英语文章及汉语翻译

The development trend of advanced manufacturing technology and production modeWith the advent of the information age, global economic integration and the formation of unified market, as a pillar of the national economy, manufacturing industry is facing more fierce competition. 2l century manufacturing industry has been experiencing new technology revolution, through continuous change, rapid response, strengthen in the whole life cycle of products quality, function, service and pay attention to environmental protection and enhance market competitiveness, therefore, use of highly integrated, agility, intelligence and green manufacturing technology is an irreversible trend.1 the developing trend of advanced manufacturing technologyAdvanced manufacturing technology is the United States in the late nineteen eighties, according to manufacturing industry faces the challenge of Japan, in order to enhance the competitive capacity of manufacturing industry and revitalize American economy put forward, it is supported by information technology, research and transformation of the role in the entire life cycle of products all the technical term, it integrates mechanical, electronic, information biology, optics, materials, energy, environmental protection, management and the latest achievements in the field, to obtain high quality, high efficiency, low consumption, cleaning products. 2l century the development trend of advanced manufacturing technology embodied in the following aspects:A ) precision: nineteen sixties, general machining accuracy of 100 ~ m, l ~ m precision machining precision, precision of 0.1 M; to the end of twentieth Century, general machining accuracy 1 u m, precision machining accuracy of 0.01 M, ultra precision machining accuracy for 0.00l / m. In the modern precision machinery, to high precision, such as satellite instrument bearing, its roundness, cylindrical, surface roughness are in nanometer scale. For example, the electronic manufacturing required in the control accuracy, precision tends to nanometer to sub-nanometer level.Technique of precision and ultra precision machining precision and ultra precision cutting, grinding, polishing and processing of special and complex processing ( such as chemical mechanical polishing and electrolytic polishing, ultrasonic grinding ) three big fields. Ultra precision machining technology has been to nanotechnology development, in recent years the emergence of nanotechnology, prompted the ultra precision machining to the ultimate precision atomic level processing challenges. Nanotechnology promotes science, materials science, mechanical and optical science, measurement science and the development of electronic science.B ) automation: automation technology since twentieth Century after appearing at the beginning, experienced by a single varieties suitable for mass production of rigid automation, to more varieties of small quantities of flexible automation, multiple species and batch of integrated automation in the development process, thesuccessful application of automation technology, greatly improving the product productivity, effectively to users to provide quality products, but also can complete risk environment task. As the car engine production, so the bulk of the larger industries automation, through the machine automation, the use of automatic machine, combined machine tool, automatic production line to complete the. Small batch production automation through NC, IMS, MC, CAM, FMS, CIM, IMS to complete. The future of automation will more consider" man machine environment" harmonious relationship.C ) network: the manufacturing process of market development, raw materials procurement, product design, parts manufacturing, machine assembly, sales and other links, are not confined to a business, a group or a nation, with the aid of the network technology, especially the Internet, across different enterprise space exists between the gap, organization, management and utilization of scattered around in the manufacturing resource, establish flexible and efficient, mutually beneficial use, transnational enterprise dynamic alliance, through the enterprise between information integration, process integration, resource sharing, for enterprises to carry out collaborative design and manufacturing, marketing, supply chain management to provide technical support for the environment and means, realization of product business affairs in coordination, product design, product manufacturing and supply chain coordination, greatly shorten the product development cycle, reduce development cost, improve the industry chain and manufacturing groups competitiveness.D ) integration : over time, the traditional manufacturing technology on the basis of constant development, computer technology, information technology, new material technology and management technology of organic integration in the product life cycle to form multiple disciplines, interdisciplinary technology complex, advanced manufacturing technology and its connotation across the traditional manufacturing technology and business and processing plant boundary, it is a demand from the market, innovative design, technology to the process of production organization and monitoring, feedback market information, enterprise culture, engineering system; with advanced manufacturing technology, computer application technology as the core of information, design, technology, and energy engineering the corresponding project management integrated technology in modern manufacturing engineering.E ) of intelligence: the information age with the machine to achieve the person's mental labour part of mechanization and automation, make the people get rid of the tedious calculation and analysis, have more energy to engage in creative labour. Intelligent manufacturing technology development trend of intelligent manufacturing system, promote the flexibility, so it has better judgement and the ability to adapt, guarantee the manufacturing system to the best state in the operation process.F ) green: green manufacturing is a sustainable development strategy of human societyin the modern manufacturing industry in embodiment, green manufacturing is mainly related to the optimal use of resources, cleaner production and waste minimization and the use of green manufacturing, product, design, production, products covered packaging, transportation, distribution, consumption and scrap the product life cycle.In green design, selection of green non-toxic, no pollution, easily recycled, reused or easily degradable materials; improve product disassembly, product only by removing and classification can be thoroughly carried out material recovery and recycling of parts; the design takes full account of the various products of material components of recycling possibility, recovery process and technology, recycling costs associated with the product a series of problems, thereby simplifying the recovery process, reduce the waste of resources, no environmental pollution or less pollution to.During the Gulf War, the United States Army Support Battalion in just 3 months, using the remanufacturing technology restored theater 70% of damaged equipment, Japan Fuji Xerox company on the reusable parts repair after treatment and recycling, utilization rate has reached more than 50%, with the old parts of the copier production reached 25% of the total output. American of iron and steel scrap product remanufacturing has obtained remarkable effect; to save energy 47% ~ 74%, reduce air pollution 86%, reduce water pollution 76%, reduction of solid waste water saving 97%, 40%.In order to reduce the cutting process of cutting fluid on environment pollution, appeared the minimum quantity lubrication cutting, dry cutting, grinding, low-temperature spraying liquid nitrogen cooled gas jet cutting of green cutting and grinding technology, machining process with no or only a trace of the cutting fluid. Compared with traditional wet cutting, the processing cost is reduced, avoiding the waste liquid treatment.2 advanced manufacturing modeIn the rapid development of the social economy and the increasingly fierce competition in the market today, manufacturing enterprises to rely solely on the improvement of technology, improve the level of equipment is can't meet above requirements, must from overall strategy, organization structure, management mode, to adapt to market requirements, manufacturing mode is to show the enterprise system, management, management, organization of production and technical system configuration and operation mode.A ) lean production (LP ) : in 1990 the United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology James took 5 years to study global nearly 100 car manufacturing plant, in the" TheMachineThatChangedtheworld" in one book put forward the concept of lean production. And so to describe the Toyota mode of production, that Japan nineteen eighties success lies in using the new mode of production.Lean production is characterized by: 1) the people-oriented, mobilize the enthusiasm of all staff and creativity; 2) pay attention to the needs of customers, according to customer 's need to provide marketable products, and provide quality services;3) be very careful in reckoning, elimination of the manufacturing process of all people, objects, redundant activities, post, time, space, require workers to multi-skill, achieve perfect production; 4) refine on, the pursuit of manufacturing process each link and the whole process of ceaseless and perfect, solve the problem in time, realize zero waste, zero inventory and product diversification.B ) ( AM ) and agile manufacturing virtual enterprise ( VE ): nineteen eighties, in order to restore the American manufacturing industry in the global leadership position, by the United States Department of defense organized by Lehigh University and GM 13 large company as the core has more than 100 companies involved in the joint study group, finally completed in 1991." In twenty-first Century the development strategy of manufacturing industry" report and submit to the United States Congress, this report presents" the concept of agile manufacturing .".The features of Agile Manufacturing: 1) demand response fast, quick response to the market current and future needs of development, predictable, production in line with the user design or order products; 2) manufacturing resource integration, enterprise is not only the internal resource sharing and information integration between enterprises, also includes a variety of resources integration, technology, management and human integration, thus in the product life cycle, the maximum to meet the needs of users; 3) organizational form of dynamic, to win the opportunity of market competition, the use of information technology and network technology, to achieve different organization and enterprise's dynamic organization, it increases with the task of producing, and with the mission ended, beyond the interrogation of the mutual benefit, fight in coordination, resource complementary coalition, known as virtual enterprise, also known as dynamic alliance.In 1993, the United States of America Sandia National Laboratories, the combined signal company joint implementation of telemetry device agile manufacturing demonstration projects, in 13 months to design and manufacture of a new integrated telemetry processor, project cost than budget decreased more than 30%, the production time than the previous mode of production decreased by 50%, improves production efficiency several times.In 2000 February, GM, Ford and Daimler Chrysler terminate at respective parts purchasing plan, to jointly build parts procurement e-commerce market ( procurement dynamic alliance ), in April the same year, Renault - Nissan company decided to join the e-commerce market, transaction cost by original every 100 ~ 150 dollars lower to $5 per car, the manufacturing cost can be reduced at least $1200.C ) integrated manufacturing ( CIM ) and intelligent manufacturing ( IM ) : 1974, the United States Dr. Harrington in" ComputerIntegratedManufacturing ) a book madecomputer integrated manufacturing ( CIM ) concept. Integrated manufacturing of two basic points are: 1 ) the system view, enterprise each management link, from the market, product development, manufacturing, management, sales and service are an integral whole, need to consider; 2) manufacturing information view, enterprises throughout the production process, is actually information acquisition, transmission and processing of the process.CIM is the enterprise organization, management and modernization of production of the new model, it will be the person of the enterprise, technology, three elements of management and the information flow, material flow, value flow organically integrated together, the progressive realization of enterprise whole process computer integrated, it can make the enterprise overall optimization in the premise, to seek local optimization and to achieve global optimization operation, in order to obtain the biggest benefit.IM is in the nineteen eighties artificial intelligence technology is widely used in the foundation, it is characterized by : the manufacture of all aspects of the highly flexible, highly integrated and intelligent, through the computer to simulate human experts intelligent activity, to manufacturing issues analysis, judgment, inference, ideas and decision, replace or extended manufacturing environment the human part of mental labour, and a human expert on manufacturing intelligence collection, storage, sharing, perfect, inheritance and development.3 conclusionIn recent years, Chinese advanced manufacturing technology in the government's guidance and support, to get rapid development and breakthrough. Computer aided design ( CAD ) technology in the manufacturing industry uses generally in our country, the development of a number of excellent 3D CAD, CAPP and CAM system, CNC machine tools and flexible manufacturing system has achieved fruitful results. Basic technology and technical aspects of system development, greatly promoted the modernization of manufacturing industry. Development and promotion of advanced manufacturing technology should stand in the information technology revolution of science and technology, nano science and technology revolution and revolution of science and technology of biology of height, sufficient understanding of advanced manufacturing technology innovation is the need for talents, the implementation of advanced manufacturing mode of talents training is the key.汉语翻译先进制造技术的发展趋势与生产模式随着信息时代的到来，全球经济的一体化和统一市场的形成，作为国民经济支柱产业的制造业面临更加激烈的竞争。