoted Discouraged Done Dressed Experienced Frightened Broken Drunk Learned Satisfied interested killed known Undressed Surprised Hurt Gone Worried Lost Completed Shut covered Astonished Pleased※注※:表状态的过去分词有:Lost Seated Hiddden Lost in Dressed inFrightened Satisfied tired Disappointed Interested Relaxed Pleased Scared.常用的词组Stationed Absorbed in[沉溺于] Born Dressed in Tired of Fixed on Prepared for Furnished with Equipped with Devoted to Armed with Caught in Located in situated in Employed in Delighted at Disappointed at Surprised at Shocked at Astonished at Experienced in Satisfied with concerned with Worried about Supposed to crowed with Determined to.※注※: B e+过去分词,过去分词可作表语也可充当被动语态。
非谓语动词口诀(整理版)
非谓语动词口诀(整理版)非谓语动词口诀(整理版)一、不定式1. 主动形式:动词原形2. 被动形式:to be + 动词的过去分词(Ved)二、动名词1. 主动形式:动词的ing形式2. 被动形式:being + 动词的过去分词(Ved)三、现在分词1. 主动形式:动词的ing形式2. 被动形式:动词的现在分词形式+being + 动词的过去分词(Ved)四、过去分词1. 主动形式:动词的过去分词形式(Ved)2. 被动形式:having been + 动词的过去分词(Ved)五、不定式作状语1. 表示目的:in order to / so as to / to2. 表示结果:so that3. 表示原因:for / to / in order to / so as to4. 表示方式:by / by + 动词的ing形式5. 表示条件:if / provided (that) / unless六、非谓语动词作主语1. 不定式:to do2. 动名词:doing3. 现在分词:doing4. 过去分词:done七、非谓语动词作宾语1. 不定式:动词原形2. 动名词:动词的ing形式3. 现在分词:动词的ing形式4. 过去分词:动词的过去分词形式(Ved)八、非谓语动词作定语1. 不定式:to do2. 动名词:doing3. 现在分词:doing4. 过去分词:done九、非谓语动词作表语1. 不定式:be + 不定式2. 动名词:be + 动词的ing形式3. 现在分词:be + 动词的ing形式4. 过去分词:be + 动词的过去分词形式(Ved)总结:非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词,分别可以用于不同的语法结构,如状语、主语、宾语、定语和表语等。
掌握非谓语动词的不同形式和用法,对于提高语言表达的准确性和多样性非常重要。
希望以上的口诀能够帮助你记忆和理解非谓语动词的用法。
非谓语动词的考点总结
语法专题非谓语动词to do(动词不定式)、doing(现在分词、动名词)、done{过去分词}统称为非谓语动词。
这三类动词的形式在句中不能单独作谓语,统称非谓语动词。
下面进行分类解析。
一to do(动词不定式)可以充当谓语以外的任何成分(英语中的句子成分有七种:主、谓、宾、定、状、补、表、同位语)。
不定式所作的成分如下:1.作主语To learn English is important.不定式短语作主语时, 往往放在谓语之后, 用it作形式主语, 例如:It is right to give up smoking. 戒烟是对的(常考/用句式:It is important/necessary/dangerous to do sth)2. 作宾语动词不定式做宾语时, 如果还带有宾语补足语, 往往把不定式放在宾语补足语之后, 而用it作形式宾语. 例如:I find it interesting to work with him. 我感觉和他一起工作很有趣.(常考/用句式:find/feel/think/believe/consider it important/necessary/dangerous to do sth)3. 作定语:动词不定式作定语时,和其所修饰的名词间有三种关系a.动宾关系如I have homework to do. to do是homework的定语,可以说do homework 因此不定式to do 中的do和被修饰词homework之间是动宾关系b.主谓关系如I have a daughter to look after me. 我有可以照料我的女儿。
to look after me作a daughter的定语,可以说a daughter look after me,因此不定式to look after me中的look after me和被修饰词a daughter 之间是主谓关系。
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非谓语动词---过去分词知识总结
非谓语动词是指在句子中不充当谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词),即动词的非谓语形式。
非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分。
过去分词只有一种形式:规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。
不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求,要一一记住。
Ⅰ、过去分词的句法功能:
一、过去分词作定语:
Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。
Those selected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。
注意:
1.当过去分词是单词时,一般用于名词前,如果是过去分词短语,就放在名词的后面。
2.过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
二、过去分词作表语:
The window is broken. 窗户破了。
They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。
注意:be + 过去分词,如果表示状态是系表结构,如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。
区别:The window is broken.(系表)
The window was broken by the boy.(被动)
有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的,不表示被动,只表示完成。
如:boiled water(开水) fallen leaves(落叶)newly arrived goods(新到的货)
the risen sun(升起的太阳)the changed world(变了的世界)
这类过去分词有:gone,come,fallen,risen,changed,arrived,returned,passed等。
三、过去分词作宾语补足语:
I heard the song sung several times last week.上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。
有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语:
With the work done,they went out to play. 工作做完了,他们出去玩去了。
四、过去分词作状语:
Praised by the neighbors, he became the pride of his parents.受到邻居们的表扬,他成为父母的骄傲。
(表示原因)
Once seen, it can never be forgotten.一旦它被看见,人们就忘不了。
(表示时间)
Given more time, I'll be able to do it better.如果给予更多的时间,我能做得更好。
(表示条件) Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.虽然被告之有危险,他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。
(表示让步)
Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充满了希望与恐惧,他走进山洞。