英语四种基本句式

英语四种基本句式：陈述、疑问、祈使和感叹句

He goes to school.

I am not a boy. He does not go to school.

Are you a student? Do you / Does she like English ?

What time (is it),please ? which is your pen?

what date is it today? 问日期

This is a book. Is this a book? __ yes, it is / no, it isn’t

What is this ? what this is ?

I like English. I do not like English. Do you like English? What do you like?

She does not like English. Does she like English. What does she like ?

When 问时间who 问人whose 问主人where问地点which 问选择why问原因what time问时间what color 问颜色what about 问意见

what day问星期what date问日期what place 问具体地点How 问情况

how old 问年龄how many/much问数量、价钱how about问意见how far 问路程

how often 问频率

1.some变为any。如：There are some birds in the tree. →There aren't any birds in the tree.

但是，若在表示邀请、请求的句子中，some可以不变。如：Would you like some orange juice?

与此相关的一些不定代词如something, somebody等也要进行相应变化。

2.and变为or。如：I have a knife and a ruler. →I don't have a knife or a ruler.

You needn’t worry about the job and pay._ You needn’t worry about the job or pay. (Don’t need to) 3.a lot of (=lots of)变为many(修饰可数n)或much(修饰不可数n)。如：

They have a lot of friends.（可数名词）→They don't have many friends.

There is lots of orange in the bottle.（不可数名词）→There isn't much orange in the bottle.

4.already变为yet。如：I have been there already. →I haven't been there yet.

I have sent you the mail already. →I haven’t sent you the mail yet.

二：疑问句questios分类：一般疑问、特殊疑问、反意疑问、选择疑问

型，一般可由yes/no来回答；

A . be/助/情态动词(be can do have will 等)+主语+谓语/表语+(其他),句子要读升调；

Eg：Are they your friends？ Can you play basketball？Can you swim to the other side？

Does he go to school on foot？ Do you like English?

Have you locked the door？ Will you be free tonight？以上均可用yes、no来回答。

B: 陈述句亦可用作一般疑问句，多用在非正式文体中，句末有问号，用升调;

Eg：Somebody is with you？He didn’t finish the work？ You are fresh from America，I suppose？22.一般疑问句的回答：除yes、no外，也可用certainly，probably，perhaps，of course，all right，with pleasure等代替yes，用never，not at all等代替no；

Eg：—Can you help me？—Certainly.

—Could you please make less noise？—All right，sir.

—Have you been there？—Never.

33.一般疑问句的否定式：A. 一般结构：系/助/情态动词+not+主语；

也可为：系/助/情态动词+主语+not。

Eg：Do you not/Don’t you believe me? Is it not / Isn’t it a lovely day?

Are you not / Aren’t you coming? Will you not /Won’t you sit down?

Is he not / Isn’t he a doctor? Wil l he not /Won’t he go with you?

Does Helen not /Doesn’t Helen like chocolate? 海伦不喜欢巧克力吗?

B.否定疑问句并不单纯表示提问，它常常带有感情色彩; 否定疑问句的完全式比简略式所表达的语气更强烈些; 惊异、赞叹或责难等语气; 暗示提问者期待着肯定的回答; 表示邀请或建议;

Eg：Haven’t you read the newspaper？Won’t he come？他不来了啊？

Shouldn’t we start now？Wasn’t it an interesting film？

“不”，no的含义为“是”，但在回答这类句子时，应该注意yes后接肯定结构，no后接否定结构，这和汉语习惯不同。Eg：—Are you not Mr Smith？—Yes，I am.不，我是// —No，I am not.是的，我不是

—Haven’t you read this book before？—Yes，I have.不，我读过//—No，I haven’t.是的，我没有—Don’t you play chess？—Yes ，I do.不，我下棋//—No，I don’t.是的，我不下棋。

教你一招：在这样的答语中，只要根据实际情况来判断，如果事实上是，就用肯定的结构，前面接yes；如果事实上不是，就用否定结构，前面接no；但此时的yes、no应翻译成反义的中文。

：wh-questions型问句，when. where. what. who. why. which. whose.

A . 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句；即特殊疑问词+be/助/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语+(其他).

Eg: Who is it on the phone？谁来的电话？How many oranges can you see in the picture？

Where did you last see it？What did you eat yesterday？How do you usually go to school？

What can be done about it？Which are yours？What did you say？

Who would like to come for a game of football？Why didn’t you tell me？

B: 特殊疑问句有时可有一个以上的疑问词;

Eg: Which present did you give to whom？When and where did you meet？

C: 特殊疑问句有时须以介词开首;