论《红字》中的象征主义的运用

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浅谈《红字》中象征主义的用法

浅谈《红字》中象征手法的运用摘要：霍桑的《红字》自问世至今，一直受到广大读者和评论家的青睐。

小说充分体现了霍桑象征主义手法运用的高超技艺，本文对象征手法进行了剖析。

关键词：象征原罪红字A美国文艺复兴时期的著名作家霍桑，深受清教意识、超验哲学和神秘主义影响，他的代表作《红字》自问世至今，一直受到广大读者和评论家的青睐。

小说充分体现了霍桑象征主义手法运用的高超技艺，通过这一表现手法，他的行文摇曳多姿，引而不露，含而不发，耐人寻味。

一、在人物描写中运用象征手法小说中，霍桑在刻画人物时便赋予了他们深刻的寓意。

罗杰・奇林沃斯，这一邪恶的清教徒形象的最大特点是伪善和狠毒。

这个外表消瘦，畸形的老人在一个受人尊敬的“医生”的身份的伪装下，以治病抚伤为由，秘密地进行着复仇活动，一步步地偷窥，挖掘着人内心的秘密，慢慢地摧毁人的灵魂。

他为了满足自己的私欲，心安理得地将海丝特的青春占有，当发现自己妻子的背叛之后，为了报仇，他像一条毒蛇一样缠住狄梅斯迪尔不放，竭尽折磨狄梅斯迪尔的灵魂。

他虚伪地以“一个最可信赖的朋友”的面目出现，哄骗狄梅斯迪尔将“一切的恐怖、惭愧、痛苦、无效的悔恨、无法摆脱的内心谴责，都要对他和盘托出!”而他内心却是“绝无怜悯，绝无容赦!'”在海丝特与罗杰的谈话中，罗杰曾说：“我的手指只要对他一指，便会将他从他的讲坛弹到大牢里去，说不定还要上绞刑台呢!”这个阴险的小人自认为手中的强大力量正是当时教会的暴虐，严峻的统治。

珠儿是小说中极具神秘色彩的一个人物，她纯洁无邪，敏捷灵巧，却生来就要承受“恶魔之女”的罪名，她是性“罪过”的有形产物。

她的存在时时刻刻让人想起海丝特的“罪过”。

然而，珠儿对于海丝特而言，更是上帝对她莫大的恩赐。

珠儿是她美好爱情的结晶，代表着纯洁，她的名字象征着高贵。

因此，珠儿象征着海丝特承受罪过的极大勇气和激情。

二、红字A的象征意义霍桑对红字A的多种象征意义贯穿于全书中，赋予了它丰富多样的象征意义，从不同角度不同层次审视，出现不同或完全相反的象征意义。

论霍桑《红字》中的象征手法

论霍桑《红字》中的象征手法摘要：美国著名作家霍桑的《红字》被称为美国第一部象征主义小说，在这部优秀的作品中，作者运用了丰富的象征手法，深化了小说的主题，增强了作品的感染力以及表现力。

对于作者如何熟练地运用象征手法，值得我们深入探讨。

本文主要从红字“A”、场景、人物、人物名字、鲜花等方面，对象征手法的运用进行分析，旨在为相关研究者提供借鉴。

关键词：《红字》霍桑象征手法寓意霍桑是美国浪漫主义作家之一，其长篇小说《红字》发表于1850年。

1848年正好在纽约召开了美国第一届妇女权利大会，会上提出了男女平等、财产权等问题。

因此，这部长篇小说内容涉及婚外情以及激进的女性主义思想，大胆地挑战和颠覆了当时基督教的价值判断。

与此同时，霍桑《红字》中运用的象征手法，不仅对许多作家作品的创作产生了重要影响，同时还影响了现代派文学的象征主义。

此外，在现代作品创作过程中，对霍桑《红字》象征手法的分析进行探讨，对我国现代文学的发展具有重要的现实意义。

一、象征主义和象征手法概述象征主义一词源于希腊文，原意并不是指象征主义，几经演变以后，被引申为可以用某种观念或事物代表符号或者物品。

在文学界，“象征主义”这个名称第一次是出现在1886年诗人让·莫雷亚斯发表的《象征主义宣言》中，也标志着象征主义流派的产生。

实际上，象征主义在未被提出之前，许多作家在作品中就大量运用象征主义这种创作方法。

象征派主张创作作品不要直接、客观、如实地描写所见事实，而是通过利用特定形象，表达作者的精神世界以及观念。

19世纪末，英国发生了文学艺术活动，扩大了象征主义的影响，推动了20世纪美学的发展。

象征主义不仅被运用到文学界，还应用到戏剧、绘画等创作中。

在文学界，象征手法是创作的一种重要手法，主要是借助某种具体形象来表现思想情感。

在文学创作中，恰当地运用象征手法，可以使作品立意深远、主题深刻，给读者留下咀嚼回味的空间。

霍桑所创作的《红字》，大量运用了象征的手法，有比较明显的象征，也有许多隐晦的象征，其对象征手法的运用影响了《白鲸》的作者麦尔维尔、法国的波德莱尔，而且影响了一批美国卓有成就的作家，如海明威、菲兹杰拉德、福克纳等。

浅谈《红字》中的象征主义

浅谈《红字》中的象征主义摘要：《红字》表达人们想要远离清教主义和追求幸福生活的强烈意愿。

《红字》完美运用象征主义，增强了小说的艺术效果。

本文分析红字A的多种含义、四大主角的名字，以及文中出现的众多景物，研究这部小说的象征主义，帮助读者更好地理解象征主义。

关键词：《红字》象征主义清教主义艺术效果1.红字A的不同含义及象征意义的变化随着小说情节的发展，红字A被赋予了许多含义，这些意义的变化是很重要的，因为它们展示了人物的成长和道德的进步。

最初字母A被视为罪恶、通奸的象征，后来又被认为是孤独和疏远的象征，到小说最后，成为高尚、天使和崇拜的象征。

1.1 通奸（A for Adultery）由于海丝特与罗杰·齐灵渥斯通奸，她胸前被挂上了一个红字A，但这并不是唯一的惩罚，她还被迫游街，遭人围观唾弃。

这个字母象征着羞耻，使人视之如恶灵般避之不及。

海丝特鼓起一切勇气面对生活中的磨难和磨难，她并未像其他人一样离开波士顿，在另一个没有人知道她罪过的地方重新开始生活，她选择留下来，这显示了她的勇气和毅力。

1.2 孤独与疏离（A for Alone and Alienation）海丝特获释后，住在郊区的一间小屋里。

“它是由一位早期的定居者建造的，后来被遗弃了，因为周围的土壤太贫瘠，无法耕种，而相对偏远的地方却使它脱离了已经标志着移民习惯的社会活动的范围”（75）。

由于她的罪行，海丝特几乎没有社交生活，在某种程度上已经与世界疏远了。

人们讨厌海丝特，不愿与她接触。

显然，红字A象征着孤独和疏离。

1.3 能力、钦佩和天使（A for Ability，Admiration and Angel）随着时间的流逝，红字A逐渐转变为能力（Ability）、钦佩（Admiration）和天使（Angel）的象征。

那些因为海丝特的罪恶而责备她的人逐渐改变了对她的看法：“红字A代表着她精巧的针线活能力，以及她对急需帮助的人付出的爱心。

浅析《红字》中象征主义手法的运用 Analysis of Symbolism in The Scarlet Letter

浅析《红字》中象征主义手法的运用Analysis of Symbolism in The Scarlet Letter1 Aim and SignificanceNathaniel Hawthorne is a great romantic novelist in America in the nineteenth century He is deeply influenced by Puritanism consciousness Transcendental philosophy and mysticism As a result instead of giving the objective description of the world he always gives a symbolic meaning to an objective thing to express his true understanding of the world trying his best to discover the hidden meaning through the symbols Therefore if we want to deeply understand Hawthornes writing style it is essential for us to make a thorough research on the symbols and symbolism in his works The Scarlet Letter is Hawthornes masterpiece which makes him well known around the world and it is also one of the most remarkable works in American literature This novel with an everlasting glamour mainly lies in Hawthornes skillful handling of symbolism From the title to the arrangement of the plot then to the description of the characters and objects the author uses only a few words to express rich meanings which leaves us much room for imagination The author of the paper develops a deep interest in The Scarlet Letter after having finished reading this novel What strikes the author most is the scarlet letter A It runs through the whole novel and manifests in various forms at different time places and scenes Furthermore the meaning of the scarlet letter A becomes richer and more complicated as the plot further develops2 Main Methods and Ways of StudiesThe research into the symbolism in The Scarlet Letter can make readers deeply understand Hawthornes writing style First by way of exploring the various symbolic meanings of the scarlet letter A to different characters and the changing symbolic meanings of the scarlet letter A at different time places and scenes the thesis can help readers have a better understanding of the rich meanings of the letter A in the novel and the process of moral growth of the main characters Second the research into the symbolic meanings of the characters names various objects in the novel and the symbolic meanings of Pearl can make readers deeply understand Hawthornes unique artistic writing characteristics the profound social significance revealed by the novel and the authors writing aimsNathaniel Hawthorne is a great romantic novelist in America in the 19th century As a great romantic novelist Hawthorne is outstanding in handling application of symbolismThe Scarlet Letter is Hawthornes most important symbolic novel which is the best work of Hawthorne and one of the indubitable masterpieces of American Literature And it is this novel that makes Nathaniel Hawthorne known all around the world In this work Hawthorne uses the symbolism so skillfully that it enhances the artistic effects of his work greatly In The Scarlet Letter symbolism runs through the whole novel The most important symbol is the scarlet letter itself Not only does A manifest in various forms but also it has changing meanings from adultery to able even angelic in the novel Besides the name of the four major characters in the novel Hester Prynne Arthur Dimmesdale Roger Chillingworth and Pearl also have their own symbolic meanings Some other objects and natural surroundings that are described in the novel such as the jail the forest the rose bush and so on are all endowed with a deep symbolic significance The author of the thesis will explore the usage of symbolism in The Scarlet Letter from the three aspects mentioned above and analyze Hawthornes skillful use of symbolism in The Scarlet LetterKey Words the scarlet lettersymbolismHester PrynnePearl纳撒尼尔·霍桑是十九世纪美国伟大的浪漫主义小说家作为一位伟大的浪漫主义小说家霍桑对象征主义手法的运用可以说是独具匠心长篇小说《红字》是霍桑重要的象征主义代表作品无疑也是美国文学浪漫主义时期最著名的作品之一也正是这部巨著使得霍桑誉满全球在这部作品中作者巧妙运用了象征主义手法加强了作品的艺术效果整篇作品象征主义手法贯穿始终其中最重要的要数红字A本身的象征意义它不仅以各种各样的形式出现并且其象征意义不断变化从通奸到有能力的甚至天使般的此外小说中四个主要角色海丝特丁梅斯代尔齐灵沃斯珠儿也都有其各自的象征意义小说中描述的景物和场景例如监狱森林玫瑰花园等等也都寓意深刻本文正是从以上这几个方面着手探究作者在小说《红字》中对象征主义手法的巧妙运用关键词红字象征海丝特·普琳珍珠AcknowledgementsThis thesis is the product of the author and the supervisors three months of efforts It has been repeatedly revised under the guidance of Professor XXX It was the joint efforts of both the author and the teachers in Foreign Languages Department I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to Professor XXX and the teachers who have helped the author in the process of the thesis writing I will also give my thanks to my classmates and friends who have helped me revise the thesis Last but not least I will give my heartfelt thanks to my parents who have been always supporting and encouraging meContentsIntroduction 11 Various Symbolic Meanings of the Scarlet Letter A 311 The Change of the Symbolic Meanings of the Scarlet Letter A 3111 Adultery 3112 Alone and Alienation 4113 Able Admirable and Angel 512 The Scarlet Letter and the Strictness of Puritan Society 52 The Symbolic Meaning of the Four Main Characters 621 Hester Prynne 622 Arthur Dimmesdale 723 Roger Chillingworth 824 Pearl 93 The Symbolic Meanings of the Objects in the Novel 12 Conclusion 15Bibliography 16IntroductionNathaniel Hawthorne was born in Salem in 1804 He was born in a prestigious New England family closely related with Puritan church his ancestors attended the persecution of people belonging to different churches such as Quakers When he was born his family declined He was aware of his ancestors misdeeds and thus "blackness of Hawthorne" formed He thought that the reason of his familys decline is his ancestors misdeeds And he didnt agree with the optimism held by Transcendentalists towards human nature He wrote lots of works on everlasting evil side in human nature Hawthorne graduated from Bowdoin College Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and Franklin Pierce the 14th American presidents were his classmates After graduation he lived in seclusion and wrote Later he worked in the US Custom House After Pierce became president he was asked to be the consular in Liverpool and Italy Hawthornes masterpiece includes his short story collections Twice-Told Tales Moses from an Old Manse and novels The Scarlet Letter The House of Seven Gables The Blithedale Romance The Marble FaunHawthornes writing skills can be summarized as follows Hawthorne seems to be influenced a lot by the sin and evil in his sense He believes evil exists in human heart all the time For example in the novel The Scarlet Letter the minister Dimmesdale tries to pretend how pure and pious he is He wants to cover up the evil in his mind Not only Dimmesdale wants to do like this but also all the people in the world because we are only human beings And the evil just likes a mark that exists in our mind when we are born And in Hawthornes mind people who commit a crime must be punishedbecause people can get experience from this way And also he supports people to tell the truth and not to offend Nathaniel Hawthorne is a great romantic novelist in America in the 19th century and is considered to be the first greatest American fiction writer in the moralistic tradition Hawthorne is outstanding in literature skill especially in handling symbolism His work---The Scarlet Letter is notable for its symbolism and is regarded as the first symbolic novel in American literatureThe story begins in seventeenth-century Boston which is under Puritan command The husband---an old and ugly scholar sends a young woman named Hester Prynne ahead to America However for many years he himself doesnt arrive Obviously it is possible that he has been lost in the sea While waiting for her husband Hester and a young local minister called Arthur Dimmesdale fall in love with each other They commit adultery secretly Because of Hesters Pregnancy the secret is finally discovered Hester and Dimmesdale love each other But their love is forbidden in that strict society It is sinful Due to this fact Hester is punished by society with a letter A on her chest which is considered to be an evil a shameHester is brave enough to face the cruel society She is always with a mind of courage She has been alone with her child for so long a time with little communication Hester has to wear the letter A day by day seven years as for punishment and ill fame However Hester is a kind-hearted woman and is always ready to help other people in the community without expecting any thanks Later people in the town no longer view the scarlet letter A as a punishment but rather as representing her great strength and bravery and they say it means AbleBut Arthur Dimmesdale his sin against Hester and Pearl is that he will not acknowledge them as his wife and daughter in the daylight He is too weak to admit his sins He suffers from mysterious heart trouble seemingly caused by psychological distress Whats worse he is an advisor to the townspeople about their sins After Mr Dimmesdales death no one changes more in appearance than Roger Chillingworth All his strength and energy has been used to harm his patient This unhappy man has made his aim in life to add to the suffering of the young minister When the evil old man no longer has such a purpose the devil takes him back to the hellThe Scarlet Letter is a cultural allegory in which the author indirectly tells the future of Puritanism The Scarlet Letter is a sample in which American Romanticism adapted itself to American Puritanism The theme of the story should1 Various Symbolic Meanings of the Scarlet Letter A11 The Change of the Symbolic Meanings of the Scarlet Letter AIn this novel the scarlet letter A changes its meanings for many times This change is very significant It shows growth in the characters and the community in which they live At the very beginning the letter A is regarded as a kind of sin or evil Then with the development of the story it becomes a symbol of alone and alienation of the female character Hester Finally it becomes a symbol of able admirable and angel111 AdulteryIn the novel the letter "A" worn on Hesters bosom is a symbol of her adulteryagainst Roger Chillingworth Putting the letter A on her bosom and letting her show to the public is the puritan way of treating her as a criminal for the crime of adultery Hester is looked down upon as if she is some sort of demon from hell that commits a terrible crime This letter is meant to be worn in shame and to make Hester feel unwanted This is the common way to explain the symbolic meaning of the letter The color of scarlet is the symbol of blood and desire Hester and Dimmesdale cannot control their love for each other and become the criminals of God A woman loses her purity and a holy minister is punished for bringing shame to his holy occupation Red should be regarded as the symbol of love and life but under the control of the Puritan strictness Hester has to wear the scarlet letter A in order to be regarded as a symbol of shame and punishmentHere she said to herself had been the scene of her guilt and here should be the scene of her earthly punishment Brown2002 Hester is ashamed of her sin but she chooses to face the reality rather than escape from it Many people may choose the way of leaving for some other places where nobody knows of her sin However Hester is brave enough to continue to live her life which shows great strength and integrity of her112 Alone and AlienationThe scarlet letter A also symbolizes Hesters lonely life in New England Hesters social life is virtually eliminated as a result of her shameful past She has to live in such a community regardless of others ironical words and with great courage and ability It had been built by an earlier settler and abandoned because the soil about itwas too sterile for cultivation while its comparative remoteness put it out of the sphere of that social activity which already marked the habits of the emigrants Hester comes to have a part to perform in the world with her native energy of character and rare capacity" Chase 1957 However there was nothing that made her feel as if she belonged to it Every gesture every word and even the silence of those with whom she came to contact implied and often expressed that she was banished and as much alone as if she inhabited another sphere or communicated with the common nature by other organs and senses than the rest of human kind She stood apart from moral interests seemed to be the sole portion that she retained in the universal heart" Hester has no friends in the world and little Pearl is the only companion of her lonely life In other peoples eyes Hester is a criminal and most of them regard communicating with her as a shameful thing Therefore the scarlet letter A is also a symbol of alone and alienation113 Able Admirable and AngelThe letter was the symbol of her calling Such helpfulness is found in her so much power to do and power to sympathize - that many people refuses to interpret the scarlet letter A by its original signification Rubinstein 1988 We can see that the meaning of the scarlet letter A changes from adultery to being able angel and admirable At the beginning people living in the town looked down upon the woman because of her crime But later they find that Hester is so skillfully in needlework and she always help the poor and sick without expecting any return or thanks She is unselfish and always ready to help others considerately and patiently People in the town then realize her noble nature and change the view on her Do you see that womanwith the embroidered badge It is our Hester – the towns own Hester – who is so kind to the poor so helpful to the sick so comforting to the afflicted Hawthorne 1994 The people in the town soon begin to regard the letter A as a badge served to ward off the evil This is a kind woman who should not shoulder the shame and be looked down upon by others Hester is an angel sent by God to the people in the town And she should win the respect and sympathy of others instead of being punished by having to show her crime to the public by wearing the scarlet letter People and the author of the novel really admire her pure nature and abilityThe three changes in the scarlet letter are significant they show the progressive presentation of her sin her lonely life and her ability Hester is an admirable woman who experiences more emotional torture than most people go through in a lifetime12 The Scarlet Letter and the Strictness of Puritan SocietyThe Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne uses the scarlet letters to symbolize he harshness of Puritan society showing how they branded sinners for life Although Puritan society is unforgiving towards the sinful scarlet letter their strictness improved the bearers of the sin The scarlet letter was also an example of how Puritan society will always remember the sin When strangers looked curiously at the scarlet letter-and none failed to do so they branded it afresh into Hesters soul Hawthorne 1994 A letter A but freshly green instead of scarlet was created by her showing how Hawthorne made a jest at the punishment Puritans put upon Hester And the scarlet letter was also a toy to Pearl something that she enjoyed Hawthorne uses the scarlet letter to depict his feelings of the exaggerated emotions of the puritans and theirdramatic punishments The author of the paper thinks that the symbolism in this novel is used quite skillfully The technique Hawthorne uses makes his novel more artistic2 The Symbolic Meaning of the Four Main Characters21 Hester PrynneHester Prynne is one of the most important characters in The Scarlet Letter Hester is the symbol of love beauty kindness and truth She was described by Hawthorne like this The young woman was tall a figure of perfect elegance on a large scale she had dark and abundant hair so glossy that it threw off the sunshine with a gleam and a face which besides being beautiful from regularity of feature and richness of complexion had the impressiveness belonging to a marked brow and deep black eyes Harold 1990104 It is true that Hester is beautiful and attractive in appearance But the most precious part of the character lies not only in her kindness toward other people but also in her great courage of facing her love Her love for the minister Dimmesdale is pure and true This is the reason that she refuses to speak out the name of her partner in sin but takes over all the punishment by herself Instead of running from the hostile colonists Hester withstands peoples insolence and pursues a normal life She proves her worth with her uncommon sewing skills and provides community service Hesters sin gives her sympathetic knowledge of the sin in other hearts Even though the people she tries to help often reviled the hand that was stretched forth to succor them Xia199634 She continues her services because she actually cares At last the colonists come to think of the scarlet letter as the cross on a nuns bosom which is not small accomplishmentHester is the homophone of the word haste At first she gets married to Roger Prynne an ugly man who gives his best years to feed the hungry dream of knowledge Not having got the news about her husband who should have arrived by ship from England she falls love with Arthur hastily and gives birth to Pearl for which she is condemned to wear on the breast of her gown the scarlet letter "A" which stands for adultery However the author of the paper thinks that it is natural and understandable Hester has the freedom to pursue the true love of her deep heart and the happiness of the life The punishment of puritan society is somehow too harsh on a woman who is led by human instinct She doesnt love her husband and when she falls in love with Dimmesdale she is tortured physically and mentally for her sin The strictness of Puritan society accounts for Hesters sympathetic fate and Dimmesdales tragedy22 Arthur DimmesdaleArthur Dimmesdale is a young minister whose initials are AD which also stands for adultery Obviously he should take part in the punishment for Hester He loves Hester deeply and is the father of Pearl but he is not brave enough to admit their relationship Only in the forest or in darkness he can show his passion and love for Hester So the word Dimmesdale also has symbolic meanings Dim means dark and weak and dale means valley so the name here is actually a symbol of the dim-interior of the clergyman The scarlet letter A in his heart symbolizes his condemn to himself in his deep heart Meanwhile it is also the symbol of the mental control of the Puritanism If thou feel it to be for thy souls peace and that thy earthly punishment will thereby be made more effectual to salvation I charge thee to speak out the name of thyfellow-sinner and fellow-sufferer Fan200356 He feels that he will never been seen the same as before in front of God and that no amount of penitence can ever return him to Gods good graces He hates his hypocrisy to sin but dares not tell the truth that he is the fellow-sinner of Hester When he finally decides to expose the truth and tell his followers of how he deceives them his fixation on his sin has utterly corroded him to the point of death The only good that comes out of conceding his guilt is that he passes away without any secrets At the end of the story the writer put the morals that press upon the readers from the poor ministers miserable experience into one sentence Be true Be true Be true Show freely to the world if not your worst yet some trait whereby the worst may be inferred Hu1997 89 As a man Dimmesdale couldnt even relate to and shouldered the obligation He is not brave enough to admit the truth However his tragedy is also the result of the strict puritan society and the psychological tie of the local religion23 Roger ChillingworthAnother main character Roger Chillingworth is a man of complicated nature and abnormal psychology The words chilling and worth compose the surname Chillingworth Chilling comes from the word chilling which means this man is a merciless avenger He is calm and kind in appearance but keeps evil intentions All his strength and energy has been used to avenge This unhappy man has made his aim in life to add to the suffering of the young minister When the evil old man no longer has such a purpose the devil takes him back to the hell He is really an unforgivable criminal According to the explanation of the Christian and the Romantic period theunforgivable crime means to infringe on others soul and feelings in order to know about their reaction toward something Chillingworth intends to look into the young ministers heart depending on some knowledge of medical science and miracle ways in religion He pretends to be the young minister true friend moves close to him in order to torture and devastate Dimmesdales heart His curiosity and intention of avenge make him become the symbol of monster and evil Due to his abnormal psychology he also becomes a victim in the story This character symbolizes the great influence of the sin on people Chillingworth married Hester a woman with youth and beauty deluding him with the idea that intellectual gifts might veil physical deformity in a young girls fantasy He married Hester not because he loved her but because he wanted to light a household fire in his lonely and chilly heart He is a bookworm who spends his best time in libraries and shows no love to his young wife It is he that has destroyed Hesters flower like youth and indirectly leads to Hesters tragedy After he discovers that his wife bore another mans child Roger gives up his independence His life center has become punish the man who seduced his wife For seven years he digs into the ministers heart with pleasure He searches the ministers thoughts he causes the poor minister to die daily a living death He searches into the ministers dim interior for a long time and turns over many precious a tread and as wary an outlook as a thief entering a chamber where a man lies only half asleep or if it may be broad awake with purpose to steal the very treasure which this man guards as the apple of his eyes When he finally found the scarlet letter "A" on the bosom of the minister he busted out a ghastly rapture When he does these he is turning from a victim to a sinner Hu199745Chillingworth also symbolizes that the avengers life is worthless When he finds his wife betrays him he devotes all his time and energy to seeking revenge He forgets that he needs to lead a new life of his own Therefore he is the victim of his own abnormal action After Dimmesdale reveals his secret to the world All his strength and energyall his vital and intellectual force seemed at once to desert him in so much that he positively withered up shriveled away and almost vanished from mortal sight like an uprooted weed that lies wilting in the sun He dies less than a year later because he has nothing left to live for24 PearlPearl is one of the most complex and misunderstood symbols in the novel This character throughout the story develops into a dynamic symbol which is always changing Pearl is a source of many different kinds of symbolism Firstly she is the symbol of her mothers sin or the symbol of the scarlet letter Pearl is also a symbol of valuable thing with high price And we can understand that Pearl is the beautiful and precious crystallization of her parents true love For the mother Hester Pearl is love rather than burdenThe most significant symbolic meaning of Pearl in the novel is her association with the scarlet letter "A" At the beginning Pearl is the symbol of her mothers shame and crime She is like the scarlet letter A on Hesters bosom showing to others that she is a woman committing the crime of adultery Pearl really is the scarlet A on Hesters chest showing to others that she is a woman committing the crime of adultery WhenHester stood fully revealed before the crowd it is her first impulse to clasp Pearl closely to her bosom not so much by an impulse of motherly affection as that she might thereby conceal a certain token which was wrought or fastened into her dress Pearl is the scarlet itself which is endowed with her life And in most peoples eyes she is Hesters burden and shameMeanwhile Pearl also symbolizes her parents true love She is the crystallization of her parents true love Xia 199678 The author describes in the novel that Pearl likes the scarlet letter so much So we can see that the close relationship between little Pearl and the scarlet letter Their common nature is that they are both the crystallization of love and the hopeful future of humankindPearl is a very beautiful girl There was fire in her and throughout her she seemed the unpremeditated offshoot of a passionate moment Hester named her daughter pearl as being of great worth purchased with all she had She is her only important treasure Although Hester has so much trouble foe having Pearl she still feels that Pearl is her treasure Pearl is the most important part of her mothers life If she had never been come into this world Hester would have never been found guilty of adultery and thus never would have had to wear the scarlet letter A on her chest However if Pearl is not in her life she will lose the courage of going on her life and almost have committed suicide It is Pearl who brings hope and joy to Hesters life and gives her mother the courage to live After Hester gets the permission to still keep Pearl at her side Mistress Hibbins invites her to go to the forest to meet the Black Man together with her But Hester refuses and says with a triumphant smile I must tarry at home and keep watchover my little Pearl Had they taken her from me I would willingly have gone with thee into the forest and signed my name in the Black Mans book too and that with mine own blood Hawthorne 199498 It is Pearl that saves Hester from the Satans snarePearl also symbolizes moral in this novel The moral she is meant to teach is that Hester and Dimmesdale should fully commit their sin and then take the responsibility for their sin The first thing Pearl see in her infancy is the scarlet letter causing her mother intense agony at the shame it generated in her Later she plays a game when she throws flowers at her mother and jumps around in glee every time hitting the scarlet letter Diao2000204 She also makes her own letter A to wear When she finds Hester removes the scarlet letter from her chest in the forest Pearl starts screaming and convulsing and refuses to cross the stream until Hester reattaches the letter She is really a constant mental and physical reminder to Hester of what she has done wrong With Pearl at her side Hester will never escape the punishment of her wrong deedMoreover Pearl is the person who eventually makes Dimmesdale admit to his crime She constantly asks why the minister keeps putting his hand over his heart and figures it out that it is for the same reason that her mother wears the scarlet letter Her role as a living scarlet letter is to announce to the whole world whom her guilty parents are After Dimmesdale manages to keep the mother and daughter together in the governors hall Pearl responses amazingly She takes his hand and places her cheek against it This simple gesture is full of meaning because it implies that Pearlrecognizes Dimmesdale as being connected to her Meanwhile Pearls stand of urging the minister to commit his sin is firm When Dimmesdale stands on the scaffold where Hester suffered her public humiliation several years before he meets Hester and Pearl who have been at Governor Winthrops deathbed taking measurements for a robe he invites them to join him on the stand When all three hold hands Pearl asks Dimmesdale Wilt thou stand here with mother and me tomorrow noontide Dimmesdale answers Not so my child I shall indeed stand with thy mother and thee one other day but not tomorrow Hawthorne 1994 Pearl laughs and attempts to pull away her hand until the minister promises to take her hand and her mothers hand at the great judgment day When they later meet in the forest Hester says to Pearl He loves thee my little Pearl and loves thy mother too Wilt thou love him Pearl says Doth he love us Then asks Will he go back with us hand in hand we three together into the town The answer is not now Hawthorne 199444 So when Dimmesdale impresses a kiss on her brow before they leave the forest Pearl broke away from her mother and running to the brook stooped over it and bathed her forehead until the unwelcome kiss was quite washed off At the end of the novel when the minister climbs up the scaffold with the help of Hester and Pearl confessing his sin to his followers Pearl kisses his lips She accepts her father finally Pearls role as the living scarlet letter is over and Dimmesdale who finally takes responsibility for his sin has learned the moral which she is meant to teach3 The Symbolic Meanings of the Objects in the NovelIn The Scarlet Letter most of the objects that are described in the novel have。

论《红字》中象征手法的运用

论《红字》中象征手法的运用作者：戴晓婧来源：《成才之路》2010年第17期小说《红字》(The Scarlet Letter)是美国文学史上杰出的浪漫主义小说家纳撒尼尔·霍桑(Nathaniel Hawthorne)的代表作。

自1850年问世以来,一直备受读者的青睐,它所蕴藏的思想价值与艺术成就无疑使它成为整个美国浪漫主义小说中最有声望的权威作品。

值得注意的是在创作过程中,霍桑不很注重客观事物的描述,而是力求表现某一现象或某一事件的象征性寓意。

这种浪漫主义的写作手法在小说《红字》中更是被表现得淋漓尽致。

综合起来,该小说的象征寓意体现在以下几个方面。

一、红字A的象征红字A在这部小说里有着丰富多彩的内涵,它贯串着书中许多情节,又与小说中四个主角有着千丝万缕的联系。

红字A与海丝特·白兰(Hester Prynne)的命运是紧紧连在一起,在不同时期红字A有着不同的象征意义。

最初,红字A被小镇上人们视为“通奸”(Adultery)的缩写,羞耻的招牌,每个人都认为红字是海丝特通奸罪的象征;同时,“A”是海丝特的情人亚瑟·狄梅斯迪尔(Arthur Dimmesdale)的首字母,又是法语爱情(amour)的首字母,因此,“A”还代表女主人公海丝特心中澎湃起伏的情感(Affection),由此可见,“A”也象征崇高伟大的爱情。

随着海丝特给予村民们的帮助、慷慨和关心,在众人眼中红字变成了能干(Able)的象征,美德的标志;最后,随着剧情的发展,海丝特逐渐走向觉醒和成熟,在心底顽强地与清教统治相对抗,因而“A”又有了坚忍不拔的女斗士(Amazon)的意义。

所有这些变化,都足以表明红字A对海丝特所产生的巨大作用:它既规范了她的行为,培养了她的美德,又压制了她的天性,增添了她的痛苦。

红字A的象征功能的丰富性和复杂性,不仅体现在女主角海丝特身上,同时也显现在狄梅斯迪尔和珠儿(Pearl)身上。

浅谈《红字》中象征主义手法运用

An Analyze of the Symbolism in theScarlet LetterContents1. Introduction (i)2. The Symbolic Meaning of the Images (i)2.1 The Symbolic Meaning of the Characters (i)2.1.1 Hester Prynne (i)2. 1.2 Roger Chillingworth (i)2.1.3Author Dimmesdale .................................................................................. .. (i)2.1.4 Pearl (i)2.2 The symbolic meaning of the Jail (i)2.3 The Symbolic Meaning of the Scaffold (ii)3. Conclusion (ii)An Analyze of the Symbolism in the Scarlet LetterAbstract:The Scarlet Letter is the 1st novel of symbolism in American literature. Being different from the romanticism, symboli sm is adopted to convey the author’s opinions in an indirect way. In this novel, Nathaniel Hawthorne artfully applied symbolism to express himself by creating several images with vivid and symbolic characteristics. This thesis mainly analyzes the symbolism applied in novel from three aspects: characters, jail and scaffold.Key Words: symbolism Puritanism adultery revenge摘要：《红字》是美国第一部象征主义小说。

象征手法在《红字》中的运用

象征手法在《红字》中的运用摘要：象征是文学创作中一种常见的表现手法。

霍桑在小说《红字》中充分运用象征手法，别具一格，独具匠心，使读者很容易理解小说中的人物、事件和情节。

关键词：象征；霍桑；红字a中图分类号：i3 文献标识码：a 文章编号：1009-0118（2011）-10-0-02一、引言象征主义作为一种文学流派，出现于19世纪末至20世纪30年代，是欧美现代派文学的一个重要分支。

但象征主义作为一种文学创作手段，则很早就在诗歌及小说中运用。

现代象征主义诗歌的代表人物艾略特说过，诗人应为他的思想和情感在现实世界中找到“客观对应物”，即象征物。

总结以上几种说法，可以说象征是借助于现实世界中的具体形象或事物，如色彩、声音、动植物等等来间接地寄托作者思想与情感的文学创作手段。

由于不是对客观事物作直接、简单的描述，而是通过暗示、隐喻等手段引起读者的联想，所以象征往往具有多义性与不确定性；由于象征可以引发读者丰富的联想并具有多重含义，这样就赋予原来平常的事物以巨大的艺术力量，这也许正是象征艺术的魅力所在。

早期的象征主义文学在题材上多侧重描写个人幻影和内心感受，极少涉及广阔的社会题材。

但十九世纪美国最著名的浪漫主义小说家霍桑经常使用象征手法和浪漫主义想象来突出强调他试图描述的社会问题。

二、《红字》与象征主义霍桑的小说在思想内容和艺术手法上都独具一格，他把严肃的道德和历史内容与卓越的艺术表现形式巧妙地结合在一起；把天赋的想象力与高超的语言技巧融为一体。

霍桑深受加尔文清教思想影响，同时美国浪漫主义时期盛行的神秘主义和超验主义在他脑海中留下了深深的烙印。

这种浓郁的文化背景形成了他对社会的怀疑态度，他逐渐意识到清教主义对人性的极大压抑和束缚，它剥夺了人们追求幸福与真爱的权利。

然而，他却无法完全摆脱这种思想的影响，这种环境决定了他的写作风格，并成就了他象征主义大师的称号，一直享誉英美和世界文坛，至今盛名不衰。

他开创了美国文学史上的“象征浪漫主义”的创作手法，这在《红字》中得到了最完美的展现。

浅谈小说《红字》中的多重象征意义

浅谈小说《红字》中的多重象征意义纳尼尔·霍桑是美国19世纪伟大的浪漫主义小说家。

他的长篇小说《红字》是其最杰出的代表作。

霍桑在小说中多次运用象征手法，从而使小说中的人物、场所、其它景物以及贯穿小说始终的红字A都带上了特殊的象征意义。

该小说深刻剖析了罪与罚的宗教意识以及其对人性道德本质的深刻影响。

标签：《红字》“A”人物;场景;象征意义1.红字“A”的象征意义1.1霍桑在《红字》中用了大量的象征，小说以“A”开头又以“A”结尾，全部内容包含在这个字母中，人物的命运，情节的发展都与之息息相关，所以红字“A”代表了小说本身。

象征意义最为典型的红字“A”，顾名思义是红色的 A 字，首先映入我们眼帘的便是耀眼的红色。

红色是一种能引起人们无限联想的颜色，于是小说中红色展示出了各种丰富的内涵：红色是血与火的颜色，是热烈情欲的象征，海丝特和丁梅斯代尔抑制不住青春的冲动和对对方的爱慕，最終成为上帝的罪人，一个妇女丧失了贞节，一位牧师辱没了自己的使命，受到惩罚。

红色还是生命、力量和热情的象征。

海丝特与丁梅斯代尔之间的爱情是纯洁的，美丽的，热烈的，然而在严峻的清教思想的统治下，象征爱情和生命之源的红色被愚昧的社会当作耻辱的标记戴在海丝特胸前，以示惩戒。

让大家觉得讽刺的是：海丝特胸前耀眼的红字，就如同她心头熊熊燃烧着的一团火焰，在严寒和冷酷的社会环境中带给她温暖;在死一般地孤独和寂寞中给她以生的希望和勇气。

虽然遭到社会的迫害，世人的唾弃，她却没有屈服，她几乎是昂首挺胸走出层层困境，以无声地沉默和坚强的信念反抗着令人感到窒息的精神压迫。

她坚定地相信，一个更光明的时期一定会来临，人们将会获得真正的爱情和幸福。

1.2就红字“A”本身而言，它并没有神秘的色彩，第一次出现在人们面前，它仅仅是一个耻辱的符号，A字是通奸（Adultery）的缩写，作者霍桑是这样对它进行描述的：“在她（海丝特）衣服的胸部，出现 A 形的字，那是精美的红布制成的，四周有金线织成的细工刺绣和奇巧花样。

论《红字》中的象征主义

外国文学研究NG NG 6论5红字6中的象征主义孙丹丹5红字6是19世纪美国著名浪漫主义作家霍桑的优秀长篇杰作,是美国文学史上第一篇用象征手法创作的小说。

作家在其创作过程中广泛运用了象征的创作手法,从而使得小说中的人物、场所及大自然中的其他景物都带上了特殊的象征意义,使故事情节充满神秘色彩;与此同时,象征手法的运用丰富了作品的思想内涵,增加了小说的艺术魅力,给读者留下了无限的想象和无穷的回味。

象征主义是霍桑在本书中使用的主要技能之一,也是理解这部小说的最关键要素。

一、5红字6中主要人物的象征意义海丝特身材高挑、年轻、漂亮,典型的淑女形象,有着一双大大的眼睛和一头黑色的长发,完全就是/圣母0的形象。

这样一个女性如何面对她的命运?在书中第二章我们看到,当她走出监狱的大门时,/她往外推了一把监狱长)))这个动作带有明显的个人尊严和个性力量,走出了监狱的大门,就像完全出于她个人的自由意志。

0当被绑在绞刑架上当众游街宣告她不名誉的罪行时,她表现出了令人难以置信的勇气和胆量,坚决拒绝说出她女儿的父亲。

但她却受到了当时清教社会的严厉惩罚,被关进监狱。

她胸前戴着红字/A 0,过了七年非常孤寂、清贫与艰苦的生活,但她没有被严酷的生活所压倒,而是同样有勇气鼓励她的情人和她一起逃往欧洲。

虽然没有成功,但却表现了她对爱情和生活的强烈信念。

她热爱自己的女儿)))她的爱情果实。

她非常同情其他的不幸者,重新赢得了邻居们的信任并最终为红字给她带来的耻辱讨回了公正。

小说的最后一章中写道:/但是,当海丝特的充满了劳苦、深思和自我奉献的七年一掠而过后,她胸前的红字不再是召来人们嘲讽和咒骂的印记,而已成为人们为之感到悲伤的东西,成为人们以敬畏的眼光去打量的东西。

当然,这些眼光都带着深深的崇敬。

0从小说中可以看到:/当海丝特拒绝被当众游街时,她同样拒绝了社会准则。

她把那种因犯罪而被拖着走的景象转化成了依照她的自由选择而前进的行为。

她接受了通奸的罪名,但都是根据她自己的准则而接受的;她胸前的红字-A.刺绣变成了一个更复杂的象征,成了一个对一些-有罪的.事情还以公正的象征,成了她激情本性中一个重要的、有生命力的东西。

《红字》中象征主义手法的运用分析

《红字》中象征主义手法的运用分析
《红字》是中国著名诗人李清照的一首词，以赤字无助地被抛弃为主题。

文中，作者利用象征手法，来讽刺那些贪财无度的奢侈之人，又把人性的短处暴露于众。

一、写实主义手法：文中写出被抛弃的“红字”，这个“红字”本来可以象征情书或者爱国热情，但作者写出却是“穷苦人家”把它当成“士多啤梨”来供养家。

这种写实之作，与抛弃的“红字”的象征性有较大的矛盾，深刻地揭示了当今人性的贪婪情绪，即“以物易物”，无情地把破烂衣服等“红字”卖给乞丐。

二、山水象征法：李清照在词中穿插山水景象，以打动读者的情感。

他提到巴陵“泻入清溪，晴天变月”，仿佛山水在夕阳的余辉中，却隐含着那些被抛弃的“红字”的无奈与悲凉，他又写道“未到桃花谷，却自芦苇林”，象征被抛弃的“红字”早早的失去了属于自己的求爱之情，已经永远不能靠近桃花谷之处。

三、寓言手法：寓言手法在词中运用较多，作者用离奇的象征与拟人化，让读者比较容易理解作者所暗示的人性本质之薄弱。

“闲花重叠，求爱不择”，把“红字”的求爱喻成闲花的落叶，说明当年原本有多緿荣的爱情，但是被他人贪恋，结果只有夹杂着哀凉的“红字”抛弃于门前。

“一旦随风去，何日复归？”，把“红字”喻成飘动的“风”，暗示着那些因贪念而失去了的感情，是永远也不能挽回的。

通过《红字》这首词，李清照利用着象征主义手法，深刻地揭示了贪心和无情的人性本质，又让人们深深地反省自己的一些不正确的行为。

《红字》象征手法的运用

企师范学院 , 四川坟川 6 2 3 00 2 )
摘要 : 19 世纪美国著名作家霍桑创作了《红字》这一部长篇小堪的、肮脏的、非正常的孩子 , 这就注定珠儿不会得到快乐。
难忘的情节 : 当海斯特去贝林汉州长家做客时 , 为了哄珠儿开的缝隙中已经开始找出了杂草 , 从而象征着海关工作人员及政
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她朝着客厅里的那副盔甲看
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由于副盔凸镜的效果
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使海
府官员缺乏责任感。在 “ 海关” 一章 , 作者对当时的社会背景
助象征手法来对小说中的人物、场景及大自然进行描述 , 从而不仅是海斯特对自由爱情追求的产物 , 同时也是追求自有爱情
使整篇小说更加新颖、引人入胜。同时 , 象征手法的使用还大所付出的沉重代价。同时 , 珠儿又是开始美好生活的象征 , 海
说 , 是当时美国文学史上最具有代表性的一部小说 , 也是最早珠儿是海斯特在监狱生出的 , 虽然从出生开始珠儿就需要面对
一部使用象征手法的小说。在小说创作过程中, 霍桑大量的借成长与不公 , 但是老天还是给了珠儿一个天使般的心灵。珠儿
其能够对象征手法的象征体和本体进行合理的切换 , 最终创作
出了一部非常精彩的作品。本文将会对《红字》中象征手法的

《红字》象征手法的运用探究

孤独是指女主人公海斯特在被监狱释放后，带着自己私生的女儿离开从联系。霍桑在《红字》的写作过程中，将象征这一手法进行特殊的运
前生活的地方，来到城市的边缘，以逃避社交活动。爱情和耻辱是指在用，更多的是象征成为主观表现的一种艺术，不单纯将主观与客观分被发现犯有通奸罪时，海斯特没有为自己进行辩解，毅然决然承认了自割的极其明显，而是遵循自己内心的想法和对小说故事情节的整体构者清晰的表达了自己对于清教社会的不满情绪，认为清教对于人的惩罚过于严重，且压榨了人原本的思想。
映出政府的腐败无能和不作为。
（二）《红字》中 “ 监狱 ” 的象征
在小说的第一章就提到了监狱，根据对具体内容和关键词的深
加以自身的文字功底，最终为读者贡献出了精彩的作品。本文通过《红字》中所使用的象征手法包含的多种含义、《红字》中象征
百家争鸣
商品与质量
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《红字》象征手法的运用探究
孙楠
（吉林工商学院，吉林长春１３００６２）
【摘
要】《红字》是在十九世纪时由美国著名作家霍桑所著写的一部长篇小说，在这部著作中第一次运用了象征这一手法，是美国
在象征手法的运用中要注意区分事物的本体和象征体，写作时件却又颇多惩罚，呈现出了本末倒置的奇怪格局。同时也鲜明的反应及时在两者之间进行转化，防止文字的逻辑性出现问题。而在

《红字》象征手法的运用探究

是肮脏的、不堪的、非正常的，从出生就注定不会有一个快乐的童年。珠儿生于监狱之中，成长与不公之中，但命运还是给了珠儿天使一般的面容和心灵。珠儿是海斯特勇敢追求爱情的产物，是追求美好事物和幸福所需要付出的沉重代价的象征。同时，珠儿还象征着美好生活的开始，为了使得珠儿过上平常、幸福的生活，海斯特逼迫自己经历痛苦的蜕变，最终追求到了自己梦寐以求的美满的生活，这也象征着在一切理想事物到来前都必须经历一段黑暗的、艰辛的岁月。２．《红字》中象征手法所表现出的系统性２．１《红字》中 “ 海关 ” 的象征小说开篇就写到了海关，国内外众多学者对这一章节的内容都有颇多争议。海关象征着美国政府，而海关关旗就象征着当时美国政府的状态，旗帜无力萎缩和政府当时处于低迷的时期。在书中对海关一
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《红字》象征手法的运用探宄
孙楠吉林工商学院
【摘要】红字》是在十九世纪时由美国著名作家霍桑所著写的一部长篇小说，在这部著作中第一次运用了象征这一手法，是美国文学史中不可磨灭一段历史。霍桑在小说的创作过程中创造性的大量使用象征的表现手法，小说中所涉及到的人、场所以及大自然中的一切景物都被赋予了特殊的意义，使得故事整体情节更加新颖、】人入胜，具有跌宕起伏这一特性，从而规避了平铺直叙。同时，象征手法的使用使得小说的内涵、意义大大提高，使得小说更具有艺术性和魅力，读者在阅读的过程中回味无穷，留下了极大地想象空间。本文就对《红字》象征手法的运用进行深入探究。

论《红字》中象征主义手法的运用

论《红字》中象征主义手法的运用摘要：I.引言- 介绍《红字》- 简要说明文章的主题II.象征主义手法的定义和特点- 解释象征主义- 描述象征主义手法的特点III.《红字》中象征主义手法的具体运用- 分析《红字》中的象征元素- 解释这些象征元素在小说中的意义IV.象征主义手法在小说中的作用- 讨论象征主义手法如何增强小说的主题和表达力- 分析象征主义手法如何影响读者对小说的理解V.结论- 总结文章的主要观点- 提出对《红字》中象征主义手法的评价正文：I.引言《红字》是美国著名作家纳撒尼尔·霍桑的代表作之一，也是美国文学史上的一部经典之作。

小说以十七世纪晚期的美国为背景，讲述了一个关于罪恶、惩罚和救赎的故事。

在这部小说中，霍桑巧妙地运用了象征主义手法，使得小说的主题和表达力更加深刻。

本文将从象征主义手法的定义和特点出发，详细分析《红字》中象征主义手法的具体运用，以及这些手法在小说中的作用。

II.象征主义手法的定义和特点象征主义是一种文学手法，它通过使用具有象征意义的符号、形象或意象来表达作家的思想、情感和主题。

这些象征元素可以是任何事物，如动物、植物、数字、颜色、形状等。

象征主义手法的特点是含蓄、隐喻和具有多重意义，这使得作品具有更丰富的内涵和更强烈的表现力。

III.《红字》中象征主义手法的具体运用在《红字》中，霍桑运用了许多象征主义手法。

其中最著名的是“红字”，它象征着主人公海丝特·白兰的罪行——通奸。

红字被霍桑赋予了深刻的象征意义，它代表了海丝特的内心痛苦、社会压力和道德谴责。

此外，红字还具有时间、空间和命运的象征意义，展示了罪恶对人的一生的影响。

除了红字之外，《红字》中还有许多其他的象征元素。

例如，小说中的森林象征着自然和神秘的力量，而丁梅斯代尔牧师的书房则象征着知识和理智。

这些象征元素使得小说具有丰富的内涵和多层次的意义。

IV.象征主义手法在小说中的作用象征主义手法在《红字》中起到了增强主题和表达力的作用。

论霍桑《红字》中象征手法的运用

论霍桑《红字》中象征手法的运用摘要：纳撒尼尔?霍桑Nathaniel Hawthorne是美国19世纪伟大的浪漫主义小说家，长篇小说《红字》The Scarlet Letter是霍桑最杰出的作品。

《红字》被称为美国第一部象征主义的小说，它以深邃的主题、出色的艺术手法形成了自己独特的风格。

本文旨在通过分析红字“A”、海丝特?白兰、亚瑟?丁梅斯代尔、罗杰?齐灵渥斯和珠儿等四个主要人物和几个具体场景描写的象征意义来探究霍桑《红字》中象征手法的运用。

关键词：霍桑；《红字》；象征手法；红字“A”；人物；场景霍桑的《红字》是19世纪美国杰出的浪漫主义小说，它以17世纪中叶清教统治下的波士顿为背景，围绕海丝特?白兰Hester Prynne、亚瑟?丁梅斯代尔Arthur Dimmesdale、罗杰?齐灵渥斯Roger Chillingworth和珠儿Pearl等四个主要人物的善恶、爱恨、惩罚与报复展开，同时揭露了19世纪资本主义发展时代美国社会法典的残酷、宗教的欺骗和道德的虚伪。

故事讲述女主人公海丝特和丈夫齐灵渥斯从英国移居尚属其殖民地的美国波士顿，途中齐灵渥斯被印第安人俘虏，海丝特只好只身一人来到波士顿，在孤独中她和年轻英俊、学识渊博的牧师丁梅斯代尔相恋并生下一女珠儿，此事被当地的清教徒视为耻辱，他们把海丝特抓起来投进监狱，游街示众，并威胁她戴上象征耻辱的红色“A”字。

失踪的齐灵渥斯回来后，认为海丝特是他的耻辱，发誓报复海丝特和丁梅斯代尔，他在身体和精神上折磨他，并以此为生活的目的。

丁梅斯代尔最终承受不了精神上的痛苦和折磨坦白了自己的罪过，心力交瘁地死在了海丝特的怀中。

一年后，齐灵渥斯也郁郁而终，之后海丝特带着珠儿离开波士顿。

若干年后，珠儿结婚，海丝特一人回到波士顿，始终佩戴着红色“A”字，直到死后葬在丁梅斯代尔的旁边。

霍桑竭力通过海斯特所遭受的迫害来谴责教会对人性的残酷摧残，暴露了政教合一体制下殖民地社会的冷酷虚伪，探讨了有关罪恶和人性的道德、哲理问题。

论《红字》中象征主义手法的运用

论《红字》中象征主义手法的运用《红字》是美国作家纳撒尼尔·霍桑创作的一部小说，被誉为美国文学的经典之一。

在这部小说中，霍桑运用了丰富的象征主义手法，使作品更具深意，凸显了主题。

首先，作者通过字母"A"的象征意义，揭示了主人公海岱尔的罪恶和羞耻。

海岱尔身上带有红字“A”作为标记，代表着她犯下的奸淫罪行。

这个象征物不仅是对海岱尔的惩罚，也是社会对她的审判和嘲讽。

通过这一手法，作者生动地描绘了海岱尔内心的挣扎和痛苦。

其次，作者利用红字的象征意义，突显了道德观念在社会中的束缚和压迫。

红字的存在成为一种道德标尺，让人们无法忽视海岱尔的罪行。

这种道德束缚不仅限制了她的行动，也让社会对她产生了偏见和歧视。

通过这一手法，作者反思了社会对道德的过度强调所带来的负面影响。

此外，在小说中出现的野生红花也具有象征主义的含义。

红花象征着自由、热情和生命的力量。

当海岱尔佩戴红花时，她摆脱了社会对她的压迫，展现出属于自己的力量和追求。

这一象征手法强调了个体的反抗和追求自由的重要性。

最后，作者通过大自然的描写和象征物的运用，将主题进一步拓展和深化。

大自然中的红色景观如红色的阳光、红色的树叶等，为整个故事增添了视觉上的强烈感受，并与主题紧密相关。

这种象征手法使读者能够更好地理解和感受到主人公的内心世界。

综上所述，通过《红字》中象征主义手法的运用，霍桑创作了一部思想深邃、意义丰富的作品。

作者巧妙地利用象征物体现了主人公的内心挣扎、社会的审判和道德的束缚，同时也突出了个体的反抗和追求自由。

《红字》的成功在于通过细腻的描写和准确的象征运用，将主题表达得淋漓尽致，深深地触动了读者的情感和思考。

霍桑《红字》中的象征主义解读

霍桑《红字》中的象征主义解读《红字》是美国文学史上的经典之作，霍桑在小说中巧妙运用了许多象征主义手法，使得小说具有深刻的寓意和内涵。

本文将从人物、颜色和场景三个方面对《红字》中的象征主义进行解读。

一、人物方面的象征意义首先，小说中的主人公赛琳娜·普林丝是象征“禁欲性”的代表人物。

她因为私通了教士，而被判穿着“A”字母的红色“罪恶”的标志，过着孤独和困苦的生活。

其次，赛琳娜的丈夫罗杰·查琳是象征“复仇”和“报应”的人物。

他在小说中一直在寻找私通者的身份，最终发现是赛琳娜，并计划复仇。

最后，小说中的教士阿瑟·德米辛是象征“双重性”的人物。

他作为教士，本应该代表着道德和伦理，但却和赛琳娜私通，暴露出他的内心深处的矛盾和欲望。

二、颜色方面的象征意义在小说中，红色是最为显眼的颜色。

它既代表着赛琳娜被判穿着的“A”字母，也代表着罗杰·查琳的心中充满的复仇欲望。

此外，红色还代表了罪恶、欲望和魔鬼等负面的含义。

与红色相反的是黑色，它代表着死亡和悲哀。

小说中描写赛琳娜·普林丝的丧葬，墓碑是黑色的，这象征着她的人生悲惨和不幸。

三、场景方面的象征意义小说中的林景是象征着赛琳娜·普林丝的内心。

在林景中，她和教士阿瑟·德米辛私通，这象征着她内心深处的欲望和矛盾。

而在小说结尾，林景又成为了赛琳娜离开世界的场所，这象征着她生命的终结和悲哀。

此外，在小说中还有许多细节的描写，如花草、阳光、天空等，都是象征着不同的含义，寓意深刻。

总之，霍桑在《红字》中运用了众多的象征主义手法，将人物、颜色和场景等元素有机地融合在一起，使得小说具有了深刻的内涵和寓意。

读者通过对这些象征意义的解读和理解，也能更好地领悟小说所表达的思想与精神。

浅谈《红字》中象征主义及浪漫主义手法的应用

浅谈《红字》中象征主义及浪漫主义手法的应用1、《红字》的主题思想《红字》以两百多年前的殖民地时代的美洲为题材，但揭露的却是19世纪资本主义发展时代美利坚合众国社会典法的残酷、宗教的欺骗和道德的虚伪。

主人公海丝特被写成了崇高道德的化身。

她不但感化了表里不一的丁梅斯代尔，同时也在感化着充满罪恶的社会。

至于她的丈夫奇林渥斯，小说则把他写成了一个一心只想窥秘复仇的影子式的人物。

他在小说中只起情节铺垫的作用。

2、《红字》象征手法《红字》用略带神秘色彩的自然景象烘托环境、渣染气氛和映衬人物心理的手法俯拾皆是，最突出的便是丁梅斯代尔牧师和海丝特及珠儿在夜晚和密林中的两次会见：由红字连系在一起的几个主要人物的同时出场，如同戏剧中迭起的高潮，把全书紧织在一个严密的结构之中。

《红字》是美国浪漫主义作家霍桑创作的长篇小说。

人物介绍1、海丝特年轻美丽姑娘的海丝特·白兰在还不懂得什么是爱情的花样年华，嫁给了一位面容苍白、眼色阴沉、身材略有畸型的年长学者齐灵渥斯。

他们的婚姻并非爱的结合，维系其婚姻的可能是某种利益或者宗教思想的束缚。

然而，给这段不幸的婚姻雪上加霜的是，齐灵握斯两年内音讯全无，并最终传来他葬身大海的噩耗。

孤苦无依的海丝特与才貌相当、德高望重的年轻牧师丁梅斯代尔产生了爱情，并孕育了女儿珠儿。

本来两个人的爱情和结合应该是合情合理的，然而却被世俗所不齿，海丝特因此担上了“通奸”的罪名，被迫终身佩戴红字“A”，精神上受尽了折磨和屈辱。

2、珠儿海丝特的女儿珠儿是罪恶耻辱与神圣爱情的矛盾结合体。

海丝特精心地打扮小珠儿，使可爱奔放的她像个天使，一颦一笑，举手投足都闪烁着一种希望的光芒和生命的光辉，带给人们冲破清教束缚的希望。

虽然自小被这个社会所抛弃，跟着母亲受到众人的歧视，嘲讽和迫害，珠儿却桀骜不驯，充满活力。

珠儿身上洋溢着的那股生命的活力和果赘不驯的反叛力是自觉的、先天的，足以超越任何社会、时代的束缚。

珠儿的美和野性的反叛同齐灵渥斯的丑形成强烈的对比：博学多识的老医生却是如此丑陋不堪，而作为母亲罪恶象征的小女孩则仍保持着自然人的纯真，在霍桑的宗教意识里，小珠儿便是“天使”，代表着希望，是霍桑美好理想的寄托，也体现了他对宗教的幻想。

小说《红字》的写作手法

小说《红字》的写作手法
《红字》是一个揭示人性的故事，描写了一个女人因通奸而受到屈辱和惩罚。

在这个故事中，作者用了多种写作手法来深刻地展现人性和社会的复杂性。

1.象征主义
2.意识流和内心独白
小说中还出现了意识流和内心独白的手法。

这些技巧帮助读者更深刻地理解女主人公的内心感受、思想和动机。

作者通过这种方式，让读者了解到女主人公在面对社会的谴责时所承受的痛苦、内心的挣扎和疑虑。

这个手法不仅让人物更加立体化，同时也让人物的感情更加真实。

3.色彩主题
作者还巧妙地将颜色运用到小说中，表现出更加微妙的主题。

例如，红色象征着罪行和性爱，黑色象征着阴谋和恶意。

这些色彩运用的手法不仅美学，更深层意义的是突出主题和意义，体现出作者的深刻洞察力和强烈的美感。

4.象征与隐喻
作者还采用象征与隐喻的手法，使故事更加丰富和深刻。

例如，女主人公手中的玫瑰被视为一种负面象征，暗示她的通奸行为。

这种手法增强了故事的象征主题，深化了读者对自由、激情和罪行的理解。

总之，《红字》是一部重新界定文学的作品，它不仅揭示了人性的缺陷和社会的残酷性，而且探索了深层的象征和隐喻，使读者感受到更加深刻和意义的美感和思考。