2020托福阅读考试资料推荐

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2020年3月19日托福阅读答案解析

2020年3月19日托福阅读答案解析3月19日托福阅读部分词汇题ardent=enthusiasticcompelling=persuasivescanty=fewdistinctive=characteristicsconfine=restrict toresemble= look likelone=single3月19日托福阅读Passage 1 The extinction trends 灭绝趋势文章解析第一篇文章一共五段，第一段开篇以物种数量的变化趋势引出extinction(大灭绝)的概念，然后对geological time(地质时间)中的 extinction的情况做了大体描述。

第二段讨论这些灭绝的原因，除了气候因素、小行星撞地球外，提出人为因素，本段的考题主要是人为因素影响灭绝的时间要注意。

第三段写最近一次的冰川时期，美国北部和亚欧大陆北部都覆盖着广阔的冰川，生活在这些冰川地带南部边界的人们的生活方式为打猎，人们为了获得食物打猎致使大量的物种灭绝。

第四段写农业的产生改变的人们的生活方式，人们为了开垦土地种庄稼进一步破坏自然，导致大量物种的灭绝。

最后一段写欧洲殖民(European colonies)对当地带来的影响，导致物种大量灭绝。

解析：最近连考大灭绝话题，足见ETS对这个话题的重视度。

本篇文章表面上看在讲大灭绝，实质上同样把人类的发展史与物种的灭绝结合起来考，建议考生把文章中涉及的相关背景知识都做一个较好的了解，如：冰川世纪、农业的起源、欧洲和美国发展史，当然学科词汇必不可少。

相信对背景全面的了解、对词汇的熟练的掌握，能够帮考生们很好的应对这篇文章。

参考阅读：TPO 15 Mass ExtinctionsTPO 8 Extinction of the DinosaursTPO 15 Glacier FormationTPO 21 The Origins of AgricultureTPO 33 Extinction Episodes of the Past3月19日托福阅读Passage 2 水生昆虫如何躲避捕食者本篇文章分为四个段落，第一段通过写生物有各种各样的方法伪装自己以便躲避捕食者，引出水生昆虫如何躲避捕食者，主要写颜色这个方面。

2023年托福阅读TPO20(试题+答案+译文)第3篇-FossilPreservation整理

2023年托福阅读TPO20(试题+答案+译文)第3篇:FossilPreservation整理TPO是我们常用的托福模考工具，对我们的备考很有价值，下面我给大家带来托福阅读TPO20(试题+答案+译文)第3篇:Fossil Preservation。

托福阅读原文【1】When one considers the many ways by which organisms are completely destroyed after death, it is remarkable that fossils are as common as they are. Attack by scavengers and bacteria, chemical decay, and destruction by erosion and other geologic agencies make the odds against preservation very high. However, the chances of escaping complete destruction are vastly improved if the organism happens to have a mineralized skeleton and dies in a place where it can be quickly buried by sediment. Both of these conditions are often found on the ocean floors, where shelled invertebrates (organisms without spines) flourish and are covered by the continuous rain of sedimentary particles. Although most fossils are found in marine sedimentary rocks, they also are found in terrestrial deposits left by streams and lakes. On occasion, animals and plants have been preserved after becoming immersed in tar or quicksand, trapped in ice or lava flows, or engulfed by rapid falls of volcanic ash.【2】The term fossil often implies petrifaction, literally a transformation into stone. After the death of an organism, the soft tissue is ordinarily consumed by scavengers and bacteria. The empty shell of a snail or clam may be left behind, and if it is sufficiently durable and resistant to dissolution, it may remain basically unchanged for a long period of time. Indeed, unaltered shells of marine invertebrates are knownfrom deposits over 100 million years old. In many marine creatures, however, the skeleton is composed of a mineral variety of calcium carbonate called aragonite. Although aragonite has the same composition as the more familiar mineral known as calcite, it has a different crystal form, is relatively unstable, and in time changes to the more stable calcite.【3】Many other processes may alter the shell of a clam or snail and enhance its chances for preservation. Water containing dissolved silica, calcium carbonate, or iron may circulate through the enclosing sediment and be deposited in cavities such as marrow cavities and canals in bone once occupied by blood vessels and nerves. In such cases, the original composition of the bone or shell remains, but the fossil is made harder and more durable. This addition of a chemically precipitated substance into pore spaces is termed permineralization.【4】Petrifaction may also involve a simultaneous exchange of the original substance of a dead plant or animal with mineral matter of a different composition. This process is termed replacement because solutions have dissolved the original material and replaced it with an equal volume of the new substance. Replacement can be a marvelously precise process, so that details of shell ornamentation, tree rings in wood, and delicate structures in bone are accurately preserved.【5】Another type of fossilization, known as carbonization, occurs when soft tissues are preserved as thin films of carbon. Leaves and tissue of soft-bodied organisms such as jellyfish or worms may accumulate, become buried and compressed, and lose their volatile constituents. The carbon often remains behind as a blackened silhouette.【6】Although it is certainly true that the possession of hard parts enhances the prospect of preservation, organisms having soft tissues andorgans are also occasionally preserved. Insects and even small invertebrates have been found preserved in the hardened resins of conifers and certain other trees. X-ray examination of thin slabs of rock sometimes reveals the ghostly outlines of tentacles, digestive tracts, and visual organs of a variety of marine creatures. Soft parts, including skin, hair, and viscera of ice age mammoths, have been preserved in frozen soil or in the oozing tar of oil seeps.【7】The probability that actual remains of soft tissue will be preserved is improved if the organism dies in an environment of rapid deposition and oxygen deprivation. Under such conditions, the destructive effects of bacteria are diminished. The Middle Eocene Messel Shale (from about 48 million years ago) of Germany accumulated in such an environment. The shale was deposited in an oxygen-deficient lake where lethal gases sometimes bubbled up and killed animals. Their remains accumulated on the floor of the lake and were then covered by clay and silt. Among the superbly preserved Messel fossils are insects with iridescent exoskeletons (hard outer coverings), frogs with skin and blood vessels intact, and even entire small mammals with preserved fur and soft tissue.托福阅读试题1.The word agencies in the passage (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning tobinations.B.problems.C.forces.D.changes.2.In paragraph 1, what is the authors purpose in providing examples of how organisms are destroyed?A.To emphasize how surprising it is that so many fossils exist.B.To introduce a new geologic theory of fossil preservation.C.To explain why the fossil record until now has remained incomplete.D.To compare how fossils form on land and in water.3.The word terrestrial in the passage (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning tond.B.protected.C.alternative.D.similar.4.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage (paragraph 2)? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A.When snail or clam shells are left behind, they must be empty in order to remain durable and resist dissolution.B.Although snail and clam shells are durable and resist dissolving, over time they slowly begin to change.C.Although the soft parts of snails or clams dissolve quickly, their hard shells resist dissolution for a long time.D.Empty snail or clam shells that are strong enough not to dissolve may stay in their original state for a long time.5.Why does the author mention aragonite in the passage (paragraph 2)?A.To emphasize that some fossils remain unaltered for millions of years.B.To contrast fossil formation in organisms with soft tissue and in organisms with hard shells.C.To explain that some marine organisms must undergo chemical changes in order to fossilize.D.To explain why fossil shells are more likely to survive than are fossil skeletons.6.The word enhance in the passage (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning toA.control.B.limit.bine.D.increase.7.Which of the following best explains the process of permineralization mentioned in paragraph 3?A.Water containing calcium carbonate circulates through a shell and deposits sediment.B.Liquid containing chemicals hardens an already existing fossil structure.C.Water passes through sediment surrounding a fossil and removes its chemical content.D.A chemical substance enters a fossil and changes its shape.8.The word precise in the passage (paragraph 4) is closest in meaning toplex.B.quick.C.exact.D.reliable.9.Paragraph 5 suggests which of the following about the carbonization process?A.It is completed soon after an organism dies.B.It does not occur in hard-shell organisms.C.It sometimes allows soft-tissued organisms to be preserved with all their parts.D.It is a more precise process of preservation than is replacement.10.The word prospect in the passage (paragraph 6) is closest in meaning topletion.B.variety.C.possibility.D.speed.11.According to paragraph 7, how do environments containing oxygen affect fossil preservation?A.They increase the probability that soft-tissued organisms will become fossils.B.They lead to more bacteria production.C.They slow the rate at which clay and silt are deposited.D.They reduce the chance that animal remains will be preserved.12.According to paragraph 7，all of the following assist in fossil preservation EXCEPTA.the presence of calcite in an organisms skeleton.B.the presence of large open areas along an ocean floor.C.the deposition of a fossil in sticky substances such as sap or tar.D.the rapid burial of an organism under layers of silt.13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square [■] to insert the sentence in the passage. But the evidence of past organic life is not limited to petrifaction. ■【A】Another type of fossilization, known as carbonization, occurs when soft tissues are preserved as thin films of carbon. ■【B】Leaves and tissue of soft-bodied organisms such as jellyfish or worms may accumulate, become buried and compressed, and lose their volatile constituents. ■【C】The carbon often remains behind as a blackened silhouette.■【D】14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideasin the passage. This question is worth 2 points. The remains of ancient life are amazingly well preserved in the form of fossils.A.Environmental characteristics like those present on ocean floors increase the likelihood that plant and animal fossils will occur.B.Fossils are more likely to be preserved in shale deposits than in deposits of clay and silt.C.The shells of organisms can be preserved by processes of chemical precipitation or mineral exchange.D.Freezing enables the soft parts of organisms to survive longer than the hard parts.paratively few fossils are found in the terrestrial deposits of streams and lakes.F.Thin films of carbon may remain as an indication of soft tissue or actual tissue may be preserved if exposure to bacteria is limited.托福（阅读答案）1.agency代理，中介，作用，所以答案是force，选C。

新托福考试各阶段备考书籍资料详解

新托福考试各阶段备考书籍资料详解第一阶段：新托福预热阶段（或者称为适应阶段）时间：距离考试3－5个月的时期建议准备的材料和使用方案：1. 王玉梅的《TOEFL词汇》（2005版），外加电脑软件《新东方背单词4》。

新托福词汇量相较旧托福的确有所加大，所以建议准备王玉梅的词汇书（词汇量大，收录5000多个单词）。

而且，《新东方背单词4》中的托福词库和王玉梅书的词汇量最接近，也是5000出头。

建议一开始背诵词汇书，在背诵2周到一月之后，开始用《新东方背单词》复习背过的单词。

书本比较适合单词初记，软件比较适合用来筛选出自己难以背出的单词来进行强化记忆（用软件的单词测验功能筛选出难记单词）。

如果按照每天新背一个list的进度，40天可以背完第一篇。

（但要注意不要放松对旧单词的复习，巩固旧单词的重要性不亚于背新单词）。

当然，另外有张红岩、俞敏洪、李笑来的词汇书也比较受欢迎。

如果大家手头已经有或者在背那三本，问题也不大，不过会比《新东方背单词4》的托福词库要少。

另外，四本书中李笑来那本词汇书量最小，2140个核心词汇，不建议有3个月以上备考时间的朋友准备。

2. 旧托福真题新托福毕竟是旧托福的延伸，所以旧托福也有一定的参考价值。

建议在背了3周新词（一半单词）时，开始练习旧托福真题。

主要是练习听力的partB、C和阅读题。

（基础一般的同学，建议用2000以前的听力真题练习，语速比较慢）不过不一定要像考试那样练习。

比如托福听力刚刚听时，不一定要急着做题，而尝试听懂大意，一遍不行就两遍、三遍……同时，旧托福听力partC还可以用来听写和跟读，并帮助提高口语能力。

阅读也不用急着像旧托福考试要求的平均11分钟做完一篇，可以放慢做题节奏。

语法虽然在新托福里不是一个单独考察项目，但其实融入了口语和作文中，所以旧托福语法题也可以作为检测自己语法水平的手段。

（个人觉得在考前2个月时，保证旧托语法题75％以上的正确率还是必要的）作文题的复习下面有介绍。

托福阅读tpo68R-3原文+译文+题目+答案+背景知识

TPO68 阅读-3 Research into Aging and Extending Life Span原文+译文+题目+答案+背景知识原文Research into Aging and Extending Life Span①The mounting evidence for age genes that influence the aging process is by no means conclusive , but it is quite impressive, coming from a variety of independent research from aging in worms and fruit flies to antioxidants and gene repair mechanisms, and human mutations. Still, the connections are circumstantial.②Christopher Wills, professor of biology at the University of California in San Diego, thinks that by 2025 science will likely isolate the mammalian age genes in mice. We share roughly 75 percent of our genes with mice and have much the same body chemistry; this is a strong reason to believe that an age gene found in mice could also be at work in humans. If such genes are located, the next step would be to find out if these age genes have their counterparts in humans. Wills believes that if they are found in humans, they may extend the human life span perhaps to 150 years.③But by 2020, when personalized DNA sequencing becomes widespread, a second tactic may prove fruitful as well. By analyzing populations of healthy individuals in their nineties and beyond, scientists will find it possible to use computers to compare their genetic backgrounds and cross-check for similarities in key genes that are suspected of influencing aging. A combination of studies on the DNA of long-lived animals and on the personalized DNA sequences of elderly individuals may considerably narrow down the search for the age gene.④As yet, none of these methods can prove that we can increase the human life span. Indeed, the only theory with a proven track record of extending the life span of animals is the caloric restriction theory, which states that animals which consume calories just above starvation levels live significantly longer than the average. Although this theory flies in the face of common sense (a well-fed animalis well nourished and healthy, and should have greater resistance to disease and aging), it has held up under repeated testing among a wide range of animals. Scientists have consistently increased the life span of rats and mice in the laboratory by 50 to 100 percent. It is the only laboratory-tested theory of age extension for animals that has held up under decades of careful scrutiny. Why?⑤Across the animal kingdom, the life span of animals is roughly inversely correlated to the metabolism rate. The slower their normal metabolism rate, the longer their normal life span. In 1996, in a study that reduced the calorie intake of 200 monkeys by 30 percent, the monkeys were shown to have a slower metabolism rate, a longer life span, and reduced rates of cancer, heart disease, and diabetes. “We have known for 70 years that if you feed laboratory mice less food, they age slower, they live longer, and they get diseases less frequently. We find that monkeys respond in the same way as rodents and that the same biological changes may be in play here,”says George Roth of the National Institute of Aging.⑥There is still room for scientific debate on the question “why?”Ron Hart, a scientist at the National Center for Toxicological Research, believes that the answer may tie in the high body temperature of mammals, and humans in particular. “Heat causes pieces of the DNA molecule to split off randomly, and it must be repaired,”Hart says. “Under calorie restriction, though, the engine runs cooler and there’s less damage. Merely reducing caloric intake by 40 percent reduced this form of spontaneous DNA damage almost 24 percent!”Furthermore, at a higher internal body temperature, oxygen is being burned at a greater rate, creating more free radicals, which also speed up the aging process. Cooling the body, on the other hand, increases the amount of antioxidants in the body. Hart found a fourfold increase in the enzyme catalase and a threefold increase in superoxide dismutase in animals on a restricted diet. “What’s fascinating," Hart concludes, “is that reduced food intake is the only experimental paradigm ever found that enhances DNA repair.”Hart is so convinced of the importance of this work that in 1993 he began the first systematic studies of caloric restrictions in humans.译文研究老化和延长寿命①虽然越来越多的关于影响衰老过程的衰老基因都不具结论性，但却令人印象深刻，这些证据来自各种独立的研究，从蠕虫和果蝇的衰老到抗氧化剂和基因修复机制，以及人类突变。

托福试题及答案2020

托福试题及答案20201. 阅读部分A. 阅读材料一1.1. 问题一：文章中提到的主要观点是什么？答案：文章主要讨论了城市化进程对环境的影响。

1.2. 问题二：作者在文中使用了哪些论据来支持他的观点？答案：作者使用了统计数据、专家意见和历史案例来支持他的观点。

B. 阅读材料二2.1. 问题一：文章中提到的主要观点是什么？答案：文章主要探讨了教育对于个人发展的重要性。

2.2. 问题二：作者在文中使用了哪些论据来支持他的观点？答案：作者使用了教育研究结果、个人经历和比较分析来支持他的观点。

2. 听力部分A. 听力材料一1.1. 问题一：讲座中教授提到了哪种类型的动物？答案：教授提到了迁徙鸟类。

1.2. 问题二：教授是如何解释这种动物的行为的？答案：教授通过观察和实验数据来解释这种动物的迁徙行为。

B. 听力材料二2.1. 问题一：对话中两位学生讨论了什么话题？答案：两位学生讨论了即将到来的期末考试。

2.2. 问题二：他们对这个话题的态度如何？答案：他们对这个话题感到紧张和焦虑。

3. 口语部分A. 口语任务一1.1. 问题一：描述一个你曾经遇到的挑战，并解释你是如何克服它的。

答案：我遇到的挑战是准备一个重要的演讲。

我通过多次练习和向老师寻求建议来克服它。

B. 口语任务二2.1. 问题一：你更喜欢在图书馆学习还是在咖啡馆学习？为什么？答案：我更喜欢在图书馆学习，因为它提供了一个安静和专注的环境。

4. 写作部分A. 写作任务一1.1. 问题一：描述一个你认为重要的社会问题，并提出解决方案。

答案：我认为环境污染是一个重要的社会问题。

解决方案包括提高公众意识和推动可持续能源的使用。

B. 写作任务二2.1. 问题一：你同意还是不同意以下观点：学校应该要求学生穿校服？给出你的理由。

答案：我同意这个观点，因为校服可以减少学生之间的社会压力，并促进学校精神。

2020年12月12日托福阅读真题

2020年12月12日托福阅读真题12月12日托福阅读第一篇主要内容：讲learning standard test set，就是如何测试不同种类动物的intelligence。

不同物种的智商不一样。

人们很想知道动物的智商和人类有什么不同，遇事通过动物学习水平来检测。

前三段都是讲的这个test是怎么操作的。

最先举的例子好像是猴子和什么，做的对比实验。

第一次让它从三角形和长方形里选，选三角形就给奖励，选正方形就不给;第二次从圆形和多边形里选，依旧是选圆形给奖励，选择多边形不给。

后面持续变化通过大量实验来看这种动物的improvements，就比如这种动物在实行第几十次测试时准确率增加了多少。

一种猴子经过了三十次测试准确率就达到百分之九十了，然后这个测试的结果表明智商高的动物大脑也大。

于是大家都觉得能够参考。

后面三段都在反驳这个方法不可取。

又举了一个澳大利亚的mouse like的动物的例子，同样做类似上面的实验，第一次区分ab第二次区分黑白。

这种动物大脑很小但是测试结果很高，是因为他们生活在wide open areas，很容易被捕食者发现，他们要避免天地还要抓很敏捷的昆虫做实物，所以这方面水平很强。

然后这里有个句子简化题，大意是说动物的process different，不能说明学习水平，也不能用之前的实验来测试。

然后还说了海豚虽然做这个实验成绩很低，但是如果把visual的图形换成auditory的声音就会很好，所欲这个实验不可取是因为首先实验produce中很小的difference都会造成result的很大不同，而且这些difference都是不可避免的。

其次，对某些动物不适用。

12月12日托福阅读第二篇主要内容：中世纪欧洲政府的变革。

宗教变得影响力越来越小，政府的管辖范围越来越大。

法国葡萄牙等一些国家创造了nation这个定义。

国家边界变得更清晰了。

荷兰和英国建立了parliament，具有立法权。

托福阅读什么教材书比较好

托福阅读什么教材书比较好备考托福的朋友肯定需要一些教材资料，选择合适而实用的教材资料是非常重要的一件事，那么大家知道该选择什么样的阅读教材吗？下面小编给大家推荐一下。

托福阅读书籍如何选择?有的时候，市面上的学习资料不是太少了，而是太多了。

如果用“乱花渐欲迷人眼”来形容现在的托福书籍市场，真的是毫不过分，仅是流行的longman，delta，Thomson，Barron，高分120，TPO，剑桥，Kaplan就已经是一只手数不过来了。

如果再加上很多根本不流行的，很可能要用上朋友的手指头，加脚趾头才能数的清。

但是实际上，绝大多数由于出得很早，就是因为早期占领了市场而保证销量延续至今，但是实际上大多只能算是败絮其中，要是谈兵法，就要首先把市面上的常见材料分分清。

Longman：真的是很初级的教材，难度远远低于新托福的实际水平，找快感，树立自信用这个材料不错，除此之外，用处不大。

当然这是针对基础不错的，要是基础一般的话，这个作为入门材料也未尝不可。

Delta：难度略高于Longman，不过现在看来，相比与新托福考试，这本书的作用也仅限于垫桌子角仅此而已，如果非要说有什么用的话，就是跟Longman一样，在寒冷的冬夜，可以用来取暖!不知道卖女孩的小火柴^_^会不会惊恐的看到篝火之中出现的不是大餐，而是ETS的logo^_^Thomson：如果你真的想花钱在这个东西的身上的话，你最好把这些钱捐给李连杰的“壹基金”，相信孩子们的那些教科书比这本书有用多了。

Thomson虽然比Delta还是算稍微难一点，以及模考软件做得更精良一点。

但是如果你追求效率的最大化的话，这本书也是可以跳过的。

Barron：这本书要是跳过的话，很多人就有点不舒服了，因为这本书，在新托福考试的早期还是很受人追捧的。

但是无可奈何花落去，虽然这本书在文章的选材，以及题目的难度上，还是可以被稍微认可的。

但是我们不得不承认这本书现在与新托福突破口TPO也就是真题比较起来，真的是出题思路或者说出题方向不一致，如果你在考前只坚持用这本书的话，你很有可能是南辕北辙了，现在来看，第一难度偏低，第二思路有偏差，第三考点有偏差。

托福资料之老托阅读100篇【完整版】.docx

托福资料之老托阅读 100 篇【完整版】老托阅读 100 篇相对 TPO 要简单一些，也是伴随托福备考学员的很重要的一份资料，对于基础薄弱，做 TPO 真题阅读需要过渡的考生来说再适合不过了，为方便考生备考，太傻留学托福考试频道特意将这100 篇托福阅读理解为考生做了归纳和整理，考生只要收藏此页面，就可以在需要的时候打开进行练习了!Toefl 资料下载之老托阅读100 篇【完整版】PASSAGE 1: 冰箱的发展PASSAGE 2: 水循环PASSAGE 3: 印第安人变篮子的故事PASSAGE 4: 哈德逊河派的绘画PASSAGE 6: 硫酸钾在造玻璃和肥皂时的作PASSAGE 5: 创造文化的材料和技术用PASSAGE 7:Philadelphia's 如何发展成商业PASSAGE 8: 为什么大型动物要生活在热带中心雨林PASSAGE 9: 孟买象化石的发现地PASSAGE 10: 人类饮食活动的变化PASSAGE 11: 竹屋怎样防御外界的侵害PASSAGE 12: 动物在岩石上产卵PASSAGE 13: 地球表面岩石的生长与分类PASSAGE 14: 电视对美国政治的影响PASSAGE 15: 菌类对农业的影响PASSAGE 16: 鸟的祖先PASSAGE 17: 鹦鹉产卵的方式PASSAGE 18: 女性对美国建立初期的贡献PASSAGE 19: 北美城市的发展PASSAGE 20: 壁炉的构造PASSAGE 21: 美国早期雕塑的发展PASSAGE 22: 北美城市的发展改革PASSAGE 23: 美国早期城市功能的发展PASSAGE 24: 地球极地激光的形成和外形PASSAGE 25: 营养学研究的历史PASSAGE 26: 关于某彗星的介绍PASSAGE 28:19 世纪末 20 世纪初艺术的发PASSAGE 27: 土壤分解法展PASSAGE 29:一种农业机器在美国的普遍PASSAGE 30: 蝴蝶的种类使用PASSAGE 31: 房租租金的控制PASSAGE 32: 西方艺术发展史PASSAGE 33: 关于做决定的研究PASSAGE 34: 城市的发展以及移民PASSAGE 35: 一种岩洞对观察天象的影响PASSAGE 36: 美国水彩画协会的发展PASSAGE 37: 人的声音对个性的影响PASSAGE 38 : 有关冰河时代的PASSAGE 39: 印第安人捕鱼的生活方式PASSAGE 40: 一周工人工作时间的演变PASSAGE 42:美国铁路发展给美国带来的PASSAGE 41: 地球物种灭绝的分析影响PASSAGE 43: 抗感染药的发明PASSAGE 44: 大脑中神经系统的结构PASSAGE 45:19 世纪的家庭工作PASSAGE 46: 宾夕法尼亚暖气锅炉的改造PASSAGE 47: 美国在 20 世纪初对移民者的PASSAGE 48: 不同领导的领导风格介绍PASSAGE 50:19 世纪艺术在工业社会中的PASSAGE 49: 古代陶瓷的制作方式角色PASSAGE 51 : 美国建立自然生态保护园的PASSAGE 52:美国劳动力从农业到工业的介绍转变PASSAGE 54:被作曲家采用越来越多的音PASSAGE 53: 玻璃纤维的使用方法乐元素PASSAGE 55: 建立公园的计划PASSAGE 56: 民歌定义的不同理解PASSAGE 58:从狩猎到农业的改变对人类PASSAGE 57: 希腊陶瓷技术的发展生活的影响PASSAGE 60: 美国棉花 19 时期作为重要的PASSAGE 59: 历史上第一只鸟的介绍出口商品PASSAGE61: 北美农业殖民地艺术家作品PASSAGE 62: 关于鸟换毛的事PASSAGE 63: 鸟躲避侵略者的三种策略PASSAGE 64: 蚂蚁工作方式的介绍PASSAGE 65: 彗星的 coma 的形成PASSAGE 66: 小孩学说话PASSAGE 67: 某个奇特地方的植被PASSAGE 68: 北美陶瓷的制作PASSAGE 69:美国报纸上气象报道图的变PASSAGE 70: 鸟搭窝的方式化PASSAGE 71: 地理位置对城市发展的影响PASSAGE 72: 哈莱姆文艺复兴PASSAGE 73: 科技与工业化联系PASSAGE 74: 冰川的形成及融化PASSAGE 75:早期狩猎对大型体格动物灭PASSAGE 76: 泥土的形成及其用途绝的影响PSSAGE 77: 生物灭绝的原因PASSAGE 78: 远古的文字PASSAGE 79: 动物行为的研究PASSAGE 80: 美国调查方式的实施PASSAGE 82:婴幼儿时期的模仿对人和动PASSAGE 81: 木星的简介物的影响PASSAGE 83:美国现实主义和自然主义作PASSAGE 84: 美国早期印刷业的内容家介绍PASSAGE 85: 郁金香在北美殖民地的发展PASSAGE 86: 蚂蚁生存使用的各种信号PASSAGE 87: 热能在大气中传输PASSAGE 88: 化石的形成PASSAGE 90:某时期变化对海洋生物的影PASSAGE 89:19 世纪静物艺术品响PASSAGE 91:不同时期艺术装饰风格的简PASSAGE 92: 岩石层对气候的影响介PASSAGE 94:美国工业化给美国经济带来PASSAGE 93: 洛杉矶城市的发展的改变PASSAGE 95:昆虫怎样用信息素来传递信PASSAGE 96:Homestead Act 的弊端息PASSAGE 97: 对月亮两个区域的研究PASSAGE 98 : 松鼠吃橡果的迷PASSAGE 99 : 碳水化合物和气温的关系PASSAGE 100: 小提琴的发展和使用原文网址：托福考试：。

托福基础书籍推荐

托福基础书籍推荐
1. 老托福题目--主要涉及阅读和老托福听力的Part C部分，用于培训阅读的感觉和能力、速度，同时培养听力的能力和接收的效率。

2. VOA听写、翻译训练---建议大家拿VOA中的Report进行训练最为有效。

3. 《TOEFL词汇词根+联想记忆法》俞老师的经典之作，不用多说了。

4. 《新托福考试综合教程》---Longman（从基础能力到强化实战的最佳过渡）
能力强化提升阶段
1. 《新托福考试官方指南》---OG
2. 《新TOEFL考试技能培训教程》（初、中、高） (NorthStar Building Skills for the TOEFL iBT)
3. 《新托福考试备考策略与模拟试题》---DELTA
4. Princeton Review Cracking the TOEFL iBT
5. 《Cambridge Preparation for the TOEFL Test》
冲刺模考阶段推荐书籍
1. 新托福考试冲刺试题--Delta's Key Six practice tests
2.《新托福考试全真模考题与精解》---Barron
3. KAPLAN TOEFL iBT 07-08版。

托福考试阅读理解历年真题精炼2024年集

托福考试阅读理解历年真题精炼2024年集托福（TOEFL）考试是评估非英语为母语人士英语能力的国际化标准化考试，被广泛应用于留学、工作和移民等领域。

其中，阅读理解部分是考生们备考的重点之一。

为了帮助考生们更好地准备托福考试，下面将精选2024年的托福阅读理解历年真题进行整理和分析，以供考生们参考。

文章一：新兴领域的技术应用拉比什·萨尔瓦先生是一位在数字领域取得了巨大成功的企业家。

最近，他的公司推出了一款名为VR魔方的产品，该产品是一种用于虚拟现实游戏的创新设备。

与传统的游戏设备相比，VR魔方能够提供更加身临其境的游戏体验。

通过VR魔方，玩家可以完全沉浸到虚拟世界中，感受到前所未有的真实感。

这款设备采用了先进的传感技术，能够捕捉玩家的动作和表情，让游戏变得更加互动和刺激。

VR魔方的另一个独特之处在于它的便携性。

相比其他虚拟现实设备，VR魔方更加轻巧和便捷，可以随时随地使用。

这使得玩家们能够在旅行、户外活动以及与朋友聚会等场合中享受到虚拟现实游戏的乐趣。

除了娱乐方面的应用，VR魔方还被广泛应用于教育、医疗和工业等领域。

在教育方面，这款设备能够提供更加生动且互动性强的学习体验，帮助学生们更好地理解和记忆知识。

在医疗方面，VR魔方可以用于康复训练和疼痛管理等方面，为患者们提供更加舒适和有效的治疗手段。

在工业领域，VR魔方可以用于模拟训练和设计验证等方面，提高工作效率和产品质量。

总而言之，VR魔方作为一种新兴领域的技术应用，具有巨大的潜力和发展前景。

它不仅可以为玩家们带来更加身临其境的游戏体验，还能够在教育、医疗和工业等领域发挥重要作用。

相信随着技术的不断创新和进步，VR魔方的应用范围会越来越广泛，给人们的生活带来更多的乐趣和便利。

文章二：环境保护与可持续发展环境保护与可持续发展是当今世界面临的重要问题之一。

随着人类活动的不断增加和资源的消耗，地球的生态环境遭受到了严重的破坏。

为了解决这个问题，国际社会采取了一系列的措施，以促进环境保护和可持续发展。

详解托福考试之书籍推荐

详解托福考试之书籍推荐托福考试是横在许多拥有出国梦想的考生面前的一道屏障，考场如同战场，前期的准备工作异常重要。

然而当我们打开某宝，输入关键字托福，会有大量的相关书籍跳出来，那么这么多书我们该如何下手，买到适合自己的好书呢?接下来我们就来分享下不同阶段适合烤鸭们的资料。

一、词汇篇1.初级版如果你是高中生，或者词汇量停留在高中阶段的大学生，那么你首先要做的事情就是买两本书---新东方出版的《四级词汇》和《六级词汇》，这两本书不仅能打牢英语基础，更可以让你在写作时游刃有余，不会觉得无词可用，在阅读的词汇题中分分钟选出答案。

2.升级版当你的基础词汇已经积累够多，那么你可以背诵托福词汇，比如《无老师7天托福单词》、《TOEFL 核心词汇21天突破》。

当你背诵完这些单词之后，你会发现有些词太像了，分辨不清时，你可以背诵一个终极版的书它叫做《词以类记》，张红岩老师写的。

在你正式上考场之前，背单词的脚步请不要停止，反复的记忆背诵。

二、听力篇1.基础版听力基础一般般你请看这里，不要急于求成，听力是一个练习的过程，最好的练习方法是跟读和精听。

最好的精听材料就是tpo原文，可以选择tpo前五套的文章作为精听的材料。

平时的听力练习可以使用一些书上的材料，比如《TOEFL iBT 听力新思维》。

2.升级版当你觉得听完一篇lecture毫无压力的时候，可以选择TPO里面的文章进行练习，还有DELTA 的红蓝双煞。

三、阅读篇1.碎片化学习神器---《新托福白日百句百篇》2.强化阅读功底----《文勇的新托福阅读手稿》3.备考王道----《新托福IBT黄金阅读真题》四、口语篇1.准备阶段---《新托福口语词汇小伴侣》2.备考阶段---《新托福考试专项进阶》此书分为初级，中级，高级，根据自己实际情况自行选择相应阶段;《口语机经》，此书有1-5，都可以买买买;还有就是《小马口语机经》考前必看机经!五、写作篇1.准备阶段----《怎样让托福写作更美国》，慎小嶷老师编写的。

托福资料之老托阅读100篇【完整版】

PASSAGE 32:西方艺术发展史
PASSAGE 33:关于做决定的研究
PASSAGE 34:城市的发展以及移民
PASSAGE 35:一种岩洞对观察天象的影响
PASSAGE 36:美国水彩画协会的发展
PASSAGE 37:人的声音对个性的影响
PASSAGE 38 :有关冰河时代的
PASSAGE 39:印第安人捕鱼的生活方式
PASSAGE 78:远古的文字
PASSAGE 79:动物行为的研究
PASSAGE 80:美国调查方式的实施
PASSAGE 81:木星的简介
PASSAGE 82:婴幼儿时期的模仿对人和动物的影响
PASSAGE 83:美国现实主义和自然主义作家介绍
PASSAGE 84:美国早期印刷业的内容
PASSAGE 85: 郁金香在北美殖民地的发展
PASSAGE 70:鸟搭窝的方式
PASSAGE 71:地理位置对城市发展的影响
PASSAGE 72:哈莱姆文艺复兴
PASSAGE 73:科技与工业化联系
PASSAGE 74:冰川的形成及融化
PASSAGE 75:早期狩猎对大型体格动物灭绝的影响
PASSAGE 76:泥土的形成及其用途
PSSAGE 77:生物灭绝的原因
PASSAGE 16:鸟的祖先
PASSAGE 17:鹦鹉产卵的方式
PASSAGE 18:女性对美国建立初期的贡献
PASSAGE 19:北美城市的发展
PASSAGE 20:壁炉的构造
PASSAGE 21:美国早期雕塑的发展
PASSAGE 22:北美城市的发展改革
PASSAGE 23:美国早期城市功能的发展
PASSAGE 94:美国工业化给美国经济带来的改变

新托福阅读机经分类

新托福阅读机经分类阅读1.caveart洞穴壁画：主要谈西欧的壁画内容，为什么画动物，相同的壁画代表了相同猎手对相同猎物德向往等加了一堆理论。

非洲和欧洲的caveart都存有28000年的历史（此处有题，问欧洲caveart的历史）。

caveart的边线有时很难确认，所以专家猜测是因为这部分art存有religiouspurpose（此处有题，问专家为什么说道存有religiouspurpose）。

对于caveart中广泛以动物为主题，也存有许多相同猜测（这句话发生在最后的summary题里），存有一个猜测就是increasetheluckofhunting，这种猜测可以被animal身上的chip证明（这里也存有题，问chip的促进作用），但是，话锋一转，说道实际上大多数动物身上并没chip，因此主要目的也许不是increasetheluckofhunting，而是在theendof…（某个时代）的时候因为动物数量增加，通过画动物去保佑自然界中动物数量能激增（这儿也存有题）。

另外一个表述就是caveart尽量避免画人，因为画人被指出可以减少人丧生的可能性。

有些动物更多地发生在caveart中，如horse，（除了三四种想不起来了），是因为1.theyprovidemeatandmaterial，2.它们size小，人们害怕它们，并且它们的犯罪行为难以掌控。

另外一些动物，例如鹿不常被图画至，是因为它们用处并不大。

（关于选哪种动物的原因，也存有题，就是个negativeinformation题）3.美国舞蹈家loiefuller（富勒）：她为一颇盛个性的艺术家，尤其讨厌尝试各种恶搞自然现象的表现形式和采用各种代莱舞台技术。

其与许多艺术家、科学家（居里夫妇）存有交流合作。

在法国创立了自己的女性剧团和舞蹈学校，但在其去世前就已复办。

4.皮亚杰（jeanpiaget）对美国教育界的影响：说道了他的一个理论，有关scheme的。

2020中石油托福考试模拟题

2020中石油托福考试模拟题题目一：托福阅读托福考试是世界上最具权威性的英语水平考试之一，被广泛认可和采用。

在2020年的中石油托福考试模拟题中，阅读部分将是考试的重要组成部分。

本文将针对2020中石油托福考试模拟题中的阅读部分进行解析和探讨。

首先，让我们来看一道典型的托福阅读题目：Passage 1: Fossils in Greenland。

这道题目要求考生们通过阅读一篇关于格陵兰岛化石的文章，并回答相关问题。

阅读材料将围绕格陵兰岛的地质构造、化石种类和形成时间等方面展开。

在解答问题之前，我们应该先通读全文，掌握阅读材料的大意和主要内容。

接下来，我们需要开展逐题分析。

每道题目都有其特定的要求和难点，我们需要抓住关键词，理清答题思路。

例如，题目一要求我们判断下列哪个选项正确地描述了格陵兰岛地质构造的变化。

我们可以通过定位关键词，并结合文中相关段落，找到正确答案。

此外，托福阅读还会考察考生们的词汇理解能力，对于一些生词和专业术语的掌握是必要的。

在遇到生词时，我们可以通过上下文来猜测其意思，或者借助词根词缀的知识进行推测。

除了阅读理解之外，本次托福模拟考试还设置了一些其他类型的阅读题目，例如配对题、细节理解题等。

针对这些题型的答题要求，我们需要加强对文章细节的理解，通过逐行阅读和标注关键信息的方式来提高答题准确率。

在备考过程中，没有捷径可走，唯有多加练习。

阅读大量的英语文章，并进行适当的阅读速度和理解力的训练，可以提高自己的阅读水平和应对考试的能力。

在结尾处，我们总结了本文讨论的重点。

在2020中石油托福考试模拟题中，阅读部分的复杂性不容小觑。

掌握阅读技巧、扩充词汇量、培养快速阅读能力，都是提高阅读成绩的关键。

希望本文提供的解析和建议能够对考生备考托福阅读部分有所帮助。

题目二：托福听力托福考试中的听力部分是每位考生需要关注和重视的重要环节。

2020中石油托福考试模拟题中的听力部分涵盖了不同场景和话题，要求考生们能够快速听懂并准确理解听力材料的内容。

2024托福考试必备阅读理解历年真题练习

2024托福考试必备阅读理解历年真题练习托福考试作为国际英语能力认证考试之一，阅读理解部分一直是考生备考的重点。

为了帮助准备2024托福考试的考生们更好地应对阅读理解题型，本文将提供一些历年的真题练习，供考生们进行针对性的练习和复习。

1. Passage 1Archaeology is a fascinating field that allows us to explore the past. By studying artifacts and remains, archaeologists can reconstruct ancient lifestyles and gain insights into human history. However, the process of conducting archaeological research can be challenging.Archaeologists often face difficulties in locating and accessing archaeological sites. Many sites are buried under layers of soil and vegetation, making them hard to find. Moreover, obtaining permission to excavate these sites can be a lengthy and bureaucratic process, requiring cooperation from various governmental agencies.Despite these challenges, archaeological research has yielded important discoveries. For example, the excavation of a burial site in Egypt led to the discovery of an intact pharaoh's tomb, providing valuable information about ancient Egyptian practices and customs.In addition to unearthing artifacts, archaeologists also analyze the data collected to draw conclusions about the past. This process involves careful examination of the artifacts, as well as collaboration with experts in related fields such as anthropology and history.2. Passage 2Climate change is a pressing global issue that requires urgent action. The rise in global temperatures is causing melting ice caps, rising sea levels, and extreme weather events. These changes have far-reaching consequences for both the environment and human societies.One of the main contributors to climate change is the burning of fossil fuels. Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases released during the combustion process trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to the greenhouse effect. This effect is causing the Earth's temperature to increase at an alarming rate.To combat climate change, countries around the world are adopting renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power. These sources are sustainable and do not produce greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, individuals can reduce their carbon footprint by adopting energy-saving habits, such as using energy-efficient appliances and reducing water waste.It is crucial for governments and individuals to work together to mitigate the effects of climate change. By implementing policies that promote sustainable practices and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, we can protect our planet for future generations.3. Passage 3The advent of technology has revolutionized the way we communicate and access information. With the rise of smartphones and social media platforms, people can connect with others and share information instantly. However, this digital age has also raised concerns about privacy and security.Online privacy has become a major issue, as personal data can be easily accessed and exploited by malicious individuals. Social media platforms often collect and store users' personal information, which can be sold to third parties for advertising purposes. Additionally, cybercriminals can use sophisticated techniques to hack into individuals' accounts and steal their sensitive information.To protect one's privacy online, it is important to take precautionssuch as regularly updating passwords and enabling two-factor authentication. Furthermore, individuals should be cautious about the information theyshare online and avoid posting sensitive personal details.Governments and tech companies also play a crucial role in safeguarding online privacy. Stricter regulations and stronger cybersecurity measures should be implemented to protect users' personal data. Additionally, educating the public about online security best practices can help raise awareness and prevent cybercrime.通过以上三个例子，考生们可以了解到真实的托福阅读理解题目的样式和内容。

2020年托福阅读模拟试题及答案(卷二)

2020年托福阅读模拟试题及答案（卷二）如何确定恐龙的食物Determining what extinct dinosaurs ate is difficult, but we can infer some aspects of their dietary preferences.要确定已经灭绝的恐龙吃什么比较困难，但是我们可以推测出它们喜欢吃什么食物。

Traditionally this information has been derived from direct evidence, such as stomach contents, and indirect evidence, such as establishing a correlation between particular body characteristics and diets of living animals and then inferring habits for dinosaurs.传统上而言，这些信息来自于直接证据，比如胃里的食物，以及间接证据，比如通过恐龙特别的身体特征和现今存活的动物的饮食习惯之间建立关系来推断恐龙的饮食习惯。

Animals such as house cats and dogs have large, stabbing canine teeth at the front of the mouth and smaller, equally sharp teeth farther back in their jaws.比如家养的猫和狗这类动物，嘴前部有着尖锐的犬牙，而且后颌有着小一些但同样尖锐的牙齿。

Many of these animals are also armed with sharp claws.而且大多数这类动物都有着锋利的爪子。

The advantage of teeth and claws as predatory tools is obvious.牙齿和爪子作为捕食工具的优势非常明显。

托福考试历年真题阅读理解专项2024

托福考试历年真题阅读理解专项2024第一篇阅读材料：Historical Archaeology and the Importance of Material CultureArchaeology is the study of human history and prehistory through the excavation of artifacts and structures. One subfield of archaeology, known as historical archaeology, focuses specifically on exploring the material culture of more recent societies. This approach combines traditional archaeological techniques with historical research to gain insight into the lives of past populations.Historical archaeology typically investigates the period from the emergence of written records up to the present day. By analyzing physical artifacts and structures, researchers can uncover valuable information about the daily lives, customs, and socioeconomic structures of these societies. For example, the discovery of household items and tools can reveal the daily routines and living conditions of the people who used them.Moreover, historical archaeology allows us to challenge and expand upon written records and historical accounts. While written sources often reflect the perspectives of the elite or powerful, archaeological evidence provides a more comprehensive understanding of all sectors of society. By analyzing the material remains of ordinary people, researchers can reconstruct a more complete narrative of the past.Furthermore, material culture can provide insight into cultural exchanges and global connections. Through the examination of trade goods, researchers can trace the movement of commodities and the interconnectedness ofdifferent regions. This perspective challenges the traditional nationalistic interpretations of history and emphasizes the interdependence of societies throughout time.In conclusion, historical archaeology is a valuable subfield that sheds light on the material culture of past societies. By combining archaeological techniques with historical research, we can gain a deeper understanding of the daily lives, socioeconomic structures, and cultural exchanges of these societies. Through the examination of artifacts and structures, historians and archaeologists can challenge written accounts and provide a more comprehensive narrative of human history.第二篇阅读材料：The Usefulness of Bees in AgricultureBees play a crucial role in agriculture as pollinators, as they transfer pollen from male to female flowers, allowing plants to reproduce. Without bees, many crops would fail to produce fruit, leading to a decline in food production and a negative impact on ecosystems. Therefore, the conservation and preservation of bee populations are of great importance to both farmers and environmentalists.Firstly, bees are responsible for pollinating a wide variety of crops, including fruits, vegetables, nuts, and oilseeds. By visiting multiple flowers in a single foraging trip, bees ensure the transfer of pollen, enabling successful fertilization. This process directly contributes to the production of many essential food items consumed by humans and livestock.Secondly, the economic value of bees in agriculture should not be underestimated. The pollination services provided by bees have been estimated to contribute billions of dollars to global food production annually. In addition to the direct economic benefits, the presence of bees in agricultural landscapes can enhance biodiversity and promote the sustainability of ecosystems.Moreover, bees also have indirect benefits for agriculture. The presence of bees in a field can increase crop yields and improve the quality of harvested produce. Studies have shown that crops exposed to bee pollination often have larger and more uniformly shaped fruits, which are more marketable. Therefore, farmers who actively encourage bee populations on their farms can reap the rewards of improved agricultural productivity.In conclusion, bees are indispensable in agriculture due to their role as pollinators. They contribute to the reproduction and productivity of crops, resulting in increased food production and economic benefits. Additionally, the presence of bees in agricultural ecosystems contributes to biodiversity and promotes sustainable farming practices. It is crucial to recognize the importance of bees and take steps to protect and preserve their populations for the benefit of both agriculture and the environment.总结：托福考试历年真题阅读理解专项2024的两篇阅读材料分别介绍了历史考古学和蜜蜂在农业中的重要性。