Tunnel
TUNNEL
size 7 51 2 rat 1 1 0.5 ; ; assign names to groups of zones group rock range group 'concrete liner' not group tunnel not ; ; assign Mohr-Coulomb material model mo mohr pro bulk 50e6 she 18e6 fric 20 coh 25e3 ten 0 dil 0 range z 25 35 pro bulk 4e8 she 1.5e8 fric 20 coh 50e3 ten 5e3 dil 3 range z -50 25 ; assign boundary conditions fix x range x -.1 .1 fix x range x 43.9 44.1 fix z range z -40.1 -39.9 fix y range y -.1 .1 fix y range y 50.9 51.1 ; assign initial stress set grav 0 0 -10 ini density 2200 ini szz -770e3 grad 0 0 ini sxx -770e3 grad 0 0 ini syy -385e3 grad 0 0 state
22000 22000 11000
; monitor variables in model hist unbal hist hist hist hist hist hist hist hist hist hist hist hist gp gp gp gp gp gp gp gp gp gp gp gp zdisp xdisp zdisp zdisp zdisp xdisp zdisp zdisp zdisp zdisp zdisp zdisp 0 7 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.5 0 0 35 5.5 0 0 35 35 35 35 35
铁路隧道英语专业术语单词
铁路隧道英语专业术语单词铁路隧道railway tunnel山岭隧道mountain tunnel越岭隧道over mountain line tunnel水下隧道；水地隧道subaqueous tunnel；underwater tunnel地铁隧道subway tunne；underground railway tunnel浅埋隧道shallow tunnel；shallow-depth tunnel；shallow burying tunnel 深埋隧道deep tunnel；deep-depth tunnel；deep burying tunnel单线隧道single track tunnel双线隧道double track tunnel多线隧道multiple track tunnel车站隧道station tunnel地铁车站subway station；metro station特长隧道super long tunnel长隧道long tunnel中长隧道medium tunnel短隧道short tunnel隧道群tunnel group地铁工程subway engineering；metro engineering洞口tunne ladit；tunnel opening隧道进口tunnel entrance隧道出口tunnel exit迎坡；正面坡front slope洞门tunnel portal洞门框tunnel portal frame端墙式洞门end wall tunnel portal柱式洞门post tunnel portal翼墙式洞门wing wall tunnel portal耳墙式洞门ear wall tunnel portal台阶式洞门bench tunnel portal正洞门orthonormal tunnel portal；straight tunnel portal斜洞门skew tunnel portal明洞门open-cut-tunnel portal；gallery portal衬砌lining拱圈arch边墙side wall仰拱invert；inverted arch底板floor整体式衬砌integral lining装配式衬砌precast lining；prefabricated lining模筑衬砌moulded lining洞口段衬砌lining of tunnel portal section偏压衬砌unsymmetrically loading lining；eccentrically compressed lining组合衬砌；复合衬砌composite lining初期支护primary support二次衬砌secondary lining隔离层isolation layer喷锚衬砌shorcrete bolt lining下锚段衬砌；接触网锚段衬砌anchor-section lining挤压混凝土衬砌extruding concrete tunnel lining隔热层thermal insulation layer明洞open-cut tunnel；tunnel without cover；gallery拱形明洞arch open cut tunnel；arch tunnel without cover；arch gallery棚洞shed tunnel；shed gallery路堑式明洞cut-type open cut tunnel；cut-type tunnel without cover；cut-type gallery半路堑式明洞part cut-type open cut tunnel；part cut-type tunnel without cover；part cut-type gallery抗滑明洞anti-skid-type open cut tunnel；anti-skid-type tunnel without cover；anti-skid-type gallery盖板式棚洞slab shed tunnel；slab shed gallery刚架式棚洞framed shed tunnel；framed shed gallery悬臂式棚洞cantilever shed tunnel；cantilever shed gallery隧道专家系统expert system of tunnel围岩surrounding rock围岩压力pressure of surrounding rock地层压力ground pressure；stratum pressure松弛压力relaxation pressure形变压力deformation pressure围岩自承能力self-supporting capacity of surrounding rock坑道自稳时间self-stabilization time of tunnel弹性抗力elastic resistance灌浆压力grouting pressure落石冲击力impact force of falling stone隧道埋置深度；埋深buried depth of tunnel地温梯度geothermal dradient地应力crustal stress预留变形量deformation allowance暗挖法subsurface excavation method明挖法open-cut method矿山法mining method；mine tunneling method钻眼爆破法drilling and blasting method新奥法New Austrian Tunnelling Method；NATM喷锚构筑法shotcrete-bolt construction method掘进机法tunnel boring machine method盾构法shield method沉管法immersed tunnelling method地下连续墙法underground diaphragm wall method；underground wall method；diaphragm wall method全断面开挖法full-face tunnelling method分部开挖法partial excavation method台阶法benching tunnelling method正台阶法positive benching tunnelling method反台阶法negative benching tunnelling method导坑heading上下导坑法top and bottom heading method上导坑法top-heading method漏斗棚架法hopper-shed support tunnelling method蘑菇形开挖法mushroom-type tunnelling method侧壁导坑法side heading method单侧导坑法single side heading method双侧导坑法twin-side heading method品字形导坑法top and twin-side bottom heading method眼睛式开挖法spectacles type tunnelling method超前导坑advance heading扩大enlargement拉槽pull trough；trench excavated马口excavation of side wall at intervals控制爆破controlled blasting光面爆破smooth blasting预裂爆破presplit blasting先墙后拱法side wall first lining method先拱后墙法arch first lining method；flying arch method开挖工作面excavated surface；excavated work face超挖overbreak欠挖underbreak找顶top cleaning出碴mucking and removing有轨运输track transportation无规运输trackless transportation拱圈封顶closing the toop of lining墙顶封口seal；seal at the top of wall喷射混凝土回弹rebound of shotcrete隧道贯通tunnel holing-through隧道贯通误差tunnel through error隧道贯通面tunnel through plane临时支护temporary support构件支撑member support钢拱支撑steel arch support喷射混凝土支护shotcrete support锚杆支护anchor bolt support喷锚支护shotcrete and rock bolt support系统锚杆system anchor bolt超前支护advance support超前锚杆advance anchor bolt插板支护inserting plate support；forepoling小导管预注浆pre-grouting with small duct管棚支护pipe-shed support；pipe roofing support格构拱；钢花拱；格棚拱trellis arch；lattice arch喷射混凝土shotcrete；spray concrete干喷混凝土dry shotcreting湿喷混凝土wet shotcreting潮喷混凝土；半湿喷混凝土half set shotcreting喷射钢纤维混凝土steel fiber shotcrete；steel fiber reinforced shotcrete 防水混凝土waterproof concrete预切槽precutting trough辅助坑道service gallery竖井shaft斜井inlined shaft横洞transverse gallery平行导坑parallel heading横通道transverse passage-way调查坑道investigation gallery；survey tunnel竖井联系测量shaft connection survey隧道防水waterproofing of tunnel防水等级classification of waterproof防水层waterproof layer防水板waterproof board；waterproof sheet防水涂层waterproofing coating隧道压浆pressure grouting of tunnel止水带water stop tie盲沟blind ditch泻水洞drain cavern；drain tunnel隧道运营通风permanent ventilation of tunnel自然通风natural ventilation机械通风mechanical ventilation风道式通风ventilation by air passage隧道通风帘幕ventilation curtain列车活塞作用piston action of train隧道射流式通风tunnel efflux ventilation；tunnel injector type ventilation 隧道通风试验tunnel ventilation test隧道施工通风construction ventilation of tunnel风管式通风ventilation by pipes巷道式通风ventilation by ducts隧道照明tunnel illumination；tunnel lighting隧道防灾设施tunnel anti-disaster equipment避车洞refuge hole；refuge recess；refuge niche隧道火灾tunnel fire hazard隧道报警装置tunnel warning equipment隧道消防系统tunnel fire-fighting system隧道瓦斯爆炸tunnel gas explosion隧道监控量测tunnel monitoring measurement隧道地表沉降tunnel ground subsidence隧道拱顶下沉tunnel arch top settlement隧道底鼓tunnel floor heave隧道周边位移tunnel perimeter deflection隧道地中位移tunnel surrounding mass deflection隧道改建tunnel reconstruction隧道落底under cut of tunnel隧道挑顶top picking of tunnel隧道套拱cover arch of tunnel施工调查construction investigation施工准备construction preparation征地expropriation拆迁removing租地rented land交接桩delivery-receiving stake施工复测construction repetition；repetive survey；construction repetition survey测量放样staking out in survey土石方调配cut-fill transition土石方体积图；土积图volume diagram of earth-rock work隐蔽工程hidden project；hidden construction work废弃工程abandoned project；abandoned construction work工程运输engineering transportation冬季施工cold weather construction；winter season construction雨季施工raining season construction；rainy season construction工程招标calling for tenders of project；calling for tending of project工程投标bidding for project工程报价project quoted price工程发包contracting out of project工程承包contracting of project工程监理supervision of construction；supervision of project总预算total budget单项预算individual budget建筑业总产值total output of building industry指导性施工组织设计design for guiding construction organization；guiding design for construction scheme实施性施工组织设计design for practical construction organization；practical design ofr construction scheme；operative construction organization design临时工程temporary project大型临时工程large-scale temporary project小型临时工程small-scale temporary project过渡工程transition project控制工程dominant project关键工程key project辅助设施auxiliary facilities通车期限time limit for opening to traffic施工总工期total time of construction；total construction time施工组织方案construction scheme开工报告report on starting of construction work；commencement report of construction work；construction starting report竣工报告completion repport of construction work施工计划管理planned manangement of construction网络计划技术network planning technique施工工艺流程construction technology process；construction process工法制度construction method system施工产值construction output value施工利润construction profit施工机械利用率utilization ratio of construction machinery施工机械完好率ratio of construction machinery in good condition施工形象进度construction figuue progress；figurative progress of construction work挖掘机excavating machine；excavator单斗挖土机power shovel索铲挖土机dragline反铲挖土机backhoe蛤壳式抓斗clamshell bucket推土机bulldozer铲运机scoper；scraper；carrying scraper装载机loader带式输送机belt conveyer平地机grader振动碾压机vibration compactor vibration roller压路机roller潜孔钻机diving drill凿岩机air hammer drill；rock drill碎石机crusher挖沟机trench cutting machine；trenching machine；trencher塔式起重机tower crane；column crane汽车式起重机automobile crane；autocrane；truck crane轮胎式起重机rubber tired crane；rough-terrain crane履带式起重机crawler crane；caterpiller crane轨道起重机track crane；rail crane浮式起重机；浮吊floating crane缆索起重机cable crane空中索道aerial ropway电动卷扬机electric winch电动吊车；电动葫芦electric hoist千斤顶jack打桩机pile driver蒸汽打桩机steam pile driver；steam pile hammer柴油打桩机diesel pile driver液压打桩机hydraulic pile driver振动打桩机vibrating pile driver；vibratory driver振动沉拨桩机vibro-driver extractor静压力拨桩机static pressure pile extractor；static pressure pile drawing machine履带式桩架crawler pile frame旋转式钻机swiveling drill machine；rotary drill machine灌水钻机diving drill machine套管钻机drill machine with casting冲击式钻机impact-type drill machine；percussion type drill machine离心水泵centrifugal pump真空水泵vacuum pump深井水泵deep well pump轴流水泵axial flow pump清水泵driving pump往复式空气压缩机reciprocating compressor螺杆式空气压缩机screw compressor单转子滑片式空压机single rotary compressor水泥输送泵cement pump混凝土搅拌机concrete mixer鼓筒式混凝土搅拌机drum concrete mixer锥形反转出料混凝土搅拌机tapered reverse tilting concrete mixer锥形倾翻出料混凝土搅拌机tapered tilting concrete mixer强制式混凝土搅拌机forced concrete mixer混凝土搅拌楼concrete mixing plant简易混凝土搅拌站simple concrete mixing plant混凝土搅拌运输车concrete mixing and transporting car；truck mixer；transit mixer混凝土输送泵concrete pump混凝土泵车concrete pump truck混凝土吊斗concrete lifting bucket钢筋调直机bar straightener钢筋切断机bar cutter钢筋弯曲机bar bender钢筋冷拉机bar cold-drawing machine插入式混凝土振捣器immersion type vibrator for concrete附着式混凝土振捣器attached type vibrator for concrete；attached type vibrator平板式混凝土振捣器plate vibrator混凝土振动台concrete vibrating stand长线张拉台座stretching bed for longline production斜撑桅杆式架梁起重机cross stay derrick girder erecting machine全回转式架梁起重机full circle girderr erecting crane双悬臂式架桥机double cantilever girder-erecting machine单梁式架桥机single beam girder-erecting machine双梁式架桥机double beam girder-erecting machine组拼式架桥机assembly type girer-erecting machine造桥机bridge fabrication machine工程船舶engineering ship；engineering vessel舟桥bateau bridge浮箱floating box；pontoon万能杆件fabricated universal steel members模板form组合钢模板combined steel formwork滑动模板slip form爬升模板climbing shuttering砌拱支架；碗扣式脚手架soffit scaffolding风镐air pick；pneumatic pick凿岩台车；钻孔台车rock drilling jumbo立爪式装岩机vertical claw rock loader蟹爪式装岩机crab rock loader梭式矿车shutter car槽式列车bunker train电瓶车storage battery car斗车bucker loader大型矿车large scale ore car装岩机rock loader干喷混凝土机dry shotcreting machine湿喷混凝土机wet shotcreting machine半湿喷混凝土机half wet shotcreting machine喷射混凝土机械手shotcrete manipulator风动凿岩机pneumatic rock drill手持式凿岩机portable rock drill；jack hammer通风机ventilating set；ventilating machine；ventilator注浆机grouting machine；grouter注浆泵grouting pump；injection pump隧道衬砌模板台车working jumbo for tunnel lining；tunnelling shutter jumbo for tunnel lining 隧道掘进机tunnel boring machine；TBM盾构shield接触网架线车installation vehicle for contact wire接触网作业车operation vehicle for contract wire自卸汽车dumping truck斗式提升机bucket elevator安全技术措施safety techincal measures安全教育safety education事故报告accident report灾害性地质disaster geology突泥projecting mud soil突水gushing water冒顶roof fall岩爆rock burst瓦斯突出gas projection瓦斯浓度gas density；gas consistency掏底开挖；挖神仙土cut the vertical earthwork bottom施工防护construction protection线路封锁track blockade；closure of track；traffic interruption 防护音响信号protecting acoustic signal覆盖防护covered protection。
隧道英文-
隧道英文TunnelWhen one thinks of a tunnel, the first image that comes to mind is typically an underground passage used for transportation such as cars, trains, or pedestrians. However, tunnels can also refer to a variety of other underground structures such as mining tunnels, utility tunnels, or even pedestrian walkways.The history of tunnels can be traced back to ancient civilizations such as the Egyptians and Romans who built underground tunnels for various purposes such as water supply or to hide from enemies during war. However, it wasn't until the 18th and 19th centuries that tunnels became widely used for transportation purposes.The construction of tunnels is a complex process that requires careful planning, design, and engineering. Tunnels can be constructed using various techniques such as drill and blast, tunnel boring machines, and cut and cover. Each technique has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the selection of a specific technique depends on factors such as geology, cost, and time constraints.One of the most challenging aspects of tunnel construction is dealing with the geology of the surrounding terrain. Different types of rock and soil present different challenges, and engineers must carefully evaluate the geology of the area to determine the best approach for tunnel construction. For example, in areas with soft ground, tunnel boring machines may be used,while in areas with hard rock, drill and blast methods may be more appropriate.Tunnels play a vital role in modern transportation infrastructure. They allow for faster and more efficient transportation of people and goods over long distances, and they can also help alleviate traffic congestion in urban areas. However, their construction can also have significant environmental impacts, such as disruption of natural habitats and water resources.In recent years, there has been increased interest in the construction of tunnels for alternative transportation options such as hyperloops and subways. These technologies promise even faster and more efficient transportation, and their development will likely lead to new innovations in tunnel construction techniques.In conclusion, tunnels are fascinating structures that have a long history and continue to be an important part of transportation infrastructure. While their construction can be challenging, the benefits they provide are numerous, and the future of tunnel technology is promising.。
GRE协议简介
GRE协议简介1. 协议简介gre（generic routing encapsulation，通⽤路由封装）协议是对某些⽹络层协议（如ip 和ipx）的数据报进⾏封装，使这些被封装的数据报能够在另⼀个⽹络层协议（如ip）中传输。
gre 是vpn（virtual private network）的第三层隧道协议，在协议层之间采⽤了⼀种被称之为tunnel（隧道）的技术。
tunnel 是⼀个虚拟的点对点的连接，在实际中可以看成仅⽀持点对点连接的虚拟接⼝，这个接⼝提供了⼀条通路使封装的数据报能够在这个通路上传输，并且在⼀个 tunnel 的两端分别对数据报进⾏封装及解封装。
⼀个报⽂要想在tunnel中传输，必须要经过加封装与解封装两个过程，下⾯以图3-1的⽹络为例说明这两个过程：(1) 加封装过程连接novell group1 的接⼝收到ipx 数据报后⾸先交由ipx 协议处理，ipx 协议检查ipx 报头中的⽬的地址域来确定如何路由此包。
若报⽂的⽬的地址被发现要路由经过⽹号为1f 的⽹络（tunnel 的虚拟⽹号），则将此报⽂发给⽹号为1f 的tunnel端⼝。
tunnel ⼝收到此包后进⾏gre 封装，封装完成后交给ip 模块处理，在封装ip 报⽂头后，根据此包的⽬的地址及路由表交由相应的⽹络接⼝处理。
(2) 解封装的过程解封装过程和加封装的过程相反。
从tunnel 接⼝收到的ip 报⽂，通过检查⽬的地址，当发现⽬的地就是此路由器时，系统剥掉此报⽂的ip 报头，交给gre 协议模块处理（进⾏检验密钥、检查校验和及报⽂的序列号等）；gre 协议模块完成相应的处理后，剥掉gre 报头，再交由ipx 协议模块处理，ipx 协议模块象对待⼀般数据报⼀样对此数据报进⾏处理。
系统收到⼀个需要封装和路由的数据报，称之为净荷（payload），这个净荷⾸先被加上gre 封装，成为gre 报⽂；再被封装在ip 报⽂中，这样就可完全由ip 层负责此报⽂的向前传输（forwarded）。
TUNNEL染色
TUNNEL染色（TMR Red）一相关试剂：1、酶缓冲液：vial 1: Enzyme Solution2、标记液：vial 2: Label Solution3、固定液：4%多聚甲醛（PBS配制，现配）4、清理液：PBS（pH 7.4）5、透性处理液（Permeabilisation solution）：含0.1% TritonX–100的0.1% 柠檬酸钠（100ml溶液中含0.1g柠檬酸钠）的缓冲液，新鲜配制二其他设备：1、湿盒2、荧光倒置显微镜或激光共聚焦显微镜（confocal）三染色步骤：1、标本预处理：（1）、适当方法诱导细胞凋亡，同时设未经诱导的对照组，目标细胞，PBS洗一次，加到铺好的多聚赖氨酸载玻片上，自然干燥，使细胞很好的吸附到载玻片上；（用组化笔圈住细胞，并用mark笔在玻片反面做标记）（2）、将吸附细胞的载玻片在4%多聚甲醛中固定25min（4℃过夜）；（3）、PBS（200ul）清洗二次，每次5min；（4）、将吸附细胞的载玻片在0.2%的Triton X-100（0.1% TritonX–100的0.1% 柠檬酸钠）中处理5min；（先固定细胞再用Dnase 1处理细胞做阳参）2、TUNEL反应液：（1）从标记液（vial 2: Label Solution）中吸出100ul用于2个阴性对照（50ul/个）；（2）将50ul酶缓冲液（vial 1: Enzyme Solution）加入到剩余450ul的标记液中充分混合均匀，得到500ulTUNEL反应液（50ul/样本，检测10个样本）。
3、标记：（1）PBS（200ul）清洗样品3min，3次；（2）吸干样品周围的液体；（3）往样品上滴加TUNEL反应液（覆盖整个样品），阴性对照加标记液；（4）湿盒中避光孵育60min，注意避光（37℃培养箱中）；（5）PBS（200ul）清洗3min，3次；（6）抗荧光淬灭封片液封片，用荧光倒置显微镜或激光共聚焦显微镜（confocal）检测（激发波长520-560nm，最大540nm，绿光；检测波长570-620nm，最大580nm，红光。
tunnel中文翻译
tunnel中文翻译tunnel的中文翻译是"隧道"。
隧道是一种人工开凿的通道，用于连接两个地点，通常是在山脉、大厦之下或水下建造。
隧道广泛用于交通运输，如铁路、公路和地铁，也用于输送水、电力和通信设施。
例句：1. Please drive carefully through the tunnel.请在隧道里小心驾驶。
2. The train is passing through the tunnel.火车正在通过隧道。
3. We could hear the echo in the tunnel.我们可以在隧道里听到回声。
4. The tunnel is under construction.隧道正在施工中。
5. The tunnel is well-lit for safety reasons.出于安全考虑，隧道内灯光明亮。
6. The tunnel is a shortcut to the other side of the mountain.这条隧道是到山的另一边的捷径。
7. The tunnel provides a passage for pedestrians.这条隧道为行人提供通道。
8. The tunnel was dug through solid rock.这条隧道是在坚硬的岩石中挖掘而成的。
9. The traffic is congested inside the tunnel.隧道内交通堵塞。
10. The tunnel was designed to withstand earthquakes.这条隧道被设计成能抵挡地震。
11. The tunnel is equipped with ventilation systems.隧道配备了通风系统。
12. The construction of the tunnel faced several challenges.隧道的建设面临了几个挑战。
GRE协议Tunnel
T0 100.1.1.1
T0 100.1.1.2
A
hostname A ! interface Loopback0 ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface FastEthernet0/0 ip address 2.2.2.1 255.255.255.0 ! ip route 1.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 2.2.2.2 ! GRE-22
GRE Tunnel
GRE-1
课程学习要求
通过对本课程的学习希望学员能达到以下要求：
• 理解GRE 的原理和应用范围
• 掌握GRE 的功能和配置 • 了解GRE的报文格式
GRE-2
GRE原理
隧道
A协议
B协议
A协议
例如：IPX
例如：IP
例如：IPX
注：A、B协议可以是相同或不同的协议
•GRE（Generic Routing Encapsulation）：通用路由封装协议。 •GRE是VPN的第三层隧道协议，采用了隧道（Tunnel）技术。 •Tunnel是虚拟的点对点连接，即点对点连接的虚拟接口。
45 00 00 54 02 83 00 00 FF 01 99 22 14 01 01 010A 01 01 01 00 00 65 D3 00 1D 00 00 49 DA 5B 26 04 05 06 07 08 09 0A 0B GRE-17
举例二 跨设备间的GRE
L0 192.168.2.1 F0/0 1.1.1.1 F0/0 2.2.2.1 L0 192.168.3.1
GRE-14
举例一（配置B）
L0 10.1.1.1 F0/0 1.1.1.1
隧道工程英语专业词汇
隧道工程英语专业词汇隧道工程tunnel engineering隧道tunnel铁路隧道railway tunnel公路隧道highway tunnel地铁隧道subway tunnel;underground railway tunnel;metro tunnel 人行隧道pedestrian tunnel水工隧洞hydraulic tunnel 输水隧道raulic tunnel山岭隧道mountain tunnel水下隧道subaqueous tunnel海底隧道水下隧道submari netunnel;underwater tunnel 土质隧道earth tunnel岩石隧道rock tunnel浅埋隧道shallow tunnel;shallow-depth tunnel;shallow burying tunnel 深埋隧道deep tunnel;deep-depth tunnel;deep burying tunnel 偏压隧道unsymmetrical loading tunnel马蹄形隧道拱形隧道horse-shoe tunnel;arch tunnel圆形隧道circular tunnel矩形隧道rectangular section tunnel 大断面隧道largecross-section tunnel 长隧道long tunnel双线隧道twin-track tunnel;double track tunnel曲线隧道curved tunnel明洞open tunnel;open cut tunnel;tunnel without cover;gallery隧道勘测tunnel survey超前探测drift boring工程地质勘测工程地质勘探engineering geological prospecting隧道测量tunnel survey施工测量construction survey断面测量section survey隧道设计tunnel design隧道断面tunnel section安全系数safety coefficient隧道力学tunnel mechanics隧道结构tunnel structure隧道洞口设施facilities oftunnel portal 边墙side wall拱顶arch crown拱圈tunnel arch仰拱in verted arch 底板base plate;floor隧道埋深depth of tunnel 隧道群tunnel group 隧道施工tunnel construction隧道开挖tunnel excavation分部开挖partial excavation 大断面开挖large cross-section excavatio n 全断面开挖full face tunnelling 开挖面excavated surface隧道施工方法tunnel construction method 钻爆法drilling and blasting method新奥法natm;new austrian tunnelling method盾构法shield driving method;shield method顶进法pipe jacking method;jack-in method浅埋暗挖法sallow buried-tunnelling method明挖法cut and cover tunneling;open cut method地下连续墙法underground diaphragm wall method;underground wall method:叙吉法freezing method沉埋法immersed tube method管棚法pipe-shed method综合机械化掘进comprehensive mechanized excavation辅助坑道auxiliary adit;service gallery平行坑道parallel adit竖井shaft斜井sloping shaft;inclined shaft 导坑heading衬砌工艺lining process喷锚锚喷anchor bolt spray;anchor bolt-spray管段tube section接缝joint地层加固reinforcing of natural ground弃磴ballast piling施工监控construction monitor control超挖overbreak欠挖underbreak施工进度construction progress隧道贯通tunnel holing-through工期work period隧道施工机械tunnel construction machinery隧道掘进机tunnelling machine;tunnel boring machine;tbm单臂掘进机single cantilever tunnelling machi ne全断面掘进机full face tunnel boring machi ne隧道钻眼爆破机械machine for tunnel drilling and blasting operation 装輕输血loading-conveying ballast equipme nt衬砌扌JIMlining mechanism钢模板steel form模板台车formworking jumbo 混凝土喷射机碇喷射机concrete sprayer前shield泥水盾构slurry shield气压air pressure shield挤压闭胸盾构shotcrete closed shield土压平衡盾构soil pressure balancing shield注浆机械grouting machine凿岩机rock drilling machine;air hammer drill 凿岩台车drill jumbo;rock drilling jumbo围岩surrounding rock围岩分类surrounding rock classificatio n围岩加固surrounding rock consolidatio n围岩稳定surrounding rock stability围岩应力surrounding rock stress围岩压力pressure of surrounding rock 山体压力围岩压力ground pressure;surrounding rock pressure围岩变形surrounding rock deformation围岩破坏surrounding rock failure软弱围岩weak surrounding rock支护support锚喷支护anchor bolt-spray support 锚杆支护anchor bolt-support;anchor bolt support喷射混凝土支护喷射碇支护shotcrete support;sprayed concrete support配筋喷射混凝土支护配筋喷射碇支护reinforced sprayed concrete support钢架喷射混凝土支护钢架喷射碗支护rigid-frame shotcrete support掘进工作面支护excavation face support超前支护advance support管棚支护pipe-shed support;pipe roofing support胶结型锚杆adhesive anchor bolt砂浆锚杆mortar bolt树脂锚杆resin anchored bolt摩擦型锚杆friction anchor bolt楔缝式锚杆slit wedge type rock bolt涨壳式锚杆expansion type anchor bolt机械型锚杆mechanical anchor bolt预应力锚杆prestressed anchor bolt土层锚杆soil bolt岩石锚杆rock bolt衬砌lining整体式衬砌integral tunnel lining;integral lining拼装式衬砌precast lining组合衬砌composite lining挤压混凝土衬砌挤压碇衬砌shotcrete tunnellining;extruding concrete tunnel lining混凝土衬砌碇衬砌concrete lining 喘苗衬砌shotcrete and boltlining;shotcrete bolt lining 隧道通风tunnel ventilation施工通风construction ventilation运营通风operation ventilation机械通风mechanical ventilation自然通风natural ventilation隧道射流式通风隧道射流通风efflux ventilation for tunnel;tunnel efflux ventilation;tunnel injector type ventilation 隧道通风帘幕curtain for tunnel ventilation;ventilation curtain 通风设备ventilation equipment 隧道照明tunnel illumination;tunnel lighti ng照明设备lighting equipment隧道防水Tunnelwaterproofing;waterproofi ng oft unnel防水板waterproofingboard;waterproofboard;waterproof sheet 防水材料waterproof material隧道排水tunnel drainage排水设备drainage facilites隧道病害tunnel defect衬砌裂损lining split;lining **ing隧道漏水water leakage of tunnel;tunnel leak坍方landslide;slip地面塌陷land yielding涌水gushing water隧道养护tunnel maintenance堵漏leaking stoppage注浆grouti ng化学注浆chemical grouting防寒cold-proof整治regulati on 限界检查clearance examination;checking of clearance;clearanee check measurement 隧道管理系统tunnelling management system隧道环境tunnel environment隧道试验隧道实验tunnel test 试验段实验段test section 隧道监控量测隧道监控测量tunnel monitoring measureme nt 收敛con verge nee隧道安全tunnel safety隧道防火tunnel fire proofing火灾fire hazard 消防fire fighting隧道防灾设施tunnel disaster prevention equipmentsunnel anti- disaster equipment 报警装置报警器alarming device;warning device通过隧道passing tunnel避车洞refuge hole避难洞避车洞refuge recess;refuge hole 电气化铁道工程电气化铁路工程electrified railway con struction电气化铁道电气化铁路electrified railway直流电气化铁道de electrified railway交流电气化铁道交流电气化铁路a.c.electrification railway低频电气化铁道low frequency electrified railway工频电气化铁道工频电气化铁路industry frequency electrified railway电压制voltage system 电流制current system。
GRE协议Tunnel
GRE-8
配置GRE—配置Tunnel接口
ip address ip_addr mask 定义Tunnel接口的IP地址 tunnel source source_ip 定义Tunnel通道的源地址
tunnel destination dest_ip
定义Tunnel通道的目的地址
GRE-9
配置GRE—配置Tunnel接口（可选）
1 packets transmitted, 1 packets received, 0% packet loss
45 00 00 6C IP Tunnel1:00 -> src=10.1.1.1, dst=20.1.1.1, len=84, gate=100.1.1.2 01 01 02 03 D4 TX 00 FF 2F B3 8A 01 01 01 0101 A#2002-1-1 04:58:07 00 0054 03 D2 0045FF 01 97 D35401 01 0114 01 01 00 FF5D D3 00 1DD300 49 DA 5B01 01 45 00 00 08 00 00 00 00 0A 03 D2 00 01 08 00 01 97 00 0A 01 26 --------从接口发出去的数据包经过GRE封装（协议号47） 04 05 06 07 08 09 0A 0B
GRE-15
举例一（配置B 续）
L0 10.1.1.1 F0/0 1.1.1.1
A
L0 20.1.1.1 F0/0 1.1.1.2 T0 100.1.1.2 B
T0 100.1.1.1
interface Tunnel1 ip address 100.1.1.2 255.255.255.0 tunnel source 1.1.1.2 tunnel destination 1.1.1.1 ! ip route 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 100.1.1.1 !
山石网科tunnel隧道问题汇总
客户端登录问题的一般排查过程v2.0作者：李鹏磊写在最前面：本次加入的内容：关于设置tunnel接口失败的处理办法。
现在客户端由于和客户的具体环境关系很大，很容易受到别的软件和客户电脑设置的影响而无法正常使用，我在接手客户端工作的这段时间里也遇到了很多这样的情况，现在稍稍做一些总结分享一下，帮助大家排查问题，提高工作效率。
1.确认pc操作系统已经完全激活如果windows系统处于待激活状态，系统的一些功能是被禁用的，有可能会对scvpn 的登录造成影响，主要是win7和win8需要注意这个问题。
2.关闭UAC具体过程：控制面板->用户帐户->（用户帐户->）更改用户帐号控制设置->从不通知。
该操作需要重启后生效。
3.关闭病毒防护软件的实时文件检测功能建议直接关闭此类软件。
4.提升当前windows用户的管理员权限具体过程：控制面板->用户帐户这里可以看到当前用户的权限，建议使用拥有管理员权限的帐号。
5.恢复IE的默认设置具体过程：Ie->选项->Internet选项->高级->重置6.设置设备地址为安全站点。
具体过程：Ie->选项->Internet选项->安全->受信任的站点->站点（下面第一图）受信任的站点->输入设备地址->添加（下面第二图）7. 查看本地服务列表中Hillstone Secure Connect 服务是否存在，如果存在是否为自动并已启动，如果不存在请重新安装客户端并刷新列表。
如果存在但不是自动并已启动，请手动更改状态。
更改状态的过程：双击服务项->修改“启动类型”为自动->修改“服务状态”为已启动->点击“应用”保存设置。
设置tunnel接口失败。
根据前端的反馈，这个问题出现的情况很多，也比较复杂，我单独来讲一下。
1.问题出现的原因：Tunnel即隧道，设置tunnel接口失败即设置隧道接口失败，这在vpn创建过程中是即为关键的一步，scvpn客户端执行这一步是使用netsh interface ip set命令进行设置的。
tunnel(GRE隧道)VPN配置过程分析
tunnel(GRE隧道)VPN配置过程分析Tunnel (GRE tunnel) VPN Configuration Process AnalysisIntroduction:Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) are widely used to establish secure and private connections over a public network, such as the internet. One common type of VPN is the tunnel (GRE tunnel) VPN, which utilizes Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) to encapsulate and transmit data packets between two remote networks. This article will analyze the configuration process of a tunnel VPN, focusing on the steps involved and the key considerations to ensure a successful setup.Configuration Process:1. Requirements analysis:Before starting the configuration process, it is crucial to determine the specific requirements of the VPN. This includes identifying the remote networks that need to be connected, the types of data to be transmitted, and any security measures that must be implemented.2. Network topology design:Based on the requirements analysis, a network topology design needs to be created. This design outlines the physical and logical layout of the network, including the placement and configuration of routers, firewalls, and VPN gateways.3. Selection of VPN gateways:In the case of tunnel VPNs, specific VPN gateways capable of supporting GRE tunneling must be selected. These gateways act as endpoints for the VPN connections, allowing data packets to be encapsulated and securely transmitted through the tunnel.4. Configuration of routers:The next step involves configuring the routers at both ends of the VPN connection. This includes assigning IP addresses to the router interfaces, enabling GRE tunneling, and setting up routing tables to ensure proper forwarding of data packets.5. GRE tunnel creation:Once the routers are configured, the GRE tunnels can be created. This involves specifying the source and destination IP addresses of the tunnel endpoints, as well as assigning a tunnel interface to facilitate the encapsulation and decapsulation of data packets.6. Encryption and authentication configuration:To enhance the security of the VPN connection, encryption and authentication mechanisms should be implemented. Popular protocols like IPsec can be utilized to encrypt the data traffic and establish secure communication between the remote networks.7. Testing and troubleshooting:After completing the configuration steps, it is crucial to test the VPN connection thoroughly. This includes verifying connectivity between the remote networks, testing data transmission, and ensuring that all securitymeasures are working as intended. If any issues are encountered, troubleshooting techniques should be employed to identify and resolve the problems.Key Considerations:1. Security:When configuring a tunnel VPN, it is essential to prioritize security. This includes selecting strong encryption algorithms, implementing authentication mechanisms, and regularly updating the VPN gateways and routers with the latest security patches.2. Scalability:The VPN design should be scalable to accommodate future growth and changes in network requirements. This can be achieved by using dynamic routing protocols, such as OSPF or BGP, which can dynamically adapt to network changes and optimize the routing process.3. Performance:Proper bandwidth planning and traffic prioritization should be considered to ensure optimal performance of the tunnel VPN. Analyzing the expected data volume and bandwidth requirements can help prevent congestion and maintain a high-quality connection.4. Redundancy:To minimize the risk of a single point of failure, redundancy measures, such as implementing redundant VPN gateways and routers, should beconsidered. This can help ensure continuous operation of the tunnel VPN, even in the event of hardware failures or network disruptions.Conclusion:Configuring a tunnel (GRE tunnel) VPN involves a systematic approach that includes requirements analysis, network topology design, selection of VPN gateways, router configuration, GRE tunnel creation, encryption and authentication configuration, as well as testing and troubleshooting. By considering key factors such as security, scalability, performance, and redundancy, a well-designed tunnel VPN can provide secure and reliable connectivity between remote networks.。
tunnel的用法
tunnel的用法以下是关于“tunnel”的用法、固定搭配及双语例句：基本用法：- 作名词，表示“隧道”“地道”。
- 作动词，表示“挖地道”“挖隧道”。
固定搭配：- go through a tunnel（穿过一条隧道）- build a tunnel（修建一条隧道）双语例句：1. The train rushed through the tunnel. 火车飞速穿过隧道。
2. They are building a tunnel under the mountain. 他们正在山底下修建一条隧道。
3. We had to drive through a long tunnel. 我们不得不开车穿过一条长长的隧道。
4. The workers spent years digging this tunnel. 工人们花了好几年挖这条隧道。
5. Isn't it amazing how they made this tunnel? 他们是怎么建成这条隧道的，这难道不令人惊叹吗？6. The tunnel was dark and damp inside. 隧道里面又黑又潮。
7. He wondered what was at the end of the tunnel. 他好奇隧道的尽头是什么。
8. The new tunnel will make travel much easier. 新隧道会让出行容易得多。
9. They had to use special equipment to build the tunnel. 他们不得不使用特殊设备来修建隧道。
10. I can't believe we're finally in this tunnel! 真不敢相信我们终于在这条隧道里了！11. The tunnel connects the two cities. 这条隧道连接着这两个城市。
Tunnel3D软件使用说明
三维激光隧道断面仪后处理软件使用说明1. 软件运行环境操作系统 winXP, win2000，计算机具备打印机接口（LTP1）及串行接口（COM）或USB接口。
2. 软件安装方法第一步：启动计算机并进入Windows；第二步：运行Setup.exe，根据安装向导提示将软件安装到指定路径中。
当出现如下界面时，选择相应的驱动程序，对于3型、4型不需要安装USB驱动，对于不带PDA的2型机以及防爆机型不需要安装PDA同步软件，加密锁驱动和主程序必须安装。
第三步：安装完毕，重启计算机，桌面上应当有安装程序创建的快捷方式，双击该快捷方式即可启动程序。
3. 软件功能说明3.1 软件界面如下图所示为软件的主界面，该界面主要包括四个部分菜单栏、工具栏、状态栏、可浮动面板和客户区五部分。
菜单栏、工具栏和状态栏的功能按照windows标准界面进行定义，菜单栏和工具栏的所包含的功能相同，操作方式不同，状态栏显示状态与鼠标当前位置相关，当鼠标移动到功能按钮上方时，显示该按钮功能的详细说明，在二维模式下，鼠标在客户区内移动时，显示当前鼠标位置所代表的二维坐标。
客户区显示二维三维模式下断面形状以及超欠挖情况，客户区中包含控制条，用于控制二维三维模式的切换以及三维模式下断面的选择。
可浮动面板有三个，分别为“数据”、“属性”和“曲线信息”，“数据”用于显示当前测量曲线所包含的数据点坐标，“属性”用于显示三类信息工程信息、测量信息和设置信息，“曲线信息”用于显示当前测量断面的超欠挖数据等。
这些信息根据所选断面或者曲线的改变而实时发生对应的变化。
可浮动面板可以根据用户的使用习惯分别停靠到不同位置或按照标签的方式显示，还可以自动隐藏到客户区的边缘。
点击浮动面板的顶部标题栏，对其进行拖动时，如下图所示，界面上会出现停靠指示提醒图标，拖动面板时鼠标放置到相应停靠提醒图标上时，蓝色区域显示了当前面板将要停靠的位置，此时如果释放鼠标，则浮动面板停靠到该区域指示位置。
路由器配置(tunnel口配置)
12.3.3 Tunnel端口配置
2008-07-08 09:02 李利军/韩小琴/金素梅编著科学出版社我要评论(0)
∙摘要：《中小企业网络管理员实战指南》第12章路由器命令行配置,路由器作为网络互联设备，除了用于借助长途链路将局域网连接在一起构建广域网络外，还被应用于局域网的Internet连接,本节为大家介绍的是Tunnel端口配置。
∙标签：中小企业网络管理实战指南中小企业网络管理员实战指南
∙
Oracle帮您准确洞察各个物流环节
12.3.3 Tunnel端口配置
路由器借助Tunnel端口实现隧道功能，允许利用传输协议（如IP）来传送任意协议的网络数据包。
同其他逻辑端口一样，Tunnel（隧道）端口也是系统虚拟的端口。
Tunnel端口并不特别指定传输协议或者负载协议，它提供的是一个用来实现标准的点对点的传输模式。
由于Tunnel实现的是点对点的传输链路，所以，对于每一个单独的链路都必须设置一个Tunnel端口。
Tunnel传输适用于以下情况：
允许运行非IP协议的本地网络之间通过一个单一网络（IP网络）通信，因为Tunnel支持多种不同的负载协议；
允许通过单一的网络（IP网络）连接间断子网；
允许在广域网上提供VPN（Virtual Private Network）功能。
Tunnel端口配置操作步骤如下。
如何在putty上建tunnel做转发
如何建立在Putty上建立tunnel.1,在putty 的Session的host Name 输入一台服务器的IP(135.252.27.112)这台是NJ的服务器.Port口为22. Save sessions 里面定义名字.2,在tunnels选项里的source port里面填入相应的端口号,为了别人连接用.etc:63300.Destination里面填入central ip:22.下面选择Remote.3,参考下面的图建立其他两个连接,所有建立时候都选remote.4,需要把central下面的publicKey,放入到第一步提到的服务器上的/root/.ssh/known_hosts下面.对原文件做注释,或者替换.[root@central01_JSMobile ssh]# more /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pubssh-rsaAAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAvt5DSUt+mKAZLoI14sIHKIORP MxHKwmv01C1KGwDc7Zaq2yG4u7HlzDXSKXzNn1mdvQW7h6qbduAsA Vk33y9 gL3Fn75W7lwCyvAFHRYqLZbcGSTDsSiGm90ZLrYCfNd1MT/ngkXIF6WdMtNZDLGA5dA3/dvT z8yaaUbi6zXXwmVUbznUZuBV45MX9ff5tO9L5siVV6qW94mn5/PRMYJXhg33 WjeVmEjSDpNgfV91qR7simJcFghsVYUiQqe2f4+C1//HAL5BQdJrSxGa27nCP5y8SmF5v0D9ZTTL JehBEGWXLQ6pBlL84YJYYgQNgJiHid1g3QrVNiOr8dabNy5HFQ==5,先把Putty运行起来连接到服务器上. NJ服务器(112)的用户名和密码是::(yzhao / yzhao@nj) 然后在用secureCRT软件中连接到服务器(112)上,输入:[yzhao@wng9900-hp-dev /]$ ssh root@localhost -p 63300根据提示输入相应的central的密码就ok了.。
HttpTunnel说明
第三步：在本地机器上用FTP连接本机的6666端口，现在已经连上对方的机器了。
可是，人家看到的怎么是127.0.0.1而不是192.168.0.4的地址？因为本地机器现在是连接本机的6666端口，防火墙肯定不会有反应，因为没往外发包，当然局域网的防火墙不知道了。现在连接上本机的6666端口以后，FTP的数据包不管是控制信息还是数据信息，都被htc伪装成HTTP数据包然后发过去，在防火墙看来，这都是正常数据，相当于欺骗了防火墙。
HTTPTunnel，Tunnel这个英文单词的意思是隧道，通常HTTPTunnel被称之为HTTP暗道，它的原理就是将数据伪装成 HTTP的数据形式来穿过防火墙，实际上是在HTTP请求中创建了一个双向的虚拟数据连接来穿透防火墙。说得简单点，就是说在防火墙两边都设立一个转换程序，将原来需要发送或接受的数据包封装成HTTP请求的格式骗过防火墙，所以它不需要别的代理服务器而直接穿透防火墙。HTTPTunnel刚开始时只有Unix版本，现在已经有人把它移植到Window平台上了，它包括两个程序，htc和hts，其中htc是客户端，而hts是服务器端，我们现在来看看我是如何用它们的。比如开了FTP的机器的远端机器IP是 192.168.0.3，本地机器的IP是192.168.0.4，现在我本地因为防火墙的原因无法连接到 FTP上，现在用HTTPTunnel的过程如下：
需要说明的是，这一招的使用需要其他机器的配合，就是说要在他的机器上启动所允许的80 端口上，这样才可以成功绕过防火墙！HTTPTunnel还有一个优点，就是他的机器以前80端口开着，现在这么用也不会出现什么问题，正常的Web访问仍然走老路，重定向的隧道服务也畅通无阻！
用Netstat看一下本机现在开放的端口，发现6666端口已在侦听。
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Exhaust air
6
补风口
Secondary air tuyere
给加热段补充内部空气
Supply air in the heating phase
序号No.
名称Name
用途Function
1
可编程控制器
PLC
一个可编程逻辑控制器（PLC）或可编程控制器是一种数字电脑机电工艺，如对工厂的组装线，机动游戏机，照明设备或机械控制，自动化使用。
带动风机的运转
Drive the hot-air fan
4
抽湿风机
Dehumidifier fan
抽湿空气
Suck huminity air
5
排风机
Exhaust fan
排风
Exhaust air
6
输瓶系统
Transfer system
详见下页
See the details as follows
容器瓶输送机构
Protective relaying and increase the quantity & capacity
7
交流接触器
AC contactor
接通和分断负载
Connect ang disconnect the load
8
散热器
Radiator
传导、释放热量
Conduct and release heat
Spraying water valve & Water inlet valve
清洗网带
Wash the belt
2
超声波发声器
Ultrasonic generator
产生超声波
Generate ultrasonic wave
3
传送带
Mesh belt conveyor
送瓶
Convey bottles
2
风门检测机构
Air door testing device
当风机运转不正常的时候主要起保护和报警作用
It mainly protects the fan and gives an alarm when the fan doesnot work properly.
3
热风机马达
Hot-air fan motor
Transportation device
序号No.
名称Name
用途Function
1
传动链轮
Driven chain wheel
带动链条运动
Drive the chain
2
轴承座
Bearing
固定驱动辊轮
Fix the driving toll
3
传动链条
Driving chain
带动网带运转
Drive the conveyor
隧道式烘箱机械结构分解说明
Tunnel Structure Specification
国际业务部
IBT Department
2010/12/27
序号No.
名称Name
用途Function
1
检测接口
Detection port
主要有三个接口：停电保护，压差口和DOP接口
There are three ports:power failure protection,pressure differential mouth and DOP
Aprogrammable logic controller(PLC) orprogrammable controlleris adigital computerused forautomationofelectromechanicalprocesses, such as control of machinery on factoryassembly lines, amusement rides, or lighting fixtures.
9
电流感应器
Electricity inductor
安防设备
Securityqiupment
10
断路器
Breaker
控制加热管等其他部位的运转
Break power to stop heating tube and other parts
用途Function
1
均流板
Laminar flow plate
平均气流
Average the flow
2
预热层流风机
Pre-heating laminar flow fan
预热段的吹风（层流空气）
Blow wind(laminar flow air)
风罩
Fan housing
负压密封
Negative pressure sealing
2
断路器
Switch-disconnecter
控制部件的运转（如加热管）
Control the operation of the spare parts（for example: heating tube）
3
马达空开
Motor protection switch
带荷拉闸，和短路保护
Shut off the power under the condition that the machine is running, and short circuit protection
4
张紧轴
Regulating axis
调节网带的张紧度
Regulate the tight of the belt
5
减速机
Reducer
降低运转速度，加大马力
Slow down the speed and increase strength
序号No.
名称Name
用途Function
1
淋水管阀门&进水管阀门
4
压差管
Pressure differential pipe
调节压差
Regulate thedifferential pressure
序号No.
名称Name
用途Function
1
冷却层流风机
Cooling laminar flow fan
吹垂直风
Blow wind(laminar flow air)
2
不锈钢电热管
Stainless steel electrical heating tube
加热
Heating
3
风罩
Fan housing
负压密封
Negative pressure sealing
4
排渣口
Bleed hole
排出废渣
Exhaust the wasteresidue
5
排风机
Exhaust fan
4
水箱；溢水管
Tank；Overflow gap
储水；溢水
Save water to the conveying belt ; leak water
5
预热段
Pre-heating zone
详见下面
See the details as follows
预热段
Pre-heating zone
序号No.
名称Name
4
变频器
Frequency Inverter
调节网带，风机等的转速
Regulate the speed of conveyer belt,fan and etc.
5
交流接触器
AC contactor
控制负荷
Control load
6
中间继电器
Intermediate relay
继电保护和增加触点的数量及容量