atmel Studio 6.1环境下的bootloader

网上有关AVR的bootloader配置大部分都是关于ICCAVR的，我用Atmel Studio 6.1弄了好久才出来，这里给大家讲下（我用的AT90CAN32）首先程序和马老师的几乎一样，只是稍微有改进，因为Atmel Studio 6.1本身有boot.h文件，包含该文件之后可以省去一些汇编的语言。

程序会在最后附上。

下面主要说下配置问题。

1、熔丝位配置：如图1图1JTAGEN 或SPIEN一定要打勾使能，要不然如果bootloader烧写不成功以后就不能用JTAG或SPI了，那么单片机就锁死了，我就锁死了一个单片机，哭晕。

BOOTSZ;选择1k或2k或3k或4kBOOTRST:打勾，这样的话程序会从bootloader定义的地址开始烧写，比如我的程序会从0X3800开始写入2、如图2点击project——>文件名porperties——>toolchain出现如图3所示，点击memory settings，在FLASH segment 中输入.text=0x3800(注意0x3800是和熔丝位设置的bootloader 区的大小一样的)图2图3点击Misellaneous,输入-WI,--section-start=.text=0x7000(其中0x7000是0x3800的二倍，如果你设置的不是0x3800，那么也只需要按照你设置的乘以2就行)图4到这里就配置完成了。

如果配置完成了，那么正常情况下就可以把程序烧写进入单片机了，这时候用串口就可以从单片机向上位机发送指令了，如果三秒钟之内给单片机回复d的话，单片机回复C之后，就可以向单片机发送命令了，这里用的是超级终端，WIN7本身没有超级终端，需要下载，我下载的是如图5所示的超级终端。

打开超级终端时候注意配置波特率和结束位等，还有就是发送文件时注意选择XMODEM协议。

剩下的就可以按照ICCAVR的方法进行发送和接收了，这里主要说的是配置方法和ICCAVR的不同图5#include <avr/io.h>#include<avr/boot.h>#include <inttypes.h>#include <avr/interrupt.h>#include <avr/pgmspace.h>#include <util/delay.h>#define SPM_PAGESIZE 256 //M128的一个Flash页为256字节(128字)#define BAUD 9600//波特率采用38400bps#define CRYSTAL 10000000 //系统时钟8MHz#define baud_l(UCHAR)(baud_setting) //低位#define UCHAR unsigned char#define UINT unsigned int#define ULONG unsigned long#define USHOT unsigned short#define DATA_BUFFER_SIZE SPM_PAGESIZE //定义接收缓冲区长度//定义Xmoden控制字符#define XMODEM_NUL 0x00#define XMODEM_SOH 0x01#define XMODEM_STX 0x02#define XMODEM_EOT 0x04#define XMODEM_ACK 0x06#define XMODEM_NAK 0x15#define XMODEM_CAN 0x18#define XMODEM_EOF 0x1A#define XMODEM_RECIEVING_WAIT_CHAR 'C'//定义全局变量const char startupString[]="Type 'd' download, Others run app.\n\r\0"; UCHAR data[DATA_BUFFER_SIZE];long address = 0;#define USART0_T PORTE |= (1<<PORTE2) //USART0发送使能#define USART0_R PORTE &= ~(1<<PORTE2) //USART0接收使能/*void boot_page_ew(long p_address,char code){asm("mov r30,r22\n""mov r31,r23\n""out 0x3b,r24\n"); //将页地址放入Z 寄存器和RAMPZ 的Bit0 中SPMCSR = code; //寄存器SPMCSR 中为操作码asm("spm\n"); //对指定Flash 页进行操作}//填充Flash 缓冲页中的一个字void boot_page_fill_1(unsigned int address,int data){asm("mov r30,r24\n""mov r31,r25\n" //Z 寄存器中为填冲页内地址"mov r0,r22\n""mov r1,r23\n"); //R0R1 中为一个指令字SPMCSR = 0x01;asm("spm\n");}//等待一个Flash 页的写完成void wait_page_rw_ok(void){while(SPMCSR & 0x40){while(SPMCSR & 0x01);SPMCSR = 0x11;asm("spm\n");}}//更新一个Flash 页的完整处理void write_one_page(void){int i;boot_page_ew(address,0x03); //擦除一个Flash 页wait_page_rw_ok(); //等待擦除完成for(i=0;i<SPM_PAGESIZE;i+=2) //将数据填入Flash 缓冲页中{boot_page_fill_1(address+i, data[i]+(data[i+1]<<8));//boot_page_fill_1(0x5555, 0x4444);}boot_page_ew(address,0x05); //将缓冲页数据写入一个Flash 页wait_page_rw_ok(); //等待写入完成}*///更新一个Flash页的完整处理void write_one_page(void){int i;uint8_t sreg;sreg = SREG;UINT K;//cli();//eeprom_busy_wait ();boot_page_erase(address); //擦除一个Flash页boot_spm_busy_wait (); //等待擦除完成for(i=0;i<SPM_PAGESIZE;i+=2) //将数据填入Flash缓冲页中{K=data[i]+data[i+1]*256;boot_page_fill(address+i,K);//boot_page_fill(address+i,0x1234);}boot_page_write(address); //将缓冲页数据写入一个Flash页boot_spm_busy_wait (); //等待写入完成//boot_rww_enable ();SREG = sreg;}/*void boot_program_page (uint32_t page, uint8_t *buf){uint16_t i;uint8_t sreg;// Disable interrupts.sreg = SREG;cli();eeprom_busy_wait ();boot_page_erase (page);boot_spm_busy_wait (); // Wait until the memory is erased.for (i=0; i<SPM_PAGESIZE; i+=2){// Set up little-endian word.uint16_t w = *buf++;w += (*buf++) << 8;boot_page_fill (page + i, w);}boot_page_write (page); // Store buffer in flash page.boot_spm_busy_wait(); // Wait until the memory is written.// Reenable RWW-section again. We need this if we want to jump back// to the application after bootloading.boot_rww_enable ();// Re-enable interrupts (if they were ever enabled).SREG = sreg;}*///从RS232发送一个字节void uart_putchar(char c){while(!(UCSR0A & 0x20));UDR0 = c;}//从RS232接收一个字节int uart_getchar(void){unsigned char status,res;if(!(UCSR0A & 0x80)) return -1; //no data to be receivedstatus = UCSR0A;res = UDR0;if (status & 0x1c) return -1; // If error, return -1return res;}//等待从RS232接收一个有效的字节char uart_waitchar(void){int c;while((c=uart_getchar())==-1);return (char)c;}//计算CRCint calcrc(char *ptr, int count){int crc = 0;char i;while (--count >= 0){crc = crc ^ (int) *ptr++ << 8;i = 8;do{if (crc & 0x8000)crc = crc << 1 ^ 0x1021;elsecrc = crc << 1;} while(--i);}return (crc);}//退出Bootloader程序，从0x0000处执行应用程序void quit(void){uart_putchar('O');uart_putchar('K');uart_putchar(0x0d);uart_putchar(0x0a);while(!(UCSR0A & 0x20)); //等待结束提示信息回送完成MCUCR = 0x01;MCUCR = 0x00; //将中断向量表迁移到应用程序区头部RAMPZ = 0x00; //RAMPZ 清零初始化SPMCSR = SPMCSR&0XFE;boot_rww_enable();asm("jmp 0x0000\n"); //跳转到Flash 的0x0000 处，执行用户的应用程序uart_putchar('O');uart_putchar('K');}//主程序void main(void){int i = 0;unsigned int timercount = 0;unsigned char packNO = 1;int bufferPoint = 0;unsigned int crc;UCHAR K1,K2;//初始化M128的USART0(UINT)((ULONG)CRYSTAL/(8*(ULONG)BAUD)-1)//UBRR0H = (UINT)((ULONG)CRYSTAL/(8*(ULONG)BAUD)-1)>>8;//UBRR0L = (UINT)((ULONG)CRYSTAL/(8*(ULONG)BAUD)-1); //Set baud rateUBRR0H = (CRYSTAL/BAUD/16-1)>>8;UBRR0L = CRYSTAL/BAUD/16-1; //Set baud rateUCSR0B = 0x18; //Enable Receiver and TransmitterUCSR0C = 0x0E; //Set frame format: 8data, 2stop bit//初始化M128的T/C0，15ms自动重载TCCR3B = (1<<WGM32)|(1<<CS31)|(1<<CS30); //64分频,CTC模式TIMSK3 = (1<<OCIE3A);TIFR3 = (1<<TOV3);TCNT3H = 0;TCNT3L = 0;OCR3AH = 0x03;//定时为5ms,0x030D OCR3AL = 0x0D;//向PC机发送开始提示信息while(startupString[i]!='\0'){USART0_T;uart_putchar(startupString[i]);i++;}//3秒种等待PC下发“d”，否则退出Bootloader程序，从0x0000处执行应用程序while(1){if(uart_getchar()== 'd') break;if (TIFR3 & 0x02) //timer0 over flow{if (++timercount > 600)quit(); //600*5ms = 3sTIFR3 = TIFR3|0x02;}}//每秒向PC机发送一个控制字符“C”，等待控制字〈soh〉while(uart_getchar()!=XMODEM_SOH) //receive the start of Xmodem{if(TIFR3 & 0x02) //timer0 over flow{if(++timercount > 200) //wait about 1 second{USART0_T;uart_putchar(XMODEM_RECIEVING_WAIT_CHAR); //send a "C"timercount=0;}TIFR3=TIFR3 | 0x02;}}//开始接收数据块do{K1=uart_waitchar();K2=(~uart_waitchar());if ((packNO == K1) && (packNO ==K2)){ //核对数据块编号正确for(i=0;i<128;i++) //接收128个字节数据{data[bufferPoint]= uart_waitchar();bufferPoint++;}crc = (uart_waitchar()<<8);crc += uart_waitchar(); //接收2个字节的CRC效验字if(calcrc(&data[bufferPoint-128],128)==crc) //CRC校验验证{ //正确接收128个字节数据while(bufferPoint >= SPM_PAGESIZE){ //正确接受256个字节的数据write_one_page(); //收到256字节写入一页Flash中address += SPM_PAGESIZE; //Flash页加1bufferPoint = 0;}USART0_T;uart_putchar(XMODEM_ACK); //正确收到一个数据块packNO++; //数据块编号加1}else{USART0_T;uart_putchar(XMODEM_NAK); //要求重发数据块}}else{USART0_T;uart_putchar(XMODEM_NAK); //要求重发数据块}}while(uart_waitchar()!=XMODEM_EOT); //循环接收，直到全部发完USART0_T;uart_putchar(XMODEM_ACK); //通知PC机全部收到if(bufferPoint)write_one_page(); //把剩余的数据写入Flash中quit(); //退出Bootloader程序，从0x0000处执行应用程序}。