linux安装oracle 11G R2最细步骤

# 后跟命令表示以操作系统下root用户操作; $ 后跟命令表示以操作系统下oracle用户操作; 虚拟机安装CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1511.iso 1.1 上传软件假如放在/opt/目录下.# cd /opt/可通过SecureFX工具sftp上传数据库安装文件. 或者安装rzyum install –y lrzsz然后使用rz命令上传linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.ziplinux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip1.2 Package安装检查yum install -y binutils*yum install -y compat-libstdc*yum install -y elfutils-libelf*yum install -y gcc*yum install -y glibc*yum install -y ksh*yum install -y libaio*yum install -y libgcc*yum install -y libstdc*yum install -y make*yum install -y sysstat*yum install libXp* -yyum install -y glibc-kernheaders执行预计5分钟的样子1.3 增加数据库组和用户# id oracle (确认oracle用户是否存在)# groupadd oinstall (建立产品清单管理组)# groupadd dba (建立数据库安装组)# groupadd asmadmin (建立ASM管理组)# groupadd asmdba (建立Grid管理组)# useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba oracle -d /home/oracle (oinstall为主要组,确保/home/oracle原不存在)# id oracle (记住oracle用户的uid和gid)uid=501(oracle) gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),502(dba),504(asmdba)# passwd oracle1.4 调整OS内核参数设置原则:kernel.shmmax 为 4GB-1byte或一半的物理内存, 哪个值更低用哪个;fs.file-max 为512 * PROCESSES.# vi /etc/sysctl.conf (增加或修改以下参数, 参考值为最小需求, kernel.shmmax默认即可无需设置 )#------------------------------------------fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576fs.file-max = 6815744kernel.shmall = 2097152kernel.shmmax = 536870912kernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max = 4194304net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 1048586#------------------------------------------# sysctl -p (设置参数立即生效)1.5 增加shell限制为了提升性能增加oracle用户的shell限制.# vi /etc/security/limits.conf (在文件最后增加或修改以下参数) oracle soft nproc 2047oracle hard nproc 16384oracle soft nofile 1024oracle hard nofile 65536# vi /etc/pam.d/login (在文件最后增加或修改以下参数) session required pam_limits.so# vi /etc/profile (在文件最后增加或修改以下脚本)if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; thenif [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; thenulimit -p 16384ulimit -n 65536elseulimit -u 16384 -n 65536fifi1.6 建立必需目录# more /etc/oratab (确认原来是否存在Oracle主目录)# more /etc/oraInst.loc (确认原来是否存在Oracle产品清单目录)# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/ (Oracle基础目录, 一般为/mount_point/app/oracle_owner) # chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt#chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01# chmod -R 775 /opt# chmod -R 775 /u011.7 设置oracle用户环境变量如果服务器有多网卡, 注意设置ORACLE_HOSTNAME为某网卡IP对应的主机名, 参照/etc/hosts文件.设置主机名称对应的域名# vi /etc/hosts此处编写当前服务器的ip centos（配置的环境变量ORACLE_HOSTNAME）# su - oracle$ vi ~/.bash_profileumask 022export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=centosexport ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracleexport ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1export ORACLE_SID=ORCLexport PATH=.:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/b in:$PATHexport LC_ALL="en_US"export LANG="en_US"export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK"export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"$ source ~/.bash_profile$ export查看环境变量此处看到oracle的相关环境变量已经配置好了，之后不要切换当前shell否则环境变量不会存在，因为设置的环境变量为当前shell有效1.8 解压Oracle安装文件$ cd /opt$ unzip linux*_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /u01 (解压到/u01目录下,可选目录)$ unzip linux*_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /u01如果unzip不存在#yum install -y unzip(此处需要用root用户安装)$ cd /u01/database$ export DISTRIB=/u01/database在解压后oracle软件的response目录里有各种响应文件的模版.1.9 生成响应文件模板1) 方法一(推荐)$ vi $DISTRIB/db_swonly.rsp#--------------------------------------------------------------------#以下参数不要更改oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_ 2_0oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLYDECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true#以下参数根据实际情况更改,根据本文档步骤安装，一般也无需更改UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstallINVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/oraInventorySELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN,zh_TWORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracleoracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EEoracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=trueoracle.install.db.customComponents=oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dbaoracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall#--------------------------------------------------------------------各参数含义如下:-silent 表示以静默方式安装,不会有任何提示-force 允许安装到一个非空目录-noconfig 表示不运行配置助手netca-responseFile 表示使用哪个响应文件,必需使用绝对路径oracle.install.responseFileVersion 响应文件模板的版本,该参数不要更改oracle.install.option 安装选项,本例只安装oracle软件,该参数不要更改DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES 是否需要在线安全更新,设置为false,该参数不要更改ORACLE_HOSTNAME 安装主机名UNIX_GROUP_NAME oracle用户用于安装软件的组名INVENTORY_LOCATION oracle产品清单目录SELECTED_LANGUAGES oracle运行语言环境,一般包括引文和简繁体中文ORACLE_HOME Oracle安装目录ORACLE_BASE oracle基础目录oracle.install.db.InstallEdition 安装版本类型,一般是企业版oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall 是否定制安装,默认Partitioning,OLAP,RAT都选上了oracle.install.db.customComponents 定制安装组件列表:除了以上默认的,可加上Label Security 和Database Vaultoracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP oracle用户用于授予OSDBA权限的组名oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP oracle用户用于授予OSOPER权限的组名2) 方法二(图形界面)$ ./runInstaller &一步步设置到Summary页, 然后点击Save Response File按钮, 选择合适的存放路径并Finish 后, 回到Summary页, 点击Cancel退出OUI.1.10 开始安装oracle软件1) 通过response文件静默安装, 大概2-3分钟:$ ./runInstaller -silent -force -noconfig -ignorePrereq -responseFile$DISTRIB/db_swonly.rsp如图所示表示已经正在安装，此时需要等待2) 安装期间查看安装日志信息了解安装进度:$ cd $ORACLE_BASE/oraInventory/logs$ tail -100finstallActions*.log控制台直到出现以下提示则表示安装完成:#-------------------------------------------------------------------.../u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.shTo execute the configuration scripts:1. Open a terminal window2. Log in as "root"3. Run the scripts4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continueSuccessfully Setup Software.#-------------------------------------------------------------------3) 安装的软件信息会写入inventory.xml文件, 如果需重运行则把该文件的对应安装条目信息删除即可:$ vi $ORACLE_BASE/oraInventory/ContentsXML/inventory.xml第3步可以不操作1.11 运行orainstRoot.sh和root.sh若本机第一次安装oracle软件, 则执行orainstRoot.sh来建立oraInst.loc文件和修改权限: $ su -# /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh# more /etc/oraInst.loc执行$ORACLE_HOME下的root.sh来建立oratab,dbhome,oraenv,coraenv文件, 如果提示则一直回车:# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh# more /etc/oratab1.1 静默配置监听通过response文件运行netca, 生成sqlnet.ora和listener.ora文件, 位于$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin目录下:# su -oracle$ export DISTRIB=/u01/database$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/netca /silent /responsefile $DISTRIB/response/netca.rsp$ ll $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/*.ora$ lsnrctl status执行完后, 监听就已经启动了, 默认端口是1521, 默认是动态监听, 只要实例启动了就会监听到.1.2 静默建库1) 生成响应文件模板:$ vi $DISTRIB/db_create.rsp#--------------------------------------------------------------------#以下参数不要更改[GENERAL]RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"#以下参数必须设置[CREATEDATABASE]GDBNAME = "ORCL"TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"#以下参数不设置则使用默认值,建议设置CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK"TOTALMEMORY = "1024"#--------------------------------------------------------------------2) dbca静默建库, 大概3-4分钟:种子数据库和控制文件位于$ORACLE_HOME/assistants/dbca/templates/下, 即Seed_Database.dfb和Seed_Database.ctl文件, 实际上建库就是基于通过rman恢复种子数据库和控制文件来实现的.$clear$$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile $DISTRIB/db_create.rsp 此处会刷屏，等刷完了输入两次密码每次输完回车，然后等待安装Enter SYS user password:<输入sys用户密码>Enter SYSTEM user password:<输入system用户密码>Copying database files...37% completeCreating and starting Oracle instance...62% completeCompleting Database Creation...100% completeLook at the log file "/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ORCL/ORCL.log" for further details.各参数含义如下:-silent 表示以静默方式安装-responseFile 表示使用哪个响应文件,必需使用绝对路径RESPONSEFILE_VERSION 响应文件模板的版本,该参数不要更改OPERATION_TYPE 安装类型,该参数不要更改GDBNAME 全局数据库名,点号前面默认是db_name,点号后面默认就是db_domainTEMPLATENAME 建库模板名,参考各模板定义:$ORACLE_HOME/assistants/dbca/templates/*.dbcCHARACTERSET 字符集,默认是WE8MSWIN1252TOTALMEMORY 实例内存,默认是服务器物理内存的40%3) 安装期间查看日志信息了解进度:$ tail -100f $ORACLE_BASE/cfgtoollogs/dbca/$ORACLE_SID/$ORACLE_SID.log4) 建库后实例检查$ ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep | wc -l21$ ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v greporacle 1855 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_ORCLoracle 1857 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_vktm_ORCLoracle 1861 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_gen0_ORCLoracle 1863 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_diag_ORCLoracle 1865 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbrm_ORCLoracle 1867 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_psp0_ORCLoracle 1869 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_dia0_ORCLoracle 1871 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_mman_ORCLoracle 1873 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbw0_ORCLoracle 1875 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_lgwr_ORCLoracle 1877 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_ckpt_ORCLoracle 1879 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_smon_ORCLoracle 1881 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_reco_ORCLoracle 1883 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmon_ORCLoracle 1885 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmnl_ORCLoracle 1887 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_d000_ORCLoracle 1889 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_s000_ORCLoracle 1969 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_qmnc_ORCLoracle 1985 1 0 10:07 ? 00:00:00 ora_cjq0_ORCLoracle 2003 1 0 10:08 ? 00:00:00 ora_q000_ORCLoracle 2005 1 0 10:08 ? 00:00:00 ora_q001_ORCL5) 建库后监听检查$ lsnrctl status...Services Summary...Service "ORCL.LK" has 1 instance(s).Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...Service "ORCLXDB.LK" has 1 instance(s).Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...The command completed successfully实例应该被动态注册到监听程序了. 如果未被动态注册到监听程序, 则可以手工注册:$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Sep 16 11:11:46 2009Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing optionsSQL> alter system register;6) 改为归档模式并重启$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL> shutdown immediate;SQL> startup mount;SQL> alter database archivelog;SQL> alter database flashback on; (如果要启用数据库闪回功能则执行)SQL> alter database open;SQL> execute utl_recomp.recomp_serial(); (重新编译所有可能失效对象)SQL> alter system archive log current; (手工归档测试)到此建库完毕!7) 创建自己的用户及权限SQL> create user test identified by 123456;create user qiaoyanjun identified by "!@#123QWEqwe";SQL> grant dba to test;grantdba to qiaoyanjun;然后就可以远程连接了，当然端口什么的要开放8) 默认安装的数据库用户:SQL> set lines 256 pages 500SQL> select USER_ID,USERNAME,ACCOUNT_STATUS,DEFAULT_TABLESPACE from db a_users order by 1;USER_ID USERNAME ACCOUNT_STATUS DEFAULT_TABLESPAC E---------- ------------------------------ -------------------------------- ------------------------------0 SYS OPEN SYSTEM5 SYSTEM OPEN SYSTEM9 OUTLN EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSTEM14 DIP EXPIRED & LOCKED USERS21 ORACLE_OCM EXPIRED & LOCKED USERS30 DBSNMP EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX31 APPQOSSYS EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX32 WMSYS EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX42 EXFSYS EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX43 CTXSYS EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX45 XDB EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX46 ANONYMOUS EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX53 ORDSYS EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX54 ORDDATA EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX55 ORDPLUGINS EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX56 SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX57 MDSYS EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX61 OLAPSYS EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX65 MDDATA EXPIRED & LOCKED USERS67 SPATIAL_WFS_ADMIN_USR EXPIRED & LOCKED USERS 70 SPATIAL_CSW_ADMIN_USR EXPIRED & LOCKED USERS 72 SYSMAN EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX74 MGMT_VIEW EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSTEM75 FLOWS_FILES EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX76 APEX_PUBLIC_USER EXPIRED & LOCKED USERS78 APEX_030200 EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX79 OWBSYS EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX83 OWBSYS_AUDIT EXPIRED & LOCKED SYSAUX84 SCOTT EXPIRED & LOCKED USERS 2147483638 XS$NULL EXPIRED & LOCKED USERS30 rows selected.9) 默认安装的组件:SQL> col COMP_ID format a8col COMP_NAME format a35col VERSION format a12col schema format a12col OTHER_SCHEMAS format a45SQL> select comp_id,comp_name,version,schema,other_schemas from dba_registry order b y 1;COMP_ID COMP_NAME VERSION SCHEMA OTHER_SCHEMAS-------- ----------------------------------- ------------ ------------ ---------------------------------------------AMD OLAP Catalog 11.2.0.1.0 OLAPSYSAPEX Oracle Application Express 3.2.1.00.10 APEX_030200 FLOWS_FILESAPS OLAP Analytic Workspace 11.2.0.1.0 SYSCATALOG Oracle Database Catalog Views 11.2.0.1.0 SYSCATJAVA Oracle Database Java Packages 11.2.0.1.0 SYSCATPROC Oracle Database Packages and Types 11.2.0.1.0 SYS APPQOSSYS,DBSNMP, DIP,ORACLE_OCM,OUTLN,SYSTEMCONTEXT Oracle Text 11.2.0.1.0 CTXSYSEM Oracle Enterprise Manager 11.2.0.1.0 SYSMANEXF Oracle Expression Filter 11.2.0.1.0 EXFSYSJAVAVM JServer JAVA Virtual Machine 11.2.0.1.0 SYSORDIM Oracle Multimedia 11.2.0.1.0 ORDSYS MDSYS,ORDDATA,ORDPLU GINS,SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMAOWB OWB 11.2.0.1.0 OWBSYSOWM Oracle Workspace Manager 11.2.0.1.0 WMSYSRUL Oracle Rules Manager 11.2.0.1.0 EXFSYSSDO Spatial 11.2.0.1.0 MDSYSXDB Oracle XML Database 11.2.0.1.0 XDB ANONYMOUS,XS$NULL XML Oracle XDK 11.2.0.1.0 SYSXOQ Oracle OLAP API 11.2.0.1.0 SYS18 rows selected.1.3 静默删库(可选)1) 生成响应文件模板:$ vi $DISTRIB/db_delete.rsp#--------------------------------------------------------------------#以下参数不能更改[GENERAL]RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"OPERATION_TYPE = "deleteDatabase"#以下参数根据实际情况更改[DELETEDATABASE]SOURCEDB = "ORCL"#-------------------------------------------------------------------2) dbca静默建库, 无需手工停库, 大概1分钟:$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile $DISTRIB/db_delete.rspConnecting to database...47% completeUpdating network configuration files...52% completeDeleting instance and datafiles...100% completeLook at the log file "/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ORCL.log" for further details. 各参数含义如下:-silent 表示以静默方式删除-responseFile 表示使用哪个响应文件,必需使用绝对路径RESPONSEFILE_VERSION 响应文件模板的版本,该参数不要更改OPERATION_TYPE 安装类型,该参数不要更改SOURCEDB 数据库名,不是全局数据库名,即不包含db_domain3) 删除期间查看日志信息了解进度:$ tail -100f $ORACLE_BASE/cfgtoollogs/dbca/$ORACLE_SID/$ORACLE_SID.log。