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原文:
Globalization
Globalization is a phenomenon which has been revealed gradually since the early twentieth century, and it has also become the primary feature nowadays. It occupied several essential parts of our daily life, and brings such a significant influence to us. What is globalization? When has globalization emerged and spread? Why has economic globalization occurred? What are the effects of globalization? In the next paragraphs, I will explain these questions in details.
What is globalization? There is no uniform definition for this word. In general, globalization means cross-border flows of goods and capital (Schoolmate 29). It went through three stages – institutionalization, partial internationalization, and globalization. The cross-border flow of goods and capital is the original form of globalization. In this process, regional and international financial and managing organizations have collided and merged with economic entity, culture, living style, values, and ideology. Overall, globalization is economically focused, including political, cultural, technological, and military connection in each country, race and area.
When has globalization emerged and spread? The course of history of globalization has three phases. The first phase of modern globalization began to break down at the beginning of the twentieth century, with the First World War. From the middle decades to late twentieth century, the
second phase of globalization was largely driven by the global expansion of multinational corporations based in the United States and Europe (Schoolmate 15). The third phase was in late twentieth century, much of the industrialized world entered into a deep recession (Schoolmate 15). Up to 45% of global wealth had been destroyed by the global financial crisis (Robertson, White 37). In this phase, the element of globalization becomes individuals. Each individual has his chances to compete with other individuals, who have different co lour around the world.
Why has economic globalization occurred? Primarily, Modern science and technology development and dissemination are the fundamental cause of economic globalization. Secondly, there has a contradiction between the overstock goods and the shortage on resources, marketing, and cheap labor. This contradiction was the intrinsic motivation of economic globalization. Finally, in order to reduce the gap of economy, technology, and overall national strength of developed countries, developing countries are forced into economic globalization. This is another intrinsic motivation.
What are the effects of globalization? There are both positive and negative effects. Globalization brings numerous benefits to us. It helps developing countries use foreign investment to invest abroad, and promoting to optimize the structure of export goods. It also allowed people around the world have the opportunity to choose the products which have