定语从句--最新整理

定语从句

预习:把下面两个简单句合并成定语从句

1.The eggs were not fresh. I bought the eggs yesterday.

2.The friend was not hungry. The friend came to supper last night.

3.He prefers the cheese. T he cheese comes from his parent’s farm.

4.The noodles were delicious. Y ou cooked the noodles

5.I don’t like the people. They smoke a lot.

一. 概念：

(1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)

二、考点聚焦

1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。

2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后

Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.

3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词

（1）先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing 的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。

（2）先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点：

①关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。

This is the place which is worth visiting.

②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。

There are many places we can visit（them）in China.

4、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词

关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose, as。

关系副词：when, where, why。that偶尔也作关系副词。

5、确定关系词的步骤

（1）看先行词指的是什么。

（2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。

练习:翻译下列句子

1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.

2) You must do everything that I do. 3) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.

4) The man (who/whom )you met just now is my friend.

5) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.

6) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

7) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.

8) That’s the reason why she left home.

9)I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.

10)The factory where his father works is in the east of the city

6、在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which （1）先行词被①形容词最高级②序数词③only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修饰时。

2）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时。

（3）先行词中既有人又有物时。

He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus. （4）当主句中含有疑问词which时。

Which are the books that you bought for me ?

7、宜用which而不用that的情况

（1）在非限制性定语从句中

（2）在关系词前有介词时

8、关系词who与that指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词

（1）先行词是为anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等词时，关系词用who。

9、whose作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。如：

Do you know Mr.Smith whose story is very moving ?

There is a room, whose window faces the river.

There is a room, the window of which faces the river.

10、关系代词as,在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。

无先行词的定语从句用as和which引导。

区别：①意义上：as 含有“正如”“像”。Which 含有“这一点”“这件事”②位置上：as 从句可置句首，也可在另处。Which引导的从句只能放在先行词之后。

He didn’t pass the exam, as we had expected.

There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out.

As is known, the earth is round, not flat.

11、关系副词when与where、why、that

when 指时间 = in / at / on / during which

where指地点 = in / at / from / which

why指原因 = for which

当先行词为way、day、reason、time时，可用that作关系副词。（非正式场合）

I don’t like the way that / in which / he talks.

当time作先行词时，关系词可以省掉。

This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French.

12、必须注意的问题

（1）关系词作主语时，从句中谓语的数。

（2）注意区别定语从句与强调句。

①定语从句中关系词作从句成分。

②强调it无意义，that / who不是引导词。

③强调句中去掉it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思仍讲得通

It is the museum that / which we visited last year.(定语从句)

It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.（强调句）

13、定语从句与同位语从句的区别。

①定语从句引导词被称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语。有时可省略。

②同位语从句引导词被叫做连词，that不能充当任何成分，不可省。

Word came that their army was defeated.(同位语)

We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.(定语)

14、the way 做先行词时表方式时，关系词应用that、in which或不填。

I don’t like the way he said to me。

15、关系词在从句中省略的情况。

①关系词作宾语，前无介词时。

16、介词加关系代词.

1)关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是which和whom。

2)介词确定:a)意思表达的需要

I will never forget the day on which I joined the League

b)固定搭配

This is the house in which a famous writer once lived.

17、几个特殊的定语从句句型：

①He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks

in the match.（句中one为先行词）

He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.（句中students 为先行词）

定语从句专项训练

1．（北京春季高考题）We are living in an age ________ many things are done on computer.

A. which

B. that

C. whose

D. when

2．（上海春季高考题）________ has been announced，we shall have our final exams next month.

A. That

B. As

C. It

D. What

3．（北京高考题）We will be shown around the city: schools，museums，and some other places, ________ other visitors seldom go.

A. what

B. which

C. where

D. when

4．（2002上海高考题）Alec asked the policeman _____he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.

A. with him

B. who

C. with whom

D. whom

5．He made another wonderful discovery, ________ of great importance to science.

A. which I think is

B. which I think it is

C. which I think it

D. I think which is

6．Then the great day came ________ he was to march past the palace in the parade.

A. where

B. since

C. when

D. till

7．—I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.

—Is that the reason ________ you had a few days off?

A. why

B. when

C. what

D. where

8．Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _______, of course，made the others unhappy.

A. who

B. which

C. this

D. what

9．The gentleman ________ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.

A. who

B. about whom

C. whom

D. with whom

10．The result o f the experiment was very good, ________ we hadn’t expected.

A. when

B. that

C. which

D. what

11．I shall never forget those years ________ I lived in the country with the farmer, ________ has a great effect on my life.

A. that; which

B. when; which

C. when; who

D. which; that

12．After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child.

A. which

B. where

C. that

D. when

13．This is the first sum of money ________ the children’s family has received.

A. that

B. which

C. what

D. as

14．This is not the only apple ________ has rotten away.

A. which

B. that

C. /

D. what