人教版高一必修二book2 unit3 Computers grammar 课件

3．—Can we sit at the table near the window? —I’m sorry，but it________already. A．was taken B．took C．has taken D．has been taken 解析：选D。it代指the table，和take之间是被动 关系；又根据already和句意可知用现在完成时， 故答案选D项。
B. have not been decided
C. is not being decided
D. has not been decided
4. Betty___ injured since last Saturday.
A . has been
C. is
B. was
D. has
5. That book _________into at least 20 foreign languages. A. has said to be translated B. has been said to have translated C. is said that it had been translated D. is said to have been translated
[否定式] have/has＋not＋been＋done
The desks have not been cleaned. 这些桌子还没有擦干净。
[疑问式]Have/Has＋主语＋been＋done?
—Has the door been painted?
那扇门粉刷了吗？ —No，it hasn’t.不，还没有。 [特殊疑问式] 疑问词＋have／has＋主语＋been＋done How long has her work been finished？
3) 用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已
完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将 来完成时的被动语态。 You can go home as soon as your task has been finished. 你的任务一完成就可以回家。
Task 2 Test yourself!
Ⅰ. 完成句子 1．由于大雪，高速公路已经被封闭。 The freeway _______________because of the heavy snow. 答案：has been closed 2．对不起，先生，这次展览的门票已经全部卖完 了。 Sorry，sir，all the tickets for the exhibition ________________. 答案：have been sold out
Conclusion:
1. 使用现在完成时的被动语态要注意以下几点: 1) 现在完成时的被动语态的两个助动词，即
have/has和been，两者缺一不可。
2) 只有及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词（词组）
没有被动语态, 如:happen, take place, die, appear,
disappear, fail, remain, lie, last, sit , stand, break out, come true, belong to等．
---- Since 1990.
A. were you employed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D. will you be employed
3. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ____ yet. A. are not decided
3．Over the past ten years，this town __________ (hit)twice by earthquakes.
答案：has been hit
4．—Will the lecture be held at 4 o’clock this
afternoon?
—No. It__________________(put off)till tomorrow afternoon. 答案：has been put off
4 ) 许多不及物动词加介词或副词构成的短语
动词，相当于及物动词，也可以有被动语态。 但短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，变为被动 语态时，不可丢掉构成短语的介词或副词。如：
•e.g. A notice has been put up on the wall.
5) 非延续性动词，如borrow，finish，
3．这座城市明年将建多少座大楼？
How many high buildings ________________in
this来自百度文库city next year?
答案：will be built 4．为了多种一些谷物，很多树被砍掉了。 Large numbers of trees ______________to grow more grain.
3) 副词的位置
often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom等副词置于have/has和been中间。如: [误] Such a man has been hardly believed. [正] Such a man has hardly been believed.
现在还拿不到这些信件)
The work has already been finished. 工作已完成了。(结果是，现在不用做这项工作了)
2) 表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续
到现在，并有可能持续下去，常与for或since引导
的时间状语连用，或用于How long...？句型中。例 如： The plan has been discussed for nearly 2 hours. 这项计划已被讨论了近两个小时了。
begin，start，buy，marry，open，join等 构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示 一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意 思，则要改换动词或时态。
Task4 Consolidation.
Ⅰ. 用括号内动词或词组的适当形式填空 1．More than 5,000 used bikes__________________ (collect) since the two brothers set up the organisation. 答案：have been collected 2．Since the cause of this disease________________ (discover)，now we need to develop the medicine to treat it. 答案：has been discovered
3． ─Have the cars been repaired？ ─No，they haven’t．
这些汽车修好了吗？ 不，还没有。
How long has her work been finished？ 她的工作完成有多久了？
2. 现在完成时被动语态的各种句式：
[肯定式] have/has＋been＋done Your computer has been repaired. 你的电脑已经修好了。
Unit 3 Computers
Period 4
语法专题课
Task1. Presentation
I. Read the sentences from the text, paying attention to the underlined parts. 1.Over time I have been changed quite a lot. 2. …, I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s. 3. … I never forget anything I have been told! 4. Since the 1970s, many new applications have been found for me. 5. I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as …
5．Her novel is very popular among people of all
ages；so far it____________(translate) into 25
languages. 答案：has been translated
II. Choose the best answers.
4. I want to buy this kind of cloth because I_______ the cloth ________well. A．have told；washed B．have been told；washes C．have been told；washed D．was told；washed 解析：选B。根据句意“因为我被告知这种布很好 洗”可知第一空用完成时的被动语态；第二空表示 主语具有的属性，用主动表被动，故用washes。
2．The new dictionaries are very useful.They ________well and ________already. A．sell；have been sold out B．sold；had sold out C．sell；sell out D．are sold；have been sold out 解析：选A。第一空sell说明主语的性质，为不及 物动词用法，不能用于被动语态；第二空根据副 词already可知“已卖完了”；且sell out(售完)与 dictionaries间为被动关系，故选A项。
答案：have been cut down
5．我喜欢这部科幻电影，它已经在电视上播了三 次了。 I like this science fiction film and it _____________ three times on TV. 答案：has been shown
Ⅱ. 单项填空 1．His sister left home in 1998，and _______since. A．had not been heard of B．has not been heard of C．had not heard of D．has not heard of 解析：选B。考查时态及语态。句意为：他姐姐 1998年离家出走，从此杳无音信。根据句中since可 知本题需用完成时，同时根据句意可知需用现在完 成时的被动语态。故选B项。
1. All the preparations for the task ____,
and we’re ready to start.
A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been done
2. ---- How long ____ at this job?
她的工作完成有多久了？
3. 现在完成时被动语态的主要用法
1) 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响与结果。
当动词为短暂动词时，可与already或yet连用，但
不能与for或since引导的表示一段的时间状语连用。 例如： I’m sorry，but the letters haven’t been typed yet. 很抱歉，这些信件还没有被打印出来。(结果是，
The Present Perfect Passive Voice
（现在完成时的被动语态） 讲解归纳 1. 构成：
主动语态 被动语态 现在完成时 have/has done have/has been done
II. Translation
1. Two windows have been broken． 两个窗子被打破了。 2. The car has not been repaired． 这辆汽车还没有被修好。